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Uytenbogaardtite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Uytenbogaardtite (29)Discuss Uytenbogaardtite

Uytenbogaardtite Gallery Search Photos of Uytenbogaardtite

Edit Uytenbogaardtite Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Uytenbogaardtite, etc.

New Bullfrog Mine, Bullfrog Mining District, Bullfrog Hills, Nye County, Nevada, USA

Uytenbogaardtite, etc.

C and C Mine, Virginia City, Comstock Mining District, Storey County, Nevada, USA

Uytenbogaardtite, etc.

Comstock Lode, Virginia City, Comstock Mining District, Storey County, Nevada, USA

Uytenbogaardtite, etc.

New Bullfrog Mine, Bullfrog Mining District, Bullfrog Hills, Nye County, Nevada, USA

Uytenbogaardtite, etc.

C and C Mine, Virginia City, Comstock Mining District, Storey County, Nevada, USA

Uytenbogaardtite, etc.

Comstock Lode, Virginia City, Comstock Mining District, Storey County, Nevada, USA

Uytenbogaardtite, etc.

New Bullfrog Mine, Bullfrog Mining District, Bullfrog Hills, Nye County, Nevada, USA

Uytenbogaardtite, etc.

C and C Mine, Virginia City, Comstock Mining District, Storey County, Nevada, USA

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About UytenbogaardtiteHide

Willem Uytenbogaardt

Formula:

Ag₃AuS₂

Colour:

Greyish-white

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

8.40 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Name:

Named in 1978 by M. D. Barton, C. Kieft, E. A. J. Burke, and I. D. Oen in honor of Willem Uytenbogaardt (July 18, 1918 Amsterdam, The Netherlands - May 25, 2012 Aalsmeer, The Netherlands), professor of geology, Technical University of Delft (The Netherlands).

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Tambang Sawah, Rejang Lebong District (Rediang Lebong District), Bengkulu Province, Indonesia
ⓘ Zmeinogorsk Mine (Zmyeinogorsk Mine), Zmeinogorsky District, Altai Krai, Russia
ⓘ Comstock Mining District, Storey County, Nevada, USA

May form as exsolutions in (originally Au-bearing) acanthite. Structurally different from (stoichiometrically similar) petzite and fischesserite, although forming a series with the latter. Often found in 0.1mm grains, in clusters.

Analogous to Cu-bearing Cu-Au-ordered makotoite.

Chemically similar to petrovskaite; compare UM2002-13-S:AgAuSe.

The structure is based on S-atoms sublattice in distorted bcc arrangement. There are (1) tri-atomic linear S-Au-S groups and (2) Ag atoms bonded to four S atoms (from four different linear groups), in distorted tetrahedral set.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

4127

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:4127:6

IMA Classification of UytenbogaardtiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

Approval year:

1977

First published:

1978

Type description reference:

Barton, M. D., Kieft, C., Burke, E. A. J., Oen, I. S. (1978) Uytenbogaardtite, a new silver-gold sulfide. The Canadian Mineralogist, 16 (4) 651-657

Classification of UytenbogaardtiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.BA.75

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
A : With Cu, Ag, Au

Dana 8th ed.:

2.4.3.1

2 : SULFIDES
4 : A_mB_nX_p, with (m+n):p = 2:1

Hey's CIM Ref.:

3.3.4

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
3 : Sulphides etc. of Au

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Uyt	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Uyt	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of UytenbogaardtiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Comment:

Usually grains are so tiny they are invisible without a microscope

Colour:

Greyish-white

Comment:

Uytenbogaardtite is commonly gray-white metallic, but it tarnishes very easily in bright light. Polished sections, in particular, may show rapid color changes within minutes. Various references report differing iridescence. Tan is commonly observed, but shades of pink to brassy are also observed.

Hardness:

2 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₅=20 kg/mm² - Vickers

Hardness Data:

Measured

Tenacity:

Malleable

Cleavage:

Imperfect/Fair
None

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal

Comment:

Considerably more brittle than acanthite

Density:

8.40(5) g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of UytenbogaardtiteHide

Anisotropism:

Strong; without distinct colors.

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)	R₂ (%)
470nm	33.2%	34.6%
546nm	30.3%	34.6%
589nm	31.1%	35.2%
650nm	30.5%	33.3%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 35.2%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

gray-white

Pleochroism:

Weak

Comments:

Weak to distinct; pale gray to pale gray with a brownish tint.

Comments:

surface changes rapidly on exposure to light

Chemistry of UytenbogaardtiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Ag₃AuS₂

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Ag	55.345 %
S	10.968 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Ag, Au, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Cu,Se,Te

Crystallography of UytenbogaardtiteHide

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Class (H-M):

3m(32/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral

Space Group:

R3c

Cell Parameters:

a = 13.6952(5) Å, c = 17.0912(8) Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 1.248

Unit Cell V:

2776.1 Å³

Morphology:

Not observed in crystals to date. Grains of uytenbogaardtite are rarely larger than 100 microns and magnification is necessary to observe the mineral.

Comment:

Given as P4122 or P1, a= 9.75, c =m9.85, Z=9 by Bideaux (1990). Previously given space group: R-3; originally thought to be tetragonal.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0012143	Uytenbogaardtite	Messien P, Baiwir M, Tavernier B (1966) Structure cristalline du sulfure mixte d'argent et d'or Bulletin de la Societe Royal des Sciences de Liege 35 727-733		1966	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Uytenbogaardtite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Messien P'
'Baiwir M'
'Tavernier B'
_journal_name_full 'Bulletin de la Societe Royal des Sciences de Liege'
_journal_volume 35 
_journal_year 1966
_journal_page_first 727
_journal_page_last 733
_publ_section_title
;
 Structure cristalline du sulfure mixte d'argent et d'or
;
_database_code_amcsd 0012143
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ag3 Au S2'
_cell_length_a 9.72
_cell_length_b 9.72
_cell_length_c 9.72
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 918.330
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      8.458
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 41 3 2'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-z,1/2+x,1/2-y'
  '-y,1/2+z,1/2-x'
  '-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '1/4-x,3/4+z,1/4+y'
  '1/4-z,3/4+y,1/4+x'
  '1/4-y,3/4+x,1/4+z'
  '3/4-x,3/4-z,3/4-y'
  '3/4-z,3/4-y,3/4-x'
  '3/4-y,3/4-x,3/4-z'
  '1/2-z,-x,1/2+y'
  '1/2-y,-z,1/2+x'
  '1/2-x,-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2+z,1/2-x,-y'
  '1/2+y,1/2-z,-x'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,-z'
  '1/4+x,1/4-z,3/4+y'
  '1/4+z,1/4-y,3/4+x'
  '1/4+y,1/4-x,3/4+z'
  '3/4+x,1/4+z,1/4-y'
  '3/4+z,1/4+y,1/4-x'
  '3/4+y,1/4+x,1/4-z'
  'z,x,y'
  'y,z,x'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Ag   0.36000   0.04200   0.25500
Au   0.13000   0.13000   0.13000
S1   0.30500   0.30500   0.30500
S2   0.96500   0.96500   0.96500

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
6.98 Å	(80)
4.38 Å	(60)
3.99 Å	(10)
3.46 Å	(20)
3.25 Å	(30)
3.09 Å	(60)
2.943 Å	(30)
2.809 Å	(60)
2.731 Å	(100)
2.609 Å	(90)
2.371 Å	(30)
2.319 Å	(20)
2.297 Å	(10)
2.236 Å	(30)
2.147 Å	(50)
2.124 Å	(80)
2.011 Å	(10)
1.992 Å	(50)
1.925 Å	(40)
1.885 Å	(20)
1.907 Å	(50)
1.780 Å	(40)
1.735 Å	(10)
1.669 Å	(10)
1.536 Å	(20)
1.470 Å	(30)
1.406 Å	(30)

Comments:

ICDD 33-587 synthetic

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of UytenbogaardtiteHide

Co-Type Localities:

General Appearance of Type Material:

Gray-white metallic to tannish gray-white metallic grains. Frequently changes color, especially in polished sections. Iridescence noted varying from metallic tan, to brassy and "metallic pink". The mineral rarely is larger than 100 microns and crystals ar

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

1) Institute of Earth Sciences, Free University of Amsterdam.
2) University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3) National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 105328, B239.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Barton, M. D., Kieft, C., Burke, E. A. J., Oen, I. S. (1978) Uytenbogaardtite, a new silver-gold sulfide. The Canadian Mineralogist, 16 (4) 651-657

Synonyms of UytenbogaardtiteHide

IMA1977-018

Liujinyinite

Other Language Names for UytenbogaardtiteHide

Dutch:Uytenbogaardtiet

German:Uytenbogaardtit

Simplified Chinese:乌顿布格矿
沃登堡矿
硫金银矿

Spanish:Uytenbogaardtita

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

31 photos of Uytenbogaardtite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
24 photos of Uytenbogaardtite associated with 'Electrum'	(Au,Ag)
13 photos of Uytenbogaardtite associated with Native Gold	Au
10 photos of Uytenbogaardtite associated with Acanthite	Ag₂S
4 photos of Uytenbogaardtite associated with Hematite	Fe₂O₃
3 photos of Uytenbogaardtite associated with Galena	PbS
3 photos of Uytenbogaardtite associated with Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
2 photos of Uytenbogaardtite associated with Native Silver	Ag
2 photos of Uytenbogaardtite associated with Stephanite	Ag₅SbS₄
2 photos of Uytenbogaardtite associated with Pyrite	FeS₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.BA.	Makotoite	Ag₁₂(Cu₃Au)S₈	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
2.BA.	Alburnite	Ag₈GeTe₂S₄	Iso.
2.BA.	Dzierżanowskite	CaCu₂S₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
2.BA.	Xuwenyuanite	Ag₉Fe³⁺Te₂S₄	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.BA.	'Orileyite'	(Fe,Cu)₂As
2.BA.	Juxingite	Bi₆Cu⁺₁₃₈Cu²⁺₂Fe³⁺₃₀S₁₂₅	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.BA.05	Djurleite	Cu₃₁S₁₆	Mon. 2/m
2.BA.05	Geerite	Cu₈S₅	Trig. 3
2.BA.05	Roxbyite	Cu₅₈S₃₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.BA.05	Chalcocite	Cu₂S	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.BA.10	Digenite	Cu₉S₅	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.BA.10	Anilite	Cu₇S₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.BA.15	Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
2.BA.20	Bellidoite	Cu₂Se	Tet. 4/m : P4₂/n
2.BA.20	Berzelianite	Cu_2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.BA.25	Athabascaite	Cu₅Se₄	Orth.
2.BA.25	Umangite	Cu₃Se₂	Tet. 42m : P42₁m
2.BA.30	Rickardite	Cu₇Te₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmn
2.BA.30	Weissite	Cu_2-xTe	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm
2.BA.35	Acanthite	Ag₂S	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.BA.35	Spryite	Ag₈(As³⁺_0.5As⁵⁺_0.5)S₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.BA.40d	'UM2003-13-S:AgAuCu'	Ag₆AuCu₂S₅
2.BA.40	Mckinstryite	Ag_5-xCu_3+xS₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.BA.40	Stromeyerite	AgCuS	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.BA.42	Honeaite	Au₃TlTe₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcm
2.BA.45	Jalpaite	Ag₃CuS₂	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
2.BA.45	Selenojalpaite	Ag₃CuSe₂	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
2.BA.45	Kurilite	Ag₈Te₃Se	Trig. 3 : R3
2.BA.47	Spiridonovite	(Cu_1-xAg_x)₂Te	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3c1
2.BA.50	Wuyanzhiite	Cu₂S	Tet. 422 : P4₃2₁2
2.BA.50	Eucairite	AgCuSe	Orth.
2.BA.52	'Argentite'	Ag₂S	Iso.
2.BA.55	Naumannite	Ag₂Se	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
2.BA.55	Aguilarite	Ag₄SeS	Mon. 2/m
2.BA.60	Chenguodaite	Ag₉Fe³⁺Te₂S₄	Orth.
2.BA.60	Hessite	Ag₂Te	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.BA.60	Cervelleite	Ag₄TeS	Mon. 2/m
2.BA.65	Henryite	(Cu,Ag)_3+xTe₂ , with x ~ 0.40	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3c
2.BA.65	Stützite	Ag_5-xTe₃, x = 0.24-0.36	Hex. 6 : P6
2.BA.70	Argyrodite	Ag₈GeS₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.BA.70	Putzite	(Cu_4.7Ag_3.3)GeS₆	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.BA.70	Canfieldite	Ag₈SnS₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.BA.75	Fischesserite	Ag₃AuSe₂	Iso. 432 : I4₁32
2.BA.75	Penzhinite	(Ag,Cu)₄Au(S,Se)₄	Hex. 622 : P6₃22
2.BA.75	Petrovskaite	AuAgS	Mon.
2.BA.75	Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂	Iso. 432 : I4₁32
2.BA.80	Bezsmertnovite	(Au,Ag)₄Cu(Te,Pb)	Orth.
2.BA.80	Bilibinskite	PbCu₂Au₃Te₂	Iso.
2.BA.80	Bogdanovite	(Au,Te,Pb)₃(Cu,Fe)	Iso.

Fluorescence of UytenbogaardtiteHide

In UV light:

Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for UytenbogaardtiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-4127.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for UytenbogaardtiteHide

Reference List:

Messien, P., Baiwir, M., Tavernier, B. (1966) Structure cristalline du sulfure mixte d'argent et d´or. Bulletin de la Société Royal des Sciences de Liège: 35: 727-733.

Barton, M. D., Kieft, C., Burke, E. A. J., Oen, I. S. (1978) Uytenbogaardtite, a new silver-gold sulfide. The Canadian Mineralogist, 16 (4) 651-657

Fleischer, M.; Mandarino, J.A.; Pabst, A. (1980) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 65 (1-2). 205-210

Wagner, F.E., Sawicki, J.A., Friedl, J., Mandarino, J.A., Harris, D.C. (1992) Mössbauer spectroscopy of the Ag-Au chalcogenides petzite, fischesserite and uytenbogaardtite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 30: 327-333.

Castor, Stephen B.; Sjoberg, James J. (1993) Uytenbogaardtite, Ag3AuS2, in the Bullfrog mining district, Nevada. The Canadian Mineralogist, 31 (1). p.89-98.

(2005) Uytenbogaardtite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Bindi, Luca, Stanley, Christopher J., Seryotkin, Yurii V., Bakakin, Vladimir V., Pal'yanova, Galina A., Kokh, Konstantin A. (2016) The crystal structure of uytenbogaardtite, Ag₃AuS₂, and its relationships with gold and silver sulfides-selenides. Mineralogical Magazine, 80 (6) 1031-1040 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.041

Localities for UytenbogaardtiteHide

Showing 120 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Argentina
Catamarca Province Belén Department Hualfín ⓘ La Blende deposit	Márquez-Zavalía et al. (2016)
La Rioja Province Famatina Department La Mejicana mining area ⓘ Nevados de Famatina Cu-Au deposit	Brotkorb (2002)
Mendoza Province Malargüe Department Agua Escondida District ⓘ Don Sixto Project	Mugas Lobos et al. (2011) +1 other reference
Santa Cruz Province ⓘ Deseado massif	Paar et al. (2005, January) +1 other reference
Lago Buenos Aires Department Sascha Project ⓘ Pelligrini prospect	Smith (2009)
Magallanes Department El Salado ⓘ Cerro Vanguardia mine	FERNANDEZ +1 other reference
ⓘ Manantial Espejo mine	FERNANDEZ +1 other reference

Bolivia
Potosí Antonio Quijarro Province ⓘ Milluri mine	Dill (1998)

Bulgaria
Haskovo Province Ivaylovgrad Municipality Popsko ⓘ Popsko ore field	Marchev et al. (2005)

Canada
Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland ⓘ Big Easy prospect	Junco Rojas (2022)

China
Heilongjiang Daxing'anling Huma County ⓘ Pangkaimen Au-Ag deposit	Zhiguo Zhang et al. (2008)
Inner Mongolia Hinggan League Horqin Right Middle Banner (Ke'erqin Youyi Zhongqi) ⓘ Mongon Tolgoi Mine (Meng'entaoleigai Mine; Meng'entaolegai Mine)	Ren et al. (2026)
Jiangxi Ganzhou Yudu Co. Yinkeng polymetallic ore field ⓘ Niuxingba-Liumukeng Ag-Pb-Zn deposit	Yue et al. (2024) +1 other reference
Qinghai Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Madoi County ⓘ Kengdenongshe deposit	Wang et al. (2019)

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Kutná Hora District Kutná Hora ⓘ St. Antonín de Padua adit (Padua mine)	Pažout et al. (2019)

Dominican Republic
Sánchez Ramírez Province Cotuí ⓘ Pueblo Viejo Mine ?	Barrick Gold Corporation

Egypt
South Sinai Governorate ⓘ El Sheikh Soliman	Sallam et al. (2014)

Indonesia
Banten Province Cikotok Gold District ⓘ Cirotan mine	Marcoux et al. (1993) +2 other references
Bengkulu Province Rejang Lebong District (Rediang Lebong District) ⓘ Tambang Sawah (TL)	Barton et al. (1978) +2 other references
West Java Province Bogor Regency ⓘ Gunung Pongkor Mine	Warmada et al. (2003) +1 other reference

Japan
Hokkaidō Prefecture Okhotsk Subprefecture Monbetsu District ⓘ Omu Camp	Zeeck et al. (2021)
Ishikawa Prefecture Hakui District Shika-machi ⓘ Togi Mine	Hamada et al. (2022)

Malaysia
Sarawak Kuching Division Bau ⓘ Gunung Arong Bakit	Wolfram Dieter Schuh (1993)

Mexico
Puebla Ixtacamaxtitlán Municipality ⓘ Ixtaca Gold-Silver Deposit	Almaden Minerals

New Zealand
Waikato Region Hauraki District ⓘ Waihi	Fyfe (2014)
Thames-Coromandel District Hikuai Broken Hills ⓘ Broken Hills Mine	Cocker et al. (2013)

Nicaragua
León Department ⓘ La India district	English et al. (2024)

Papua New Guinea
Central Province ⓘ Tolukuma Mine	Petromin

Peru
Arequipa Castilla Province Orcopampa District ⓘ Calera vein	Gibson (1992)
Shila-Paula mining district ⓘ Paula Mine	Greffié et al. (2002) +1 other reference
ⓘ Shila Mine	Chauvet et al. (2006)
Ayacucho Parinacochas Province ⓘ Pallancata deposit	Gamarra-Urrunaga et al. (2013) +1 other reference

Romania
Alba County Roșia Montană ⓘ Roşia Montană	IATAN et al. (2016)
Vâlcea County ⓘ Costeşti	Udubaªa et al. (2006) +1 other reference

Russia (TL)
Altai Krai Zmeinogorsky District ⓘ Zmeinogorsk Mine (Zmyeinogorsk Mine) (TL)	Barton et al. (1978) +2 other references
Bashkortostan Uchalinsky District ⓘ Uchaly Cu-Zn deposit	Vikentyev (2015) +1 other reference
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Anadyrsky District ⓘ Kupol deposit	Savva et al. (2012)
ⓘ Valunisty deposit	Zhuravkova et al. (2019)
Iultinsky District Iultinsky Mining Complex ⓘ Svetloe Mine (Svetloye Mine)	Сереткин et al. (2013)
Okhotsk-Chukotka belt ⓘ Corrida deposit	Kolova et al. (2021)
Kamchatka Krai Bystrinsky District Central Kamchatka mining district ⓘ Aginskoe Au deposit (Aginskoye deposit)	Bortnikov et al. (2023)
Baranyevskoe ore field ⓘ Baranyevskoe deposit	Tolstykh et al. (2021) +1 other reference
Zolotoe ore field ⓘ Kungurcevskoe deposit	Bortnikov et al. (2023)
Koryak Okrug Karaginsky District ⓘ Evevpenta ore occurrence	Zhegunov et al. (2022) +2 other references
ⓘ Central deposit	Zhegunov et al. (2025)
ⓘ Northern deposit	Zhegunov et al. (2025)
Maletoyvayam ore field ⓘ Gaching occurrence	Tolstykh et al. (2023) +1 other reference
Yelizovsky District ⓘ Asachinskoe deposit	Kostin (2021) +1 other reference
ⓘ Rodnikovoe	Tolstykh et al. (2022) +1 other reference
Khabarovsk Krai Okhotsky District Svetloye epithermal district ⓘ Emmy deposit	Левочская et al. (2021)
Krasnoyarsk Krai Sharypovsky district ⓘ Goryachegorsk massif	Pal'yanova et al. (2015)
Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula ⓘ Konechnoe ore cluster	Proskurnin et al. (2011, December)
ⓘ Konechnoe deposit	Proskurnin et al. (2011, December)
Magadan Oblast Khasynsky District Agan ore field ⓘ Agan deposit	Volkov et al. (2015)
Omsukchansky District Engteri ore cluster ⓘ Dzhulietta deposit	Пальянова et al. (2016)
ⓘ Julietta deposit	Palyanova et al. (2016) +1 other reference
ⓘ Tikhoe deposit	Volkov et al. (2016)
Primorskoe deposit ⓘ Teplyi	Savva et al. (2019)
ⓘ Teploe deposit	Volkov et al. (2018)
ⓘ Platsdarm deposit	Litvinenko Ivan Stepanovych (2020)
Severo-Evensky District ⓘ Birkachan deposit	Volkov et al. (2023)
ⓘ Burgali deposit	Volkov et al. (2021)
ⓘ Kvartsevaya Sopka deposit	Tauson et al. (2017)
ⓘ Nevenrekan Deposit	Priymenko et al. (2020) +1 other reference
Srednekansky District ⓘ Ol’cha gold-silver deposit	Сереткин et al. (2013)
Susumansky District ⓘ Dorozhnoye deposit	Savva et al. (2014)
ⓘ Svetloye deposit	Сереткин et al. (2013)
ⓘ Ulakhan deposit	Savva et al. (2007)
ⓘ Yunoe deposit	Pal’yanova et al. (2009)
Murmansk Oblast Voron'i Tundry ⓘ Oleninskoye gold deposity	A. A. Kalinin et al. (2016)
Orenburg Oblast Gaysky District ⓘ Gayskoe Zn-Cu deposit (Gayskoye; Gaiskoye)	Sergeyev N.B. et al. (1996)
Republic of Karelia Pitkyarantsky District ⓘ Yanisjoki deposit	Лавров (2021)
Sakha Aldan Ryabinovskoe Cu-Au deposit ⓘ Muscovitovyi area	Kondratieva et al. (2021)
ⓘ Novyi area	Kondratieva et al. (2021)
Aldansky District Spokoininsky ore cluster ⓘ Spokoinoe ore field	Kondratieva et al. (2023)
Sverdlovsk Oblast ⓘ Novy Shemur Massif	Safina
Tuva ⓘ Khopto deposit	Gas’kov et al. (2006)
Sut-Kholsky District ⓘ Aryskanskoye deposit	R. V. Kuzhuget et al. (2017)
Todzhinsky District ⓘ Kyzyk-Chadr Cu deposit	Kuzhuget et al. (2025) +1 other reference
Zabaykalsky Krai ⓘ Taseyevskoye Au deposit	Юргенсон (2022)
Tungokochensky District Vershino-Darasunskiy ⓘ Darasun mine	Эпова et al. (2025)

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Banská Štiavnica District Banská Belá ⓘ Banská Belá Au-Ag deposit	Berkh et al. (2014)
Žarnovica District Hodruša-Hámre ⓘ Hodruša-Hámre mines	Majzlan (2009) +1 other reference
ⓘ Finsterort vein	Vlasáč et al. (2021)
ⓘ Kopanice	Berkh et al. (2014)
ⓘ Rabenstein	Majzlan (2009)
ⓘ Rozália Mine	Chovan et al. (2016) +2 other references
Nová Baňa ⓘ Nová Baňa deposit	Majzlan et al. (2018) +1 other reference
ⓘ Šibeničný vrch	Vlasáč et al. (2025) +1 other reference
Rudno nad Hronom ⓘ Rudno nad Hronom-Brehy deposit	Vlasáč et al. (2021) +1 other reference
Žiar nad Hronom District Kremnica ⓘ Kremnica Au-Ag deposit	Števko et al. (2018)
ⓘ Vyhne	Vlasáč et al. (2021)
Nitra Region Levice District ⓘ Pukanec	Mikuš et al. (2026)

South Korea
South Jeolla Province Jindo County Gasado Island ⓘ Gasado Mine	고영진 (2021) +1 other reference

Tajikistan
Sughd Ghafurov District Adrasmon (Adrasman) East Karamazar ore district ⓘ Aktash deposit	Yatimov et al. (2022)

Turkey
Balikesir Province Sındırgı District ⓘ Kiziltepe deposit	Blanks et al. (2014)

USA
Arizona Cochise County Dos Cabezas Mountains Dos Cabezas Mining District (Two Heads Mining District) ⓘ Comstock Mine	Anthony et al. (1995)
California San Bernardino County Ivanpah Mining District Ivanpah Mountains Kessler Peak ⓘ Morning Star Mine	Ronald Wynn Sheets et al. (1995)
Colorado Mineral County Creede Mining District ⓘ Equity Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ North Amethyst vein	Foley +4 other references
Idaho Valley County ⓘ Thunder Mountain Mining District ?	Leonard et al. (1987)
Montana Lewis and Clark County Seven-Up Pete Mining District ⓘ McDonald Meadows Occurrence	Szarkowski (2019)
Silver Bow County Butte Mining District (Summit Valley Mining District) Walkerville ⓘ Marget Ann Mine	Tiffany Ostenburg (2022)
Nevada Elko County Ivanhoe Mining District ⓘ Hollister deposit (Ivanhoe/USX; Butte; Velvet; Clementine)	Cain et al. (2007)
Pequop Mining District ⓘ Long Canyon Deposit	Smith et al. (2013)
Humboldt County Osgood Mountains Potosi Mining District Adam Peak ⓘ Getchell Mine	Bowell et al. (1999) +1 other reference
Lander County Lewis Mining District ⓘ Dean Mine (Cumberland mine)	Castor et al. (2004)
Nye County Bruner Mining District Phonolite ⓘ Bruner Mine	Baldwin (2014)
Bullfrog Hills ⓘ Bullfrog Mining District	Castor et al. (1993)
ⓘ Bullfrog Mine (Original Bullfrog Mine)	Castor et al. (1993)
ⓘ Lac Bullfrog Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
ⓘ New Bullfrog Mine	Robinson et al. (1992) +1 other reference
Rhyolite ⓘ Bullfrog Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Tolicha Mining District Tolicha Peak Landmark-Life Preserver group ⓘ Life Preserver Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Storey County ⓘ Comstock Mining District (TL)	DeMouthe (1985)
Virginia City ⓘ C and C Mine	Forrest Cureton
ⓘ Comstock Lode	Basciano et al. (2010)
Washington Ferry County Republic Mining District ⓘ Knob Hill Mine	Cannon (1991)

Uzbekistan
Tashkent Region Ohangaron District ⓘ Kairagach Au deposit	Eleonora A. Dunin-Barkovskaya et al. (2005)
ⓘ Kockbulak mine (Kochbulak Au-Ag-Te deposit)	GEOCHMISTRY +1 other reference

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