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Arrojadite-(KFe)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Arrojadite-(KFe)

Big Fish River, Dawson mining district, Yukon, Canada

Arrojadite-(KFe), etc.

Nickel Plate Mine, Keystone, Keystone Mining District, Pennington County, South Dakota, USA

Arrojadite-(KFe), etc.

Palermo No. 1 Mine, Groton, Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA

Arrojadite-(KFe)

Big Fish River, Dawson mining district, Yukon, Canada

Arrojadite-(KFe), etc.

Nickel Plate Mine, Keystone, Keystone Mining District, Pennington County, South Dakota, USA

Arrojadite-(KFe), etc.

Palermo No. 1 Mine, Groton, Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA

Arrojadite-(KFe)

Big Fish River, Dawson mining district, Yukon, Canada

Arrojadite-(KFe), etc.

Nickel Plate Mine, Keystone, Keystone Mining District, Pennington County, South Dakota, USA

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About Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Miguel Arrojado Ribeiro Lisboa

Formula:

(KNa)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂

Colour:

Olive-green

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

3.527

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Member of:

Arrojadite Group

Name:

Originally named arrojadite for Miguel Arrojado Lisbôa, Brazilian geologist; redefinition after the new arrojadite nomenclature (CNMMN 05-D, October 2005).

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Serra Branca pegmatite, Pedra Lavrada, Paraíba, Brazil
ⓘ Nickel Plate Mine, Keystone, Keystone Mining District, Pennington County, South Dakota, USA

Arrojadite Group. Arrojadite-(KFe)-Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) Series.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

351

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:351:7

Similar NamesHide

Arrojadite	A synonym of Arrojadite Group
Arrojadite (of Mason)	A synonym of Hagendorfite
Arrojadite-(BaFe)	A synonym of Sigismundite
Arrojadite-(BaNa)	A valid IMA mineral species	(Ba◻)(NaNa)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe₁₃²⁺Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂
Arrojadite-(KFe)-Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) Series	A solid-solution series between two end-member minerals
Arrojadite-(KFeNa)		(KNa)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂Na)Fe₁₃²⁺Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₄)(OH)₂
Arrojadite-(KNa)	A valid IMA mineral species	(KNa)(NaNa)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe₁₃²⁺Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂
Arrojadite-(NaFe)		(NaNa)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe₁₃²⁺Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂
Arrojadite-(PbFe)	A valid IMA mineral species	(Pb◻)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe₁₃²⁺Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂
Arrojadite-(SrFe)	A valid IMA mineral species	(Sr◻)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe₁₃²⁺Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂

IMA Classification of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

(KNa)Fe²⁺(CaNa₂)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂

Classification of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

8.BF.05

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H₂O
F : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄< 0.5:1

Dana 8th ed.:

41.7.2.1

41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
7 : (AB)₇(XO₄)₄Z_q

Hey's CIM Ref.:

19.12.53

19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Ajd-KFe	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

Olive-green

Streak:

White

Hardness:

5 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
On {100} good; on {010}, distinct.

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Density:

3.527 g/cm³ (Measured) 3.586 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.664 n_β = 1.670 n_γ = 1.675

2V:

Measured: 80° to 86°, Calculated: 84°

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.011
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Dispersion:

strong

Pleochroism:

Visible

Comments:

X = colorless; Y = colorless to pale green; Z = pale yellow-green.

Chemistry of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Mindat Formula:

(KNa)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	37.529 %
Fe	36.678 %
P	17.437 %
Na	3.236 %
Ca	1.880 %
K	1.834 %
Al	1.266 %
H	0.142 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, Ca, Fe, H, K, Na, O, P - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:

	1
P₂O₅	40,00 %
Al₂O₃	2,66 %
FeO	28,22 %
MgO	1,04 %
MnO	15,78 %
CaO	2,46 %
Na₂O	6,40 %
K₂O	1,74 %
LiO	0,09 %
H₂O+	0,91 %
F	0,80 %
Insol	0,11 %
Total:	95 %

Sample references:

ID	Locality	Reference	Notes
1	Nickel Plate Mine, Keystone, Keystone Mining District, Pennington County, South Dakota, USA	Lindberg, Marie Louise (1950) Arrojadite, hühnerkobelite, and graftonite. American Mineralogist, 35 (1-2) 59-76

Crystallography of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

m - Domatic

Space Group:

Setting:

Cell Parameters:

a = 16.53 Å, b = 10.05 Å, c = 24.75 Å
β = 105.65°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.645 : 1 : 2.463

Unit Cell V:

3,959.20 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

As cleavable masses to 15 cm.

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

Rotation
Stop | Start

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0009747	Arrojadite-(KFe)	Merlino S, Mellini M, Zanazzi P F (1981) Structure of arrojadite, KNa4CaMn4Fe10Al(PO4)12(OH,F)2 Acta Crystallographica B37 1733-1736	1981	Nickel Plate mine, Keystone, South Dakota, USA	293
0000847	Arrojadite-(KFe)	Moore P B, Araki T, Merlino S, Mellini M, Zanazzi P F (1981) The arrojadite-dickinsonite series, KNa4Ca(Fe,Mn)14Al(OH)2(PO4)12: Crystal structure and crystal chemistry sample NP American Mineralogist 66 1034-1049	1981	Nickel Plate mine, Keystone, South Dakota, USA	293
0000846	Arrojadite-(KFe)	Moore P B, Araki T, Merlino S, Mellini M, Zanazzi P F (1981) The arrojadite-dickinsonite series, KNa4Ca(Fe,Mn)14Al(OH)2(PO4)12: Crystal structure and crystal chemistry sample NM American Mineralogist 66 1034-1049	1981	Nancy mine, North Groton, New Hampshire, USA	293
0014185	Arrojadite-(KFe)	Krutik V M, Pushcharovskii D Y, Podebimskaya E A, Belov N V (1979) Crystal structure of arrojadite Kristallografiya 24 743-750	1979	Nickel Plate mine, South Dakota, USA	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Arrojadite-(KFe)'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Merlino S'
'Mellini M'
'Zanazzi P F'
_journal_name_full 'Acta Crystallographica, Section B'
_journal_volume 37 
_journal_year 1981
_journal_page_first 1733
_journal_page_last 1736
_publ_section_title
;
 Structure of arrojadite, KNa4CaMn4Fe10Al(PO4)12(OH,F)2
;
_database_code_amcsd 0009747
_chemical_compound_source 'Nickel Plate mine, Keystone, South Dakota, USA'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ca Na4.11 K.75 Li.12 Mg.5 Fe9.38 Mn4 Al P12 O50 H2'
_cell_length_a 16.526
_cell_length_b 10.057
_cell_length_c 24.730
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 105.78
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 3955.274
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.562
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'C 1 2/c 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,z'
  'x,-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,y,1/2-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
CaX1   0.23220   0.22230   0.48480   0.50000   0.01305
NaX2   0.12890   0.51500   0.12020   1.00000   0.03787
NaX3   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   1.00000   0.02470
KX4   0.00000   0.50430   0.25000   0.75000   0.03635
NaX4   0.00000   0.50430   0.25000   0.25000   0.03635
NaX5   0.00000   0.14600   0.25000   0.86000   0.08106
LiM1   0.22020   0.89570   0.47380   0.06000   0.03192
MgM1   0.22020   0.89570   0.47380   0.25000   0.03192
FeM1   0.22020   0.89570   0.47380   0.69000   0.03192
FeM2   0.21230   0.00780   0.26740   1.00000   0.01115
FeM3   0.10660   0.01420   0.13940   1.00000   0.01444
FeM4   0.02220   0.24960   0.40360   1.00000   0.00836
FeM5   0.03340   0.74340   0.40040   1.00000   0.00735
MnM6   0.20440   0.69920   0.35170   1.00000   0.00925
MnM7   0.21930   0.29450   0.34320   1.00000   0.01140
Al   0.00000   0.50000   0.00000   1.00000   0.00481
P1   0.11300   0.00850   0.36620   1.00000   0.02254
P2   0.13030   0.46700   0.42460   1.00000   0.00608
P3   0.12590   0.25180   0.03850   1.00000   0.00545
P4   0.10230   0.76730   0.04740   1.00000   0.00595
P5   0.13040   0.72410   0.21150   1.00000   0.00722
P6   0.14250   0.29720   0.20450   1.00000   0.00975
O1   0.02500   0.06140   0.36750   1.00000   0.01393
O2   0.11200   0.85840   0.36350   1.00000   0.01393
O3   0.14260   0.07700   0.32200   1.00000   0.02748
O4   0.18070   0.04620   0.42220   1.00000   0.03990
O5   0.05010   0.44480   0.44500   1.00000   0.00671
O6   0.12130   0.58790   0.39240   1.00000   0.01216
O7   0.13010   0.34450   0.38710   1.00000   0.01165
O8   0.21030   0.46370   0.47330   1.00000   0.01824
O9   0.08420   0.16640   0.07510   1.00000   0.01127
O10   0.09410   0.39510   0.03600   1.00000   0.00899
O11   0.10780   0.81090   0.47940   1.00000   0.01216
O12   0.22240   0.25330   0.06230   1.00000   0.01355
O13   0.04670   0.64280   0.04820   1.00000   0.00836
O14   0.06520   0.87190   0.07940   1.00000   0.01039
O15   0.09610   0.18610   0.48740   1.00000   0.01469
O16   0.19390   0.73570   0.07700   1.00000   0.01482
O17   0.04840   0.67850   0.17030   1.00000   0.01532
O18   0.13150   0.67810   0.27030   1.00000   0.01748
O19   0.13950   0.87730   0.20880   1.00000   0.02153
O20   0.20440   0.66040   0.19380   1.00000   0.01532
O21   0.05830   0.34020   0.16530   1.00000   0.01532
O22   0.15160   0.35090   0.26320   1.00000   0.03027
O23   0.14890   0.14470   0.20520   1.00000   0.01456
O24   0.21560   0.35410   0.18240   1.00000   0.02153
O-H25   0.23150   0.00130   0.13830   1.00000   0.01431

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Loading XRD data...

2θ (degrees) d-spacing (Å)

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.042 Å	(100)
2.714 Å	(85)
3.222 Å	(45)
2.774 Å	(30)
2.852 Å	(25)
2.751 Å	(25)
2.550 Å	(25)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
34 : Complex granite pegmatites

Type Occurrence of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Serra Branca pegmatite, Pedra Lavrada, Paraíba, Brazil
ⓘ Nickel Plate Mine, Keystone, Keystone Mining District, Pennington County, South Dakota, USA

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Mineral Museum, School of Mines, Paris, France (38431).

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Headdenite

Other Language Names for Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Dutch:Arrojadiet-(KFe)

French:Arrojadite-(KFe)

German:Arrojadit-(KFe)
Arrojadit
Arrojardit
Headdenit

Norwegian:Arrojaditt-(KFe)

Russian:Арроядит-(KFe)

Spanish:Arrojadita
Headdenita

Relationship of Arrojadite-(KFe) to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Arrojadite Group

Other Members of Arrojadite Group:

Arrojadite-(BaNa)	(Ba◻)(NaNa)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
'Arrojadite-(KFeNa)'	(KNa)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂Na)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₄)(OH)₂
Arrojadite-(KNa)	(KNa)(NaNa)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂	Mon. m : Bb
'Arrojadite-(NaFe)'	(NaNa)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂
Arrojadite-(PbFe)	(Pb◻)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂	Mon. m : Bb
Arrojadite-(SrFe)	(Sr◻)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂	Mon. m : Bb
Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)	(KNa)(Mn²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂Na)Mn²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₄)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
'Ferri-arrojadite-(BaNa)'	(Ba◻)(NaNa)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Fe³⁺(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂
Fluorarrojadite-(BaFe)	(Ba◻)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)F₂	Mon. m : Bb
Fluorarrojadite-(BaNa)	(Ba◻)(NaNa)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)F₂	Mon. m : Bb
'Fluorarrojadite-(KNa)'	(KNa)(NaNa)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)F₂
'Fluorarrojadite-(NaFe)'	(NaNa)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)F₂
Fluorcarmoite-(BaNa)	(Ba◻)(NaNa)Ca(Na₂◻)Mg₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)F₂	Mon. m : Bb
Manganoarrojadite-(KNa)	(KNa)(NaNa)Mn²⁺(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂	Mon. m : Bb
Sigismundite	(Ba◻)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂	Mon. m : Bb

Forms a series with:

Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)

Arrojadite-(KFe)-Dickinsonite-(KMnNa) Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

10 photos of Arrojadite-(KFe) associated with Gordonite	MgAl₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 8H₂O
8 photos of Arrojadite-(KFe) associated with Lazulite	MgAl₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂
7 photos of Arrojadite-(KFe) associated with Messelite	Ca₂Fe²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 2H₂O
7 photos of Arrojadite-(KFe) associated with Wardite	NaAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₄ · 2H₂O
7 photos of Arrojadite-(KFe) associated with Childrenite	Fe²⁺Al(PO₄)(OH)₂ · H₂O
6 photos of Arrojadite-(KFe) associated with Vivianite	Fe²⁺Fe²⁺₂(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
5 photos of Arrojadite-(KFe) associated with Quartz	SiO₂
5 photos of Arrojadite-(KFe) associated with Siderite	FeCO₃
3 photos of Arrojadite-(KFe) associated with Strunzite	Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
3 photos of Arrojadite-(KFe) associated with Mitridatite	Ca₂Fe³⁺₃(PO₄)₃O₂ · 3H₂O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

8.BF.	Manganoarrojadite-(KNa)	(KNa)(NaNa)Mn²⁺(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂	Mon. m : Bb
8.BF.	Sigismundite	(Ba◻)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂	Mon. m : Bb
8.BF.05	Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)	(KNa)(Mn²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂Na)Mn²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₄)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
8.BF.05	Arrojadite-(KNa)	(KNa)(NaNa)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂	Mon. m : Bb
8.BF.05	Fluorarrojadite-(BaNa)	(Ba◻)(NaNa)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)F₂	Mon. m : Bb
8.BF.05	Arrojadite-(PbFe)	(Pb◻)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂	Mon. m : Bb
8.BF.05	Fluorarrojadite-(BaFe)	(Ba◻)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)F₂	Mon. m : Bb
8.BF.05	'Unnamed (Ba-dominant member of dickinsonite group)'
8.BF.05	'Unnamed (Pb-dominant member of dickinsonite group)'
8.BF.05	Arrojadite-(SrFe)	(Sr◻)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂	Mon. m : Bb
8.BF.05	'Arrojadite-(NaFe)'	(NaNa)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂
8.BF.05	Arrojadite-(BaNa)	(Ba◻)(NaNa)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
8.BF.05	'Arrojadite-(KFeNa)'	(KNa)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂Na)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₄)(OH)₂
8.BF.05	'Ferri-arrojadite-(BaNa)'	(Ba◻)(NaNa)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Fe³⁺(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)(OH)₂
8.BF.05	'Fluorarrojadite-(KNa)'	(KNa)(NaNa)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)F₂
8.BF.05	'Fluorarrojadite-(NaFe)'	(NaNa)(Fe²⁺◻)Ca(Na₂◻)Fe²⁺₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)F₂
8.BF.05	Fluorcarmoite-(BaNa)	(Ba◻)(NaNa)Ca(Na₂◻)Mg₁₃Al(PO₄)₁₁(PO₃OH)F₂	Mon. m : Bb
8.BF.10	Samuelsonite	(Ca,Ba)Ca₈Fe²⁺₂Mn²⁺₂Al₂(PO₄)₁₀(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
8.BF.15	Griphite	Na₄Li₂Ca₆(Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg)₁₉Al₈(PO₄)₂₄(F,OH)₈	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
8.BF.20	Nabiasite	BaMn₉(VO₄)₆(OH)₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
8.BF.25	Starovaite	KCu₅O(VO₄)₃	Tric. 1 : P1
8.BF.30	Achyrophanite	(K,Na)₃(Fe³⁺,Ti,Al,Mg)₅O₂(AsO₄)₅	Orth. 222 : P222₁
8.BF.35	Cryptochalcite	K₂Cu₅O(SO₄)₅	Tric. 1 : P1
8.BF.35	Cesiodymite	CsKCu₅O(SO₄)₅	Tric. 1 : P1

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:

Element	% Content	Activity (Bq/kg)	Radiation Type
Uranium (U)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Thorium (Th)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Potassium (K)	1.8342%	569	β, γ

For comparison:

Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Mass of radioactive mineral:

Shielding material:

Activity: –

Distance	Dose rate	Risk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μ_shield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((A_U × Γ_U) + (A_Th × Γ_Th) + (A_K × Γ_K)) / r² × μ_shield

Fluorescence of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

In UV light:

None

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Reference List:

Guimarães, Djalma (1942) Arrojadite, a new mineral of the wagnerite group. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade de São Paulo. Mineralogia 5, 3-16 doi:10.11606/bmffclusp.v0i5.121334

Mason, Brian (1942) Some iron-manganese phosphate minerals from the pegmatite at Hühnerkobel in Bavaria. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 64 (3) 335-340 doi:10.1080/11035894209446083[as Arrojadite]

Eriksson (1946) Arkiv för Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi, Stockholm: 23A, no. 8. [as Hühnerkobelite]

Lindberg, Marie Louise (1950) Arrojadite, hühnerkobelite, and graftonite. American Mineralogist, 35 (1-2) 59-76 (as Hühnerkobelite)

Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.

Moore, Paul B., Ito, Jun (1979) Alluaudites, wyllieites, arrojadites: crystal chemistry and nomenclature. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (326) 227-235 doi:10.1180/minmag.1979.043.326.04

Merlino, S., Mellini, M., Zanazzi, P. F. (1981) Structure of arrojadite, KNa₄CaMn₄Fe₁₀Al(PO₄)₁₂(OH,F)₂. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 37 (9) 1733-1736 doi:10.1107/s0567740881007012

Moore, Paul B., Araki, Takaharu, Merlino, Stefano, Mellini, Marcello, Zanazzi, and Pier Francesco (1981) The arrojadite-dickinsonite series, KNa₄Ca(Fe,Mn)²⁺₁₄Al(OH)₂(PO₄)₁₄: crystal structure and crystal chemistry. American Mineralogist, 66 (9-10) 1034-1049

Steele, I.M. (2002) Arrojadite: variations in space group and composition based on four new refinements. 18th General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association, Edinburgh, UK 2002, MO2-117.

Camara, F. (2006) The arrojadite enigma: I. A new formula and a new model for the arrojadite structure. American Mineralogist, 91 (8) 1249-1259 doi:10.2138/am.2006.2189

Chopin, Christian, Oberti, Roberta, Cámara, Fernando (2006) The arrojadite enigma: II. Compositional space, new members, and nomenclature of the group. American Mineralogist, 91 (8). 1260-1270 doi:10.2138/am.2006.2190

Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2015) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2014 and 2015. Newsletter No 23. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (1) 51-58 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.1.05

(2022) Arrojadite-(KFe). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Showing 63 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Argentina
Salta Province La Poma Department ⓘ El Quemado mining district	M. A. Galliski (1981) +2 other references
ⓘ El Peñón deposit	Galliski et al. (2002)

Australia
Victoria East Gippsland Shire Glen Valley ⓘ Blue Jacket Tin Mine (Blue Jacket Reef)	Eagle et al. (2015) +1 other reference
ⓘ Knocker dyke (South Blue Jacket)	Eagle et al. (2015) +1 other reference
ⓘ Mt Wills mining district	Eagle et al. (2015)

Brazil
Minas Gerais Conselheiro Pena Barra do Cuieté ⓘ Boa Vista pegmatite	Cassedanne et al. (1982)
Galiléia Laranjeiras ⓘ Ênio claim	Cassedanne et al. (1981)
ⓘ Sapucaia do Norte	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
Paraíba Pedra Lavrada ⓘ Alto Patrimônio pegmatite	Murdoch (1955)
ⓘ Serra Branca pegmatite (TL)	Rocks & Minerals (Jan.2000) +2 other references

Canada
Yukon Dawson mining district ⓘ Big Fish River	Robinson et al. (1992)
ⓘ Locality 15	Robinson et al. (1992)
ⓘ Locality 16	Robinson et al. (1992)
ⓘ Rapid Creek	Grice (1989) +1 other reference
Kulan Camp (Area A; Area 1) ⓘ Crosscut Creek	Robinson et al. (1992)
ⓘ Locality 2	Robinson et al. (1992)
ⓘ Locality 3	Robinson et al. (1992)
ⓘ Locality 4	Gianfranco Ciccolini collection
ⓘ Locality 5	Robinson et al. (1992)
ⓘ Locality 7	Robinson et al. (1992)

China
Fujian Nanping Yanping District Nanping pegmatite field ⓘ Pegmatite No. 31	Rao et al. (2014)

Czech Republic
Plzeň Region Domažlice District Otov ⓘ ~~Otov I pegmatite~~	Masau +2 other references

Europe
ⓘ Albera Massif	Berbain et al. (2012)

Finland
Southwest Finland Kimitoön (Kemiönsaari) Kimitoön Island ⓘ Skogsböle (Skogböle)	GFF (1899)

France
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Haute-Vienne Bellac Razès Chanteloube Vilatte Quarries (La Vilate) ⓘ Vilatte-Basse Quarry (Les Eaux Vertes Quarry)	Anthony et al. (2000)
Occitanie Pyrénées-Orientales Céret Collioure ⓘ Pegmatite field	Berbain et al. (2012)

Germany
Bavaria Lower Bavaria Regen District Zwiesel Rabenstein ⓘ Hühnerkobel Mine (Hennenkobel Mine)	Weiß (1990)
Upper Palatinate Neustadt an der Waldnaab District Waidhaus Hagendorf ⓘ Hagendorf South Pegmatite	web.archive.org (2001)
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis Ehrenfriedersdorf ⓘ Sauberg Mine	Thomas et al. (2000)

Italy
Lombardy Lecco Province Colico ⓘ Piona Peninsula	VIGNOLA et al. (2007)

Japan
Ibaraki Prefecture Kasumigaura City Chiyoda-machi ⓘ Yukiiri	The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed)

Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region Ouarzazate Province Amerzgane Cercle Ouisselsate Caïdat ⓘ Angarf-South pegmatite	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Marrakesh-Safi Region Marrakech Prefecture ⓘ Sidi Bou Kricha	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
Rehamna Province Sidi Bou Othmane Cercle Jebilet Mountain (Djebilet Mountain) ⓘ Sidi Bou Othmane	Fontan (1978)

Namibia
Erongo Region Karibib Constituency Abbabis Farm 70 ⓘ No. 1 pegmatite	Keller (1991) +2 other references
ⓘ No. 3 pegmatite	Keller (1991)
Okatjimukuju Farm 55 (Friedrichsfelde Farm) ⓘ Clementine II pegmatite	Keller et al. (1989) +2 other references

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Świdnica County Gmina Świdnica ⓘ Michałkowa pegmatites	Grochowina et al. (2012)
ⓘ Góry Sowie Block	Pieczka et al. (2017)

Portugal
Viseu ⓘ Mangualde	Anthony et al. (2000)

Spain
Castile and Leon Salamanca Garcirrey ⓘ Julita quarry (Cañada pegmatite)	Encarnación Roda-Robles (2007)
Catalonia Girona Alt Empordà Cadaqués ⓘ Cap de Creus	Bareche (2005)
ⓘ El Port de la Selva	& locality references +1 other reference

Sweden
Stockholm County Haninge Norrö ⓘ Norrö Mica Quarry	Gustafsson et al. (1991)
Sigtuna Arlanda ⓘ Norrskogen	Nysten (1998)

UK
ⓘ Scotland	Tindle (2008)
Aberdeenshire Strathdon ⓘ Glenbuchat	Livingstone et al. (1983) +1 other reference

Ukraine
Kirovohrad Oblast ⓘ Mostovyi occurrence ?	Lyzhachenko et al. (2019)

USA
Connecticut Middlesex County East Hampton Cobalt ⓘ State Forest Quarry No. 2 ?	Januzzi (1976)
New Hampshire Grafton County Groton ⓘ Nancy Quarries	Smith (2005)
ⓘ Nancy No. 2 Quarry	Moore (1973)
ⓘ Palermo No. 1 Mine	Moore (1973)
ⓘ Rice Quarry	Moore (1973) +2 other references
Sullivan County ⓘ Newport	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
ⓘ Chandlers Mill Quarry	Anthony et al. (2000) +1 other reference
South Dakota Custer County Custer Mining District Custer ⓘ Victory Mine ?	Anthony et al. (2000)
Pennington County Keystone Mining District Keystone ⓘ Etta Mine	Rocks & Minerals: 67 (6)
ⓘ Nickel Plate Mine (TL)	Lindberg (1950) +3 other references
ⓘ White Cap Mine	Mineralogical Society of America - ...

Zimbabwe
Mashonaland East Murehwa District ⓘ Ruwanzi Ranch	Anthony et al. (2000)
Mashonaland West Karoi District ⓘ Chiwya claims	Anthony et al. (2000)
ⓘ Pearl claim	Anthony et al. (2000)
ⓘ Star Twin claim	Anthony et al. (2000)

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Arrojadite-(KFe)

About Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

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Similar NamesHide

IMA Classification of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Classification of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Optical Data of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Chemistry of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Chemical AnalysisHide

Crystallography of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Synonyms of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Other Language Names for Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Relationship of Arrojadite-(KFe) to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

RadioactivityHide

Fluorescence of Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

References for Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Localities for Arrojadite-(KFe)Hide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide