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Polylithionite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Polylithionite (224)Recorded Ages and Analyses Discuss Polylithionite

Polylithionite Gallery Search Photos of Polylithionite

Edit Polylithionite Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Polylithionite, etc.

Point of Rocks Quarry, Point of Rocks Mesa, Springer, Colfax County, New Mexico, USA

Polylithionite

Point of Rocks Quarry, Point of Rocks Mesa, Springer, Colfax County, New Mexico, USA

Polylithionite, etc.

Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada

Polylithionite, etc.

Point of Rocks Quarry, Point of Rocks Mesa, Springer, Colfax County, New Mexico, USA

Polylithionite

Point of Rocks Quarry, Point of Rocks Mesa, Springer, Colfax County, New Mexico, USA

Polylithionite, etc.

Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada

Polylithionite, etc.

Point of Rocks Quarry, Point of Rocks Mesa, Springer, Colfax County, New Mexico, USA

Polylithionite

Point of Rocks Quarry, Point of Rocks Mesa, Springer, Colfax County, New Mexico, USA

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About PolylithioniteHide

Formula:

KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂

Colour:

White, gray, violet, light green, brownish, pinkish

Lustre:

Pearly

Hardness:

2 - 3

Specific Gravity:

2.58 - 2.82

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Member of:

Lepidolite Group > Trioctahedral mica Group > Mica Group

Name:

From the Greek πολύ "POLY," for many or much, and in allusion to its composition with a high LITHIum content. The name was introduced by Lorenzen (1884) for a lithium-rich mica found in syenite pegmatites at Kangerluarsuk (Kangerdluarssuk), Greenland. In 1884 it was the mineral with the greatest amout of lithium.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Kangerluarsuk Fjord, Ilímaussaq complex, Kujalleq, Greenland

Mica Group. Polylithionite-Trilithionite Series.

Also in the siderophyllite-polylithionite series.

The K analogue of the rubidium-dominant species UM2003-30-SiO:AlFLiRb.

Several polytypes are known (see below).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3260

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3260:1

IMA Classification of PolylithioniteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

KLi₂AlSi₄O₁₀F₂

First published:

1884

Classification of PolylithioniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.EC.20

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets

Dana 8th ed.:

71.2.2b.8

71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
2 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers

Hey's CIM Ref.:

17.2.2

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
2 : Silicates with fluoride

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Pln	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Pln	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download
Pln	Warr (2020)	Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of PolylithioniteHide

Lustre:

Pearly

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

White, gray, violet, light green, brownish, pinkish

Streak:

White

Hardness:

2 - 3 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Elastic

Cleavage:

Perfect
{001}

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Density:

2.58 - 2.82 g/cm³ (Measured) 2.84 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of PolylithioniteHide

Type:

Biaxial (-)

RI values:

n_α = 1.53 n_β = 1.551 - 1.556 n_γ = 1.555 - 1.559

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.025 - 0.029
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

None to Very Low
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.

No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (42°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.

Thickness: 30 µm

Stage rotation: 0°

Dispersion:

weak

Chemistry of PolylithioniteHide

Mindat Formula:

KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	40.993 %
Si	28.784 %
K	10.018 %
F	9.735 %
Al	6.913 %
Li	3.557 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, F, H, K, Li, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Ti,Fe,Mn,Mg,Ca,Na,H₂O

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:

	1	2
SiO₂	60.20 %	59.56 %
Al₂O₃	11.73 %	12.04 %
Nb₂O₅	0.08 %	1.52 %
TiO₂	1.10 %	0.48 %
Fe₂O₃	0.88 %	0.13 %
MgO	0.15 %	0.34 %
MnO	0.07 %	0.03 %
Li₂O	7.07 %	7.26 %
CaO	0.04 %
Na₂O	0.41 %	0.53 %
K₂O	11.15 %	11.05 %
Rb₂O	0.80 %	1.14 %
F	8.40 %	7.73 %
H₂O+	0.46 %	0.47 %
H₂O-	0.81 %	0.73 %
-O-F₂	-3.54 %	-3.26 %
FeO		0.42 %
Total:	99.81 %	100.17 %

Empirical formulas:

Sample ID	Empirical Formula
1	(K_0.94Na_0.05Rb_0.03)(Li_1.89Al_0.92Ti_0.06Fe³⁺_{0. 04}Mg_.02)Si_3.99O_10.00(F_1.76OH_0.04.)
3	(K_0.97Na_0.03Rb_0.01)_Σ1.01(Li_2.04Al_0.84Tⁱ⁴⁺_0.09Fe³⁺_0.03)_Σ3.00(Si_3.98Al_0.02)O₁₀[F_1.68(OH)_0.33]_Σ2

Sample references:

ID	Locality	Reference	Notes
1	Vøra, Vesterøya, Sandefjord, Vestfold, Norway	Raade, Gunnar, Larsen, Alf Olav (1980) Polylithionite from syenite pegmatite at Vøra, Sandefjord, Oslo Region, Norway. Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway, No. 65. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology], 60 (2) 117-124	Wet chemical and X-ray fluorescens. Empirical formula based on 12 (O,OH,F)
2	Kangerluarsuk Fjord, Ilímaussaq complex, Kujalleq, Greenland	Stevens, Rollin E. (1938) New analyses of lepidolites and their interpretation. American Mineralogist, 23 (10) 607-628	Sample nr 17 in the analysis. Large plates, greenish. Labelled as Greenland, most probably from Kangerluarsuk.
3	Dara-i-Pioz Massif, Districts of Republican Subordination, Tajikistan	Hawthorne, Frank C., Sokolova, Elena, Agakhanov, Atali A., Pautov, Leonid A., Karpenko, Vladimir Yu. (2019) The crystal structure of polylithionite-1M from Darai-Pioz, Tajikistan: the role of short-range order in driving symmetry reduction in 1M Li-rich mica. The Canadian Mineralogist, 57 (4) 519-528 doi:10.3749/canmin.1800083

Crystallography of PolylithioniteHide

Polytype:

Formula:

Crystal System:

Class (H-M)

Space Group:

Space Group Setting:

Cell Parameters:

Ratio:

Unit Cell Volume (calc):

Comment:

Polylithionite-1M	Polylithionite-2M2
KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂	KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂
Monoclinic	Monoclinic
2 - Sphenoidal	2/m - Prismatic
B2	B2/b
C2	C2/c
a = 5.251(1) Å, b = 9.066(2) Å, c = 10.087(2) Å β = 100.694(5)°	a = 5.262 Å, b = 9.085 Å, c = 10.099 Å β = 100.72°
a:b:c = 0.579 : 1 : 1.113	a:b:c = 0.579 : 1 : 1.112
V 471.86 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)	V 474.36 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

From Elmi et al. (2014) (sample MLG-114).	Data from Brigatti et al. (2005) (sample from Pikes Peak batholith; polytype 2M2); other cell reported: 5.18, 8.96, 10.02 A, 100.4°.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0004417	Polylithionite	Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Cibin G (2007) Crystal structure and chemical composition of Li-, Fe-, and Mn-rich micas American Mineralogist 92 1395-1400	2007	Mokrusha mine, Yuzhakova village, Murzinka region, Russia	293
0004416	Polylithionite	Brigatti M F, Mottana A, Malferrari D, Cibin G (2007) Crystal structure and chemical composition of Li-, Fe-, and Mn-rich micas American Mineralogist 92 1395-1400	2007	Hirukawa mine, Ena county, Gifu prefecture, Chibu region, Japan	293
0007102	Polylithionite	Brigatti M F, Caprilli E, Malferrari D, Medici L, Poppi L (2005) Crystal structure and chemistry of trilithionite-2M2 and polylithionite-2M2 European Journal of Mineralogy 17 475-481	2005	Varutrask, Vasterbotten, Sweden	293
0012230	Polylithionite	Swanson T H, Bailey S W (1981) Redetermination of the lepidolite-2M_1 structure Clays and Clay Minerals 29 81-90	1981	Bikupice, Czech Republic	293
0015663	Polylithionite	Sartori F (1977) The crystal structure of a 2M_1 lepidolite Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 24 23-37	1977	Biskupice, Moravia, Czech Republic	293
0002505	Polylithionite	Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) sample: 140(1) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286	2000		293
0002504	Polylithionite	Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286	2000		293
0002503	Polylithionite	Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286	2000		293
0002502	Polylithionite	Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286	2000		293
0002501	Polylithionite	Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286	2000		293
0002500	Polylithionite	Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) sample: 130(2) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286	2000		293
0002499	Polylithionite	Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) sample: 130(1) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286	2000		293
0002498	Polylithionite	Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286	2000		293
0002497	Polylithionite	Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286	2000		293
0002496	Polylithionite	Brigatti M F, Lugli C, Poppi L, Foord E E, Kile D E (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado) American Mineralogist 85 1275-1286	2000		293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Polylithionite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Brigatti M F'
'Mottana A'
'Malferrari D'
'Cibin G'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 92 
_journal_year 2007
_journal_page_first 1395
_journal_page_last 1400
_publ_section_title
;
 Crystal structure and chemical composition of Li-, Fe-, and Mn-rich micas
 Sample: Mokrusha
;
_database_code_amcsd 0004417
_chemical_compound_source 'Mokrusha mine, Yuzhakova village, Murzinka region, Russia'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Si3.32 Al1.68 Li1.32 Fe.36 Mn.16 Mg.16 K.94 Na.04 Ca.01 O10.1 (F1.9 H.1)'
_cell_length_a 5.297
_cell_length_b 9.133
_cell_length_c 10.168
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 100.78
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 483.222
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      2.862
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'C 1 2 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,z'
  '-x,y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
SiT1   0.07540   0.16930   0.22960   0.83000   0.01300
AlT1   0.07540   0.16930   0.22960   0.17000   0.01300
SiT11   0.58590   0.33320   0.22910   0.83000   0.01100
AlT11   0.58590   0.33320   0.22910   0.17000   0.01100
LiM1   0.00000   0.99200   0.50000   0.66000   0.01500
FeM1   0.00000   0.99200   0.50000   0.17000   0.01500
MnM1   0.00000   0.99200   0.50000   0.16000   0.01500
MgM1   0.00000   0.99200   0.50000   0.01000   0.01500
AlM2   0.00000   0.32260   0.50000   1.00000   0.01400
LiM3   0.50000   0.16200   0.50000   0.66000   0.00900
FeM3   0.50000   0.16200   0.50000   0.19000   0.00900
MgM3   0.50000   0.16200   0.50000   0.15000   0.00900
KA   0.00000   0.50100   0.00000   0.94000   0.02900
NaA   0.00000   0.50100   0.00000   0.04000   0.02900
CaA   0.00000   0.50100   0.00000   0.01000   0.02900
O1   0.03010   1.00260   0.17170   1.00000   0.02300
O2   0.32060   0.23700   0.16970   1.00000   0.02700
O22   0.81970   0.26350   0.16330   1.00000   0.02100
O3   0.12030   0.17700   0.39370   1.00000   0.01700
O33   0.66020   0.32880   0.39310   1.00000   0.02100
O-H4   0.11160   0.47490   0.40010   0.05000   0.01900
F4   0.11160   0.47490   0.40010   0.95000   0.01900
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
SiT1 0.00900 0.01000 0.02300 0.00400 0.00600 0.00100
AlT1 0.00900 0.01000 0.02300 0.00400 0.00600 0.00100
SiT11 0.01300 0.00800 0.01100 0.00300 0.00000 0.00200
AlT11 0.01300 0.00800 0.01100 0.00300 0.00000 0.00200
LiM1 0.01100 0.01000 0.02500 0.00000 0.00500 0.00000
FeM1 0.01100 0.01000 0.02500 0.00000 0.00500 0.00000
MnM1 0.01100 0.01000 0.02500 0.00000 0.00500 0.00000
MgM1 0.01100 0.01000 0.02500 0.00000 0.00500 0.00000
AlM2 0.00500 0.00900 0.02800 0.00000 0.00600 0.00000
LiM3 0.00800 0.00800 0.00800 0.00000 -0.00300 0.00000
FeM3 0.00800 0.00800 0.00800 0.00000 -0.00300 0.00000
MgM3 0.00800 0.00800 0.00800 0.00000 -0.00300 0.00000
KA 0.02800 0.02300 0.03500 0.00000 0.00300 0.00000
NaA 0.02800 0.02300 0.03500 0.00000 0.00300 0.00000
CaA 0.02800 0.02300 0.03500 0.00000 0.00300 0.00000
O1 0.02300 0.01800 0.02500 0.00500 0.00000 -0.01100
O2 0.02000 0.03700 0.02300 -0.00600 0.00500 -0.00800
O22 0.01900 0.02300 0.02300 0.00700 0.01000 -0.00300
O3 0.01800 0.02100 0.01000 0.00900 -0.00100 -0.00200
O33 0.02700 0.00800 0.02800 0.01000 0.00400 0.00200
O-H4 0.01900 0.01700 0.02100 -0.00500 0.00200 -0.00100
F4 0.01900 0.01700 0.02100 -0.00500 0.00200 -0.00100

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Loading XRD data...

2θ (degrees) d-spacing (Å)

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
34 : Complex granite pegmatites

Type Occurrence of PolylithioniteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Kangerluarsuk Fjord, Ilímaussaq complex, Kujalleq, Greenland

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

The Handbook of Mineralogy gives University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, but the IMA Type Specimen Catalogue has no material listed.

Synonyms of PolylithioniteHide

Fluor-polylithionite

Other Language Names for PolylithioniteHide

Dutch:Polylithioniet

German:Polylithionit

Simplified Chinese:多硅锂云母

Spanish:Polylithionita

Traditional Chinese:多矽鋰雲母

Varieties of PolylithioniteHide

Caesium-bearing Polylithionite

Relationship of Polylithionite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Lepidolite Group > Trioctahedral mica Group > Mica Group

Other Members of Lepidolite:

Fluorluanshiweiite	KLiAl_1.5(Si_3.5Al_0.5)O₁₀F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Luanshiweiite	KLiAl_1.5(Si_3.5Al_0.5)O₁₀(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
'Polylithionite-Trilithionite Series'
Trilithionite	K(Li_1.5Al_1.5)(AlSi₃O₁₀)(F,OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b

Forms a series with:

Siderophyllite	Zinnwaldite
Trilithionite	Polylithionite-Trilithionite Series
Siderophyllite	Siderophyllite-Polylithionite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

186 photos of Polylithionite associated with Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
134 photos of Polylithionite associated with Serandite	NaMn²⁺₂Si₃O₈(OH)
112 photos of Polylithionite associated with Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
76 photos of Polylithionite associated with Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
68 photos of Polylithionite associated with Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
63 photos of Polylithionite associated with Leucophanite	NaCaBeSi₂O₆F
61 photos of Polylithionite associated with Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
61 photos of Polylithionite associated with Rhodochrosite	MnCO₃
39 photos of Polylithionite associated with Tugtupite	(BeAlSi)Na₄(SiO₄)₃Cl
26 photos of Polylithionite associated with Quartz	SiO₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.EC.	Meifuite	KFe₆(Si₇Al)O₁₉(OH)₄Cl₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.	Balestraite	KLi₂V⁵⁺Si₄O₁₂	Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.05	Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.05	Minnesotaite	Fe²⁺₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.05	Willemseite	Ni₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	Mon.
9.EC.9.EC.	Voloshinite	Rb(LiAl_1.5◻_0.5)(Al_0.5Si_3.5)O₁₀F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.10	Fluorluanshiweiite	KLiAl_1.5(Si_3.5Al_0.5)O₁₀F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.10	Garmite	CsLiMg₂(Si₄O₁₀)F₂	Mon.
9.EC.10	Gorbunovite	CsLi₂(Ti,Fe)Si₄O₁₀(F,OH,O)₂	Mon.
9.EC.10	Ferripyrophyllite	Fe³⁺Si₂O₅(OH)	Mon. 2/m
9.EC.10	Manganiceladonite	K(MgMn³⁺◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
9.EC.10	Luanshiweiite	KLiAl_1.5(Si_3.5Al_0.5)O₁₀(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.10	Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	Tric. 1
9.EC.15	Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
9.EC.15	Ferroaluminoceladonite	K(Fe²⁺Al◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15	Nanpingite	CsAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH,F)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15	Ferroceladonite	K(Fe²⁺Fe³⁺◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15	Ganterite	Ba_0.5(Na,K)_0.5Al₂(Si_2.5Al_1.5)O₁₀(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15	Kreiterite	CsLi₂Fe³⁺(Si₄O₁₀)F₂	Mon.
9.EC.15	Roscoelite	KV³⁺₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15	Aluminoceladonite	K(MgAl◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15	Tobelite	(NH₄)Al₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15	Tainiolite	KLiMg₂(Si₄O₁₀)F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15	Celadonite	K(MgFe³⁺◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15	Chromceladonite	K(MgCr◻)(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.15	Montdorite	KFe²⁺_1.5Mn²⁺_0.5Mg_0.5Si₄O₁₀(F,OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15	Chromphyllite	KCr₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15	Boromuscovite	KAl₂(BSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m
9.EC.15	'UM1988-22-SiO:AlCaFFeHKLiMg'	KLiMgAl₂Si₃O₁₀F₂	Mon.
9.EC.15	Chernykhite	(Ba,Na)(V³⁺,Al,Mg)₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
9.EC.15	Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.20	Masutomilite	K(LiAlMn²⁺)[AlSi₃O₁₀]F₂	Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.20	Oxyphlogopite	K(Mg,Ti,Fe)₃[(Si,Al)₄O₁₀](O,F)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	'Chloroferrokinoshitalite'	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(Cl,OH,F)₂
9.EC.20	Siderophyllite	KFe²⁺₂Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
9.EC.20	Sokolovaite	CsLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)F₂	Mon.
9.EC.20	Hendricksite	KZn₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	Tetraferriphlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Fe³⁺)O₁₀(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	Fluorannite	KFe²⁺₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	Aspidolite	NaMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	Suhailite	(NH₄)Fe²⁺₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	Ephesite	NaLiAl₂(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.20	Norrishite	KLiMn³⁺₂(Si₄O₁₀)O₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	Yangzhumingite	KMg_2.5(Si₄O₁₀)F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	Orlovite	KLi₂Ti(Si₄O₁₀)OF	Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.20	Tetraferriannite	KFe²⁺₃(Si₃Fe³⁺)O₁₀(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	Shirokshinite	K(NaMg₂)(Si₄O₁₀)F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	Trilithionite	K(Li_1.5Al_1.5)(AlSi₃O₁₀)(F,OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.20	Shirozulite	KMn²⁺₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	Preiswerkite	NaMg₂Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.20	Fluorophlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	Wonesite	(Na,K,◻)(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH,F)₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	'UM2004-49-SiO:AlCsFHKLi'	(Cs,K)(Al,Li)_2.6((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂
9.EC.20	Fluorotetraferriphlogopite	KMg₃(Fe³⁺Si₃O₁₀)F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	Annite	KFe²⁺₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20	Eastonite	KMg₂Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
9.EC.22	'Pimelite'	Ni₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · 4H₂O	Hex.
9.EC.30	Margarite	CaAl₂(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.35	Kinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn²⁺,Al)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35	Ferrokinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH,F)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35	Clintonite	CaAlMg₂(SiAl₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35	Oxykinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(O,OH,F)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35	Fluorokinoshitalite	BaMg₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35	Bityite	CaLiAl₂(AlBeSi₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.35	Anandite	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃((Si,Al,Fe)₄O₁₀)(S,OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.40	Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.40	Beidellite	(Na,Ca_0.5)_0.3Al₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.40	Volkonskoite	Ca_0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O	Mon.
9.EC.40	Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.40	Kurumsakite	(Zn,Ni,Cu)₈Al₈V⁵⁺₂Si₅O₃₅ · 27H₂O (?)	Orth.
9.EC.40	Yakhontovite	(Ca,Na)_0.5(Cu,Fe,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 3H₂O	Mon.
9.EC.45	Swinefordite	Li(Al,Li,Mg)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)₂(OH,F)₄ · nH₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.45	Hectorite	Na_0.3(Mg,Li)₃(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.45	Zincsilite	Zn₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ · 4H₂O (?)	Mon.
9.EC.45	Hanjiangite	Ba₂CaV³⁺Al(H₂AlSi₃O₁₂)(CO₃)₂F	Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.45	Spadaite	MgSiO₂(OH)₂ · H₂O (?)
9.EC.45	Ferrosaponite	Ca_0.3(Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O	Mon.
9.EC.45	Stevensite	(Ca,Na)_xMg_3-x(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂	Mon.
9.EC.45	Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O	Mon.
9.EC.45	Sauconite	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O	Mon.
9.EC.50	Vermiculite	Mg_0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O	Mon. 2/m
9.EC.52	'Tarasovite'	near NaKAl₁₁Si₁₃O₄₀(OH)₉ · 3H₂O
9.EC.55	Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55	Borocookeite	(LiAl₄◻)[BSi₃O₁₀](OH)₈	Mon. m : Bb
9.EC.55	Franklinfurnaceite	Ca₂Fe³⁺Mn²⁺₃Mn³⁺(Zn₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₈	Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.55	Pennantite	Mn²⁺₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	Tric.
9.EC.55	Vakhrushevaite	Mg₅Cr(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	Tric. 1
9.EC.55	Nimite	Ni₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55	Cookeite	(LiAl₄◻)[AlSi₃O₁₀](OH)₈	Mon. 2/m
9.EC.55	Gonyerite	Mn²⁺₅Fe³⁺(Fe³⁺Si₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	Orth.
9.EC.55	Chamosite	Fe²⁺₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55	'Orthochamosite'	(Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺)₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH,O)₈
9.EC.55	Baileychlore	Zn₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	Tric. 1
9.EC.55	Sudoite	Mg₂Al₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55	Glagolevite	Na(Mg,Al)₆(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH,O)₈	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.55	Donbassite	Al_4.33(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.60	Dozyite	Mg₇Al₂(Al₂Si₄O₁₅)(OH)₁₂	Mon.
9.EC.60	Rectorite	(Na,Ca)Al₄((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₄ · 2H₂O	Mon.
9.EC.60	Corrensite	(Mg,Fe)₉((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₁₀ · nH₂O	Orth.
9.EC.60	Aliettite	Ca_0.2Mg₆((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₄ · 4H₂O	Mon.
9.EC.60	Karpinskite	(Ni,Mg)₂Si₂O₅(OH)₂ (?)	Mon.
9.EC.60	Lunijianlaite	Li_0.7Al_6.2(AlSi₇O₂₀)(OH,O)₁₀	Mon.
9.EC.60	Tosudite	Na_0.5(Al,Mg)₆((Si,Al)₈O₁₈)(OH)₁₂ · 5H₂O	Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.60	Hydrobiotite	K(Mg,Fe²⁺)₆((Si,Al)₈O₂₀)(OH)₄ · nH₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.60	Saliotite	(Li,Na)Al₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.60	Kulkeite	Mg₈Al(AlSi₇O₂₀)(OH)₁₀	Mon.
9.EC.60	Brinrobertsite	Na_0.3Al₄(Si₄O₁₀)₂(OH)₄ · 3.5 H₂O	Mon.
9.EC.65	Macaulayite	(Fe,Al)₂₄Si₄O₄₃(OH)₂	Mon.
9.EC.70	Burckhardtite	Pb₂(Fe³⁺Te⁶⁺)[AlSi₃O₈]O₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m
9.EC.75	Niksergievite	(Ba,Ca)₂Al₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(CO₃)(OH)₆ · nH₂O	Mon.
9.EC.75	Ferrisurite	(Pb,Ca)_2.4Fe³⁺₂(Si₄O₁₀)(CO₃)_1.7(OH)₃ · nH₂O	Mon.
9.EC.75	Surite	(Pb,Ca)₃(Al,Fe²⁺,Mg)₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	Mon. 2 : P2₁
9.EC.80	Kegelite	Pb₈Al₄(Si₈O₂₀)(SO₄)₂(CO₃)₄(OH)₈	Mon.

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:

Element	% Content	Activity (Bq/kg)	Radiation Type
Uranium (U)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Thorium (Th)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Potassium (K)	10.0176%	3,105	β, γ

For comparison:

Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Mass of radioactive mineral:

Shielding material:

Activity: –

Distance	Dose rate	Risk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μ_shield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((A_U × Γ_U) + (A_Th × Γ_Th) + (A_K × Γ_K)) / r² × μ_shield

Fluorescence of PolylithioniteHide

In UV light:

May fluoresce lemon-yellow under SW UV.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for PolylithioniteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3260.html
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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for PolylithioniteHide

Reference List:

Chemical Abstracts: 94: 50381.

Lorenzen, Joh. (1884) XII. Untersuchung einiger Mineralien aus Kangerdluarsuk in Grönland. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 9 (1) 243 doi:10.1524/zkri.1884.9.1.243

Dana, Edward Salisbury; Dana, James Dwight (1892) A System of Mineralogy (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.pp.626-627

Vlasov, K.A., Editor (1966) Mineralogy of Rare Elements, vol. II: 25-29.

Vlasov, K.A., Kuz'menko, M.V., Es'kova, E.M. (1966) The Lovozero alkali massif. Akademii Nauk SSSR: 425-429. (in English)

Perrault, G. (1966) Abstract of paper presented at the eleventh meeting: Polylithionite from St. Hilaire, P.Q.. The Canadian Mineralogist: 8: 671-671.

TAKEDA, HIROSHI; BURNHAM, CHARLES W. (1969) Fluor-polylithionite: a lithium mica with nearly hexagonal (Si2O5)2- ring. Mineralogical Journal, 6 (1-2). p.102-109. doi:10.2465/minerj1953.6.102

Raade, Gunnar, Larsen, Alf Olav (1980) Polylithionite from syenite pegmatite at Vøra, Sandefjord, Oslo Region, Norway. Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway, No. 65. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology], 60 (2) 117-124

Skosyreva, M.V., Vlasova, E.V. (1983) 1st occurrence of polylithionite from rare-metal granite pegmatites. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 272(3): 694-697.

Cerny, Petr, Trueman, David L. (1985) Polylithionite from the rare-metal deposits of the Blachford Lake alkaline complex, N.W.T., Canada. American Mineralogist, 70 (11-12) 1127-1134

Vladykin, N.V., Dusmatov, V.D., Kovalenko, V.I. (1996) Polylithionite: its composition and genesis. Transnsactions (Doklady) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Earth Science Sections: 345(9): 305-310.

Rieder, M., Cavazzini, G., D’Yakonov, Y.S., Frank-Kamenetskii, V.A., Gottardt, G., Guggenheim, S., Koval, P.V., Muller, G., Neiva, A.M.R., Radoslovich, E.W., Robert, J.L., Sassi, F.P., Takeda, H., Weiss, Z., Wones, D.R. (1998) Nomenclature of the micas. The Canadian Mineralogist, 36 (3) 905-912

Brigatti, Maria Franca; Lugli, Cristina; Poppi, Luciano; Foord, Eugene E.; Kile, Daniel E. (2000) Crystal chemical variations in Li- and Fe-rich micas from Pikes Peak batholith (central Colorado). American Mineralogist, 85 (9). p.1275-1286. doi:10.2138/am-2000-8-920

(2001) Polylithionite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Lalonde, A.E., Gault, R.A., Fryer, B.J. (2004) The Mineralogy of polylithionite and tainiolite, two lithium micas from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec. Rocks & Minerals: 79(4): 257-257. (abstract)

Brigatti, Maria Franca, Caprilli, Enrico, Malferrari, Daniele, Medici, Luca, Poppi, Luciano (2005) Crystal structure and chemistry of trilithionite-2M2 and polylithionite-2M2. European Journal of Mineralogy, 17 (3) 475-481 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0475

Ogorodova, L. P., Kiseleva, I. A., Mel’chakova, L. V., Shuriga, T. N. (2006) Thermodynamic properties of the lithium mica polylithionite. Geochemistry International, 44 (11) 1151-1153 doi:10.1134/s0016702906110061

Brigatti, M. F., Mottana, A., Malferrari, D., Cibin, G. (2007) Crystal structure and chemical composition of Li-, Fe-, and Mn-rich micas. American Mineralogist, 92 (8) 1395-1400 doi:10.2138/am.2007.2497

Paukov, I. E., Kovalevskaya, Yu. A., Kiseleva, I. A., Shuriga, T. N., Ikorskii, V. N. (2007) Low-temperature heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of natural polylithionite. Geochemistry International, 45 (9) 926-930 doi:10.1134/s0016702907090066

Elmi, C., Brigatti, M. F., Guggenheim, S., Pasquali, L., Montecchi, M., Nannarone, S. (2014) Crystal chemistry and surface configurations of two polylithionite-1M crystals. American Mineralogist, 99 (10) 2049-2059 doi:10.2138/am-2014-4908

Breiter, Karel, Vaňková, Michaela, Galiová, Michaela Vašinová, Korbelová, Zuzana, Kanický, Viktor (2017) Lithium and trace-element concentrations in trioctahedral micas from granites of different geochemical types measured via laser ablation ICP-MS. Mineralogical Magazine, 81 (1) 15-33 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.137

Hawthorne, Frank C., Sokolova, Elena, Agakhanov, Atali A., Pautov, Leonid A., Karpenko, Vladimir Yu. (2019) The crystal structure of polylithionite-1M from Darai-Pioz, Tajikistan: the role of short-range order in driving symmetry reduction in 1M Li-rich mica. The Canadian Mineralogist, 57 (4) 519-528 doi:10.3749/canmin.1800083

Breiter, Karel, Vašinová Galiová, Michaela, Korbelová, Zuzana, Hložková, Michaela (2023) Can lithium contents in mica be correctly calculated? Tischendorf́s proposal (Mineralogical Magazine 61/1997) 25 years after. Mineralogical Magazine, 87 (6) 878-886 doi:10.1180/mgm.2023.72

Localities for PolylithioniteHide

Showing 150 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.



Argentina
Catamarca Province Sierra de Ancasti El Portezuelo ⓘ El Portezuelo Granite	Colombo et al. (2011)
La Rioja Province Sanagasta department ⓘ La Chinchilla granite	Lira et al. (2023)
Salta Province La Poma Department El Quemado mining district ⓘ Santa Elena pegmatite	López de Azarevich et al. (2021)
San Luis Province Sierra de Comechingones Comechingones Pegmatitic field ⓘ Ángel pegmatite	Demartis et al. (2011)

Australia
Victoria East Gippsland Shire Glen Valley ⓘ Blue Jacket Tin Mine (Blue Jacket Reef)	Eagle (2009)

Brazil
Amazonas Presidente Figueiredo ⓘ Pitinga mine	Ronchi et al. (2019) +1 other reference
ⓘ Madeira pluton	Sighnolfi et al. (2008) +4 other references
Mato Grosso Peixoto de Azevedo Peixoto de Azevedo river ⓘ Raimunda claim	Lopes et al. (2024)
Minas Gerais Nazareno ⓘ Volta Grande mine (Mibra mine)	Lagache et al. (1997)

Cambodia
Takeo Province Kiri Vong District ⓘ Phnom Bayong	Piilonen et al. (2023)

Canada
Manitoba Red Cross Lake ⓘ Red Cross Lake pegmatites	Cerny et al. 2012 +1 other reference
Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland ⓘ Hydra pegmatite	Malay et al. (2026)
Northwest Territories ⓘ Blachford Lake alkaline complex	Feng et al. (2015)
ⓘ Thor Lake syenite complex	Feng et al. (2015)
North Slave Region Blachford Lake alkaline complex Thor Lake syenite complex ⓘ T-Zone deposit	Feng et al. (2015)
O'Grady Lake area O'Grady Batholith ⓘ Stargazer Claim	Northern Mineral Showings Database
Québec Montérégie La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM Mont Saint-Hilaire ⓘ Poudrette quarry (De-Mix quarry; Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire; MSH)	PERRAULT (1966) +3 other references
Lajemmerais RCM Varennes & St-Amable ⓘ Saint-Amable sill	Horváth et al. (1998)
ⓘ Demix-Varennes quarry	Horváth et al. (1998)
ⓘ Strange Lake Alkalic Complex (Strange Lake Complex; Lac Brisson Complex)	Miller (1990) +4 other references

China
Guangdong Shaoguan Qujiang District ⓘ Dabaoshan Mine	Liu et al. (2018)
Henan Sanmenxia Lushi County Guanpo Guanpo pegmatite field ⓘ Pegmatite vein no. 309 ?	Fan G. et al. (2013)
ⓘ Nanyangshan pegmatite field	Qu et al. (2023)
ⓘ Nanyangshan 703 deposit	Qu et al. (2020) +1 other reference
Jiangxi Yichun Yuanzhou District ⓘ Wugongshan complex	Ma et al. (2026)
Sichuan Dazhou Wanyuan Co. ⓘ Tongxing coal mine	Yuzhuang Sun et al. (2010)
Ngawa Autonomous Prefecture (Aba Autonomous Prefecture) Jinchuan Co. Ke'eryin pegmatite field ⓘ Dangba deposit	Chen et al. (2026)
Xinjiang Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Altay Prefecture (Aletai Prefecture) Fuyun Co. (Koktokay Co.) Koktokay pegmatite field (Keketuohai pegmatite field) Altay Mine ⓘ Koktokay No. 3 pegmatite (Altay No. 3 pegmatite)	[var: Caesium-bearing Polylithionite] www.smartminerals.com (2004)

Czech Republic
South Bohemian Region Český Krumlov District Nová Ves ⓘ Nová Ves pegmatite	Welser +1 other reference
South Moravian Region Znojmo District Ctidružice ⓘ Ctidružice deposit	Scarlett Urbanová (2021)
Ústí nad Labem Region Teplice District Krupka Steinknochen area ⓘ Starý Martin adit	Rob Lavinsky (ex. Josef Vajdak specimen)
Vysočina Region Třebíč District Biskupice-Pulkov ⓘ U starého Čihadla pegmatite	Rieder et al. (1970)
ⓘ Radkovice u Hrotovic	Scarlett Urbanová (2021)
Stařeč ⓘ Kracovice	Škoda et al. (2012) +1 other reference
Žďár nad Sázavou District ⓘ Dolní Rožínka	Novotný et al. (2019)
ⓘ Pikárec ?	Flégr et al. (2017)
ⓘ Řečice	Novák +4 other references
ⓘ Řečice pegmatite	Flégr et al. (2017)
Rožná ⓘ Rožná pegmatite (Rozna; Roschna)	Novák +2 other references
ⓘ Rožná Borovina	P. Pauliš (2001)
ⓘ Rožná Hradisko	P. Pauliš (2001)

Egypt
Red Sea Governorate ⓘ Um Ara area	Abd El-Naby (2009)
ⓘ Um Safi	Mahdy et al. (2025) +1 other reference
Wadi Abu Rasheid ⓘ Leucogranite	Elsagheer et al. (2026)

Eswatini
Lubombo Region Sinceni Mountain Sinceni pegmatite field Sinceni West area ⓘ Zishineni	Grew et al. (2018)

Europe
Ore Mountains ⓘ Zinnwald-Cínovec mining region	Rieder et al. (1970)

Germany
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis Geyer ⓘ Geyersberg Granite Stock	René (2019)

Greenland
Kujalleq Igaliku Narsaarsuk Plateau ⓘ Narssârssuk pegmatite	Bøggild (1953) +1 other reference
Narsaarsuup Qaava ⓘ Nanna pegmatite	McDonald et al. (2001) +1 other reference
ⓘ Ilímaussaq complex	Petersen (2001)
ⓘ Kangerluarsuk Fjord (TL)	Lorentzen (1881) +2 other references
Head of Kangerluarsuk Lilleelv ⓘ Lilleelv pegmatite	B. Otter collection
ⓘ Kringlerne	Petersen (2001)
ⓘ Qeqertaussaq Island	Julian Gray (2002)
ⓘ Kuannersuit Plateau (Kvanefjeld)	Friis et al. (2004)
ⓘ Slope between Kvanefjeld Mt and Steenstrups Mt	Metcalf-Johansen (1977)
ⓘ Tugtupite-bearing albitites	Friis et al. (2004)
ⓘ Mount Nakkaalaaq	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Taseq Slope	Cole (2003)
Tunulliarfik Fjord ⓘ Tugtup Agtakôrfia	Bøggild (1953)
ⓘ Tuperssuatsiat Bay	Otter (2016)

Ireland
Leinster ⓘ Leinster Batholith	Barros et al. (2022)
Wicklow County Shillelagh ⓘ Moylisha

Japan
Ehime Prefecture Ochi District Iwagi Island ⓘ Mount Kuresaka	Imaoka et al. (2024)
Fukuoka Prefecture Fukuoka City ⓘ Nagatare (Nagatareyama; Nagatare mine)	...

Kazakhstan
Abai Region Tarbagatai Range Akzhaylyautas Mts (Akzhailyautas Mts; Akjaylautas Mts; Akzhalautas Mts) ⓘ Verkhnee Espe Massif (Verkhnee Espe deposit)	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)

Kyrgyzstan
Batken Region Batken District ⓘ Hodzha-Achkan (Hodjaachkan) massif	Pautov et al. (2013)

Malawi
Southern Region Zomba ⓘ Mount Malosa	Petersen et al. (1994)

Mongolia
Khovd Province Myangad District ⓘ Khaldzan Buragtag massif	Econ Geol (1995) +2 other references
ⓘ Khalzan Buregte Zr–Nb–REE deposit (Khalzan Buregtei deposit)	Kovalenko et al. (1995) +2 other references
ⓘ Tsakhirin Khuduk Y-Zr-Nb deposit	Econ Geol (1995)
Ömnögovi Province Khanbogd District ⓘ Khan Bogd Peralkaline Granite	Vakanjac et al. (2026)
ⓘ Dorozhnyi pegmatite	Hawthorne et al. (1986)

Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region Midelt Province Midelt Cercle Aït Oufella Caïdat Amersid ⓘ Jebel Bou-Agrao	Khadem Allah (1993)

Mozambique
Zambezia Province Alto Mólocuè District ⓘ Namacotche LCT pegmatites	Gomes et al. (2022)
Gilé District Muiane-Naipa group ⓘ Muiâne pegmatite (Muiâne mine; Emdal mines)	Thomas et al. (2010)
ⓘ Namivu Pegmatite (Namivo Pegmatite)	Neiva (2014)

Namibia
Khomas Region Windhoek Rural Aris ⓘ Aris Quarries	www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999) +5 other references

Norway
Telemark Drangedal Tørdal ⓘ Høydalen	Rosing-Schow et al. (2017)
Porsgrunn Auenlandet Sagåsen ⓘ Sagåsen Quarry	Larsen et al. (2005)
Eidanger Bergsbygda ⓘ Gurpekollen	Larsen et al. (2010)
Siktesøya ⓘ Brønnebukta	Larsen et al. (1991)
Vestfold Larvik Commune Hedrum Lågendalen ⓘ Bratthagen 1	Larsen et al. (2010)
ⓘ Bratthagen 2	Berge (n.d.)
ⓘ Bratthagen 3 hillside pegmatites	Berge (n.d.)
Lysebo ⓘ Lysebo roadcut ?	Berge (n.d.)
ⓘ Låven	Raade et al. (1980)
Lille Arøya ⓘ Eudidymite locality	Larsen et al. (2010)
Stavern (Fredriksvärn) Fuglevika ⓘ Fuglevika Feldspar Prospect	Larsen et al. (2010)
Jahren pegmatite ⓘ Jahren Feldspar Quarry (Jaren Feldspar Quarry)	Åsheim (1994)
Tjølling Håkestad ⓘ Håkestad Quarry	Larsen et al. (2010)
Klåstad ⓘ Klåstad Quarry ?	Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-324 (Visual id only)
Tvedalen ⓘ Bjørndalen Quarry (Lundhs labrador)	Larsen et al. (2010)
ⓘ Heia Quarry	Larsen et al. (2010)
Vesle Arøya ⓘ Eudidymite-Epididymite locality	Brøgger (1890) +2 other references
Sandefjord Vesterøya ⓘ Buer	Larsen et al. (2010) +1 other reference
ⓘ Buerskogen	Larsen et al. (2013)
ⓘ Vøra	Raade et al. (1980)

Pakistan
Gilgit-Baltistan Shigar District Braldu Valley ⓘ Chhappu	Jose Zendrera Collection
ⓘ Skardu Area	imported from Shigar District +1 other reference

Russia
Buryatia Mama River Basin Maigunda River ⓘ Burpala alkaline massif	Bailey (1980)
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Bilibinsky District ⓘ Kekura (Kekurnoe) deposit	Alekseev (2025)
Chukchi Peninsula (Chukotka Peninsula; Chukotski Peninsula) ⓘ Severny pluton	Alekseev (2025)
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Aykuayvenchorr Mt. (Aikuaivenchorr Mt.; Aikuaiventchorr Mt.)	[World of Stones 95:5-6
ⓘ Kukisvumchorr Mt	Pekov et al. (2004)
Lovozersky District Alluaiv Mountain Umbozero mine ⓘ Shomiokitovoe pegmatite	Pekov (2000)
Karnasurt Mountain ⓘ Hackmanite Stock (Pegmatite #62)	Pekov (1998)
ⓘ Yubileinaya pegmatite
Seidozero Lake ⓘ Lepkhe-Nel'm Mt	Pekov (2003)
ⓘ Pegmatite No. 45	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ Pegmatite No. 47	Semenov E.I. (1972)
Voron'i Tundry ⓘ Vasin-Myl'k Mt	Pekov et al. (2010)
ⓘ Sakha	[World of Stones 12:49]
Tomponsky District ⓘ Burgali Ore Field	Trunilina et al. (2024)
Verkhoyansk District Yana River Basin Yana-Adycha Region ⓘ Arga-Ynnakh-Khaya granite Massif	Trunilina et al. (2024)
Tuva Kaa-Khemsky District Erzin massif ⓘ Ulug-Tanzek deposit	Seltmann et al. (2010)
Sangilen Upland ⓘ Korgeredaba alkaline massif	Kapustin et al. (1965)
Todzhinsky District ⓘ Aryskan REE deposit	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Zabaykalsky Krai Aginsky District Khangilai pluton ⓘ Orlovka	Thomas et al. (2009)
Kalarsky District ⓘ Katugin Ta-Nb deposit	Sharygin et al. (2014)

Spain
Canary Islands Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province Tenerife ⓘ ~~Alcala~~	Dill et al. (2023)
Arico ⓘ ~~Tajao~~	Dill et al. (2023)
Granadilla de Abona ⓘ ~~La Mareta~~	Dill et al. (2023)
Community of Madrid La Cabrera ⓘ La Cabrera pluton	Tánago et al. (2012)

Sweden
Västerbotten County Skellefteå ⓘ Varuträsk	Sandström (2008) +1 other reference

Tajikistan
Districts of Republican Subordination ⓘ Dara-i-Pioz Massif	[Polylithionite-1M] Grew et al. (1994) +7 other references

USA
Arizona Graham County Aravaipa Mining District Aravaipa Landsman Camp ⓘ Landsman Camp area	Anthony et al. (1995)
ⓘ Landsman claim	Anthony et al. (1995)
Arkansas Hot Spring County Magnet Cove ⓘ Jones Mill Quarry	Karl Estes (1998) +1 other reference
Pulaski County Little Rock Granite Mountain area ⓘ Big Rock Quarry (3M Quarry; Arch Street Pike Quarry)	H. Barwood - unpublished (2010)
California San Bernardino County Yucca Valley ⓘ California Blue Mine	[Polylithionite-1M] David Lowe personally analyzed sample ...
Colorado Douglas County ⓘ Devils Head Pegmatite Mining District	Brigatti et al. (2000)
El Paso County ⓘ Crystal Park	Brigatti et al. (2000)
ⓘ Pikes Peak	Brigatti et al. (2000)
ⓘ Sentinel rock (Specimen rock)	Brigatti et al. (2000)
Gunnison County Quartz Creek Pegmatite Mining District ⓘ Brown Derby Mine ?	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Brown Derby No. 1 ?	Bob Cobban
ⓘ Madagascar No. 1 claim	Walstrom (n.d.)
ⓘ Opportunity Mine ?	Eckel et al. (1997)
Jefferson County ⓘ Wigwam Creek	Brigatti et al. (2000)
Park County ⓘ Harris Park	Brigatti et al. (2000)
Teller County Pikes Peak batholith ⓘ Lake George ring complex	Brigatti et al. (2000)
New Mexico Colfax County Springer Point of Rocks Mesa ⓘ Point of Rocks Quarry	4th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium (1985)
Otero County Cornudas Mountains ⓘ Wind Mountain	Laszlo Horvath collection
Virginia Augusta County West Augusta ⓘ Stoutameyer Branch (Stotameyer Creek)	Robin D. Tibbit (deceased)
Washington Okanogan County Golden Horn Batholith ⓘ Washington Pass	Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8 +1 other reference

Zimbabwe
Mashonaland Central Mazowe District ⓘ Mistress Mine	Martin (2020)

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Polylithionite

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