ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื (1976)

Nir Baram

    ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื, ื‘ื ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื–ื™ ื‘ืจืขื, ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื“ืณ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืœืดื•, 2 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1976 ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื‘ื™ืชึพื”ื›ืจื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืืžื•, ืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ื•ืชื™ืงื”. ืื‘ื™ื•, ืขื•ื–ื™, ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ื›ื ืกืช ื•ืฉืจ ืžื˜ืขื ืžืคืœื’ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืœืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื“ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ืกืคืจื•ืช. ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืŸ ืชืฉืขึพืขืฉืจื” ื ืคื˜ืจื” ืืžื• ืžืžื—ืœืช ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื ืกืข ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื–ืจ ืืจืฆื” ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ื”ื—ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 2006 ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ื–ืžื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ืฉืงืจื ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื”. ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ืกืฃ ืดืกืคืจื™ืืด ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืคื™ืจืกื ืฉื ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืจื•ื— ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื•ืจื™, ืืดื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ืื—ืจื™ื.
    ืขืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื: ืงืœืืกื™ืงื” ืžื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ืกื“ืจืช ืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืด972ืด, ืฉื‘ื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืจื•ื—, ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื•ื›ืŸ ืกื“ืจืช ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืขืจื™ื‘. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืจืš (ืขื ืื™ืจื™ื ื” ื•ืจื•ื‘ืœึพื’ื•ืœื•ื‘ืงื™ื ื”) ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื–ืจืงืœื•: ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (2005).
    ืืช ืกืคืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ืกื’ื•ืœ (ื–ืžื•ืจื”ึพื‘ื™ืชืŸ, 1998), ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ื›ืฉืฉื”ื” ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ. ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ืžืชืืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ ืจื•ื•ื”, ืฆืขื™ืจ ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ืจื™ืงื ื™, ื•ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืœืžืื™ื”, ื”ื ื•ืกืขืช ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืฉื—ืง. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืจืฆื— ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•.
    ื‘ึพ2000 ืจืื” ืื•ืจ ืกืคืจื• ื”ืฉื ื™, ื™ืœื“ื™ ื ืฉืฃ ื”ืชื—ืคื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ื‘ึพ2006 ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช, ืฉื–ื›ื” ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืชืืจ ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื” ืืคื•ืงืœื™ืคื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•: ื’ืฉืžื™ ืขื•ื– ื•ื‘ืจื“, ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช, ืกืขืจืช ืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ืฉืจืคื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืœ ืืœื” ืฉืขืช ื–ืจื™ื—ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžืชืื—ืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžืชื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ื ืœื™ืื•ืจ ื•ืืœื•ืŸ, ืื—ื•ืช ื•ืื— ืชืื•ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื—ืกื™ื”ื ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื™ื•ืืœ ื•ืจื—ืœ, ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ื™, ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืคืœื•ืก. ื™ื•ืืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื—ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื. ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื›ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื ืง, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืคืจึตื“ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืฉื›ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืกืคืจ ื ืžื ื” ืขื ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืคืจืก ืกืคื™ืจ ื‘ึพ2007.
    ืื•ืจื ื” ืœื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ (2006) ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืชื” ืขืœ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืขื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืดืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืด. ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจื”: ืดื‘ืจืขื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื• ืœื”ืชื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืœื‘ ื•ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ื•ืชื, ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื‘ื›ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ืš, ืœืฉืจื˜ื˜ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกืคื™ืจื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืชึพืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืชืด.
    ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืขื ื”ื™ื ืื ื˜ื™ืชื–ื” ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ื”ืดืจื–ื”ืด ืžื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื–ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื˜ืื•ื‘, ื•ื”ื™ื, ื›ืžื“ื•ืžื”, ืื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ. ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช ื•ืžื ื•ืžืงื•ืช, ื”ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื ื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื•ืจื˜ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ืขืฉื™ืจื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื• ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื•: ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืžืชื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜.
    ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืกืคืจื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื (2010). ืขื™ืงืจื• ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืจื ืคื•ืช ื•ืžื ื™ืขื™ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืœื” ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืกืฃ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”: ืชื•ืžืก ื”ื™ื™ื–ืœื‘ืจื’, ืคืจืกื•ืžืื™ ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืื™, ื•ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื” (ืกืืฉื”) ื•ื™ื™ืกื‘ืจื’, ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ึพืจื•ืกื™. ื–ื”ื• ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™, ื”ืžืชื›ืชื‘ ืขื ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ โ€“ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื•ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ โ€“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืขื ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื ืขืžื” ืฉืคื™ (2010): ืดื‘ืจืขื ืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขืœื™ืœื” ื”ืžืขื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ืขืœ ืœื•ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจ ื’ืขืฉืด. ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื”: ืดืžืจืฉื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ [โ€ฆ] ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืชื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื•, ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืฆื•ืคืŸ ืœื”ื ืขืชื™ื“ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืจืฉื” ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื [โ€ฆ]. ื›ืš ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืคืชื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืชื•ืžืก ื•ืืช ืกืืฉื” ืœืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื™ืกื˜ื•ืคืœืก ืฉื—ื•ืงื•ืชืด.
    ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืกืคืจื• ืฆืœ ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ืืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื‘ืจืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช. ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืžืกืคืจ ืฆื™ืจื™ ืขืœื™ืœื” ื•ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืžื ืกื— ืฉืืœื•ืช (ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช) ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงืฉืจ ื”ื’ื•ืจื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื”.
    ืกืคืจื• ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2016, ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืžืกืขื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืขื ืœื’ื“ื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœืžื–ืจื— ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืžืกืข ืฉืืจืš ื›ืฉื ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ 2014โ€“2015, ื•ื”ืชื ื”ืœ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื—ื˜ื™ืคืช ื•ืจืฆื— ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื ืขืจื™ื, ื•ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฆื•ืง ืื™ืชืŸ. ื‘ืจืขื ื ืคื’ืฉ ื•ืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ ื—ืžืืก ื•ืคืชืื—, ืœืฆื“ ืžืชื ื—ืœื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื, ื•ืฉืจื˜ื˜ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืดืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืจื™ืืด, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ึพืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™. ื”ืกืคืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืกืจื˜ ื“ื•ืงื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™, ื‘ื‘ื™ืžื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืขื ื•ืžื™ื›ืืœ ืืœืœื•, ื•ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ืื•ืคื™ืจ ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื”ืงืฆืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ืช 2018.
    ืกืคืจื• ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืขื, ื™ืงื™ืฆื” (2018), ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืกืคืจื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืกืคืจ ื–ื”, ื”ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ืืจ ืœืจื•ืžืŸ, ืฉื•ืชืœ ื‘ืจืขื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื•ืช ืืžื•. ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืกื•ืคืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ื”ื” ื‘ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื•, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื•ื ืื—ื– ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืขื ื™ื•ืืœ, ื•ื ืขืจื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืกืคืจื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื•ืขื” (2021) ืžืกืคืจ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ, ืกื•ืคืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืจื“ื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืžืกืข ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ื ื• ื”ืงื˜ืŸ. ื”ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืืœ ื”ืจ ืฉื‘ื•, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื”, ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ืื“ื ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื ื“ื™ืจ: ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ืืœื ืฉืขืœ ื”ื”ืจ ืžืชื’ืœื” ืœื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขื‘ืจื• ื•ืœืื”ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•. ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืขืœืžื•, ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืคื•ืœืฉ ื’ื ืœื”ื•ื•ื”. ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ื•ืจื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ืฉื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื•, ื•ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื ืžืชืžืกืจื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื“ื™. 
    ื‘ืจืขื ื”ื•ื ื—ืชืŸ ืคืจืก ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืœืฉื ืช 2010, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืœืคืจืก ืกืคื™ืจ, ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช (2007), ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื (2010) ื•ื™ืงื™ืฆื” (2018).

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืกื™ ืกืชื•ื™ ื•ื™ื’ืืœ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช 
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื” ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื™ืฉ
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ื’ืจื ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”]
ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืืกื ืช ืงืจืกื ื ืกืงื™ ืฉื ื™

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ืกื’ื•ืœ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื–ืžื•ืจื”ึพื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉื ืดื— 1998) <ืจื•ืžืŸ> <ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ืช>
  • Purple love story / aus dem Hebrรคischen von Ruth Achlama ; herausgegeben von Chaja Koren-Born (Frankfurt a.M. : Orgler Verlag, 2001)
  • ื™ืœื“ื™ ื ืฉืฃ ื”ืชื—ืคื•ืฉื•ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื–ืžื•ืจื”ึพื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืดืก 2000) <ืจื•ืžืŸ>
  • ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืชืจ, 2006) <ืจื•ืžืŸ. ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ืช>
  • Der Wiedertraฬˆumer :  Roman / aus dem Hebraฬˆischen von Lydia Boฬˆhmer und Harry Oberlaฬˆnder (Frankfurt am Main : Schoฬˆffling, 2009)
  • ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืดืข 2010) <ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืกืคืจื“ื™ืช, ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช, ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ืช, ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช, ืœื ื•ืจื‘ื’ื™ืช, ืœืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช, ืœืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ืœื“ื ื™ืช ื•ืœืงืจื•ืื˜ื™ืช>
  • Las buenas personas / traduccioฬn del hebreo de Ana Mariฬa Bejarano (Meฬxico : Aguilar, Altea, Taurus, Alfaguara,  2010)
  • Brave persone / traduzione di Elisa Carandina (Milano : Ponte alle Grazie, 2011)
  • Gute Leute : Roman / aus dem Hebraฬˆischen von Markus Lemke (Muฬˆnchen : Hanser, 2012)
  • Goede mensen / vertaald uit het Hebreeuws door Hilde Pach (Amsterdam : De Bezige Bij, 2012)
  • Gode mennesker / oversatt fra hebraisk av Kjell Risvik (Oslo : Gyldendal, 2012)
  • La bona gent / traduccioฬ de lืณhebreu dืณEulaฬ€lia Sariola (Barcelona : Empuฬries,  2013)
  • Le jeu des circonstances / traduit de lืณheฬbreu par Ziva Avran et Arlette Pierrot ; preฬface de A. B. Yehoshua (Paris : R. Laffont, 2014)
  • Gode mennesker / Oversat efter den tyske udgave: Gute Leute โ€“ Henrik Andersen (Kbh. : Gyldeldal, 2014)
  • Dobri ljudi / prevela s hebrejskog Laila ล prajc (Zapreลกiฤ‡ : Fraktura, 2018)
  • ืฆืœ ืขื•ืœื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืขืดื’ 2013) <ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืกืคืจื“ื™ืช, ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช, ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ืช, ืœื ื•ืจื‘ื’ื™ืช ื•ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช>
  • La sombra del mundo / traduccioฬn del hebreo de Isabel Mariฬn (Madrid : Alfaguara, 2015)
  • Wereldschaduw / uit het Hebreeuws vertaald door Sylvie Hoyinck (Amsterdam : De Bezige Bij, 2015)
  • Weltschatten : Roman / aus dem Hebraฬˆischen von Markus Lemke (Muฬˆnchen : Carl Hanser Verlag, 2016)
  • Verdens skygge / oversatt fra hebraisk av Kjell Risvik (Oslo : Gyldendal, 2017)
  • World shadow / translated from the Hebrew by Jessica Cohen (Melbourne, Vic. : Text Publishing Company, 2022)
  • ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, 2016) <ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ืช, ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช ื•ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช>
  • Im Land der Verzweiflung : ein Israeli reist in die besetzten Gebiete / aus dem Hebraฬˆischen von Markus Lemke (Muฬˆnchen : Carl Hanser Verlag, 2016)
  • Een land zonder grenzen : een Israeฬˆlische schrijver reist door de bezette gebieden / uit het Hebreeuws vertaald door Sylvie Hoyinck ; landkaarten Peter Bal (Amsterdam : De Bezige Bij, 2016)
  • A land without borders : my journey around East Jerusalem and the West Bank / translated from the Hebrew by Jessica Cohen (Melbourne, Vic. : Text Publishing Company, 2017)
  • ื™ืงื™ืฆื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืขืดื— 2018) <ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช, ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื•ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช>
  • Aan het einde van de nacht / vertaald uit het Hebreeuws door Hilde Pach (Amsterdam : De Bezige Bij, 2020)
  • Erwachen / aus dem Hebraฬˆischen von Ulrike Harnisch (Muฬˆnchen : Carl Hanser Verlag, 2020)
  • At night's end / translated by Jessica Cohen (Melbourne, Vic. : Text Publishing Company, 2020)
  • ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื•ืขื” (ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 2021)

ืขืจื™ื›ื”:

  • ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช : ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืกืดื’ 2003) <ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื ืขื” ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’>
  • ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ : ืžืืกื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืื ืืœ ื•ืขื“ ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ึพืฆื™ื•ื ื™ / ืฉืœืžื” ื–ื ื“ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืกืดื” 2004) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื ืขื” ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’>
  • ื–ืจืงืืœื• : ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื— ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, 2005) <ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื™ืจื™ื ื” ื•ืจื•ื‘ืœึพื’ื•ืœื•ื‘ืงื™ื ื”>
  • ืชื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช : ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืกืดื– 2007) <ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืžืชื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœื•ืฃ, ื ืคืชืœื™ ืฉืึพื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื>

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

  • ื‘ืจืขื, ื ื™ืจ. ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืฉืงืจ. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 660 (ื™ืดื“ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืกืดื•, 17 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2005), ืขืžืณ 20โ€“21 <ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืœ ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื, ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•>.
  • ื‘ืจืขื, ื ื™ืจ. ืื™ืคื” ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘.  ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืฉื™ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ืดื“ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืดืข, 3 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2010, ืขืžืณ 53.
  • ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ื˜ืœื™ื”.  ืดื‘ื’ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“, ืœื”ืคืœื™ื’ ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ, ืœื‘ืจื•ื ืขื•ืœืžื•ืชืด.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ, ื™ืดื– ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืขืดื˜, 25 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2018, ืขืžืณ 8โ€“9.
  • ืฉืžื•ืืœื•ืฃ, ืžืชื™.  ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื–ืงื•ืฃ : ืžื‘ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืจึพื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื.  ืชื• ืคืœื•ืก, ื’ืœืณ 8 (ืกืชื™ื• 2006), ืขืžืณ 60โ€“65.
  • ืฉืžื•ืืœื•ืฃ, ืžืชื™.  ื”ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ื: ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ ืžื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื: ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืก ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืคืดื’, ื’ืœืณ 1 (ื ื™ืกืŸโ€“ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืกืดื˜, ืืคืจื™ืœ 2009), ืขืžืณ 57โ€“60.
ืขืœ ืดืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ืกื’ื•ืœืด
  • ื”ื•ืœืฆืžืŸ, ืื‘ื ืจ. ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืกืจื™ืช. ื‘ืกืคืจื•: ืžืคืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื : ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ื™ื•ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ : ืกืคืจื™ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื”, 2005), ืขืžืณ 185โ€“186 <ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืณืžื•ืกืฃ ืจื“ื™ื• ืœืกืคืจื•ืชืณ, ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1998>
  • ื›ืจืžื™, ื ืขืžื”. ื“ื•ืจ ื—ืกืจ ื ื—ืช. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 280 (ื™ืดื“ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉื ืดื—, 8 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1998), ืขืžืณ 5; ื’ืœืณ 281 (ื›ืดื ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉื ืดื—, 15 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1998), ืขืžืณ 10.
  • ื ื‘ื•ืŸ, ืขืžื™ืช.  ืขื•ื–ื•ืŸ.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘ ืกื•ืคืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื›ืดื• ื‘ึฐึผืึดื™ึธื™ืจ ืชืฉื ืดื—,  22 ื‘ืžืื™ 1998, ืขืžืณ 34 <ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืกื•ืคืจ>
  • ืจื™ื ื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ืื‘. ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืจืฆื— ืจื‘ื™ืŸ. ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื‘ืณ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉื ืดื—, 26 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1998, ืขืžืณ 27.
ืขืœ ืดื™ืœื“ื™ ื ืฉืฃ ื”ืชื—ืคื•ืฉื•ืชืด
  • ื›ื”ืŸ, ืื•ืจื™ ืฉ. ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ โ€“ ื•ื’ื ืœืžื—ื•ืง. ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื™ืดื– ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืกืดื, 12 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2001, ืขืžืณ 28.
  • ืžืœืฆืจ, ื™ื•ืจื. ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ืจืข? ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ื“ืณ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืกืดื, 1 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2000, ืขืžืณ 26.
  • ืฉื™ืœื•ืŸ, ืื‘ื™.  ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื ื•ืจื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืดื ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืกืดื,  20 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2000, ืขืžืณ 10โ€“11.
ืขืœ ืดืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชืด ืขืœ ืดืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืืด
  • ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™, ื™ื•ื‘ืœ.  ื”ื›ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.  ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืฉื™ืฉื‘ืช, ื˜ืดื– ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืดืข, 30 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2010, ืขืžืณ 46โ€“47.
  • ื‘ืŸึพืฉืžื—ื•ืŸ, ืงื•ื‘ื™.  ื ื•ื˜ืข ื”ื—ืกื“.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™, ื“ืณ ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืดืข, 19 ื‘ืžืืจืก 2010, ืขืžืณ 62โ€“66 <ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ืขืœ ืกืคืจื•>
  • ืคืกืง ื–ืžืŸ ืขื ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื.  Time Out ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื’ืœืณ 385 (18 ืขื“ 25 ื‘ืžืืจืก 2010), ืขืžืณ  162 <ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืขื ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื•>
  • ื’ืœืกื ืจ, ืืจื™ืง.  ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืจืฆื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›ืดื” ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืดืข, 9 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2010, ืขืžืณ 22โ€“23 <ืคื•ืจืกื ื’ื ื‘ืืชืจื• ืฉืœ ืืจื™ืง ื’ืœืกื ืจ>
  • ืœื™ื‘ื ื”, ื™ื•ื ื™.  ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื“ืจื•ืช ืงืจืœ ืžืจืงืก.  ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, 7 ืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื˜ืณ ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืดืข, 23 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2010, ืขืžืณ 21.
  • ืžื•ืจื™ืก, ืื•ืจื™ืŸ ืืจื™ื”.  ื”ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉืจืœื˜ืŸ.  ืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืช, ื’ืœืณ 673 (ื›ืณ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืดืข, 2 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2010), ืขืžืณ 17.
  • ืงืงื•ืŸ, ืื•ืจืŸ.  ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืดืื’ื“ืด ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื•ืณ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืดืข, 18 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2010, ืขืžืณ 1, 4.
  • ืจื•ื•ื”, ืขื ื‘ืจ.  ื”ืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืืœืกื˜ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื”ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื.   ืืจืฅ ืื—ืจืช, ื’ืœืณ 57 (ืกื™ื•ืŸโ€“ืื‘ ืชืฉืดืข, ื™ื•ื ื™โ€“ื™ื•ืœื™ 2010), ืขืžืณ 80โ€“82.
  • ืฉืคื™, ื ืขืžื”.  ื”ืงื•ื ืคื•ืจืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ    (ื›ืดื— ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืดืข, 12 ื‘ืžืื™ 2010), ืขืžืณ 4.
  • ืฉืจื•ืŸึพื‘ืœื™ื™ืก, ืขื ืช.  ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžื ืกื•ืช ืœื’ืขืช :ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ืดืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืืด ื•ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื• โ€“ืชื•ืžืก ื”ื™ื™ื–ืœื‘ืจื’, ืื™ืฉ ืคืจืกื•ื ื’ืจืžื ื™, ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื ืืฆื™ ื•ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจื” ื•ื™ื™ืกื‘ืจื’ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ืฉื—ื•ืœืžืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืกื’ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื”.ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื ืขืจืš ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ืจืื” ืื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืจืขื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื’ื ืœืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืชื”ื• ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืชื‘ ืจื•ืžืŸ ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืขืœ ืดืฆืœ ืขื•ืœืืด ืขืœ ืดื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืจื™ืืด ืขืœ ืดื™ืงื™ืฆื”ืด ืขืœ ืดื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื•ืขื”ืด

ืขืœ ืดืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืด ืขืœ ืดื–ืจืงืืœื•ืด ืขืœ ืดืชื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืชืด
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

OpenLibrary โ€“ OL5467296A Wikidata โ€“ Q12409877 J9U โ€“ 987007296000805171 NLI โ€“ 000393932 LC โ€“ no99009000 VIAF โ€“ 76554075
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 30 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2023

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ