Kulanite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Kulanite
Alan Kulan
Formula:
Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3
Colour:
Blue, blue-green, green
Lustre:
Adamantine, Vitreous
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
3.91
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Alan Kulan (1921, Toronto, Ontario, Canada - 1977) a prospector who worked in the Yukon and discovered several sizable lead-zinc-silver deposits. He submitted the first specimens of Yukon phosphates to the Royal Ontario Museum.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2285
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2285:5
Similar Names
| Galenite | A synonym of Galena | |
| Glinite | A synonym of Clay minerals | |
| K-Alunite | A synonym of Alunite | |
| Kalinite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | KAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O |
| Kaolinite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Killinite | A synonym of 'Illite' | |
| Kleinite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | (Hg2N)(Cl,SO4) · nH2O |
| Kularite | A variety of Monazite-(Ce) | (Ce,Nd,La,Eu)[PO4] |
| Kunatite | A valid IMA mineral species | CuFe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Kuramite | A valid IMA mineral species | Cu3SnS4 |
| Kuratite | A valid IMA mineral species | Ca2(Fe52+Ti)O2[Si4Al2O18] |
IMA Classification of Kulanite
Approved
IMA Formula:
BaFe2+2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3
Approval year:
1975
First published:
1976
Classification of Kulanite
8.BH.20
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
41.9.1.1
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)5(XO4)3Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)5(XO4)3Zq
19.5.14
19 : Phosphates
5 : Phosphates of Sr and Ba
19 : Phosphates
5 : Phosphates of Sr and Ba
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Kul | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Kulanite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Kulanite
Adamantine, Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Blue, blue-green, green
Streak:
Greenish white
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Fair to good, parallel to {010} and {100}
Fair to good, parallel to {010} and {100}
Density:
3.91(3) g/cm3 (Measured) 3.92 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Meansured with Berman balance
Optical Data of Kulanite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.703 nβ = 1.705 nγ = 1.723
2V:
Measured: 32° , Calculated: 38°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.020
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
Very strong r>>v (type description)
Optical Extinction:
Absorption: α ≅ β >> γ
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
α = brownish green, β = green, and γ = very pale brown
Comments:
b ≅ β, c Λ γ = -8 deg.
One optic axis is almost normal to {101}.
One optic axis is almost normal to {101}.
Chemistry of Kulanite
Mindat Formula:
Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Kulanite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Setting:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.0518(2) Å, b = 12.1362(3) Å, c = 4.9411(1) Å
β = 100.443(2)°
β = 100.443(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.746 : 1 : 0.407
Unit Cell V:
533.81 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Tabular parallel to {101}.
Forms include {001}, {100}, {120}, {110}, {011}, {031}, {101}, {301}, {111}, {121}, {131}, and {161}.
Forms include {001}, {100}, {120}, {110}, {011}, {031}, {101}, {301}, {111}, {121}, {131}, and {161}.
Comment:
~ 297 K
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005343 | Kulanite | Cooper M A, Hawthorne F C (1994) Refinement of the crystal structure of kulanite The Canadian Mineralogist 32 15-19 |  | 1994 | Rapid Creek, Yukon, Canada | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.108 Å | (100) |
| 2.927 Å | (80) |
| 3.044 Å | (70) |
| 2.659 Å | (70) |
| 8.84 Å | (60) |
| 2.690 Å | (60) |
| 4.51 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 22 : Hydration and low-? subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Type Occurrence of Kulanite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Green to blue plates to 3x3x0.5 mm. Commonly arranged in rosette like aggregates.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Royal Ontario Museum (ROM No. M 34170), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 137304, 145737.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 137304, 145737.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Fractures in the "ironstone" beds (a sideritic iron-formation). Low temperature.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Kulanite
Other Language Names for Kulanite
Relationship of Kulanite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Bjarebyite Group:
| Bjarebyite | (Ba,Sr)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Johntomaite | BaFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Nigelcookite | PbFe2+2V3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Penikisite | Ba(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Perloffite | Ba(Mn2+,Fe2+)2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Plumbojohntomaite | PbFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Plumboperloffite | PbMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Strontioperloffite | SrMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 82 photos of Kulanite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 29 photos of Kulanite associated with Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| 26 photos of Kulanite associated with Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 22 photos of Kulanite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 13 photos of Kulanite associated with Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| 7 photos of Kulanite associated with Gormanite | (Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 6 photos of Kulanite associated with 'Apatite' | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| 5 photos of Kulanite associated with Brazilianite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| 4 photos of Kulanite associated with Whiteite-(CaFeMg) | {Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 3 photos of Kulanite associated with Penikisite | Ba(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BH. | Peterchinite | Zn3Zn2(OH)6As[O3(OH)3] |
| 8.BH. | Reznitskyite | CaMg(VO4)F |
| 8.BH. | Plumbogottlobite | PbMg(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH. | Cuprozheshengite | Pb4CuZn2(AsO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH. | Zheshengite | Pb4ZnZn2(AsO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH. | Crimsonite | PbFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.05 | Thadeuite | Ca(Mg,Fe2+)3(PO4)2(OH,F)2 |
| 8.BH.10 | Panasqueiraite | CaMg(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.10 | Isokite | CaMg(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Lacroixite | NaAl(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Arsenatrotitanite | NaTi(AsO4)O |
| 8.BH.10 | Maxwellite | NaFe3+(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Durangite | NaAl(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Kononovite | NaMg(SO4)F |
| 8.BH.15 | Drugmanite | Pb2Fe3+(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.20 | Nigelcookite | PbFe2+2V3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Plumbojohntomaite | PbFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Cirrolite | Ca3Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 (?) |
| 8.BH.20 | Penikisite | Ba(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Perloffite | Ba(Mn2+,Fe2+)2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Bjarebyite Group | |
| 8.BH.20 | Strontioperloffite | SrMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Plumboperloffite | PbMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Johntomaite | BaFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Bjarebyite | (Ba,Sr)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.25 | Bertossaite | Li2CaAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.25 | Natropalermoite | Na2SrAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.25 | Palermoite | Li2SrAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.30 | Sewardite | CaFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.30 | Carminite | PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.35 | Adelite | CaMg(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Cobaltaustinite | CaCo(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Nickelaustinite | CaNi(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Gabrielsonite | PbFe3+(As3+O3)O |
| 8.BH.35 | Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Arsendescloizite | PbZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | 'Duftite-alpha' | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Gottlobite | CaMg(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Hermannroseite | CaCu(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Čechite | PbFe2+(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Khorixasite | (Bi0.67◻0.33)Cu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Pyrobelonite | PbMn2+(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.45 | Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.45 | Vésigniéite | BaCu3(VO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.50 | Paganoite | NiBi(AsO4)O |
| 8.BH.55 | Jagowerite | BaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.55 | Harrisonite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)6(PO4)2(SiO4)2 |
| 8.BH.60 | Attakolite | CaMn2+Al4(SiO3OH)(PO4)3(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.65 | Leningradite | PbCu3(VO4)2Cl |
| 8.BH.70 | Katiarsite | KTiO(AsO4) |
| 8.BH.70 | Yurgensonite | K2SnTiO2(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BH.75 | Melanarsite | K3Cu7Fe3+O4(AsO4)4 |
| 8.BH.80 | Evseevite | Na2Mg(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.80 | Moraskoite | Na2Mg(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.85 | Piccoliite | NaCaMn3+2(AsO4)2O(OH) |
Fluorescence of Kulanite
None
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kulanite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2285.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Kulanite
Reference List:
Mandarino, J. A.; Sturman, B. D. (1976) Kulanite, a new barium iron aluminum phosphate from the Yukon Territory, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist, 14 (2). 127-131
Jambor, John L., Grew, Edward S. (1990) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 75 (1-2) 240-246 pp.245-246
Cooper, Mark, Hawthorne, Frank C. (1994) Refinement of the crystal structure of kulanite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 32 (1) 15-19
Frost, Ray L., López, Andrés, Xi, Yunfei, Granja, Amanda, Scholz, Ricardo (2013) Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of the phosphate mineral kulanite Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 115. 22-25 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.016
Localities for Kulanite
Showing 18 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Blass et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| Avalon Advanced Materials Inc. |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
| Richard Gunter Collection | |
| 150-152. +4 other references | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) +1 other reference |
| Robinson et al. (1992) | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) | |
| Collected by Rod Tyson | |
| Modris Baum specimens | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
China | |
| Rao +7 other references |
Czech Republic | |
| Breiter K. |
Italy | |
| Bracco et al. (2016) |
USA | |
| London et al. (1982) |
| London et al. (1982) |
| Nashua Min Soc. Disp. Cat. 1995 +1 other reference |
| Whitmore et al. (2004) |
Quick NavTopAbout KulaniteUnique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPronunciation Physical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Stoneman Camp, Rapid Creek, Dawson mining district, Yukon, Canada