ืื‘ื ืจ ื”ื•ืœืฆืžืŸ (1956)

Avner Holtzman


ื”ื•ืœืฆืžืŸ, ืื‘ื ืจ.
    ืžืคืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื
: ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ื™ื•ื / ืื‘ื ืจ ื”ื•ืœืฆืžืŸ. -- ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ : ืกืคืจื™ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื”, 2005. 
343  ืขืž'.
Road-map : Hebrew narrative fiction today

    ื”ืกืคืจ "ืžืคืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื" ืžืฆื™ืข ืžื‘ื˜ ืคื ื•ืจืžื™ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื›ื™ื•ื. ื‘ืฆื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืกื•ืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ื ืกื• ื‘ื• ื›ืžืื” ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื”ื“ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืจื—ื‘ ืžื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื” ืฉืจืื• ืื•ืจ ืžืื– ืฉื ืช 1987. ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืจืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ื›ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช, ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืืช ืก' ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆื“ ืื‘ื ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื•ืชื ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืืชื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ "ื“ื•ืจ ืชืฉ"ื—" ื•ืฉืœ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื’ื ื™ื—ื“.
    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืœื™ื—ื• ืœืฉืขื” ืงืœื” ื•ื ืขืœืžื•; ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื1 ื”ื˜ืจื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืžื•ื‘ืงืกื•ืืœื™ื; ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ืชื™ื™ื; ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื; ืฉืžืจื ื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื; ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืขื•ืœื™ื-ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื1 ืื–ื•ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื; ืืœื™ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืžื•ืกื—ืจื™ื™ื; ืคืจื•ื–ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืกื• ื›ื•ื—ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื–ื”; ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžืกืชื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืœ"ืช ืืžื•ืชื™ื”ื. ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื•ืช, ืžื™ื’ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช-ื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ืคืชื•ื— ื•ืคืœื•ืจืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืœืœื ืชืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืขื•ื“ ืœืขืœื™ืœืช-ืขืœ ื”ื’ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ืœืžืกื•ืจืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื•ืฆืงื”. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืงืคืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื•ื”ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ื”ืžืื‘ื“ืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืืœ ืขื‘ืจื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืงืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

ืคืชื— ื“ื‘ืจ

9

 

 

ื—ืœืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: ืงืจื™ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ

 

     ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช: ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช ื•ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื

12

     ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช 1970ึพ2000: ืขืจืš ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™

21

     ืฉื, ื‘ืงื• ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืืชื—ื™ืœ

27

     ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000: ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘

32

     ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™

41

 

 

ื—ืœืง ืฉื ื™: ื™ื•ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื”

 

1987

 

     ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ (ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ-ื ืจ, 'ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื')

50

1988

 

     ืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื• (ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืื™ืจื™, 'ืื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ื™ื—')

52

     ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืœื™ืžื” (ืื”ืจืŸ ืืคืœืคืœื“, 'ืจืฆืคืช ืืฉ')

55

1989    

 

     ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืจื” (ืžืชื™ ืžื’ื“, 'ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืœ')

58

1990

 

     ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ื›ืคื•ืชื” (ื—ื ื” ื‘ืช-ืฉื—ืจ, 'ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืขื˜ืœืคื™ื')

61

     ืืจื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืฉื•ื˜ื—ืช (ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื™ืฅ, 'ืื‘ื™ืฉื’')

63

     ืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ (ื™ื•ืจื ืงื ื™ื•ืง, 'ืื”ื‘ืช ื“ื•ื“')

65

     ื”ืกื ื“ืœืจ ืžืžื—ื ื” ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– (ื ืื•ื” ืกืžืœ, 'ืžื•ืจื™ืก ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ืืœ ืžืœืžื“ ืœืขื•ืฃ')

66

1991

 

     ืคื™ืžื” ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื ืก (ืขืžื•ืก ืขื•ื–, 'ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™')

68

     ื™ืœื“ื” ืจืขื” (ืื™ืœื ื” ื‘ืจื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, 'ืฉืืจื” ื›ืกื•ืชื” ืขื•ื ืชื”')

72

     ืจืกื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืชืœื›ื“ื• (ื™ื•ืกืœ ื‘ื™ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, 'ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืขื ืŸ')

74

     ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ ืคืกื™ืคืก (ืžืื™ืจ ืฉืœื•, 'ืขืฉื•')

75

     ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ื ืคืจื ื• ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืงื ื–, 'ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœ ื”ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื')

77

     ืžืกืข ื”ื ืงืžื” (ืื”ืจืŸ ืืคืœืคืœื“, 'ืžืกื™ืœืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ')

79

     ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืง ืคื’ืข ื‘ื”ื (ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœ, 'ื”ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ืขื™ื')

81

1992

 

     ืื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื›ื—ืคืฆื ื• (ืžืฉื” ืฉืžื™ืจ, 'ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ')

84

     ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืชื™ืจื™ ื™ืคืขื” (ืœืื” ืื™ืœื•ืŸ, 'ืžืฉื”ื• ืงื™ื•ืžื™')

88

     ื—ืฆื™ื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœ (ืื™ืชืžืจ ืœื•ื™, 'ืื’ื“ืช ื”ืื’ืžื™ื ื”ืขืฆื•ื‘ื™ื')

90

     ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจื” (ื—ื ื•ืš ืœื•ื™ืŸ, 'ืื™ืฉ ืขื•ืžื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืืฉื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช')

93

     ืžื™ืชื•ืก ื”ืชืžื•ื– ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื‘ืœืฉื™ืช (ืืจื™ื” ืกื™ื•ืŸ, 'ืื“ื•ื ื™ืก')

95

     ื”ืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ (ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ-ื ืจ, 'ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื')

97

     ื—ืชื•ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืจืœื™ (ืื”ืจืŸ ืžื’ื“, 'ื™ื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื ืช')

99

     ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืงื•ืจืŸ, 'ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช')

101

1993

 

     ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื•ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ (ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจ, 'ื’ื ืื”ื‘ืชื ื’ื ืฉื ืืชื')

102

     ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื“ (ืกืžื™ ืžื™ื›ืืœ, 'ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื”')

106

     ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืขืงื•ืช (ื—ื ื” ื‘ืช-ืฉื—ืจ, 'ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืคืจืคืจ')

107

     ืžืžื•ืกืงื‘ื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”, 'ืฉื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื›ืคื•ืœ')

109

     ืชืื•ื ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช (ืžืื™ื” ื‘ื–'ืจื ื•, 'ื”ืฉืžืœื” ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ื•ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—')

111

     ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื (ืจื•ืช ืืœืžื•ื’, 'ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืืžื ื•ืชื™')

113

     ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช (ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช ื’ืœื‘ื•ืข, 'ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™')

114

1994

 

     ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื•ื˜ ืœืคื˜ืคื•ื˜ (ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืคื ืจ, 'ืืœืœื™ื')

116

     ืฉืœื•ื•ืช ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ (ืขืžื•ืก ืขื•ื–, 'ืืœ ืชื’ื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืœื”')

118

     ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื•ื˜ืจ (ืื”ืจืŸ ืžื’ื“, 'ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ืœืื•ืœื’ื”')

119

     ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืื ื“ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืก (ื‘ืชื™ื” ื’ื•ืจ, 'ืœื ื›ืš ืชื™ืืจืชื™ ืœื™')

121

     ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง (ืžืื™ืจ ืฉืœื•, 'ื›ื™ืžื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื')

123

     ืžืกืข ื”ืงืกื ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ (ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื’ืจื•ืกืžืŸ, 'ื™ืฉ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื–ื™ื’ื–ื’')

125

     ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืฉื˜ืฃ ื”ื–ื•ืจื (ื"ื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, 'ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื”ื•ื“ื•')

127

     ืžื™ ืฉื—ื™ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืื”ื‘ื” (ื—ื ื•ืš ืœื•ื™ืŸ, 'ื”ื’'ื™ื’ื•ืœื• ืžืงื•ื ื’ื• ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื')

132

     ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื•ื”ืชืœื™ื™ืŸ (ื“ืŸ ืฆืœืงื”, 'ืขื ื ื™ื')

133

     ื”ื“ืœืช ืืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืฉื•ืฉื™ื (ืœื™ืœื™ ืคืจื™, 'ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื')

135

1995

 

     ืžืœืื›ืช ืฆื•ืจืฃ (ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช ื”ืจืื‘ืŸ, 'ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช')

137

     ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช (ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื—ืจ, 'ืขืœ ื”ื ืจ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื—')

139

     ืงื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื•ืžืœืคืคื•ื ื™ื, ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ื (ืžื™ืจื” ืžื’ืŸ, 'ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ื ืจื›ื•ืกื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘')

141

     ืงืจื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื™ืงืจื•ืก (ืืœื›ืก ืืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, 'ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”')

143

     ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืช ืื•ืกื™ืฉืงื™ืŸ (ื—ื ื•ืš ื‘ืจื˜ื•ื‘, 'ืจื’ืœ ืื—ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ')

144

     ืงื™ื˜ืฉ ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• (ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืงืฆื™ืจ, 'ืœืžื˜ื™ืก ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ')

149

     ื‘ืจืืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืžื˜ืœื•ืŸ, 'ื–ื” ืขื ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืœื™ื ื•')

151

     ืฉื•ืื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” (ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ-ื ืจ, 'ื“ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ืขืจ')

153

     ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื (ืžื™ื›ืœ ื’ื•ื‘ืจื™ืŸ, 'ื”ืฉื')

154

     ืžื ื™ืคืกื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ืžื•ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ื™ื (ื™ื•ืกื™ ืื‘ื ื™, 'ื’ืŸ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ื')

156

     ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื, ืขืงื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื (ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื™ืฅ, 'ืฉื‘ืข ื ืฉื™ื')

158

1996

 

     ื”ืชืคืจื“ื•ืช (ื’ื™ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื•, 'ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ')

159

     ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืŸื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืจ (ืขื ืจ ืฉืœื•, 'ืกืคืจ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช')

161

1997

 

     ื ืคืฉ ื™ืœื“ ืงื•ื“ื—ืช (ืื™ืชืžืจ ืœื•ื™, 'ืื˜ื™ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืžื•ืจื’ื ื”')

162

     ืœื”ืฉื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช (ืืจื™ื” ืกืžื•, 'ื”ื“ื ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื”')

164

     ืžืขืฉื” ื–ื™ืงื™ืช (ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืื‘ืŸ, 'ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ืจื’ืชื™ ืื™ืฉ')

165

     ื”ืžืกืข ื”ืžื•ืคืจืš ืžื˜ื ื’'ื™ืจ ืœื•ื•ืจืžื™ื™ื–ื (ื"ื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, 'ืžืกืข ืืœ ืชื•ื ื”ืืœืฃ')

167

     ื”ื•ื•ื™ ืžืžื•ืชืง (ื—ื™ื™ื ืกื‘ืชื•, 'ืืžืช ืžืืจืฅ ืชืฆืžื—')

168

     ืจื—ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืจื—ืœ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” (ื™ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, 'ืจื•ืื•ืช ืžื›ืืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื')

170

     ื”ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื•ื”ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ื”ืฉืžื™ืžื™ (ืžื™ืจื” ืžื’ืŸ, 'ืืœ ืชื›ื” ื‘ืงื™ืจ')

172

     ื™ื•ืžืจื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช (ื’ืœื™ืœื” ืจื•ืŸ-ืคื“ืจ-ืขืžื™ืช, 'ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจืช ืœืขื•ืฃ')

173

1998

 

     ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื (ืืกืชื™ ื’. ื—ื™ื™ื, 'ืจืงื“ื ื™ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื”ืงืช ื™ื—ื™ื“')

175

     ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื ื” (ืื”ืจืŸ ืžื’ื“, 'ื“ื•ื“ืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”')

177

     ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ื (ื™ื•ื ืช ื•ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืกื ื“, 'ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžืœื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื')

178

     ืกื•ื“ื•ืช, ืกืžืœื™ื ื•ืกืชืชื™ื (ืžืื™ืจ ืฉืœื•, 'ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ')

180

     ืฉืœื•ื, ืคืฉืจื”, ืื”ื‘ื” (ืขืžื•ืก ืขื•ื–, 'ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื•ื•ืช')

181

     ืงืœื™ื™ื“ื•ืกืงื•ืค ืฉืœ ืคื™ืกื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช (ื“ืŸ ืฆืœืงื”, 'ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™')

183

     ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืกืจื™ืช (ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื, 'ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ืกื’ื•ืœ')

185

     ืื‘ื, ืืžื, ื‘ืŸ (ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจ, 'ื—ื‘ืœื™ื')

186

     ืฆืขืฆื•ืข ื‘ื•ื”ืง ื•ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœ (ืื‘ื ืจ ืฉืฅ, 'ืœืฉื•ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”')

188

     ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื (ืขืžื•ืก ืขื•ื–, 'ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื')

190

     ื ืจืงื™ืกื™ื–ื ื ืคื•ื— (ื™ืงื™ืจ ืืœืงืจื™ื‘, 'ืชืฉื•ืงื”')

193

1999

 

     ืžืขืฉื” ืžืจืงื—ืช ืžืคื•ื‘ืจืง (ื™ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื ื“ืก, 'ื”ื’ืจ')

194

     ืฉื ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื ืง (ื“ื•ื“ ืืจืœื™ืš, 'ื”ื‘ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™')

196

     ืžืฆ'ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืื”ืจืŸ ืืคืœืคืœื“, 'ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื'; 'ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืื”ื‘ืชื™')

197

     ื‘ืขืžืง ื”ื‘ื›ื (ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™, 'ื—ื“ืจ')

201

     ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื (ืืœื›ืก ืืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, 'ืื”ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืคืก ื”ื”ืจื™ื')

208

     ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื (ืก. ื™ื–ื”ืจ, 'ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื•')

209

     ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื›ื” (ื“ืŸ ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ, 'ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืืœื')

212

     ืžืกืข ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉื“ื™ื (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื“ื•ืชืŸ, 'ืื ืจื›ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืง')

215

     ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’, 'ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœื”')

217

     ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ืžื•ื•ืช (ื—ื™ื™ื ืชื“ืžื•ืŸ, 'ืกืœืžืŸ ืจื•ืฉื“ื™, ืžืœื•ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื, ืคืืจื™ืก')

219

     ืคื•ื—ืœืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื ืฉื•ืคื™ื (ื“ื•ืจื™ืช ืคืœื’ ื•ืžืื™ื” ื›ื”ืŸ-ืœื•ื™, 'ืฉืชื™ ืื’ื“ื•ืช')

221

2000

 

     ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ ื•ื”ืกื™ืื•ื‘ (ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืžื˜ืœื•ืŸ, 'ืฉืจื”, ืฉืจื”')

223

     ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ (ืืจื™ื” ืกืžื•, 'ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื')

225

     ื—ืœืœ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ, ืขืฉื•ื™ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ (ื™ื•ืื‘ ื›"ืฅ, 'ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ืกื™ืกื˜ื')

227

     ืื™ืคื” ืืช ืืื•ืจื™ื“ื™ืงื”? (ื™ื•ืืœ ื”ื•ืคืžืŸ, 'ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ืžื ื“ื•')

229

     ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช (ืžืฉื” ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉ, 'ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ืœืชื˜ื•ืืŸ'; 'ืœื—ื ื”ื—ืœื•ื')

231

     ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืกื•ื‘ื•ืœ, 'ืฉืชื™ืงื”')

233

     ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ืคืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช (ืžื™ืฉืงื” ื‘ืŸ-ื“ื•ื“, 'ืกืคืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช')

235

     ื—ื“ื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืŸ (ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“, 'ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื')

236

     ื”ื‘ืœื“ื” ืฉืœ ื ืขืžื™ (ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ืกืฃ, 'ืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”')

238

     ื™ื•ืžื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ืกื•ืขืจืช (ืื”ืจืŸ ืžื’ื“, 'ืคืจืกืคื•ื ื” ื–ื•ื›ืจืช')

240

     ืื•ืคืจืช ืกื‘ื•ืŸ (ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืจื•ืชื, 'ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš')

242

     ื‘ื•ืขื” ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื” ื•ืกื•ืขืจืช (ืื‘ื ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜, 'ื–ื• ืœื ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœืš')

244

     ืžื” ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืœืฆื™ื•ืจ? (ื™ืื™ืจ ื’ืจื‘ื•ื–, 'ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืจื›ื‘ืช')

245

     ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ ื”ื’'ื™ื ื’'ื™ (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืงื ื–, 'ื ื•ืฃ ืขื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืฆื™ื')

248

2001

 

     ื‘ื•ื‘ืช ื ื—ื•ื-ืชืงื•ื (ื“ื‘ ืืœื‘ื•ื™ื, 'ื—ื™ื™ ืขื ื”ืื‘ื•ืช')

251

     ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืœื˜ืจื–ื™ืŸ (ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœื” ืื‘ื™ื’ื•ืจ ืจื•ืชื, 'ื—ืžืกื™ืŸ ื•ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื•ืช')

253

     ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉืึธื (ืจื—ืœ ื˜ืœืฉื™ืจ, 'ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช')

255

     ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืจื™ื ื•ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ (ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืคื ืจ, 'ื›ืžื• ืื‘ืœืืจ, ื›ืžื• ืืœื•ืื™ื–')

257

2002

 

     ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืœืฉื•ืŸ (ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื’ืจื•ืกืžืŸ, 'ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื”')

259

     'ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื' (ืื”ืจืŸ ืžื’ื“, 'ืขื“ ืขืจื‘')

261

     'ืื ื™ ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™' (ืฉืœื•ื ืื™ืœืชื™, 'ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื”ืจ')

266

     ื’ื™ืฉื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืคืœ (ืกืžื™ ื‘ืจื“ื•ื’ื•, 'ื›ื›ื” ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขื ื”ืจื•ื—')

271

     ืกื•ื“ ืื—ื™ื–ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื (ืžืื™ืจ ืฉืœื•, 'ืคื•ื ื˜ื ืœื”')

273

     ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื’ืจื” (ืื™ืชืžืจ ื–ื”ืจ, 'ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจืฃ')

275

     ื•ืื ื™ืฉืืœ ื”ืžืœืืš (ื‘ื ื™ ืžืจ, 'ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช')

277

2003

 

     ื”ื ืขื“ืจ ื•ื”ื ื•ื›ื— (ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœ, 'ื˜ื™ืจื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคื ื”ื ืคืฉ')

281

     'ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ืงื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™' (ืฆื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ-ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื’ื™ื ื•ืจ, 'ื‘ื ืกื•ืข ื”ืืจื•ืŸ')

283

 

 

ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื™ืฉื™: ืงืจื™ืื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช

 

     ืคื™ื ืช ืฉืงื˜ ืœื—ืœื•ื (ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉืฅ, 'ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื“ืžืžื”')

296

     ืงืœืกื™ืงื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช (ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ, 'ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช')

299

     ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื–ืขื™ืจื” (ืžื ืฉื” ืœื•ื™ืŸ, 'ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื')

300

     ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื (ื’. ืฉื•ืคืžืŸ, 'ืฉืœื›ืช')

304

     ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฉืŸ (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืคืจืœื”, 'ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืกืชื')

307

     ืžืกืš ืื“ื•ื, ื’'ื™ืค ื›ื—ื•ืœ (ื™ื’ืืœ ืžื•ืกื™ื ื–ื•ืŸ, 'ืืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืฉืง')

309

     ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช (ืื•ืจื™ ืื‘ื ืจื™, 'ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ืคืœืฉืช 1948')

312

     ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ (ืื”ืจืŸ ืืžื™ืจ, 'ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœื”')

314

     ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืคืชื•ื— (ืก. ื™ื–ื”ืจ, 'ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื ื™ื—ืคื•ืช')

317

     ืžื‘ื•ื™ ืกืชื•ื (ืžืฉื” ืฉืžื™ืจ, 'ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ')

320

     ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืžื•ืœื“ืช ืžื™ื˜ืœื˜ืœืช (ืฆื‘ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื’ืจื–ื•ืŸ, 'ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื ื’ืžืจ')

321

     ืžืกืื™ ืฉื”ืืคื™ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจ (ื“ืŸ ืฆืœืงื”, 'ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืจืงืœ')

325

     ื‘ื—ืฆืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžื• (ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืœ, 'ื”ื—ืžืกื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ')

326

     ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช, ื”ืชื•ื ื•ื”ื›ืื‘ (ื™ื”ื•ืืฉ ื‘ื™ื‘ืจ, 'ื—ื“ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ื”')

328

     ื‘ืจืื™ ื”ืกึทื˜ื™ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช (ืืคืจื™ื ืงื™ืฉื•ืŸ, 'ืขื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”')

330

     ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืœื™ื•ืŸ (ื ืกื™ื ืืœื•ื ื™, 'ื ืคื•ืœื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ื—ื™ ืื• ืžืช!')

331

     ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืงื ื–, 'ืžื•ืžื ื˜ ืžื•ืกื™ืงืœื™')

333

 

 

ืžืคืชื— ื”ืฉืžื•ืช

337

 

 


ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ