Fuchsite
A variety of Muscovite
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About Fuchsite
Formula:
K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2
Name:
Named in 1842 by Karl F. Emil von Schafhäutl in honour of Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs [May 15, 1774 Mattenzell, near Bremberg, Lower Bavaria, Germany - March 5, 1856 Munich, Germany] professor of chemistry and mineralogy at University of Landshut and curator of the mineral collection.
Greenish, Cr-bearing variety of muscovite (trivalent Cr replaces Al in the crystal structure). Note that trivalent V can also cause a greenish colour in muscovite (cf. vanadian muscovite, roscoelite).
Compare mariposite, a Cr-bearing phengite.
Originally reported from Schwarzenstein Mt., Zemmgrund, Ziller valley, North Tyrol, Tyrol, Austria.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Fuchsite.
Compare mariposite, a Cr-bearing phengite.
Originally reported from Schwarzenstein Mt., Zemmgrund, Ziller valley, North Tyrol, Tyrol, Austria.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Fuchsite.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1617 (as Fuchsite)
2815 (as Muscovite)
2815 (as Muscovite)
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1617:5 (as Fuchsite)
mindat:1:1:2815:4 (as Muscovite)
mindat:1:1:2815:4 (as Muscovite)
Similar Names
| Fucosite | A variety of 'Bitumen' ['Petroleum'] |
Pronunciation of Fuchsite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Chemistry of Fuchsite
Mindat Formula:
K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2
Element Weights:
Synonyms of Fuchsite
Other Language Names for Fuchsite
Varieties of Fuchsite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 145 photos of Fuchsite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 42 photos of Fuchsite associated with Glaucophane | ◻Na2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 33 photos of Fuchsite associated with Rutile | TiO2 |
| 33 photos of Fuchsite associated with Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| 27 photos of Fuchsite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 26 photos of Fuchsite associated with 'Ruby' | Al2O3 |
| 23 photos of Fuchsite associated with Corundum | Al2O3 |
| 16 photos of Fuchsite associated with Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 14 photos of Fuchsite associated with Native Gold | Au |
| 12 photos of Fuchsite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Radioactivity
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Fuchsite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Fuchsite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1617.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Fuchsite
Localities for Fuchsite
Showing 610 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Tarakanova et al. (2020) |
Argentina | |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry |
Armenia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Australia | |
| Brown et al. (1992) |
| Ryan (1961) |
| McColl et al. (1979) |
| Cumming G.V. & Bottrill (2020) |
| R Bottrill collection |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Brathwaite (1969) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Bottrill unpub. report |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| McAndrew et al. (1973) |
| Fetherston et al. (2013) |
| Steffen Robertson and Kirsten Pty Ltd (2004) |
| Mock et al. (1987) |
| Moly Metals Ltd (2012) | |
| Fetherston et al. (2013) | |
| mock (1987) |
| Huston et al. (2007) | |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Baensch (2000) |
| Allen et al. (2003) |
| Hollis et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Gray et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Butt (2003) | |
| Butt (2003) | |
| Butt (2003) | |
| Davis et al. (2010) |
| Eilu (2003) | |
| Eilu (2003) | |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Simon (2019) | |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Collins et al. (2012) |
| Balkau (2013) |
| Eilu (2003) |
| Eilu (2003) +2 other references | |
| www.portergeo.com.au.database (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Duuring et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Williams (1998) | |
| Froud (2014) |
| www.ore.com.au (2015) |
| Mock et al. (1987) |
| Clarke et al | |
| Clarke et al | |
| Clarke et al. (1916) | |
| Clarke et al | |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Clarke et al | |
| Clarke et al | |
| Clarke et al | |
| Clarke et al | |
| Clarke et al | |
| Clarke et al | |
| Eilu (2003) | |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Kim Macdonald |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Mock (1987) |
| Yilgarn Gold Limited (the report lists no date or author) |
| Wild Acre Metals Ltd (2012) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Geological Survey of Western Australia (1917) |
| gsa.confex.com (2002) |
| Lowe et al. (2007) |
| Lowe et al. (2007) | |
| Lowe et al. (2007) | |
| www.portergeo.com.au (2003) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Eilu (2003) | |
Austria | |
| Huber et al. (1977) +1 other reference |
| Auer et al. (2017) |
| Puttner (1985) |
| |
| Groß (1983) +1 other reference | |
| Puttner (1987) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| C.Auer (2017) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Puttner (1994) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Friedrich (1935) |
| Friedrich (1935) | |
| Canaval (1922) +1 other reference |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| |
| Hiden (1997) |
| Groß (1983) |
| C.Auer (2025) | |
| Exel (1993) +1 other reference |
| Kirchner (1977) +2 other references |
| Putz (2002) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Grolig et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Exel (1993) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) +1 other reference |
| De Bondt (n.d.) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Bojar (2021) |
| Kolitsch (2019) |
| C.Auer (2016) |
| Postl et al. (2008) |
| G.Gesselbauer (2020) |
| Tufar (1968) |
| Postl et al. (2019) |
| Lapis 8 (4) |
| www.markasit070752.ws24.cc (n.d.) |
| Aufschluss 1972 (SB) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| C.Auer (2025) |
| E. v. Schafhäutl: Ann. Chem. Pharm. (1843) |
| Mason (1976) | |
| Arthofer et al. (2026) |
Belgium | |
| Neutkens (2005) |
| Neutkens (2005) | |
| Klement (1888) +3 other references |
| Blondieau (2005) | |
Bolivia | |
| Kempff et al. (2003) |
Brazil | |
| Scarpelli et al. (2018) |
| Teixeira et al. (2001) |
| Wafforn (2023) | |
| Teixeira et al. (2001) | |
| Teixeira et al. (2001) | |
| Teixeira et al. (2001) |
| Teixeira et al. (2001) |
| Teixeira et al. (2001) | |
| Jost et al. (2001) |
| KUYUMJIAN (2000) |
| MAXWELL (1972) |
| Lobato et al. (2001) |
| Vanrusselt (2023) | |
| Lobato et al. (2001) |
| Horta de Cerqueira Viana et al. (2018) |
| Souza Neto et al. (2008) |
| Neto et al. (2008) | |
Bulgaria | |
| Dekov et al. (2009) |
| Kievlenko et al. (2003) | |
| - (2002) |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| S. L. Bailey et al. (2000) |
| Avino Silver & Gold Mines Ltd |
| personal correspondence with Giles ... |
| Richardson et al. (1996) |
| Neyedley et al. (2017) | |
| Phillips (1979) | |
| Phillips (1979) +1 other reference | |
| Phillips (1979) | |
| Phillips (1979) | |
| Phillips (1979) |
| Phillips (1979) |
| - (2022) +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Heidarian et al. (2025) | |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Owen et al. (2019) |
| MDI Number: MDI42C01NW00002 |
| MDI Number: MDI42A09SW00165 |
| Sabina (2000) |
| MDI Number: MDI42A09SE00018 |
| Sabina (2000) |
| Sabina (2000) |
| Bath (1990) | |
| Sabina (2000) |
| Geological Survey of Canada +2 other references | |
| Dinel (2008) |
| Schandl et al. (1993) |
| Kidd Operations | |
| Mielke (n.d.) |
| Schandl (2004) |
| Robert S. Penczak and Robert Mason (1997) +2 other references |
| www.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca (n.d.) |
| Sabina (1991) |
| Sabina (1963) |
| MDI Number: MDI41O09SE00005 |
| Harris et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| MDI Number: MDI42C14SE00005 |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Sabina (2003) | |
| Hicks (1990) |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Sabina (2003) | |
| Sabina (1974) +1 other reference | |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Sabina (2003) | |
| Sabina (2003) | |
| Mielke (n.d.) |
| Alamos Gold Inc | |
| Geraint Harris et al (2011) |
| SIGEOM systeme d'information geominiere ... | |
| Schofield et al. (2024) |
| Econ Geology (1993) |
| SIGEOM systeme d'information geominiere ... |
| Slater et al. (2026) | |
| Robichaud et al. (2011) |
| Choquette et al. (2023) | |
| Bouchard (2017) |
| Kennedy (2012) |
| Hulstein et al. (2011) |
China | |
| Peisheng Bao and Xibin Wang (1989) |
| Lixing Li et al. (2012) |
| Zhaoshan Chang et al. (2006) |
| Zhu et al. (2026) |
| Broili et al. (2010) | |
| Jingwen Mao et al. (2006) | |
| Jianhong Zhang et al. (1989) |
| Rock Currier (Jewel Tunnel Imports) |
| Hart et al. (2002) |
| Li et al. (2022) |
| Defeng Hui and Naiwu Zhu (2001) +1 other reference |
| Lin et al. (2026) |
| Runsheng Han et al. (2000) |
| Xueming Wang et al. (2002) +2 other references |
| Xingtai Li (1989) |
| 代鸿章 et al. (3) +1 other reference |
| Pengyun Zhao et al. (2007) |
| Yanjing Chen et al. (2005) |
| Mao et al. (2024) |
| Fengxian Jiang (2006) |
| Guangfu Zou and Ying Mao (2006) +1 other reference |
| Yan et al. (2023) |
| Hua Chen et al. (2010) |
| Xiao Huiliang et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Zhou et al. (2001) |
| Guangjun Yu and Ruyong Xie (1986) +3 other references |
| Li et al. (2019) |
| Bian Qiantao and She Hongquan (1998) | |
| Zheng +3 other references |
Colombia | |
| Pogue (1917) |
| Duque Alzate (2021) |
Cuba | |
| MACIZO METAMÓRFICO ESCAMBRAY. CUBA CENTRAL. CONTROLES Y USOS DE LOS MINERALES NO-METÁLICOS. Humberto Álvarez-Sánchez (1) +2 other references |
Czech Republic | |
| Litochleb et al. (2000) |
| Litochleb et al. (2000) |
| Zimák |
| Zimák et al. (2001) | |
| SEJKORA et al. (2026) |
Egypt | |
| Abdel‐Karim et al. (2018) |
| Grundmann et al. (1993) |
| Zoheir et al. (2014) |
| Zoheir (2011) |
Ethiopia | |
| Billay et al. (1997) |
Finland | |
| Kari A. Kinnunen (1995) |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2008 ... |
| Eilu (2003) |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2008 ... +1 other reference | |
| Eilu (2003) | |
| Kuikka (2018) |
| - (1947) | |
| Kuronen et al. (1997) |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2008. ... |
France | |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Chopin (1978) |
| Chopin (1978) |
| Christophe Boutry collection |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Gineste (1999) |
| Bariand et al. (n.d.) |
| J.P. FLOCH : le socle métamorphique du ... |
| J.P. FLOCH : le socle métamorphique du ... |
| Béziat et al. (1991) |
| |
| |
| LACROIX A: Mineralogie de la France et ... |
| LACROIX A: Mineralogie de la France et ... |
| Baret (1905) | |
| Baret (1905) | |
| Baret (1905) |
| Baret (1905) |
| Baret (1905) |
Germany | |
| Frank Schimak collection (EDS analysed by Dr. R. Milke, FU Berlin) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Dill et al. (2010) |
| Dill et al. (2010) |
| Blass et al. (2006) |
| Heider et al. (2022) |
Ghana | |
| - (1997) |
Greece | |
| Uwe Kolitsch (unpublished SEM-EDS analyses) |
| Petrascheck (1977) | |
| Uwe Kolitsch (unpublished SEM-EDS analyses) |
Greenland | |
| Frey (1982) |
| Petersen et al. (1993) |
Hungary | |
| Koch (1966) |
India | |
| T. C. Devaraju and K. S. Anantha Murthy (1978) |
| Ramakrishnan et al. (1975) | |
| Devaraju et al. (1999) +1 other reference | |
| www.conventus.de (n.d.) |
| Jing Li (1988) |
| Ravindra Kumar et al. (1989) |
| Kumar et al. (2008) |
Iran | |
| Aliyari et al. (2014) |
Ireland | |
| Max et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
| Duane (1988) |
Italy | |
| Dal Piaz (2004) |
| Pagani G. (1973) |
| Repossi (1904) +3 other references |
| A Borrelli collection |
| Leardi et al. (1985) |
| Exel (1987) |
| Dallegno (2019) |
| Betti et al. (2000) |
Japan | |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Alfredo Petrov specimens | |
| Petrov (n.d.) | |
| - (n.d.) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Filimonov et al (2005) |
| Palache et al. (1944) |
Kosovo | |
| Kluza et al. (2024) |
| Mederski et al. (2024) |
| Kluza et al. (2024) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Seltmann et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
Madagascar | |
| Thomas (2008) +1 other reference |
| Hyršl et al. (2015) | |
| Isatelle (2009) |
| Behier (1963) |
| Michel Arliguie collection & photo (photo id 899363 ) |
| Arliguie M collection (old sample) |
| Behier (1960) |
Malaysia | |
| Ariffin (2012) |
Mali | |
| Collected C Gineste 2011 +1 other reference |
Mauritania | |
| Marsh et al. (2015) |
Mexico | |
| Weydt et al. (2022) |
| Ortega-Gutierrez +2 other references |
Myanmar | |
| Sutherland et al. (2014) |
| Sutherland et al. (2014) | |
| Sutherland et al. (2014) |
| Sutherland et al. (2014) | |
| Sutherland et al. (2014) | |
| Sutherland et al. (2014) |
| Garnier et al. (2002) |
Nepal | |
| - (n.d.) |
New Zealand | |
| Craw et al. (1993) |
| Coleman et al. (Lime & Marble Ltd) |
| Challis et al. (1995) |
| Challis et al. (1995) +1 other reference | |
| Challis et al. (1995) | |
| Challis et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Challis et al. (1995) | |
| Challis et al. (1995) +3 other references | |
| Challis et al. (1995) | |
| Challis et al. (1995) | |
| GRAPES et al. (1996) |
| McClintock et al. (2010) | |
| Grapes (2022) |
Norway | |
| Oftedahl (1963) |
| Breivik (2001) |
| Garmo (2006) |
| Garmo (2007) | |
| Øivind Thoresen photo & specimen +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) |
| Bryhni (1964) |
| - (2016) |
| geo.ngu.no (n.d.) |
| Stuart Mills 17.11.2002 |
| Stuart Mills 17.11.2002 | |
| |
| P. Andresen collected 2003. |
| - (2017) +1 other reference |
| www.strahlen.org (n.d.) |
| Bryhni (1964) | |
| Bryhni (1964) |
| Bryhni (1964) |
| Bryhni (1964) |
| Garmo (2003) |
| Bryhni (1964) |
| Bryhni (1964) |
Oman | |
| Rajendran et al. (2013) |
Pakistan | |
| Blauwet et al. (2004) |
| Jose Zendrera Collection | |
| Jan et al. (1995) |
| Arif et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Kazmi et al. (1986) +2 other references |
| Kazmi et al. (1986) | |
Papua New Guinea | |
| K92 Mining |
Paraguay | |
| Geological Survey Professional Paper 327 (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1959) |
Peru | |
| Guido del Castillo (2004) |
Russia | |
| Zabotina M et al. (2014) |
| Doroshkevich et al. (2007) |
| Izvekova et al. (2021) |
| Damdinov et al. (2007) |
| Kolisnichenko et al. (2008) |
| Kissin et al. (2020) | |
| Korinevsky et al. (2022) |
| Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko data |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Moralev et al. (2005) | |
| www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com (2022) |
| Kiseleva et al. (2024) |
| Müller et al. (2012, January) |
| Abzalov et al. (1997) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Nikiforov (2019) |
| Bukanov (2006) | |
| Trunilina et al. (2021) |
| Baksheev et al. (2004) |
| Williams et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Kuzhuget et al. (2020) |
| Palyanova et al. (2018) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Lyubimtseva et al. (2018) |
Senegal | |
| Sylla et al. (2016) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1989) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Kiefer et al. (2020) +1 other reference | |
| Halahyjová-Andrusovová G. et al. (in Slovak) |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Grecula (1995) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Ďuda et al. (1996) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Ed Coogan specimens (Coogan Gold Company, California) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| Cairncross (2023) | |
| Cairncross (1991) +1 other reference |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| Oberthür et al. (2018) |
| [var: Verdite] Mason (1976) |
| Eilu (2003) +1 other reference |
| MUNYAI et al. (2011) | |
| Jones et al. (2022) | |
| Hu et al. (2026) | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Swiegers (1948) |
| PMPB Meulenbeld collection Photo ID: ... |
| Günther (2013) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
Spain | |
| José Miguel Sola specimens |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
| Hernández et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
Sudan | |
| Ahmed Khidir Yagoub () |
Sweden | |
| |
| Lindström et al. (2000) |
| Personal communication with geologists ... |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| |
| Graeser et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| Romani (2000) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Graeser et al. (1987) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Frey et al. (2008) | |
| 50. (in German) +1 other reference | |
| Kipfer (1974) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Ansermet et al. (2011) |
Tajikistan | |
| Litvinenko +9 other references |
| Kievlenko et al. (2003) | |
Tanzania | |
| Wilson et al. (2009) |
Turkey | |
| Aral (1989) |
| Petraschek (1967) |
UK | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1959 32 : ... |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Moles (2025) | |
| Dr Stephen Moreton collection. |
Ukraine | |
| Poliakovska et al. (2023) |
| L.Z.Skakun et al. (2006) |
| L.Z.Skakun et al. (2006) |
| L.Z.Skakun et al. (2006) | |
USA | |
| Steeves et al. (2016) |
| Cliff D. Taylor (April 2001) +1 other reference |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) | |
| - (2008) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Lindgren (1926) |
| Sharp (1959) +2 other references |
| Bailey (1941a) +1 other reference |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Irelan et al. (1890a) +1 other reference |
| Merriam et al. (1936) +2 other references |
| |
| Merriam et al. (1936) +1 other reference |
| Mineralogical Record (1996) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
| Weber et al. (1995) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:188 |
| Charlotte Gem & Mineral Club +1 other reference |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:203. |
| Cook (1978) |
| |
| |
| |
| Rocks & Min.: 21:274-275. |
| Bernstein (1976) |
| Pearre (1960) |
| Jat Thompson Collection | |
| Cristofono (n.d.) |
| Cristofono (n.d.) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Frey et al. (2008) |
| Frey et al. (2008) |
| Frey et al. (2008) | |
| Frey et al. (2008) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| AmMin 42:566 (1957) |
| AmMin 42:566-568 (1957) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| King et al. (1991) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Forsyth Gem and Mineral Club |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| Koschmann et al. (1968) |
| Wynn et al. (1984) |
| Roberts et al. (1965) |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996) |
| Grant |
| Mason (1976) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dr. Howard Heitner specimen |
| Rocks & Min.:60:168. |
| Pardee (1918) +2 other references |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +2 other references | |
| Greenberg |
| Cordua (1998) |
| Cordua (1998) |
| Personal Collection of Matthew Neuzil |
| W. Dan Hausel (1994) |
| Frank Karasti |
| Hausel et al. (2001) |
| Rocks & Minerals 77:5 pp334-339 |
| McGowan et al. (2026) | |
Vietnam | |
| Manaka et al. (2014) |
Zambia | |
| De Ascenção Guedes (2011) |
| MacIntyre (2019) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Schreyer (1988) |
| Cairncross (2020) |
| Sminia et al. (2006) |
Willis Mountain Mine, Sprouses Corner, Farmville Mining District, Buckingham County, Virginia, USA