Antigorite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Antigorite
Formula:
Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Colour:
Green, green-blue, white, brown, black
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
2.5 - 2.6
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1840 by Mathias Eduard Schweizer for the type locality, Valle di Antigorio, Domodossola, Piedmont, Italy, although there is a small question if he were on the Italian side of the border.
Co-Type Localities:
Polymorph of:
Antigorite is a higher temperature serpentine mineral, forming only above 250°C (Wenner & Taylor, 1974; Evans, 1977); chrysotile and lizardite are lower temperature polymorphs.
Antigorite is not the most common serpentine mineral, although it is a common member of the group. Volumetrically, lizardite is the most abundant serpentine mineral.
The type material was collected near the border between Switzerland and Italy from outcrops of the Geisspfad serpentinite. It is not clear in which country the material was sampled.
It may have a modular structure and m = 16 and m = 17 polysomes are known.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Antigorite.
Antigorite is not the most common serpentine mineral, although it is a common member of the group. Volumetrically, lizardite is the most abundant serpentine mineral.
The type material was collected near the border between Switzerland and Italy from outcrops of the Geisspfad serpentinite. It is not clear in which country the material was sampled.
It may have a modular structure and m = 16 and m = 17 polysomes are known.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Antigorite.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
260
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:260:6
IMA Classification of Antigorite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Mg3Si2O5(OH)4
Approval history:
Redefined 1998 s.p.
Classification of Antigorite
9.ED.15
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
D : Phyllosilicates with kaolinite layers composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
D : Phyllosilicates with kaolinite layers composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
71.1.2a.1
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
1 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 1:1 layers
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
1 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 1:1 layers
14.4.15
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
4 : Silicates of Mg
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
4 : Silicates of Mg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Atg | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Atg | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
| Atg | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Atg | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Atg | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
| Atg | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Physical Properties of Antigorite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Green, green-blue, white, brown, black
Streak:
Greenish white
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
[001] good
[001] good
Fracture:
Splintery
Density:
2.5 - 2.6 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.52 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Antigorite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.555 - 1.567 nβ = 1.56 - 1.573 nγ = 1.56 - 1.573
2V:
Measured: 20° to 50°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.005 - 0.006
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Low (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
weak
Chemistry of Antigorite
Mindat Formula:
Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ni,Al,Mn
Crystallography of Antigorite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
m - Domatic
Space Group:
Bm
Cell Parameters:
a = 43.53 Å, b = 9.25 Å, c = 7.26 Å
β = 91.13°
β = 91.13°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 4.706 : 1 : 0.785
Unit Cell V:
2,922.69 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0004123 | Antigorite | Capitani G C, Mellini M (2006) The crystal structure of a second antigorite polysome (m = 16), by single-crystal synchrotron diffraction American Mineralogist 91 394-399 | ![]() | 2006 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003192 | Antigorite | Capitani G, Mellini M (2004) The modulated crystal structure of antigorite: The m = 17 polysome American Mineralogist 89 147-158 | ![]() | 2004 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0019084 | Antigorite | Dodony I, Posfai M, Buseck P R (2002) Revised structure models for antigorite: An HRTEM study American Mineralogist 87 1443-1457 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0019083 | Antigorite | Dodony I, Posfai M, Buseck P R (2002) Revised structure models for antigorite: An HRTEM study American Mineralogist 87 1443-1457 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0019082 | Antigorite | Dodony I, Posfai M, Buseck P R (2002) Revised structure models for antigorite: An HRTEM study American Mineralogist 87 1443-1457 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0005589 | Antigorite | Uehara S (1998) TEM and XRD study of antigorite superstructures The Canadian Mineralogist 36 1595-1605 | ![]() | 1998 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 7.28 Å | (100) |
| 7.21 Å | (10) |
| 3.623 Å | (60) |
| 3.589 Å | (10) |
| 2.523 Å | (30) |
| 2.169 Å | (10) |
| 2.150 Å | (10) |
| 1.558 Å | (10) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 13 : Hadean serpentinization | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 38 : Ophiolites | |
| 40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Type Occurrence of Antigorite
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
Massive, scales, plates.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich, Switzerland, number Wi 4868.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Serpentinite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Antigorite
Other Language Names for Antigorite
Varieties of Antigorite
| Al-Antigorite | An unnecessary name for an aluminium-bearing variety of Antigorite. |
| Andes Jade | Marketing term for a tough lapidary-quality serpentine (composed dominantly of antigorite, with 21 to 31% lizardite, minor magnetite and Mg-carbonate) from Argentina. Color varies through many shades of green, yellowish, to almost black. |
| Bowenite | Originally described from Dexter Quarry (Dexter Lime Quarry), Lime Rock, Lincoln, Providence Co., Rhode Island, USA. |
| Chrome antigorite | A variety of antigorite containing some chromium. Compare with Chrome antigorit, a hypothetical chlorite group mineral. |
| Jenkinsite | A ferroan variety of antigorite. Originally found at "O'Neil's mine near Monroe, Orange County, New York." |
| Vorhauserite | Medium to dark brown coloured variety of serpentine (antigorite) containing manganese. |
| Webskyite | Greenish black fine-grained replacement of antigorite after a calcian forsterite. Named in 1887, but soon after (1889), webskyite was believed to be picrite or antigorite. In 1954, Kourimsky and Satava found a mineral from that locality was dominantly a... |
| Williamsite | A translucent, pale apple-green variety of antigorite. |
Relationship of Antigorite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Serpentine Subgroup:
| Amesite | Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Berthierine | (Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 | Mon. m : Bm |
| Brindleyite | (Ni,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 | Mon. |
| Caryopilite | Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4 | Mon. |
| Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 | Mon. m : Bb |
| Cronstedtite | Fe2+2Fe3+((Si,Fe3+)2O5)(OH)4 | Trig. 3m : P31m |
| Fraipontite | (Zn,Al)3((Si,Al)2O5)(OH)4 | Mon. |
| Guidottiite | Mn2Fe3+(Fe3+SiO5)(OH)4 | Hex. 6 : P63 |
| Kellyite | Mn2+2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 | Hex. 6 : P63 |
| Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 | Trig. 3m : P31m |
| Népouite | Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 | Orth. |
| Pecoraite | Ni3(Si2O5)(OH)4 | Mon. |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 57 photos of Antigorite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 24 photos of Antigorite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 24 photos of Antigorite associated with Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| 22 photos of Antigorite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 21 photos of Antigorite associated with 'Serpentinite' | |
| 18 photos of Antigorite associated with Pyroaurite | Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
| 16 photos of Antigorite associated with Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
| 13 photos of Antigorite associated with Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 13 photos of Antigorite associated with Chromite | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
| 13 photos of Antigorite associated with Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.ED. | 'Clinochrysotile' | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.05 | Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.05 | Nacrite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.05 | Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.05 | Odinite | (Fe,Mg,Al,Fe,Ti,Mn)2.4((Si,Al)2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.10 | Halloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · n(H2O) |
| 9.ED.10 | Hisingerite | Fe3+2(Si2O5)(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| 9.ED.10 | 'Hydrohalloysite' | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| 9.ED.15 | Brindleyite | (Ni,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Fraipontite | (Zn,Al)3((Si,Al)2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Népouite | Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Pecoraite | Ni3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Guidottiite | Mn2Fe3+(Fe3+SiO5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Berthierine | (Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Kellyite | Mn2+2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Cronstedtite | Fe2+2Fe3+((Si,Fe3+)2O5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Caryopilite | Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Amesite | Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Greenalite | (Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.15 | Manandonite | Li2Al4(Si2AlB)O10(OH)8 |
| 9.ED.20 | Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| 9.ED.20 | Neotocite | (Mn,Fe)SiO3 · H2O (?) |
| 9.ED.20 | Allophane | (Al2O3)(SiO2)1.3-2 · 2.5-3H2O |
| 9.ED.20 | Imogolite | Al2SiO3(OH)4 |
| 9.ED.25 | Bismutoferrite | Fe3+2Bi(SiO4)2(OH) |
| 9.ED.25 | Chapmanite | Fe3+2Sb3+(Si2O5)O3(OH) |
| 9.ED.30 | 'Pianlinite' | Al2Si2O6(OH)2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Antigorite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Antigorite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-260.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Antigorite
Reference List:
Schweizer, Eduard (1840) Ueber den Antigorit, ein neues Mineral. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 125. 595-599 doi:10.1002/andp.18401250415
Zussman, J. (1954) Investigation of the crystal structure of antigorite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 30 (227) 498-512 doi:10.1180/minmag.1954.030.227.02
Kunze, Günther (1956) Die gewellte Struktur des Antigorits, I. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 108 (1) 82-107 doi:10.1524/zkri.1956.108.1-2.82
KUNZE, GÜNTHER (1958) Die gewellte Struktur des Antigorits. II. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 110 (1-6). 282-320 doi:10.1524/zkri.1958.110.16.282
Kunze, Günther (1958) Die gewellte Struktur des Antigorits. III. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 110 (1). 282-320 doi:10.1524/zkri.1958.110.1-6.282
Kunze, Günther (1959) Fehlordnungen des Antigorits. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 111 (1). 190-212 doi:10.1524/zkri.1959.111.1-6.190
IMA (1967) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (277) 131-136 doi:10.1180/minmag.1967.036.277.20
Page, Norman J. (1968) Chemical differences among the serpentine "polymorphs". American Mineralogist, 53 (1-2) 201-215
Whittaker, E. J. W., Wicks, F. J. (1970) Chemical differences among the serpentine "polymorphs": A discussion. American Mineralogist, 55 (5-6) 1025-1047
Wenner, David B, Taylor, Hugh P (1974) D/H and O18/O16 studies of serpentinization of ultramaflc rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 38 (8) 1255-1286 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(74)90120-3
Evans, B.W. (1977) Metamorphism of Alpine Peridotite and Serpentinite. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 5. p.397-447. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.05.050177.002145
UEHARA, Seiichiro, SHIROZU, Haruo (1985) Variations in chemical composition and structural properties of antigorites. Mineralogical Journal, 12 (7) 299-318 doi:10.2465/minerj.12.299
Mellini, Marcello, Trommsdorff, Volkmar, Compagnoni, Roberto (1987) Antigorite polysomatism: behaviour during progressive metamorphism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 97 (2) 147-155 doi:10.1007/bf00371235
Otten, Max T. (1993) High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of polysomatism and stacking defects in antigorite. American Mineralogist, 78 (1-2) 75-84
Viti, Cecilia, Mellini, Marcello (1996) Vein antigorites from Elba Island, Italy. European Journal of Mineralogy, 8 (2) 423-434 doi:10.1127/ejm/8/2/0423
Wunder, Bernd, Schreyer, Werner (1997) Antigorite: High-pressure stability in the system MgO-SiO2-H2O (MSH) Lithos, 41 (1) 213-227 doi:10.1016/s0024-4937(97)82013-0
Wunder, Bernd, Baronnet, Alain, Schreyer, Werner (1997) Ab-initio synthesis and TEM confirmation of antigorite in the system MgO-SiO2-H2O. American Mineralogist, 82 (7). 760-764 doi:10.2138/am-1997-7-814
Wunder, Bernd, Baronnet, Alain, Schreyer, Werner (1997) Ab-initio synthesis and TEM confirmation of antigorite in the system MgO-SiO2-H2O. American Mineralogist, 82 (7). 760-764 doi:10.2138/am-1997-7-814
Wunder, Bernd, Wirth, Richard, Gottschalk, Matthias (2001) Antigorite: Pressure and temperature dependence of polysomatism and water content. European Journal of Mineralogy, 13 (3) 485-495 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2001/0013-0485
Dódony, István, Pósfai, Mihály, Buseck, Peter R. (2002) Revised structure models for antigorite: An HRTEM study. American Mineralogist, 87 (10) 1443-1457 doi:10.2138/am-2002-1022
Grobéty, Bernard (2003) Polytypes and higher-order structures of antigorite: A TEM study. American Mineralogist, 88 (1) 27-36 doi:10.2138/am-2003-0104
Bromiley, Geoffrey D., Pawley, Alison R. (2003) The stability of antigorite in the systems MgO-SiO2-H2O (MSH) and MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O (MASH): The effects of Al3+ substitution on high-pressure stability. American Mineralogist, 88 (1) 99-108 doi:10.2138/am-2003-0113
Rinaudo, C., Gastaldi, D., Belluso, E. (2003) Characterization of chrysotile, antigorite and lizardite by FT-Raman spectroscopy. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41 (4). 883-890 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.41.4.883
Capitani, Giancarlo, Mellini, Marcello (2004) The modulated crystal structure of antigorite: The m = 17 polysome. American Mineralogist, 89 (1). 147-158 doi:10.2138/am-2004-0117
Auzende, A.-L., Daniel, I., Reynard, B., Lemaire, C., Guyot, F. (2004) High-pressure behaviour of serpentine minerals: a Raman spectroscopic study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 31 (5) 269-277 doi:10.1007/s00269-004-0384-0
Capitani, G. (2005) HRTEM evidence for 8-reversals in the m = 17 antigorite polysome. American Mineralogist, 90 (5) 991-999 doi:10.2138/am.2005.1634
Capitani, G. C. (2006) The crystal structure of a second antigorite polysome (m = 16), by single-crystal synchrotron diffraction. American Mineralogist, 91 (2) 394-399 doi:10.2138/am.2006.1919
Dodony, I., Posfai, M., Buseck, P. R. (2006) Does antigorite really contain 4- and 8-membered rings of tetrahedra? American Mineralogist, 91 (11). 1831-1838 doi:10.2138/am.2006.1971
Hilairet, N., Daniel, I., Reynard, B. (2006) P–V Equations of State and the relative stabilities of serpentine varieties. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 33 (8) 629-637 doi:10.1007/s00269-006-0111-0
Capitani, G. C., Mellini, M. (2007) High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigation of antigorite polysomes (m = 15 to 18) American Mineralogist, 92 (1) 64-71 doi:10.2138/am.2007.2188
Viti, C. (2010) Serpentine minerals discrimination by thermal analysis. American Mineralogist, 95 (4) 631-638 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3366
SAKAGUCHI, Ilona, KOUKETSU, Yui, MICHIBAYASHI, Katsuyoshi, WALLIS, Simon R. (2020) Attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR–IR) spectroscopy of antigorite, chrysotile, and lizardite. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 115 (4). 303-312 doi:10.2465/jmps.190807
Localities for Antigorite
Showing 1,001 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Collett et al. (2015) |
Algeria | |
| Boukaoud et al. (2021) |
| Laouar et al. (2017) |
Antarctica | |
| Ikeda (1992) |
| Gyollai et al. (2016) |
| Dewar (1970) |
Argentina | |
| Proenza et al. (2008) |
| Proenza et al. (2008) |
| 715-720. Buenos Aires. +1 other reference |
| 715-720. Buenos Aires. +1 other reference | |
| Cardó R. et al. (2012) |
| [var: Andes Jade] Dr. Jorge Dascal (Patagonia Minerals) |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Plas (1997) | |
| Beard et al. (2009) |
Australia | |
| Gilligan et al. (1995) |
| Oskierski et al. (2013) |
| NSW Geological Survey Report GS 1965/126 |
| Och et al. (2007) | |
| Ashley et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Thompson (ed) |
| Fitz Gerald +2 other references |
| |
| Sutherland et al. (1967) |
| R. Bottrill +1 other reference |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Bottrill & Taheri +1 other reference | |
| Bottrill et al. (2002) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill et al. (2007) |
| Ralph Bottrill unpublished data 2019 |
| R Botttrill |
| Peter R. Buseck & Xin Hua (1993) |
| Fetherston (2010) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Ostwald (1978) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston et al. (1980) |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Russell (2024) |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Ernst Nickel +3 other references |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Marston (1984) +1 other reference |
| Pryce et al. (1974) |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Booth (1989) |
| Feldtmann (1919) |
| Moeskops (1977) | |
| Moeskops et al. (1977) | |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Marston (1984) |
| Marston (1984) | |
| www.portergeo.com.au (2007) |
| Econ Geol (1988) |
| Marston (1984) | |
| Barnes (2007) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Grguric et al. (2011) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Simpson (19480, Minerals of Western Australia, Vol 1, p 114) |
| Salama et al. (2025) |
| Salama et al. (2025) | |
| Fetherston et al. (2013) |
| Athena Resources |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Simpson (1948) | |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Clarke et al. (1986) |
| Fetherston (2010) | |
| Simpson et al. (1948) |
| Disseminated and Massive Nickel ... +2 other references |
| Gole et al. (2000) | |
| Gole et al. (2000) | |
| Grguric et al. (2013) | |
| Mills et al. (2010) |
Austria | |
| Autorenkollektiv (Red. M. A. Götzinger und P. Huber) |
| Meixner (1976) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Angel et al. (1953) |
| Thiedig (1962) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Meixner (1957) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Pichler (2009) | |
| Fechner et al. (1985) |
| Database „Minerale NÖ“ (A. Thinschmidt and co-workers) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (2010) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Roman Gramblička collection | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| [var: Bowenite] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Auer (2023) |
| Josef Taucher & Christine Elisabeth Hollerer (2012) |
| Kolitsch (2008) +1 other reference |
| Post. W. & Bojar (2006) |
| Kolitsch (2008) |
| Offenbacher (1983) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Schantl (1976) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Postl (2000) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Exel (1993) | |
| Koark (1949) |
Brazil | |
| Cassedanne et al. (1977) |
| Mota-e-Silva et al. (2015) |
| Cassedanne et al. (1977) |
| Soares et al. (2018) |
| de Carvalho et al. (1997) |
| Oliveira et al. (2020) |
Bulgaria | |
| Kunov |
| González-Jiménez et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Gervilla et al. (2012) |
| I. Kostov et al. (1964) |
Cameroon | |
| Dzemua et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| 150. +4 other references |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Britten (2017) |
| Economic Geology 112 (2017) | |
| Econ Geol (1990) | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Coats (1968) |
| Grand Manan Museum |
| Pe-Piper et al. (2024) |
| Sabina (1973) |
| Chatterjee (1977) |
| Chatterjee (1977) |
| Chatterjee (1977) |
| Sabina (1974) |
| Schandl et al. (1990) |
| Bennett (1978) |
| N.T. Pettigrew and K.H. Hattori |
| Mineral Record (1976) |
| Shann Whynot-Young Collection |
| Gaudard (1993) |
| Amabili et al. (2009) | |
| GAUDARD (1993) | |
| Can Mineral June 1 | |
| Gaudard (1993) | |
| Museum Thetford Mines collection |
| Gaudard (1993) |
| King et al. (1989) | |
| Thetford Mines Museum specimen |
| Fredric Schuster | |
| Econ Geology (1993) |
| Gaudard (1993) |
| 179-181. +3 other references |
| Nadeau et al. (2015) |
| Moorhouse et al. (1963) |
| Dillon-Leitch (1990) |
| Econ Geol (1986) | |
| Mineralienkabinet J. de Fourestier |
| Htoon (1979) |
| Sabina (1973) |
Chile | |
| González-Jiménez et al. (2016) |
| González-Jiménez et al. (2016) |
| González-Jiménez et al. (2016) | |
| González-Jiménez et al. (2023) |
China | |
| Baogui Zhang (1996) |
| Huasheng Huang et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Baogui Zhang (1996) |
| Li et al. (2023) |
| Yang et al. (2006) |
| Jinbang Wang (1987) +1 other reference |
| Lu et al. (2026) +1 other reference |
| Xingjie Jia et al. (2012) |
| Zhu et al. (2025) |
| Fushun Li et al. (2012) |
| Zhanshi Zhang and Minqiang Zhu (2002) |
| Wang +4 other references |
| Liangju Zhang (2002) |
| Tossavainen et al. (2001) |
| Yanjun Li et al. (2006) |
| Xuehui Xia et al. (2003) |
| Xuehui Xia et al. (2003) | |
| Tossavainen et al. (2001) |
| Zhang et al. (2024) |
| Gongqin Zhang (1986) |
| Xiudao Jiang et al. (2010) |
| Zhengguo Ru (1987) |
| Gong et al. (2026) | |
| Juanxia Zhang and Baoping Luo (2002) |
| Hongbing Hao and Wei Zhang (2001) |
| Li et al. (2026) |
| Bojun Huang and Yushun Min (1989) +2 other references |
| Wang et al. (2023) |
| Jianhua Huang et al. (2012) |
| Qiang Zhou et al. (2006) |
| Xiaoyong Nie (2010) |
| Han et al. (2007) | |
| Wang et al. (2023) |
| Fan et al. (2025) |
| Kaiji Yu (1981) |
Colombia | |
| Castrillón et al. (2023) |
Cuba | |
| Pujol-Solà et al. (2018) |
| Auzende et al. (2002) |
| MACIZO METAMÓRFICO ESCAMBRAY. CUBA CENTRAL. CONTROLES Y USOS DE LOS MINERALES NO-METÁLICOS. Humberto Álvarez-Sánchez (1) +2 other references | |
Cyprus | |
| |
Czech Republic | |
| Šrein (2007) |
| Pauliš +3 other references |
| Šrein +2 other references |
| Kopa |
| Pelíšek (1979) |
| Němec |
| Ř +5 other references |
| Kopa |
| Petr Pauliš (2001) |
Dominican Republic | |
| Saumur et al. (2013) |
Ecuador | |
| Feininger (1978) |
| John et al. (2010) | |
Egypt | |
| Abd El Monsef (2019) |
| Abdelnasser et al. (2017) |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| Azer et al. (2007) |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
| Kharbish (2020) +1 other reference | |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
| Abdelfadil et al. (2024) | |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) |
Ethiopia | |
| Kebede H. Belete |
Finland | |
| Liipo et al. (1994) |
| Blais et al. (1987) | |
| Blais et al. (1987) |
| Kuosmanen |
| Peltonen et al. (2008) |
| |
| Peltonen et al. (2008) | |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2006 ... +1 other reference |
| Yara International |
| Sandström (2012) |
France | |
| BRGM (1988) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Forestier (1964) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Forestier (1964) |
| Forestier (1964) | |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| |
| Forestier (1964) +1 other reference |
| Forestier (1964) +1 other reference |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Forestier (1964) | |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Forestier (1964) | |
| |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Forestier (1964) |
| Forestier (1964) | |
| Forestier (1964) | |
| Forestier (1964) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| G. Demarcq |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Pierrot et al. (1973) | |
| Pierrot et al. (1973) | |
| Pierrot et al. (1973) +1 other reference |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Azias (1968) |
| Hohl (1994) |
| Quesnel et al. (2016) |
| A.B. Woodland et al. (30) +2 other references |
| A.B. Woodland et al. (30) +2 other references |
| www.google.fr (n.d.) |
| De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002) |
| Dubru. M (1986) |
| Peter R. Buseck & Xin Hua (1993) |
| |
| Martin (1984) +1 other reference |
| |
| Desmons (1990) | |
| Mari et al. (1979) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Habel (2011) |
| Rost (1949) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| [var: Webskyite] Faust and Hahey (1962) |
| |
| Wedepohl (1954) |
| Weiß (1990) +1 other reference |
| Beyer |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) |
Greece | |
| various added photos |
| Magganas et al. (1988) |
| Mposkos et al. (2012) |
| Tsikouras et al. (2006) | |
| Tzeferis et al. (2026) |
| Tzeferis et al. (2026) | |
Greenland | |
| Petersen et al. (1993) |
| Petersen et al. (1985) |
| Dymek (1987) +1 other reference |
Hungary | |
| Kovács et al. (2003) |
| Mecsek-Oko |
| |
India | |
| Singh (1959) |
| [var: Chrome antigorite] Varadarajan (1961) |
| Devaraju et al. (2014, January) |
| Premi et al. (2023) |
| Mondal et al. (1996) |
| Chakraborti et al. (2018) |
| Reid et al. (1990) |
Indonesia | |
| Bari et al. (2026) |
| Bailey et al. (1995) |
| Qi et al. (2024) |
Iran | |
| Taghipour et al. (2018) |
| Ahadnejad et al. (2022) |
| Oberhänsli et al. (2007) | |
| Moinevaziri (2019) |
Iraq | |
| Mohammad (2009) |
| Mohammad (2013) | |
Italy | |
| Dal Piaz (1967) |
| Dal Piaz (2004) |
| Dal Piaz (2004) | |
| Dal Piaz (2004) | |
| Dal Piaz (2004) | |
| Dal Piaz (1967) | |
| Barale et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
| Novo M. et al. (1989) | |
| Novo M. et al. (1989) | |
| Dal Piaz et al. (2008) | |
| Pelloux (1946) | |
| Rossetti et al. (2009) | |
| Carbonin et al. (2015) |
| Toffolo et al. (2017) | |
| Toffolo et al. (2015) +1 other reference | |
| Toffolo et al. (2017) | |
| Brugnatelli (1903) +4 other references | |
| Grill (1922) +4 other references | |
| Castello et al. (2016) |
| Yannick Verbelen collection | |
| Castello (1978) +1 other reference |
| Sandrone et al. (2004) |
| Laurita et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
| Punturo et al. (2023) |
| Punturo et al. (2023) |
| Punturo et al. (2023) | |
| Bertacchini et al. (1999) |
| Bertacchini et al. (1999) |
| Bertacchini et al. (1999) |
| Bertacchini et al. (1999) | |
| Bertacchini et al. (1999) |
| Galli (1963) |
| Mellini et al. (1987) |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) |
| |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) | |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) | |
| Cimmino F. Messiga B et al. (1979) |
| Voghera Museum of Natural Sciences (Zelaschi find & donation) |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Bedognè (2006) | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Tabacchi (1972) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Compagnoni et al. (1985) |
| Belluso et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Rolfo et al. (2015) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Schwartz et al. (2013) |
| Schwartz et al. (2013) | |
| Compagnoni et al. (1976) | |
| Belluso et al. (1991) +1 other reference |
| Belluso et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Belluso et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Belluso et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Belluso et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Belluso et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Belluso et al. (1991) |
| Vola (2020) |
| Balestro et al. (2009) | |
| Prete (1995) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Sanero (1932) |
| Parallel intergrowths of fibrous tremolite and antigorite have been described by Belluso et al. (1995) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
| Campostrini (2001) |
| Sanero (1932) | |
| Zucchetti (1968) +1 other reference |
| Fioraso (2009) |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
| Zucchetti (1968) +2 other references | |
| Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Zucchetti (1968) +2 other references | |
| Zucchetti (1968) +1 other reference | |
| Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Groppo et al. (2007) | |
| Groppo et al. (2007) | |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
| Groppo et al. (2007) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Groppo et al. (2007) |
| Groppo et al. (2007) | |
| Groppo et al. (2007) | |
| Groppo et al. (2007) | |
| Schweizer (1840) +1 other reference |
| |
| Albertini (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Albertini (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Mattioli (1975) +2 other references | |
| Traverso S. (1895) |
| Boscardin et al. (2013) |
| Mattioli (1979) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Gamboni et al. (2006) |
| Gartner et al. (2002) |
| Bucher-Nurminen (1982) |
| [var: Vorhauserite] Doelter |
| De Michele (1974) | |
| Zordan A. (2014) |
| Bonifazi (2020) |
| Nappi (1967) +2 other references |
| Viti et al. (1996) |
| Sammartino (2009) |
| Sammartino (2014) | |
| Betti et al. (2017) |
| Betti et al. (2017) |
| Vandall King |
| Brizzi G. et al. (FI) | |
| Betti et al. (2017) |
| Nannoni |
| Betti et al. (2017) |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1996) |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1996) |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) |
Japan | |
| Miura et al. (2018) |
| Arai +4 other references |
| SHIROSE et al. (2026) | |
| 上原誠一郎. (1987) |
| Yamada (2004) | |
| Okuno (1964) |
| Bamba (1978) |
| Petrov (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) |
| M. Fleischer |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Uehara et al. (1994) |
| Katou (1925) | |
| Katou (1925) | |
| Arai et al. (1999) |
| Arai et al. (1994) | |
| Motoiki Saito (1973) |
| Motoiki Saito (1973) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Lobanov et al. (2012) |
Malaysia | |
| Khoo (1978) |
Mexico | |
| Ortega-Gutierrez +2 other references |
Mongolia | |
| Karimov et al. (2024) |
Morocco | |
| Lhou et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Wafik et al. (2026) |
| Lmahfoudi et al. (2025) |
Mozambique | |
| Gajdošová et al. (2017) |
Myanmar | |
| Nyunt (2009) |
| Harlow G1 (2014) |
| Qianqun Chen and Taixu Luo (2009) |
New Zealand | |
| Palmer (1966) |
| Palmer (1966) |
| Cullen (1975) |
| [var: Bowenite] Marshall (1904) |
| Grapes et al. (1999) |
| Grapes et al. (1999) |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Railton et al. (1990) | |
North Korea | |
| Satou (1933) |
| [var: Bowenite] GIA 2018 |
North Macedonia | |
| Šijakova-Ivanova (2021) |
Norway | |
| Breivik (2001) |
| Segalstad et al. (2002) |
| Bancroft et al. (2001) | |
| Jøsang (1966) |
| Garmo (2006) |
| Ronald Werner photo |
| Seljebotn (2016) | |
| Nordrum (2004) |
| Foslie (1931) |
| Wolff (1963) |
| Sørlie (2003) |
| Andresen (1990) |
| Larsen (2021) |
| Svensen (2004) |
| Mathiesen (1970) |
| Plümper et al. (2012) |
| Larsen (2022) |
| Witsø (1995) | |
| Witsø (1995) +1 other reference |
| Hultin (1968) |
| Moore et al. (1980) | |
| Rø (2018) | |
Oman | |
| Rajendran et al. (2014) |
| |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Fryer et al. (1992) |
| Plas (1997) |
Pakistan | |
| Kakar et al. (2013) |
| Kakar et al. (2013) | |
| Rolfo et al. (1997) |
| imported from Rondu District +1 other reference | |
| Kazmi et al. (1986) |
| [var: Bowenite] Richard M. Pearl: "Minerals of India" |
Peru | |
| Castroviejo et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
Philippines | |
| Giese et al. (1986) |
| Watanabe +5 other references |
Poland | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| [var: Webskyite] Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Domańska (n.d.) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Gil et al. (2019) |
| Kapuściński (1992) | |
| Sułkowski J. (1967) |
| JANECZEK J. | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Szełęg |
| Galuskin et al. (2003) |
| Spangenberg et al. (1949) |
| Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Delura (2005) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Spangenberg et al. (1949) | |
| Spangenberg et al. (1949) | |
| Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & pXRF data (paper in preparation) | |
| Eligiusz Szełęg collection |
| Szeliga (2003) |
| Chodyniecka (1967) |
Portugal | |
| Dias et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
Republic of the Congo | |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ... |
Romania | |
| Szakáll |
| Szakáll et al. (2010) |
| Marincea (1999) +2 other references |
| Pál Molnár (2000) |
| Minerals of Carpathians |
Russia | |
| Karimov et al. (2024) |
| Zhmodik et al. (2022) | |
| Spiridonov (2020, September) |
| Murzin et al. (2018) |
| Murzin et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Zachary Powell collection |
| Mikhailov (2000) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Chudnenko +2 other references |
| Buravleva et al. (2016) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| |
| ... | |
| Abzalov et al. (1997) |
| Barkov et al. (2017) |
| Zaikov et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Mikhailov (2000) |
| Talovina et al. (2003) | |
| Putintseva et al. (2017) |
| [World of Stones 12:49] | |
| Rezvukhin +3 other references |
| Dana 7:I:654. +1 other reference |
| Smirnov et al. (2022) |
| |
| Igor.V. Pekov (2008) |
| Свиблов et al. (2009) | |
| Kislov et al. (2026) |
| Shabutdinov et al. (2024) | |
| Murzin et al. (2009) |
| Palyanova et al. (2018) |
| Yurichev (2021) |
| Pekov et al. (2024) |
| Tatarinov et al. (2007) |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Ahmed et al. (2015) |
Serbia | |
| Milojkovic (1977) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1989) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Kúšik R. et al. (in Slovak with French abstract) |
| Ružička P. et al. (Praha) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Grecula (1995) | |
| Juraj Majzlan et al. (2021) |
| Háber et al. (Dankova, SGR Mnts) | |
| Štubňa et al. (2019) | |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
South Africa | |
| Anhaeusser et al. (1978) |
| Anhaeusser et al. (1976) | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Braithwaite et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Northam Platinum |
| Northam Platinum |
| PMPB Meulenbeld collection photo ID ... |
| PMPB Meulenbeld collection photo ID ... | |
| PMPB Meulenbeld collection |
| Guenther et al. (2012) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | |
| Tomblin (1979) | |
South Korea | |
| [var: Bowenite] GIA 2018 |
Spain | |
| INTAN specimens (Barcelona) |
| Evans et al. (2012) | |
| José Miguel Sola +1 other reference |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
| Romero Silva (2003) | |
| Colección Juan A.M. Barnestein. |
| González-Pérez et al. (2022) | |
| Colección Juan A.M. Barnestein. |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
| Colección Juan A.M. Barnestein. |
| |
| Locality description | |
| Casquet et al. (1998) |
| Madon et al. (1991) +3 other references |
Sudan | |
| Ahmed Khidir Yagoub () |
Sweden | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Sandström et al. (2011) |
| Sandström (2007) |
| Gatedal (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Gatedal (n.d.) | |
| Östra Värmlands Mineral Society |
| Nysten (2004) |
| Boliden Group |
| Mikael Jansson () |
| Sandström et al. (2010) |
| Öhman (2003) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Dietrich (1972) +1 other reference |
| Dietrich (1972) |
| Tarnuzzer (1902) +5 other references |
| Tarnuzzer (1902) +5 other references | |
| De Quervain (1935) +4 other references | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Personally collected by Günter Frenz | |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Ansermet (2012) | |
| Steafan Ansermet | |
| Ansermet (2012) | |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Lecacheur et al. (2024) | |
Taiwan | |
| Wan et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| |
| Huang (2018) |
Turkey | |
| Kaya et al. (2023) |
| Günay et al. (2016) |
UK | |
| Alysson Rowan collection +2 other references |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Day (1999) |
| Smith et al. (2014) |
| Kemp et al. (2016) | |
| Tindle (2008) | |
| Curtis et al. (1969) |
| Curtis et al. (1969) |
| Brindley et al. (1954) | |
| Rust et al. (1988) |
Ukraine | |
| Spiridonov et al. (2019) |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| Witkind (1963) |
| Graeme (1981) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Eastlick |
| Peterson (1962) |
| Peterson (1962) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10103756 |
| Bideaux (1980) +1 other reference |
| Howard (1987) +1 other reference |
| Howard (1987) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
| [… (abstract) +3 other references |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Knopf (1929) +4 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Mumpton et al. (1965) +1 other reference |
| Montoya et al. (1963) | |
| Pemberton (1983) |
| Morton (1977) +2 other references |
| Cal Div of Mines Special Report 51 |
| Bailey (1941) +2 other references |
| Sharp (1959) +2 other references |
| Pelletier | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| [var: Williamsite] Mason (1976) | |
| Mumpton et al. (1965) | |
| Cooper et al. (2003) |
| Otton +2 other references |
| USGS Bull1709D |
| Econ Geol (1988) |
| www.dvminerals.com/thumbs.html |
| - (2005) |
| Gross et al. (1965) +4 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Wells et al. (1965) +1 other reference |
| Melhase (1934) +1 other reference |
| Switzer (1951) +2 other references |
| Hawkes +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Wiebelt (1959) +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| King's Mark Environmental Review Team Report (1984) |
| Crowley (1968) | |
| Eric Briggs collection |
| Van Gosen (2005) |
| Van Gosen (2005) | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) | |
| Van Gosen (2005) | |
| Hunter (1941) |
| Van Gosen (2005) | |
| Hunter (1941) | |
| Rocks & Min. 70:244 |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Williams et al. (1954) |
| Fisher (1934) +1 other reference |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Boucot et al. (1964) | |
| pubs.usgs.gov (n.d.) |
| [var: Bowenite] King et al. (1994) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Houston |
| Wandke |
| [var: Williamsite] Ostrander et al. (1940) |
| Bernstein (1980) |
| - (2005) |
| [var: Williamsite] Ostrander et al. (1940) +1 other reference |
| [var: Williamsite] Pearre (1960) |
| [var: Williamsite] Ostrander et al. (1940) | |
| [var: Williamsite] Ostrander et al. (1940) | |
| Bernstein (1980) |
| Jat Thompson Collection | |
| "Western Massachusetts Mineral ... |
| Western Massachusetts Geologic Resource Inventory et al. (Privately Published) |
| Western Massachusetts Geologic Resource Inventory et al. (Privately Published) | |
| Western Massachusetts Geologic Resource Inventory et al. (Privately Published) | |
| Western Massachusetts Geologic Resources Inventory et al. (Privately Pubkished) |
| Western Massachusetts Geologic Resource Inventory et al. (Privately Published) | |
| Castle et al. (2005) |
| Sears (1905) |
| Rocks & Min.: 13:183. +1 other reference | |
| |
| "Western Massachusetts Mineral ... |
| Brownlow (MIT thesis) | |
| Former Alfred Patrie collection |
| Van Gosen (2005) |
| [var: Bowenite] Gleba (2008) |
| Museum of Natural History |
| Emerson (1917) |
| Emerson (1917) |
| Morris (1983) |
| Morris (1983) | |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Morris (1983) |
| Morris (1983) | |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| - (2005) |
| Econ Geol (1989) |
| Peter G. Vikre (1998) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| |
| King (n.d.) |
| Palache |
| [var: Vorhauserite] Palache (1935) | |
| FOMS Millsite Committee (1986) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Hunt et al. (1937) +1 other reference | |
| Hunt et al. (1937) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| NMGS 21st Field Conference |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Gibbs (1989) |
| Loughlin et al. (1942) +1 other reference | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Manchester (1931) | |
| Collected David S. Bernstein- Feb. 2012 |
| Collected by Steve Okulewicz | |
| [var: Jenkinsite] Marian Lupulescu (2008) |
| Maertens (2023) |
| King (n.d.) |
| - (Dana, 1874) +1 other reference |
| [var: Bowenite] Manchester (1931) |
| Manchester (1931) | |
| North Carolina NOA Site Screening Summary Report (2006) |
| Georgia Geological Survey Bulletion ... +1 other reference |
| Excalibur Mineral Company specimen | |
| www.handbookofmineralogy.org (2008) |
| Hunter (1941) |
| North Carolina NOA Site Screening ... +1 other reference | |
| Hunter (1941) | |
| Wilson et al. (1978) | |
| North Carolina NOA Site Screening ... +1 other reference |
| Colney (1962) | |
| Betts (n.d.) | |
| |
| John Krygier | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Koski |
| [var: Bowenite] Mason (1976) | |
| The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania 1966-1975 +2 other references |
| Samual S. Gordon +1 other reference |
| Hower et al. (2024) |
| [var: Williamsite] |
| Personally Collected 4/12/2008 | |
| [var: Williamsite] A.Mathauser collection | |
| [var: Williamsite] The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania +1 other reference | |
| Lapham et al. (1976) | |
| Observed David S. Bernstein- June of ... | |
| [var: Chrome antigorite, var: Williamsite] Samuel S. Gordon Pg.124 +3 other references |
| Weber et al. (1965) |
| [var: Bowenite] Lapham et al. (1965) |
| [var: Bowenite] Gordon (1922) |
| Samuel S. Gordon +1 other reference |
| |
| |
| [var: Bowenite] AmMin 22:279 | |
| M. W. Kieron collection |
| |
| Michael W. Kieron coll. | |
| [var: Bowenite] |
| [var: Bowenite] Carr et al. (1981) +2 other references |
| [var: Bowenite] Gosse (1962) +1 other reference | |
| [var: Bowenite] | |
| Museum of Natural History |
| Stewart (1930) +1 other reference |
| [var: Bowenite] Mason (1976) | |
| Paris (2011) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Schulze et al. (2014) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Chidester et al. (1978) +1 other reference |
| pubs.usgs.gov (n.d.) |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996) |
| pubs.usgs.gov (n.d.) | |
| pubs.usgs.gov (n.d.) |
| [var: Bowenite] Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996) |
| P. Cristofono collection |
| USGS OFR 2006-1229 | |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +3 other references |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| May (1996) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Asa Resource Group plc |
| Clutten et al. (1981) |
| Eales (1964) |
| Weber et al. (1965) |
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Tinos Island, Tinos, South Aegean, Greece