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Jalpaite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Jalpaite (36)Discuss Jalpaite

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Jalpaite

Jalpa, Jalpa Municipality, Zacatecas, Mexico

Jalpaite, etc.

San Giovanni Mine, Bindua, Iglesias, South Sardinia Province, Sardinia, Italy

Jalpaite, etc.

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Jalpaite

Jalpa, Jalpa Municipality, Zacatecas, Mexico

Jalpaite, etc.

San Giovanni Mine, Bindua, Iglesias, South Sardinia Province, Sardinia, Italy

Jalpaite, etc.

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Jalpaite

Jalpa, Jalpa Municipality, Zacatecas, Mexico

Jalpaite, etc.

San Giovanni Mine, Bindua, Iglesias, South Sardinia Province, Sardinia, Italy

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About JalpaiteHide

Formula:

Ag₃CuS₂

Colour:

Gray or dark gray

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

2 - 2½

Specific Gravity:

6.82 - 6.85

Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Name:

Named for the type locality at Jalpa (Mexico).

Type Locality:

ⓘ Leonera Mine, Jalpa, Jalpa Municipality, Zacatecas, Mexico

This page provides mineralogical data about Jalpaite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2069

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2069:1

IMA Classification of JalpaiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Ag¹⁺₃Cu¹⁺S^2-₂

First published:

1858

Type description reference:

Berg- und hüttenm. Zeitung (1858) 17, 85-86

Classification of JalpaiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.BA.45

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
A : With Cu, Ag, Au

Dana 8th ed.:

2.4.4.1

2 : SULFIDES
4 : A_mB_nX_p, with (m+n):p = 2:1

Hey's CIM Ref.:

3.2.12

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
2 : Sulphides etc. of Ag

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Jal	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of JalpaiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Gray or dark gray

Comment:

tarnishes lustrous dark gray, locally to a chalcopyritelike iridescence

Streak:

Black

Hardness:

2 - 2½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=22.8 - 29.7 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Sectile

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
Prismatic

Fracture:

Sub-Conchoidal

Density:

6.82 - 6.85 g/cm³ (Measured) 6.827 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of JalpaiteHide

Anisotropism:

Distinct, in greenish blues and pale green

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)	R₂ (%)
400nm	33.5%	34.6%
420nm	34.4%	34.9%
440nm	35.1%	34.8%
460nm	35.4%	34.2%
480nm	35.2%	33.4%
500nm	34.4%	32.8%
520nm	33.7%	32.4%
540nm	33.0%	31.9%
560nm	32.4%	31.3%
580nm	31.9%	30.8%
600nm	31.4%	30.5%
620nm	30.9%	30.4%
640nm	30.4%	30.1%
660nm	29.9%	29.9%
680nm	29.5%	29.5%
700nm	29.0%	29.0%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 35.4%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

pale gray with bluish tint

Pleochroism:

Visible

Comments:

Distinct in oil, brownish gray to pure gray

Chemistry of JalpaiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Ag₃CuS₂

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Ag	71.708 %
S	14.211 %
Cu	14.081 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Ag, Cu, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Crystallography of JalpaiteHide

Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Class (H-M):

4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal

Space Group:

I4₁/amd

Setting:

I4₁/amd

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.663(1) Å, c = 11.743(1) Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 1.356

Unit Cell V:

881.28 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

coarse, irregular and foliated masses, to 5 cm

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0012059	Jalpaite	Baker C L, Lincoln F J, Johnson W S (1992) Crystal structure determination of Ag3CuS2 from powder X-ray diffraction data Australian Journal of Chemistry 45 1441-1449		1992	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Jalpaite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Baker C L'
'Lincoln F J'
'Johnson W S'
_journal_name_full 'Australian Journal of Chemistry'
_journal_volume 45 
_journal_year 1992
_journal_page_first 1441
_journal_page_last 1449
_publ_section_title
;
 Crystal structure determination of Ag3CuS2 from powder X-ray diffraction data
;
_database_code_amcsd 0012059
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ag3 Cu S2'
_cell_length_a 8.6705
_cell_length_b 8.6705
_cell_length_c 11.7573
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 883.885
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      6.783
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'I 41/a m d'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  '1/4-y,3/4-x,1/4+z'
  '3/4-y,1/4-x,3/4+z'
  '1/4+y,3/4+x,1/4-z'
  '3/4+y,1/4+x,3/4-z'
  '1/4+y,3/4-x,1/4-z'
  '3/4+y,1/4-x,3/4-z'
  '1/4-y,3/4+x,1/4+z'
  '3/4-y,1/4+x,3/4+z'
  '1/2+x,-y,1/2+z'
  '+x,1/2-y,+z'
  '1/2-x,y,1/2-z'
  '-x,1/2+y,-z'
  '1/2+x,y,1/2-z'
  '+x,1/2+y,-z'
  '1/2-x,-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,1/2-y,+z'
  '1/4+y,1/4+x,3/4+z'
  '3/4+y,3/4+x,1/4+z'
  '1/4-y,1/4-x,3/4-z'
  '3/4-y,3/4-x,1/4-z'
  '1/4-y,1/4+x,3/4-z'
  '3/4-y,3/4+x,1/4-z'
  '1/4+y,1/4-x,3/4+z'
  '3/4+y,3/4-x,1/4+z'
  '-x,y,z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  'x,-y,-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Ag1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.02406
Ag2  -0.31190  -0.06190   0.87500   0.02153
Cu   0.00000   0.25000   0.53470   0.00633
S   0.00000  -0.00100  -0.21250 ?

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.345 Å	(100)
2.794 Å	(90)
2.740 Å	(80)
2.422 Å	(80)
2.114 Å	(70)
4.298 Å	(60)
2.006 Å	(60)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of JalpaiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Leonera Mine, Jalpa, Jalpa Municipality, Zacatecas, Mexico

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany, 4705; National School of Mines, Paris, France

Reference:

Berg- und hüttenm. Zeitung (1858) 17, 85-86

Other Language Names for JalpaiteHide

Dutch:Jalpaiet

German:Jalpait

Simplified Chinese:辉铜银矿

Spanish:Jalpaita

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

31 photos of Jalpaite associated with Native Silver	Ag
23 photos of Jalpaite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
19 photos of Jalpaite associated with Stromeyerite	AgCuS
19 photos of Jalpaite associated with Sphalerite	ZnS
14 photos of Jalpaite associated with Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
8 photos of Jalpaite associated with Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
6 photos of Jalpaite associated with Iodargyrite	AgI
6 photos of Jalpaite associated with Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
3 photos of Jalpaite associated with Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
3 photos of Jalpaite associated with Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)As₄S₁₂S

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.BA.	Makotoite	Ag₁₂(Cu₃Au)S₈	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
2.BA.	Alburnite	Ag₈GeTe₂S₄	Iso.
2.BA.	Dzierżanowskite	CaCu₂S₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
2.BA.	Xuwenyuanite	Ag₉Fe³⁺Te₂S₄	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.BA.	'Orileyite'	(Fe,Cu)₂As
2.BA.	Juxingite	Bi₆Cu⁺₁₃₈Cu²⁺₂Fe³⁺₃₀S₁₂₅	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.BA.05	Djurleite	Cu₃₁S₁₆	Mon. 2/m
2.BA.05	Geerite	Cu₈S₅	Trig. 3
2.BA.05	Roxbyite	Cu₅₈S₃₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.BA.05	Chalcocite	Cu₂S	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.BA.10	Digenite	Cu₉S₅	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.BA.10	Anilite	Cu₇S₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.BA.15	Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
2.BA.20	Bellidoite	Cu₂Se	Tet. 4/m : P4₂/n
2.BA.20	Berzelianite	Cu_2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.BA.25	Athabascaite	Cu₅Se₄	Orth.
2.BA.25	Umangite	Cu₃Se₂	Tet. 42m : P42₁m
2.BA.30	Rickardite	Cu₇Te₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmn
2.BA.30	Weissite	Cu_2-xTe	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm
2.BA.35	Acanthite	Ag₂S	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.BA.35	Spryite	Ag₈(As³⁺_0.5As⁵⁺_0.5)S₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.BA.40d	'UM2003-13-S:AgAuCu'	Ag₆AuCu₂S₅
2.BA.40	Mckinstryite	Ag_5-xCu_3+xS₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.BA.40	Stromeyerite	AgCuS	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.BA.42	Honeaite	Au₃TlTe₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcm
2.BA.45	Selenojalpaite	Ag₃CuSe₂	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
2.BA.45	Kurilite	Ag₈Te₃Se	Trig. 3 : R3
2.BA.47	Spiridonovite	(Cu_1-xAg_x)₂Te	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3c1
2.BA.50	Wuyanzhiite	Cu₂S	Tet. 422 : P4₃2₁2
2.BA.50	Eucairite	AgCuSe	Orth.
2.BA.52	'Argentite'	Ag₂S	Iso.
2.BA.55	Naumannite	Ag₂Se	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
2.BA.55	Aguilarite	Ag₄SeS	Mon. 2/m
2.BA.60	Chenguodaite	Ag₉Fe³⁺Te₂S₄	Orth.
2.BA.60	Hessite	Ag₂Te	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.BA.60	Cervelleite	Ag₄TeS	Mon. 2/m
2.BA.65	Henryite	(Cu,Ag)_3+xTe₂ , with x ~ 0.40	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3c
2.BA.65	Stützite	Ag_5-xTe₃, x = 0.24-0.36	Hex. 6 : P6
2.BA.70	Argyrodite	Ag₈GeS₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.BA.70	Putzite	(Cu_4.7Ag_3.3)GeS₆	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.BA.70	Canfieldite	Ag₈SnS₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.BA.75	Fischesserite	Ag₃AuSe₂	Iso. 432 : I4₁32
2.BA.75	Uytenbogaardtite	Ag₃AuS₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
2.BA.75	Penzhinite	(Ag,Cu)₄Au(S,Se)₄	Hex. 622 : P6₃22
2.BA.75	Petrovskaite	AuAgS	Mon.
2.BA.75	Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂	Iso. 432 : I4₁32
2.BA.80	Bezsmertnovite	(Au,Ag)₄Cu(Te,Pb)	Orth.
2.BA.80	Bilibinskite	PbCu₂Au₃Te₂	Iso.
2.BA.80	Bogdanovite	(Au,Te,Pb)₃(Cu,Fe)	Iso.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for JalpaiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-2069.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for JalpaiteHide

Reference List:

Berg- und hüttenm. Zeitung (1858) 17, 85-86

Kalb, G., Bendig, M. (1924) Erzmikroskopische Untersuchung der Mineralreihe Silberglanz-Kupferglanz (Chalcographic examination of the mineral series argentite-chalcocite). Centr. Min. Geol.: 516.

Foshag, W.F. (1926) Redefinition of Species. American Mineralogist, 11 (9). 254

Schwartz, George Melvin (1935) Relations of chalcocite-stromeyerite-argentite. Economic Geology, 30 (2) 128-146 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.30.2.128

Claringbull, G.F. (1953) Mineralogical Society (London). American Mineralogist: 38: 734-737.

Suhr, Norman (1955) The Ag2S-Cu2S system. Economic Geology, 50 (3). 347-350 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.50.3.347

Djurle, Seved, Sørensen, P., Stenhagen, Einar, Hartiala, K., Veige, S., Diczfalusy, E. (1958) An X-Ray Study on the System Ag-Cu-S. Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 12. 1427-1436 doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.12-1427

Skinner, Brian John (1966) The system Cu-Ag-S. Economic Geology, 61 (1) 1-26 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.61.1.1

Johan, Z. (1967) Jalpaite, Ag1.55Cu0.45S. Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica (1967): 113-122. (in French)

Fleischer, Michael (1968) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 53 (9-10) 1775-1780 p.1778

Grybeck, Donald, Finney, J. J. (1968) New occurrences and data for jalpaite. American Mineralogist, 53 (9-10) 1530-1542

Baker, C.L.; Lincoln, F.J.; Johnson, A.W.S. (1992) Crystal Structure Determination of Ag3CuS2 From Powder X-Ray Diffraction Data. Australian Journal of Chemistry, 45 (9). 1441-1449 doi:10.1071/ch9921441

Hu, J.Q, Deng, B, Zhang, W.X, Tang, K.B, Qian, Y.T (2001) A convenient hydrothermal route to mineral Ag3CuS2 nanorods. International Journal of Inorganic Materials, 3 (7) 639-642 doi:10.1016/s1466-6049(01)00163-5

(2005) Jalpaite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Asadov, Yu. G., Alyev, Yu. I., Jafarov, K. M. (2008) X-ray diffraction study of compounds in the Ag2S-Cu2S system. Inorganic Materials, 44 (5) 460-466 doi:10.1134/s0020168508050051

Trots, D M, Senyshyn, A, Mikhailova, D A, Vad, T, Fuess, H (2008) Phase transitions in jalpaite, Ag₃CuS₂. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 20 (45). 455204 doi:10.1088/0953-8984/20/45/455204

TOKUHARA, Yoshimi, TEZUKA, Keitaro, SHAN, Yue Jin, IMOTO, Hideo (2009) Syntheses of complex sulfides AgCuS and Ag3CuS2 from the elements under hydrothermal conditions. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 117 (1363) 359-362 doi:10.2109/jcersj2.117.359

Localities for JalpaiteHide

Showing 179 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.



Argentina
Catamarca Province Belén Department Hualfín ⓘ La Blende deposit	Márquez-Zavalía et al. (2016)
Santa Cruz Province Deseado Department ⓘ Cerro Moro deposit	Mugas Lobos et al. (2020)
Lago Buenos Aires Department Sascha Project ⓘ Pelligrini prospect	Smith (2009)

Australia
New South Wales Buller Co. ⓘ Drake district	Quan et al. (2025)
ⓘ White Rock Mine (Silver Queen mine)	Quan et al. (2025)
ⓘ White Rock north prospect	Quan et al. (2025)
Drake Co. Drake ⓘ Lady Hampden Pit (Lady Hampden Mine)	Henley et al. (2001)
Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district Broken Hill ⓘ Broken Hill Proprietary Mine	Ramdohr (1950)
South Australia Pastoral Unincorporated Area Buckleboo Station ⓘ Paris silver deposit	Paul +1 other reference
Tasmania West Coast municipality Queenstown district Queenstown ⓘ Mount Lyell Mines	Ralph Bottrill et al in prep. +1 other reference
ⓘ Iron Blow Mine	Bottrill et al. (2008)
ⓘ Prince Lyell Mine	Bottrill et al. (2008)
Western Australia City of Karratha Karratha ⓘ Elizabeth Hill Mine (Elizabeth Hills Mine; Elizabeth Hill Silver mine)	Mössinger et al. (2026)
Exmouth Shire ⓘ Rapid shipwreck	MacLeod (1991)
Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire Kalgoorlie-Boulder Boorara ⓘ Nimbus Discovery Mine	I. R. Mulholland et al. (1998) +1 other reference

Austria
Carinthia Spittal an der Drau District Flattach Innerfragant ⓘ Großfragant copper mines ?
ⓘ Göttliche Vorsehung adit ?

Bolivia
Oruro Poopó Province ⓘ Poopó	Torres et al. (2019)
Potosí Chayanta Province Colquechaca Municipality ⓘ Colquechaca	Dr. Werner Paar analyses
Sud Lípez Province Buena Vista ⓘ Buena Vista Mine (San Juan Mine)	USGS Bulletin # 1975
Tomás Frías Province Potosí (Potosí Municipality) Serranía Huarihuari ⓘ Anton Bravo Mine (Anton Bravo vein)	Torró et al. (2019)

Canada
Northwest Territories Great Slave Lake East Arm area ⓘ Aristifats Lake ?	Blackadar (1981)
North Slave Region Great Bear Lake ⓘ Port Radium District	Lang (1952) +1 other reference
ⓘ Echo Bay Mine (Cross Fault shaft)	Lang (1952)
Eldorado Mine ⓘ No. 1 Shaft (Port Radium mine)	Lang (1952)
Québec Nord-du-Québec Jamésie Baie-James ⓘ Selbaie mine (Detour mine)	Economic Geology (1996)

Chile
Atacama Copiapó Province Tierra Amarilla Pabellón Sierra Jardín ⓘ El Jardín mine	Lortie et al. (1987)

China
Anhui ⓘ Tongling	Cai et al. (2009)
Guangdong Yunfu Yuncheng District ⓘ Chadong Ag-Au deposit	Jiarong Pan and Yangzhong Yu (2013)
Zhanjiang Lianjiang Co. ⓘ Pangxidong-Jinshan Ag-Au deposit	Zuwei Wang and Yongzhang Zhou (2002)
Heilongjiang Qitaihe Boli Co. ⓘ Jiefanggou Au deposit	Enguang Zang et al. (2009)
Henan Luoyang Luoning County ⓘ Tieluping ore field	Tian et al. (2023) +1 other reference
ⓘ Haopinggou Mine	Tian et al. (2026)
ⓘ Shagou Mine (Shagouxi Mine)	Zhanke Li et al. (2010)
Nanyang Tongbai County Weishancheng ore field ⓘ Poshan Mine	Diankai Chen and Danshen Zhou (1984) +1 other reference
ⓘ Yindongpo Mine	Diankai Chen and Danshen Zhou (1984) +1 other reference
Hubei Huangshi Yangxin Co. ⓘ Chimashan Mine	Shuchu Ji and Yafu Wang (1991)
Shiyan Yun Co. ⓘ Xujiapo Au-Ag-Te deposit	Dongbo Wang et al. (1991)
Zhushan Co. ⓘ Yindonggou Mine (Yindonggou deposit)	Shihe Lei et al. (1998)
Hunan Chenzhou Yizhang Co. Dongpo ore field ⓘ Shizhuyuan Mine	Tian et al. (2026)
Huaihua Tongdao Co. ⓘ Chaxi Au deposit	Song et al. (2025)
Inner Mongolia Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture) Bairin Left Banner (Balin Zuoqi) ⓘ Aonaodaba Sn-Cu-Ag deposit	Dequan Zhang (1993)
Hexigten Banner (Keshiketeng Co.) ⓘ Youfangxi Ag-polymetallic deposit	Zengyao Lü et al. (2004)
Linxi County ⓘ Dajing Sn-Cu-polymetallic deposit	Weining Zhou (1994)
Ongniud Banner (Wengniute Co.) ⓘ Erbahuo Mine	Zengyao Lü et al. (2004)
Hulunbuir City (Hulunbei'er Prefecture) New Barag Right Banner (Xin Barag Youqi) ⓘ Eren Tolgoi Ag-Au deposit (Erentaoleigai Ag-Au deposit; Erentaolegai Ag-Au deposit)	Libo Hao et al. (1994) +1 other reference
Ulanqab City (Wulanchabu Prefecture) Zhuozi County ⓘ Liqingdi Pb-Zn-Ag deposit	Wang Chen et al. (2006)
Jiangxi Yichun Yuanzhou District ⓘ Wubaoshan Co deposit	Wang et al. (2024)
Jilin Siping Lishu County ⓘ Shanmen Ag-(Au) deposit (Siping Ag-(Au) deposit)	Liyan Zhang and Jigang Tang (1996)
Yanbian Chaoxianzu Yanji City ⓘ Duhuangling Au deposit	Dianyu Zhou et al. (2007)
Qinghai Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Qilian Co. Guomisi-Gadaban ore field ⓘ Wanyanghe Cu-Pb-Zn-polymetallic deposit	Kai Zhang and Yongdong Shi (2000)
Shandong Yantai Qixia City ⓘ Hulukuang Ag-Pb deposit	Jianjun Hao et al. (2001)
Zhaoyuan City ⓘ Funan Au deposit (Bunan)	Gu et al. (2003)
Shanxi Datong Lingqiu County ⓘ Diaoquan Cu-Ag deposit	Shaozhi Zhou (1999)
ⓘ Zhijiadi Mine	Xiumei Xiao (1992) +2 other references
Xinjiang Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Altay Prefecture (Aletai Prefecture) Habahe Co. (Kaba Co.; Qaba Co.) ⓘ Ashele Cu-Zn deposit (Ashelei Cu-Zn deposit)	Jiaxin Teng and Qingming Wang (2006)
Yunnan Zhaotong Ludian County ⓘ Lemachang Ag-(Pb-Zn) deposit	Yunman Zhou (1999)
Zhejiang Lishui Suichang County Suichang gold mine ⓘ Zhilingtou Au-Ag deposit	Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1985) +1 other reference

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Benešov District ⓘ Hříva deposit	Pauliš et al. (2022)
Kutná Hora District ⓘ Oselské pásmo Lode	Pažout et al. (2026)
Příbram District Příbram Bohutín Bohutín deposit ⓘ Řimbaba Mine	Anthony et al. (1990)
Březové Hory Březové Hory deposit Anna Mine ⓘ Václav Vein	Dolníček et al. (2024)
Brod Uranium Mine No. 6 (Shaft No. 6) ⓘ B117 hydrothermal vein	Sejkora et al. (2024)
Vrančice ⓘ Alexander Mine	Kohout et al. (1995)
ⓘ Pošepny vein	Šulcová et al. (1986)
Ústí nad Labem Region Teplice District Moldava ⓘ Moldava deposit	Sejkora (1994)

El Salvador
Morazán Department El Divisadero ⓘ Monte Cristo Mine	Müller-Kahle (1962)

Europe
ⓘ Sedmochislenitsi Mine (Sedmocislenici Mine)	tin.er.usgs.gov (n.d.) +3 other references

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Haute-Loire Brioude Ferrussac ⓘ Unnamed barite vein	Pélisson (1989)
Mazerat-Aurouze Aurouze ⓘ Le Grand Filon (Le Chevalet vein)	Pélisson (1989)
ⓘ Les Anciens vein	Pélisson (1989)
Paulhac ⓘ Les Chanterelles	Pélisson (1989)
New Caledonia Northern Province Ouégoa ⓘ Mérétrice Mine	Briggs (1975)
Occitanie Aude Carcassonne Fournes-Cabardès ⓘ Les Barreins	Anthony et al. (1990)

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Blaß et al. (1996) +2 other references
Hesse Darmstadt Darmstadt-Dieburg Mühltal Nieder-Beerbach ⓘ Glasberg quarry	Nickel et al. (1985)
Saxony-Anhalt ⓘ Mansfeld Basin	Wittern (2001)

Hungary
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Gönc District Telkibánya ⓘ Jó Hill	Szakáll & Weiszburg: Topographia ...

Indonesia
South Sulawesi Province Gowa Regency ⓘ Baturappe prospect	Nur et al. (2012)

Iran
Isfahan Province Ardestan County ⓘ Rahimabad Cu (Ag) deposit	Barati et al. (2024)
Kerman Province Shahr-e Babak County Shahr-e Babak ⓘ Chah-Mesi epithermal vein deposit	Altenberger et al. (2022)

Ireland
Leinster Kilkenny County Johnstown ⓘ Galmoy Mine	John R. Sullivan et al (2005)
Longford County Ballymahon Keel ⓘ Garrycam deposit (Keel Mine)	Patterson (1970) +4 other references

Italy
Lombardy Varese Province Cuasso al Monte Cavagnano ⓘ Puricelli Quarry	Gentile et al. (2023)
Valganna Boarezzo ⓘ Boarezzo Mine (Pradisci prospect; Rio Carpane prospect)	Orlandi P. & Silvani A (1994)
Sardinia Nuoro Province Gadoni ⓘ Funtana Raminosa Mine	Stara et al. (1999)
ⓘ Sarrabus	- (n.d.)
South Sardinia Province Iglesias Bindua ⓘ San Giovanni Mine	Fiori (1998) +1 other reference

Japan
Hokkaidō Prefecture Ishikari Subprefecture Chitose City ⓘ Koryu mine (Kohryu mine)	Shimizu et al. (1998)
Hyogo Prefecture Kawabe District Inagawa-cho ⓘ Tada mine (Tada-gin-douzan; Tada-ginzan; Tada silver-copper mine) ?	Imai et al. (1972) +2 other references
Yabu City Oya-cho ⓘ Akenobe mine	FURUNO et al. (1992)
Niigata Prefecture Sado City ⓘ Sado mine	Taguchi et al. (1974)
Shimane Prefecture Ōda City ⓘ Iwami mine (Iwami-ginzan)	Akasaka (2007)
ⓘ Fukuishi deposit	Akasaka et al. (2007, August) +1 other reference

Kazakhstan
Pavlodar Region Bayanaul District ⓘ Maikain Au deposit	Baibatsha et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Turkistan Region Kentau ⓘ Mirgalimsay Mine	- (2005)

Malaysia
Sarawak Kuching Division Bau ⓘ Gunung Arong Bakit	Wolfram Dieter Schuh (1993)

Mexico
Chihuahua Chínipas Municipality Palmarejo ⓘ Guadalupe deposit	Sotelo (2016)
ⓘ Palmarejo Mine	Sotelo (2016)
Urique Municipality ⓘ La Mesa	Rick Turner.
Durango San Dimas Municipality Tayoltita ⓘ Tayoltita Mine	Conrad et al. (1992)
Guanajuato Guanajuato Municipality Guanajuato ⓘ Cata Mine (De Cata Mine)	Miguel Romero Collection
Jalisco Hostotipaquillo Municipality Hostotipaquillo ⓘ Mololoa Mine	Panczner (1987)
Nayarit Tepic Municipality ⓘ Tepic	Grybeck et al. (1968)
Zacatecas Jalpa Municipality Jalpa ⓘ Leonera Mine (TL)	Hoffay +2 other references

Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region Ouarzazate Province Ouarzazate Cercle Skoura Caïdat ⓘ Tagmout deposit	Moussaid et al. (2023)

Norway
Buskerud Kongsberg Overberget Mining Field ⓘ Gottes Hülfe in der Noth Mine	Lietz (1939) +1 other reference
ⓘ Kongens Mine	Lietz (1939) +1 other reference
ⓘ Kongsberg silver mining district	Kotková et al. (2018)
Nordland Hemnes Bleikvasslia ⓘ Bleikvassli Mine	Cook et al. (1998)

Peru
Ancash Bolognesi Province Huallanca District Huanzala ⓘ Huanzala Mine	Hyrsl et al. (2003)
Arequipa Caylloma Province ⓘ Caylloma Mine	www.sec.gov (n.d.)
Ayacucho Parinacochas Province ⓘ Pallancata deposit	Gamarra-Urrunaga et al. (2013)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship ⓘ Lubin–Głogów mining district	Piestrzyński et al. (2012)
Lubin County ⓘ Lubin	Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i ...
Polkowice County Gmina Radwanice Sieroszowice ⓘ Radwanice-Gaworzyce deposit	Chmielewski et al. (2022)

Portugal
Vila Real Sabrosa Souto Maior ⓘ Vinheiros Mine	Alves (2017)

Russia
Altai Krai ⓘ Strezhanskoe deposit	Eremin +3 other references
Zmeinogorsky District ⓘ Zmeinogorsk Mine (Zmyeinogorsk Mine)	Frank Keutsch collection analyzed ... +1 other reference
Bashkortostan Baymaksky District ⓘ Tashtau deposit	Maslennikov et al. (2013)
Chelyabinsk Oblast Verkhneuralsky District Uzelga VHMS deposits ⓘ Molodezhnoye deposit	Maslennikov et al. (2013)
Kamchatka Krai Bystrinsky District Central Kamchatka mining district Baranyevskoe ore field ⓘ Baranyevskoe deposit	Bortnikov et al. (2023)
Yelizovsky District ⓘ Rodnikovoe	[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180] +2 other references
Magadan Oblast Omsukchansky District Primorskoe deposit ⓘ Teplyi	Savva et al. (2019)
ⓘ Teploe deposit	Volkov et al. (2018)
Severo-Evensky District ⓘ Birkachan deposit	Volkov et al. (2023)
Srednekansky District ⓘ Ol’cha gold-silver deposit	Savva et al. (2011) +1 other reference
Primorsky Krai Ol’ga ore district ⓘ Shirokaya Pad	Kazachenko et al. (2008, August)
Republic of Karelia Pitkyarantsky District ⓘ Pitkyaranta mining district	Иващенко et al. (2015)
ⓘ Lupikko Mine	Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September)
Sakha Aldan Nimgerkansky ⓘ Granitnoye	Kondratieva et al. (2021) +5 other references
ⓘ Obman	Kondratieva et al. (2021)
Sverdlovsk Oblast Serovsky District Turya river Tur'insk ⓘ Vorontsovskoe deposit (Vorontsovsk gold deposit; Vorontsovka deposit)	Kasatkin et al. (2021)
Tuva Ovyursky District ⓘ Ulatayskoe Ag-Cu-Co occurrence	Sejkora et al. (2021)
Sut-Kholsky District Aldan-Maadyr ore cluster ⓘ Khaak-Sair occurrence	Kuzhuget et al. (2015)
Todzhinsky District ⓘ Kyzyk-Chadr Cu deposit	Shavekina et al. (2026)

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Žarnovica District Hodruša-Hámre Hodruša-Hámre mines ⓘ Rozália Mine	Chovan et al. (2016) +2 other references
Košice Region Trebišov District ⓘ Byšta	Koděra
Nitra Region Levice District ⓘ Pukanec	Mikuš et al. (2026)
Prešov Region Prešov District Zlatá Baňa ⓘ Zlatá Baňa deposit	Duda et. all.
ⓘ Base metal deposit	Ďuďa R. (2001)

South Africa
Limpopo Mopani District Municipality Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality Phalaborwa ⓘ Palabora Mine	Nikolay Rudashevsky et al (2001)

South Korea
South Jeolla Province Jindo County Gasado Island ⓘ Gasado Mine	Choi et al. (2005)

Sweden
Värmland County Grums Värmskog ⓘ Södra Gärdsjön Mines	Nysten

Turkey
Balikesir Province Sındırgı District ⓘ Kiziltepe deposit	Blanks et al. (2014)
Çanakkale Province Yenice District ⓘ Arapuçan deposit (Arapuçandere deposit; Kor Maden)	Çiçek et al. (2017)

USA
Alaska Juneau Admiralty Mining District ⓘ Greens Creek (Big Sore Mine)	Taylor
Arizona Cochise County ⓘ Bisbee	Graeme (1993)
ⓘ Campbell Mine	Graeme (1993) +1 other reference
Mohave County Black Mountains Oatman Mining District Gold Road Mining District ⓘ Moss Mine	Seitter et al. (2026)
Pinal County Mineral Mountain Mining District Reymert Canyon ⓘ Reymert Mine	Wilson (1984) +1 other reference
Colorado Boulder County Caribou Mining District Grand Island Caribou Mine group ⓘ Caribou Mine (Caribou shaft)	Foord et al. (1989) +1 other reference
ⓘ Potosi & Cross Mines	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ E. C. Hite Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
Ward Mining District ⓘ White Raven Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
Clear Creek County Georgetown District Illinois Mine ⓘ Payrock Mine	Grybeck et al. (1968) +1 other reference
Custer County Silver Cliff Mining District ⓘ Geyser Mine (Security - Geyser)	Grybeck et al. (1968) +1 other reference
Mineral County Creede Mining District ⓘ Bulldog Mountain Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ North Amethyst vein	Foley +4 other references
Park County Alma Mining District Alma ⓘ Hock Hocking Mine (Hock Hock)	Raabe et al. (1984) +1 other reference
Summit County Argentine Mining District Peru Creek area ⓘ Winning Card (American Eagle; Eliza Jane)	Grybeck et al. (1968) +1 other reference
ⓘ Montezuma area	Eckel et al. (1997)
Montana Lewis and Clark County Marysville Mining District ⓘ Drumlummon Mine	Gearity (2013)
Silver Bow County Butte Mining District (Summit Valley Mining District) Walkerville ⓘ Marget Ann Mine	Gammons et al. (2016) +1 other reference
Nevada Elko County Ivanhoe Mining District ⓘ Hollister deposit (Ivanhoe/USX; Butte; Velvet; Clementine)	Cain et al. (2007)
Mineral County Rawhide Mining District ⓘ Rawhide Victor Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Storey County Comstock Mining District Virginia City Comstock Lode ⓘ Savage Mine (Savage and Hall Mine)	Vikre (1989) +1 other reference
ⓘ Yellow Jacket Mine	Vikre (1989) +1 other reference
New Mexico Catron County Mogollon Mountains ⓘ Mogollon Mining District	Haas (n.d.)
Grant County Big Burro Mountains Black Hawk Mining District ⓘ Twin Peaks	[Rocks & Minerals Vol 68 March/April ...
Sierra County Black Range ⓘ Chloride District (Apache District; Phillipsburg District; Black Range District)	Northrop et al. (1996)
Chloride Mining District Chloride ⓘ U.S. Treasury Mine	Northrop et al. (1996)
Utah Juab County Eureka ⓘ Centennial Eureka Mine	Roberts et al. (1997)
Utah County East Tintic Mining District ⓘ Burgin Mine	USGS Professional Paper 614-A +1 other reference
ⓘ Trixie Mine (Trixie shaft; Old Trump prospect)	Favreau (n.d.)
Washington Ferry County Republic Mining District ⓘ Knob Hill Mine	Cannon (1991)

Uzbekistan
Namangan Region ⓘ Chadak mine	Kozlov et al. (1996)
Tashkent Region Ohangaron District ⓘ Kairagach Au deposit	Kovalenker et al. (2003)

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Jalpaite

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