Perloffite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Perloffite
Lou Perloff
Formula:
Ba(Mn2+,Fe2+)2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3
Colour:
Brownish black, green-brown, black
Lustre:
Adamantine, Vitreous
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
4.00 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1977 by Anthony R. Kampf in honor of Louis "Lou" Perloff (December 3, 1907, New York City - January 16, 2004) American lawyer and micromounter. He assembled one of the largest collections ever of both micromounts and slides taken of those micromounts.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3164
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3164:2
IMA Classification of Perloffite
Approved
IMA Formula:
BaMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3
Approval year:
1976
First published:
1977
Classification of Perloffite
8.BH.20
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
41.9.1.4
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)5(XO4)3Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)5(XO4)3Zq
19.5.15
19 : Phosphates
5 : Phosphates of Sr and Ba
19 : Phosphates
5 : Phosphates of Sr and Ba
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Plf | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Perloffite
Adamantine, Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Brownish black, green-brown, black
Streak:
Greenish yellow
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {100}
on {100}
Density:
4.00 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Perloffite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.793 nβ = 1.803 nγ = 1.808
2V:
Measured: 70° to 80°, Calculated: 70°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.015
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r << v
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X=Z= dark greenish brown
Y= light greenish brown
Y= light greenish brown
Chemistry of Perloffite
Mindat Formula:
Ba(Mn2+,Fe2+)2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Perloffite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Setting:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.22 Å, b = 12.42 Å, c = 4.99 Å
β = 100.39°
β = 100.39°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.742 : 1 : 0.402
Unit Cell V:
562.05 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals resemble spearheads, parallel and radial growths common. May be massive.
Type material shows {001}, {101}, {021}, {131}.
Type material shows {001}, {101}, {021}, {131}.
Twinning:
None observed
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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Display Options
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2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
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Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0019599 | Perloffite | Elliott P, Willis A C (2011) The crystal structure of perloffite Mineralogical Magazine 75 317-325 | 2011 | Spring Creek copper mine, near Wilmington, South Australia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.166 Å | (100) |
| 2.73 Å | (80b) |
| 2.982 Å | (50) |
| 3.105 Å | (40) |
| 2.939 Å | (40) |
| 2.070 Å | (40) |
| 5.12 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Type Occurrence of Perloffite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Lustrous, black, spear-shaped crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 135925, 137015.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Pegmatite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Perloffite
Other Language Names for Perloffite
Relationship of Perloffite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Bjarebyite Group:
| Bjarebyite | (Ba,Sr)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Johntomaite | BaFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Kulanite | Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Nigelcookite | PbFe2+2V3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Penikisite | Ba(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Plumbojohntomaite | PbFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Plumboperloffite | PbMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Strontioperloffite | SrMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 6 photos of Perloffite associated with Native Copper | Cu |
| 6 photos of Perloffite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 4 photos of Perloffite associated with Ludlamite | Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 2 photos of Perloffite associated with Cuprite | Cu2O |
| 2 photos of Perloffite associated with Phosphoferrite | (Fe2+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
| 1 photo of Perloffite associated with Vivianite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 1 photo of Perloffite associated with Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 1 photo of Perloffite associated with Kenngottite | Mn2+3Fe3+4(PO4)4(OH)6(H2O)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BH. | Peterchinite | Zn3Zn2(OH)6As[O3(OH)3] |
| 8.BH. | Reznitskyite | CaMg(VO4)F |
| 8.BH. | Plumbogottlobite | PbMg(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH. | Cuprozheshengite | Pb4CuZn2(AsO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH. | Zheshengite | Pb4ZnZn2(AsO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH. | Crimsonite | PbFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.05 | Thadeuite | Ca(Mg,Fe2+)3(PO4)2(OH,F)2 |
| 8.BH.10 | Panasqueiraite | CaMg(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.10 | Isokite | CaMg(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Lacroixite | NaAl(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Arsenatrotitanite | NaTi(AsO4)O |
| 8.BH.10 | Maxwellite | NaFe3+(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Durangite | NaAl(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Kononovite | NaMg(SO4)F |
| 8.BH.15 | Drugmanite | Pb2Fe3+(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.20 | Nigelcookite | PbFe2+2V3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Plumbojohntomaite | PbFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Cirrolite | Ca3Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 (?) |
| 8.BH.20 | Penikisite | Ba(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Bjarebyite Group | |
| 8.BH.20 | Strontioperloffite | SrMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Plumboperloffite | PbMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Johntomaite | BaFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Bjarebyite | (Ba,Sr)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Kulanite | Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.25 | Bertossaite | Li2CaAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.25 | Natropalermoite | Na2SrAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.25 | Palermoite | Li2SrAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.30 | Sewardite | CaFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.30 | Carminite | PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.35 | Adelite | CaMg(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Cobaltaustinite | CaCo(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Nickelaustinite | CaNi(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Gabrielsonite | PbFe3+(As3+O3)O |
| 8.BH.35 | Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Arsendescloizite | PbZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | 'Duftite-alpha' | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Gottlobite | CaMg(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Hermannroseite | CaCu(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Čechite | PbFe2+(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Khorixasite | (Bi0.67◻0.33)Cu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Pyrobelonite | PbMn2+(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.45 | Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.45 | Vésigniéite | BaCu3(VO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.50 | Paganoite | NiBi(AsO4)O |
| 8.BH.55 | Jagowerite | BaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.55 | Harrisonite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)6(PO4)2(SiO4)2 |
| 8.BH.60 | Attakolite | CaMn2+Al4(SiO3OH)(PO4)3(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.65 | Leningradite | PbCu3(VO4)2Cl |
| 8.BH.70 | Katiarsite | KTiO(AsO4) |
| 8.BH.70 | Yurgensonite | K2SnTiO2(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BH.75 | Melanarsite | K3Cu7Fe3+O4(AsO4)4 |
| 8.BH.80 | Evseevite | Na2Mg(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.80 | Moraskoite | Na2Mg(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.85 | Piccoliite | NaCaMn3+2(AsO4)2O(OH) |
Other Information
Notes:
Slowly soluble in 1:1 HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Perloffite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3164.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Perloffite
Reference List:
Kampf, Anthony R. (1977) A New Mineral: Perloffite, the Fe3+ Analogue of Bjarebyite. The Mineralogical Record, 8 (2) 112-114
Fleischer, Michael, Pabst, Adolf, Mandarino, J. A., Chao, George Y. (1977) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 62 (9-10) 1057-1061
Kampf, Anthony R. (1977) A New Mineral: Perloffite, the Fe3+ Analogue of Bjarebyite. The Mineralogical Record, 8 (2) 112-114
Birch, W.D., Mumme, W.G. (1988) Hentschelite and Perloffite from the Spring Creek Copper Mine, South Australia. Mineralogical Magazine, 52 (366) 408-411 doi:10.1180/minmag.1988.052.366.16
Localities for Perloffite
Showing 13 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Pring et al. (1999) |
| Elliott (2022) +1 other reference |
Brazil | |
| Sergio Varvello collection |
| Found and analyzed by Dr Ricardo Scholz | |
Canada | |
| Ercit et al. (2010) |
Czech Republic | |
| Jirásek et al. (2016) |
Germany | |
| Mücke (1987) |
| web.archive.org (2001) +1 other reference | |
Morocco | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
Portugal | |
| Neiva et al. (2001) |
USA | |
| Falster et al. (2019) |
| Loomis (2011) |
| Kampf (1977) +1 other reference |
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Big Chief Mine, Glendale, Keystone Mining District, Pennington County, South Dakota, USA