Descloizite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Descloizite
Alfred Des Cloizeaux
Formula:
PbZn(VO4)(OH)
Colour:
Brownish red, red-orange, reddish brown to blackish brown, nearly black
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Hardness:
3 - 3½
Specific Gravity:
6.2
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1854 by Augustin Alexis Damour in honor of Alfred Louis Olivier Le Grand Des Cloizeaux [October 17, 1817, Beauvais, Oise, France - May 6, 1897, Paris, France], Professor of Mineralogy, University of Paris, who first described the mineral.
Type Locality:
Adelite-Descloizite Group. Descloizite-Mottramite Series. The zinc analogue of Mottramite, vanadate analogue of Arsendescloizite.
A secondary mineral often found in the oxidation zones of base metal deposits.
Crystal structure details (Effenberger, 2002; Qurashi and Barnes, 1964): M2 site is Zn; in opposition to adelite, there are no (M2)O6 octahedra, but ZnO4(OH)2 dipyramids, the difference being due to Jahn-Teller distortion; the dipyramids share edges to form chains; the chains are parallel to [001]; two chains are linked via a tetrahedron to form 3D framework; in the framework there are cavities where the M1 site (here: Pb) is located; Pb forms PbO7(OH) square antiprism.
A secondary mineral often found in the oxidation zones of base metal deposits.
Crystal structure details (Effenberger, 2002; Qurashi and Barnes, 1964): M2 site is Zn; in opposition to adelite, there are no (M2)O6 octahedra, but ZnO4(OH)2 dipyramids, the difference being due to Jahn-Teller distortion; the dipyramids share edges to form chains; the chains are parallel to [001]; two chains are linked via a tetrahedron to form 3D framework; in the framework there are cavities where the M1 site (here: Pb) is located; Pb forms PbO7(OH) square antiprism.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1267
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1267:2
IMA Classification of Descloizite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Pb2+Zn2+V5+O4(OH)
Classification of Descloizite
8.BH.40
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
H : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO4 = 1:1
41.5.2.1
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
21.3.11
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Dcz | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Descloizite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Brownish red, red-orange, reddish brown to blackish brown, nearly black
Comment:
Crystals often exhibit zonal growth with varying colours.
Streak:
Orange to brownish red
Hardness:
3 - 3½ on Mohs scale
Comment:
Somewhat harder on external crystal faces.
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
6.2 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.202 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Descloizite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 2.185 nβ = 2.265 nγ = 2.350
2V:
Measured: 85° to 90°, Calculated: 88°
Birefringence:
0.165
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.165
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
strong r > v rarely r < v
Optical Extinction:
X = c; Y = b; Z = a.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Weak to strong:
X = Y = Canary yellow to greenish yellow
Z = Brownish yellow
X = Y = Canary yellow to greenish yellow
Z = Brownish yellow
Chemistry of Descloizite
Mindat Formula:
PbZn(VO4)(OH)
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Cu
Crystallography of Descloizite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnma
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.593 Å, b = 6.057 Å, c = 9.416 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.254 : 1 : 1.555
Unit Cell V:
433.05 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals equant to pyramidal {111}, prismatic [001], rarely tabular {100} or short prismatic [100]. Crystal faces are commonly uneven or rough, with frequent sub-parallel growth. Drusy crusts of intergrown crystals common; also stalactitic or massive with a coarse fibrous structure and mammillary or botryoidal surface. Massive granular at times, compact to friable.
Comment:
Pnam
Crystallographic forms of Descloizite
Crystal Atlas:
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Descloizite no.19 - {111} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Descloizite no.24 - {111} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009663 | Descloizite | Hawthorne F C, Faggiani R (1979) Refinement of the structure of descloizite Acta Crystallographica B35 717-720 |  | 1979 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005082 | Descloizite | Qurashi M M, Barnes W H (1964) The structures of the minerals of the descloizite and adelite groups: V - descloizite and conichalcite (part 3). The structure of descloizite The Canadian Mineralogist 8 23-39 |  | 1964 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.12 Å | (80) |
| 4.25 Å | (60) |
| 3.23 Å | (100) |
| 2.90 Å | (80) |
| 2.69 Å | (80) |
| 2.62 Å | (80) |
| 2.30 Å | (80) |
| 1.652 Å | (80) |
Comments:
ICDD 12-537; See also 41-1369.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Geological Setting:
Secondary mineral in oxidized zone of vanadium bearing base metal deposits.
Type Occurrence of Descloizite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, number 54184 and 104501 (type)
Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Paris, France.
Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Paris, France.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Pb, Zn, U, and V deposit.
Synonyms of Descloizite
Other Language Names for Descloizite
Catalan:Discloizita
Dutch:Descloiziet
Italian:Descloizite
Portuguese:Descloizite
Russian:Деклуазит
Simplified Chinese:矾铅锌矿
Varieties of Descloizite
| Copper-bearing Descloizite | An unnecessary name for a member of the Descloizite-Mottramite Series with Zn>Cu. Originally reported from San Luis Potosí, Mexico. |
| Dechenite | An As-bearing variety of descloizite. Originally described from an unnamed quarry near Niederschlettenbach, Bad Bergzabern, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. |
Relationship of Descloizite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Adelite-Descloizite Group:
| Adelite | CaMg(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 222 : P212121 |
| Arsendescloizite | PbZn(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 222 : P212121 |
| Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 222 : P212121 |
| Čechite | PbFe2+(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Cobaltaustinite | CaCo(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 222 : P212121 |
| Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 222 : P212121 |
| Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 222 : P212121 |
| 'Duftite-alpha' | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) | |
| Gottlobite | CaMg(VO4)(OH) | Orth. 222 : P212121 |
| Hermannroseite | CaCu(PO4)(OH) | Orth. 222 : P212121 |
| Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma |
| Nickelaustinite | CaNi(AsO4)(OH) | Orth. 222 : P212121 |
| Plumbogottlobite | PbMg(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma |
| Pyrobelonite | PbMn2+(VO4)(OH) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma |
| Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) | Orth. 222 : P212121 |
| 'Unnamed (Pb-analogue of Nickelaustinite)' | PbNi(AsO4)(OH) | |
| Vuagnatite | CaAl(SiO4)(OH) | Orth. 222 : P212121 |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 425 photos of Descloizite associated with Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| 362 photos of Descloizite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 198 photos of Descloizite associated with Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| 136 photos of Descloizite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 90 photos of Descloizite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 78 photos of Descloizite associated with Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| 74 photos of Descloizite associated with 'Arsenic-bearing Vanadinite' | Pb5[(V,As)O4]3Cl |
| 68 photos of Descloizite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| 56 photos of Descloizite associated with Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| 40 photos of Descloizite associated with Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BH. | Peterchinite | Zn3Zn2(OH)6As[O3(OH)3] |
| 8.BH. | Reznitskyite | CaMg(VO4)F |
| 8.BH. | Plumbogottlobite | PbMg(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH. | Cuprozheshengite | Pb4CuZn2(AsO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH. | Zheshengite | Pb4ZnZn2(AsO4)2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH. | Crimsonite | PbFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.05 | Thadeuite | Ca(Mg,Fe2+)3(PO4)2(OH,F)2 |
| 8.BH.10 | Panasqueiraite | CaMg(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.10 | Isokite | CaMg(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Lacroixite | NaAl(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Arsenatrotitanite | NaTi(AsO4)O |
| 8.BH.10 | Maxwellite | NaFe3+(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Durangite | NaAl(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.10 | Kononovite | NaMg(SO4)F |
| 8.BH.15 | Drugmanite | Pb2Fe3+(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.20 | Nigelcookite | PbFe2+2V3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Plumbojohntomaite | PbFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Cirrolite | Ca3Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 (?) |
| 8.BH.20 | Penikisite | Ba(Mg,Fe2+,Ca)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Perloffite | Ba(Mn2+,Fe2+)2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Bjarebyite Group | |
| 8.BH.20 | Strontioperloffite | SrMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Plumboperloffite | PbMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Johntomaite | BaFe2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Bjarebyite | (Ba,Sr)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.20 | Kulanite | Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BH.25 | Bertossaite | Li2CaAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.25 | Natropalermoite | Na2SrAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.25 | Palermoite | Li2SrAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.30 | Sewardite | CaFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.30 | Carminite | PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.35 | Adelite | CaMg(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Duftite | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Cobaltaustinite | CaCo(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Nickelaustinite | CaNi(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Gabrielsonite | PbFe3+(As3+O3)O |
| 8.BH.35 | Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Arsendescloizite | PbZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | 'Duftite-alpha' | PbCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Gottlobite | CaMg(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Austinite | CaZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Hermannroseite | CaCu(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.35 | Tangeite | CaCu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Čechite | PbFe2+(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Khorixasite | (Bi0.67◻0.33)Cu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Mottramite | PbCu(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.40 | Pyrobelonite | PbMn2+(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BH.45 | Bayldonite | PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.45 | Vésigniéite | BaCu3(VO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.50 | Paganoite | NiBi(AsO4)O |
| 8.BH.55 | Jagowerite | BaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BH.55 | Harrisonite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)6(PO4)2(SiO4)2 |
| 8.BH.60 | Attakolite | CaMn2+Al4(SiO3OH)(PO4)3(OH)4 |
| 8.BH.65 | Leningradite | PbCu3(VO4)2Cl |
| 8.BH.70 | Katiarsite | KTiO(AsO4) |
| 8.BH.70 | Yurgensonite | K2SnTiO2(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BH.75 | Melanarsite | K3Cu7Fe3+O4(AsO4)4 |
| 8.BH.80 | Evseevite | Na2Mg(AsO4)F |
| 8.BH.80 | Moraskoite | Na2Mg(PO4)F |
| 8.BH.85 | Piccoliite | NaCaMn3+2(AsO4)2O(OH) |
Fluorescence of Descloizite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Heated in a closed tube it gives water.
Notes:
Readily soluble in acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Rarely an ore of vanadium.
Internet Links for Descloizite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1267.html
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References for Descloizite
Reference List:
von Kobell (1850): Über den Aräoxen, ein neues Blei-Zink-Vanadat. Journal für praktische Chemie: 50: 496.(as Aræoxene)
Frenzel, A. (1880) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 3: 506 (as Tritochorit).
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.67
Bannister, F. A. (1933) The identity of mottramite and psittacinite with cupriferous descloizite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 23 (141) 376-386 doi:10.1180/minmag.1933.023.141.04
Strunz, H. (1939) Mineralien der Descloizitgruppe. Konichalcit, Staszizit, Austinit, Duftit, Aräoxen, Volborthit, Pyrobelonit. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, 101 (1). 496-506 doi:10.1524/zkri.1939.101.1.496
Richmond, Wallace E. (1940) Crystal chemistry of the phosphates, arsenates and vanadates of the type A2XO4(Z). American Mineralogist, 25 (7). 441-479
Barnes, W. H., Qurashi, M. M. (1952) Unit cell and space group data for certain vanadium minerals. American Mineralogist, 37 (5-6) 407-422
Bachmann, H. G. (1953) Die Kristallstruktur des Descloizit. Acta Crystallographica, 6 (1) 102 doi:10.1107/s0365110x53000326
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1956) New occurrences of vanadium minerals (mottramite, descloizite, and vanadinite) in the Caldbeck area of Cumberland. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (235) 289-295 doi:10.1180/minmag.1956.031.235.02
Rahden, Herbert V. R. Von, Dicks, Lynton W. R. (1967) Descloizite, mottramite, and vanadinite from South West Africa: an infrared and X-ray study. American Mineralogist, 52 (7-8) 1067-1076
Hawthorne, F. C., Faggiani, R. (1979) Refinement of the structure of descloizite. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 35 (3) 717-720 doi:10.1107/s0567740879004519
van der Westhuizen, W. A., de Bruiyn, H., Tordiffe, E. A. W., Botha, B. J. V. (1986) The descloizite-mottramite series of vanadates from the Otavi Mountain Land, South West Africa: an X-ray study. Mineralogical Magazine, 50 (355) 137-140 doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.355.18
Frost, Ray L., Williams, Peter A., Theo Kloprogge, J., Leverett, P. (2001) Raman spectroscopy of descloizite and mottramite at 298 and 77 K. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 32 (11). 906-911 doi:10.1002/jrs.758
Localities for Descloizite
Showing 539 localities.
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- This locality has estimated coordinates.
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- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Berg Aukas Mine, Grootfontein Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia