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Eswatinii
Regional Level Types
Eswatini Country

Regional Level Types
Eswatini	Country

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All Photos (21)Specimen Photos (15)Locality Photos (6)Photos by Color Gallery Photo Statistics Add Photo

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Predictive Mineralogy

Geological map of Swaziland

Eswatini

Sinceni Mountain and cassiterite diggings

Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

Forbes Reef Historical photo

Forbes Reef area, Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

Geological map of Swaziland

Eswatini

Sinceni Mountain and cassiterite diggings

Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

Forbes Reef Historical photo

Forbes Reef area, Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

Geological map of Swaziland

Eswatini

Sinceni Mountain and cassiterite diggings

Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

Area:

17,364 km²

Neighbouring regions:

South Africa

Mozambique

Type:

Country

Largest Settlements:

Place	Population
Manzini	110,537 (2013)
Mbabane	76,218 (2012)
Big Bend	10,342 (2013)
Malkerns	9,724 (2018)
Nhlangano	9,016 (2018)
Mhlume	8,652 (2013)

Mindat Locality ID:

24757

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:24757:0

GUID (UUID V4):

Other/historical names associated with this locality:

Kingdom of Eswatini; eSwatini; Swaziland

Other Languages:

View 204 more...

French:

Swaziland

German:

Swasiland

Italian:

Swaziland

Russian:

Свазиленд

Simplified Chinese:

斯威士兰

Spanish:

Suazilandia

Achinese:

Swaziland

Afrikaans:

Swaziland

Albanian:

Suazilendi

Alemannic:

Swasiland

Amharic:

ኤስዋቲኒ

Anglo-Saxon:

Sƿasiland

Arabic:

سوازيلاند

Aragonese:

Swazilandia

Armenian:

Սվազիլենդ

Asturian:

Suazilandia

Aymara:

Suasïsuiu

Azeri:

Esvatini

Bambara:

Swaziland

Bashkir:

Эсватини

Basque:

Swazilandia

Belarusian:

Свазіленд

Belarusian (Tarashkevitsa):

Эсўаціні

Bengali:

সোয়াজিল্যান্ড

Bishnupriya Manipuri:

সোয়াজিল্যান্ড

Bosnian:

Svazi

Breton:

Swaziland

Bulgarian:

Свазиленд

Burmese:

ဆွာဇီလန်နိုင်ငံ

Catalan:

Swazilàndia

Cebuano:

Swaziland

Central Bikol:

Swasilandya

Central Kurdish/Sorani:

سوازیلاند

Chavacano:

Swaziland

Chechen:

Свазиленд

Classical Chinese:

史瓦濟蘭

Cornish:

Pow Swati

Crimean Tatar (Latin):

Svaziland

Croatian:

Svazi

Czech:

Svazijsko

Danish:

Swaziland

Doteli:

स्वाजिल्याण्ड

Dutch:

Swaziland

Dzongkha:

སུ་ཝ་ཛི་ལེནཌ

Egyptian Arabic:

اسواتينى

Esperanto:

Svazilando

Estonian:

Svaasimaa

Ewe:

Swaziland

Extremaduran:

Suazilandia

Faroese:

Svasiland

Farsi/Persian:

سوازیلند

Fiji Hindi:

Swaziland

Finnish:

Swazimaa

Franco-Provençal:

Souazilande

Fula:

Swaasilannda

Gagauz:

Svazilend

Galician:

Suacilandia

Georgian:

სვაზილენდი

Greek:

Σουαζιλάνδη

Greenlandic:

Swazilandi

Guarani:

Suasilándia

Gujarati:

સ્વાઝીલેન્ડ

Haitian:

Swazilann

Hakka:

Swaziland

Hausa:

ESwatini

Hawaiian:

Suazilana

Hebrew:

סווזילנד

Hindi:

स्वाज़ीलैण्ड

Hungarian:

Szváziföld

Icelandic:

Svasíland

Ido:

Eswatini

Igbo:

Swaziland

Iloko:

Swaziland

Indonesian:

Swaziland

Interlingua:

Swazilandia

Interlingue:

Swaziland

Irish Gaelic:

An tSuasalainn

Jamaican Patois:

Suazilan

Japanese:

スワジランド

Javanese:

ESwatini

Judaeo-Spanish:

Suazilandia

Kabiye:

Suwazilandɩ

Kabyle:

Swaziland

Kalmyk:

Свазилендин Нутг

Kannada:

ಸ್ವಾಜಿಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್

Kapampangan:

Swaziland

Karakalpak:

Svazilend

Kashmiri:

سُوزِلینٛڑ

Kazakh (Cyrillic Script):

Суазиланд

Khmer:

សូហ្ស៉ីឡង់

Kikuyu:

Uswazi

Kinyarwanda:

Swazilande

Kongo:

Swati

Korean:

스와질란드

Kurdish (Latin Script):

Swaziland

Kyrgyz:

Эсватини

Lao:

ສະວາຊິແລນ

Latin:

Swazia

Latvian:

Svazilenda

Ligurian:

Swaziland

Limburgian:

Swaziland

Lingala:

Swaziland

Lingua Franca Nova:

Suaziland

Lithuanian:

Svazilandas

Livvi-Karelian:

Svazimua

Lojban:

suazilynd

Lombard:

Swaziland

Low Saxon/Low German:

Swasiland

Luganda:

Swaziland

Luri:

سۊڤازیلند

Luxembourgish:

Swasiland

Macedonian:

Свазиленд

Malagasy:

Soazilandy

Malay:

Eswatini

Malayalam:

സ്വാസിലാന്റ്

Maltese:

Sważiland

Manx:

Yn Çheer Swassee

Maori:

Warerangi

Marathi:

स्वाझीलँड

Mazanderani:

سوزایلند

Meadow Mari:

Свазиленд

Min Dong Chinese:

Swaziland

Mingrelian:

სვაზილენდი

Minnan / Hokkien-Taiwanese:

Swazi-tē

Mongolian:

Свазиланд

Nahuatl:

Suazitlālpan

Navajo:

Swáazi Dineʼé Bikéyah

Nepali:

स्वाजिल्याण्ड

Norfolk:

Swoseland

Northern Frisian:

Eswatini

Northern Sami:

Svazieana

Northern Sotho:

ESwatini

Norwegian:

Swaziland

Norwegian (Nynorsk):

Eswatini

Novial:

Swazilande

Occitan:

eSwatini

Odia:

ସ୍ଵାଜିଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ

Ossetian:

Свазиленд

Pali:

स्वाजीलैंड

Papiamento:

Swaziland

Pashto:

سوازيلانډ

Pennsylvania German:

Swasiland

Piedmontese:

Swaziland

Polish:

Suazi

Portuguese:

Suazilândia

Punjabi:

ਸਵਾਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡ

Quechua:

Swasisuyu

Ripuarian:

ẞwaasiland

Romanian:

Swaziland

Rundi:

Suwazilandi

Russia Buriat:

Свазиланд

Samogitian:

Esvatėnis

Sango:

Swäzïlânde

Sanskrit:

स्वाजीलैंड

Sardinian:

Swaziland

Saterland Frisian:

Swasilound

Scots:

Swaziland

Scottish Gaelic:

Rìoghachd eSwatini

Serbian:

Свазиленд

Serbian (Latin Script):

Esvatini

Serbo-Croatian:

Esvatini

Sesotho:

Swatsing

Shona:

Swaziland

Sicilian:

Swaziland

Silesian:

Suazi

Sindhi:

سوازي لينڊ

Sinhalese:

ස්වාසිලන්තය

Slovak:

Svazijsko

Slovenian:

Svazi

Somali:

Swasiland

South Azerbaijani:

سوازیلند

Sundanese:

Swaziland

Swahili:

Uswazi

Swati:

eSwatini

Swedish:

Swaziland

Tagalog:

Suwasilandya

Tajik (Cyrillic Script):

Свазиленд

Tamil:

சுவாசிலாந்து

Tatar:

Свазиленд

Telugu:

స్వాజీలాండ్

Thai:

สวาซิแลนด์

Tibetan (Standard):

སུ་ཝ་ཛི་ལནཌ།

Tigrinya:

ኤስዋቲኒ

Tongan:

Suasileni

Traditional Chinese:

斯威士蘭

Tsonga:

ESwatini

Turkish:

Svaziland

Turkmen:

Swazilend

Ukrainian:

Свазіленд

Upper Sorbian:

Swaziska

Urdu:

سوازی لینڈ

Uyghur:

سۋازىلېند

Uzbek (Latin Script):

Svazilend

Venetian:

Swaziland

Veps:

Esvatini

Vietnamese:

Swaziland

Volapük:

Svasiyän

Võro:

Svaasimaa

Waray:

Swazilandya

Welsh:

Gwlad Swazi

West Frisian:

Swazilân

Western Punjabi:

سوازی لینڈ

Wolof:

Suwaasilaand

Wu Chinese:

斯威士蘭

Yakut:

Суазилэнд

Yiddish:

סוואזילאנד

Yoruba:

Swásílándì

Zazaki:

Swaziland

Zhuang:

Eswatini

Zulu:

Eswatini

Formally known as the Kingdom of Eswatini.

The Kingdom of Eswatini was previously known as Swaziland which was a former British protectorate from 1903 to its independence on 6 September 1968. In April 2018, the country was officially renamed Kingdom of Eswatini.

Eswatini is divided into four regions (previously districts until April 2018): Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini and Shiselweni.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup
var. Hornblende'

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ Cobaltite

ⓘ Coesite

ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'

ⓘ Columbite-(Mn)

ⓘ 'Columbite-Tantalite'

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

ⓘ 'var. Perthite'

ⓘ 'Fergusonite' ?

ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite

72 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)

Formula: Y(TiNb)O₆

Locality: Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Cassiterite, Monazite, etc. The “Æschynite” from Hitterö. Mineralogical Record, 12: 96-101

Prior, G. T. (1899) Minerals from Swaziland: Niobates and titanates of the rare earths, chemically allied to Euxenite and Fergusonite; Cassiterite, Monazite, etc. The “Æschynite” from Hitterö. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 12 (55) 96-101 doi:10.1180/minmag.1899.012.55.05

Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. - Ed. (1997) Handbook of Mineralogy Vol. 3 - Halides, Hydroxides, Oxides. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona. p.1-682.

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

Localities:

Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Tokwane pegmatites, Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Mentenga pegmatites (Mentanga pegmatites), Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

ⓘ 'Allanite Group'

Formula: (A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Locality: Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Trumbull, Robert B. (1995) Tin mineralization in the Archean Sinceni rare element pegmatite field, Kaapvaal Craton, Swaziland. Economic Geology, 90 (3) 648-657 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.90.3.648

ⓘ Andalusite

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)O

Locality: Sicunusa, Shiselweni Region, Eswatini

Description: Deposits of grey-white andalusite with diaspore occur in pyrophyllite schist. Mined as a source of aluminium.

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (2004) Field Guide to Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa. 288pp.

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃A

Locality: Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Trumbull, Robert B. (1995) Tin mineralization in the Archean Sinceni rare element pegmatite field, Kaapvaal Craton, Swaziland. Economic Geology, 90 (3) 648-657 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.90.3.648

ⓘ Armenite

Formula: Ba(H₂O)₂Ca₂Al₃[Al₃Si₉O₃₀]

Locality: Londozi mine, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Roerdink, Desiree L., Mason, Paul R.D., Whitehouse, Martin J., Brouwer, Fraukje M. (2016) Reworking of atmospheric sulfur in a Paleoarchean hydrothermal system at Londozi, Barberton Greenstone Belt, Swaziland. Precambrian Research, 280. 195-204 doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2016.05.007

ⓘ Arsenopyrite

Formula: FeAsS

Localities:

Forbes Reef area, Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
She Mine, Pigg's Peak, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Pigg's Peak, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ 'Asbestos'

Locality: Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Schapira, Jessica Shaye, Bolhar, Robert, Master, Sharad, Wilson, Allan H. (2023) Mineralogical, Petrological and Geochemical Characterisation of Chrysotile, Amosite and Crocidolite Asbestos Mine Waste from Southern Africa in Context of Risk Assessment and Rehabilitation. Minerals, 13 (10) doi:10.3390/min13101352

ⓘ Azurite

Formula: Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂

Locality: Nkambeni, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (2004) Field Guide to Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa. 288pp.

ⓘ Baryte

Formula: BaSO₄

Localities:

Pigg's Peak, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Londozi mine, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

Description: Known to be present in veins up to 1 metre thick in chert, on the eastern bank of the Londolozi river.

ⓘ Beryl

Formula: Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)

Localities:

Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Hlatikulu, Shiselweni Region, Eswatini
Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

Description: Largest beryl crystal found in the foothills of the mountain weighed 106 kg. Also common to find crystals weighing 5-15 kg. Associated minerals are quartz, muscovite, albite, microline, topaz, cassiterite, magnetite, tantaite, schorl, monazite and zircon.

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Bornite

Formula: Cu₅FeS₄

Localities:

Forbes Reef area, Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Makwana Kop (Makwanakop), Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Kubuta, Shiselweni Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Brucite

Formula: Mg(OH)₂

Localities:

West dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
East dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

Locality: Nsalitshe Hill, Shiselweni Region, Eswatini

Description: Found on the slopes of Nsalitshe Hill, occurs in veins 1-4 metres wide, individual crystals up to 15cm diameter.

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (2004) Field Guide to Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa. 288pp.

ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende'

Formula: A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂

Localities:

East dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
West dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Cassiterite

Formula: SnO₂

Localities: Reported from at least 13 localities in this region.

ⓘ Celsian

Formula: Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)

Locality: Londozi mine, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

ⓘ Cerussite

Formula: PbCO₃

Locality: Kubuta, Shiselweni Region, Eswatini

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (2004) Field Guide to Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa. 288pp.

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

Localities:

Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
West dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
East dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Chromite

Formula: Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄

Localities:

Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Chrysotile

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Localities:

Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
West dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
East dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Cinnabar

Formula: HgS

Locality: Unnamed quarry, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (2004) Field Guide to Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa. 288pp.

ⓘ 'Clinochrysotile'

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Locality: Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

King, Van (n.d.) Personal communcation.

Yada, K. (1979) Microstructures of chrysotile and antigorite by high–resolution electron microscopy. The Canadian Mineralogist: 17: 679-691.

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

Locality: Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

ⓘ Cobaltite

Formula: CoAsS

Locality: Pigg's Peak, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Foster, R. P., & Piper, D. P. (1993). Archaean lode gold deposits in Africa: Crustal setting, metallogenesis and cratonization. Ore Geology Reviews, 8(3), 303-347.

ⓘ Coesite

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Daniels, L. R. M. (1991). Diamonds and related minerals from the Dokolwayo kimberlite, kingdom of Swaziland. Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geochemistry of the University of Cape Town

ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'

Locality: Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Trumbull, Robert B. (1995) Tin mineralization in the Archean Sinceni rare element pegmatite field, Kaapvaal Craton, Swaziland. Economic Geology, 90 (3) 648-657 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.90.3.648

ⓘ Columbite-(Mn)

Formula: Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆

Locality: Zishineni, Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Grew, Edward S., Bosi, Ferdinando, Ros, Linus, Kristiansson, Per, Gunter, Mickey E., Hålenius, Ulf, Trumbull, Robert B., Yates, Martin G. (2018) Fluor-elbaite, lepidolite and Ta–Nb oxides from a pegmatite of the 3000 Ma Sinceni Pluton, Swaziland: evidence for lithium–cesium–tantalum (LCT) pegmatites in the Mesoarchean. European Journal of Mineralogy, 30 (2) 205-218 doi:10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2686

ⓘ 'Columbite-Tantalite'

Locality: Hlatikulu, Shiselweni Region, Eswatini

References:

Sinkankas, John (1981) Emerald and other beryls. Chilton Book Co. 665pp.

ⓘ Corundum

Formula: Al₂O₃

Localities:

Hlatikulu, Shiselweni Region, Eswatini
Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Diamond

Formula: C

Localities:

Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Diaspore

Formula: AlO(OH)

Locality: Sicunusa, Shiselweni Region, Eswatini

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (2004) Field Guide to Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa. 288pp.

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

Localities:

Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
West dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
East dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Dolomite

Formula: CaMg(CO₃)₂

Localities:

West dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
East dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Dravite

Formula: NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

Locality: Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Trumbull, R. B. (1995) A fluid inclusion study of the Sinceni rare-element pegmatites of Swaziland. Mineralogy and Petrology, 55 (1) 85-102 doi:10.1007/bf01162581

ⓘ Elbaite

Formula: Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

Localities:

Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Zishineni, Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Kubuta, Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Enstatite

Formula: Mg₂Si₂O₆

Localities:

East dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
West dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Localities:

Makwana Kop (Makwanakop), Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Nkambeni, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Londozi mine, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)

Formula: (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆

Locality: Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Mineralogical Magazine 1899 12 : 96-101

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

Locality: Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Field, Matthew; Stiefenhofer, Johann; Robey, Jock; Kurszlaukis, Stephan (2008) Kimberlite-hosted diamond deposits of southern Africa: A review. Ore Geology Reviews, 34 (1-2). 33-75 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2007.11.002

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

Localities:

Mentenga pegmatites (Mentanga pegmatites), Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'

Locality: Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Trumbull, Robert B. (1995) Tin mineralization in the Archean Sinceni rare element pegmatite field, Kaapvaal Craton, Swaziland. Economic Geology, 90 (3) 648-657 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.90.3.648

ⓘ 'Fergusonite' ?

Locality: Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

Description: small rounded lenticular pebbles

References:

Mineralogical Magazine 1899 12 : 96-101

ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite

Formula: (Ca,Na)₂(Ta,Nb)₂O₆F

Locality: Zishineni, Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

ⓘ Fluor-elbaite

Formula: Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F

Locality: Zishineni, Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF₂

Locality: Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

Colour: Mauve

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (2004) Field Guide to Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa. 288pp.

ⓘ Forsterite

Formula: Mg₂(SiO₄)

Localities:

East dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
West dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

Localities:

Kubuta, Shiselweni Region, Eswatini
Londozi mine, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

Localities:

Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Tokwane pegmatites, Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Mentenga pegmatites (Mentanga pegmatites), Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: Fe³⁺O(OH)

Localities:

Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Devil's Reef, Pigg's Peak, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Ngwenya Mine (Bomvu deposit), Ngwenya Mountain (Bomvu Ridge), Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Ngwenya Mountain (Bomvu Ridge), Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Graphite

Formula: C

Locality: Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Daniels, L. R. M. (1991). Diamonds and related minerals from the Dokolwayo kimberlite, kingdom of Swaziland. Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geochemistry of the University of Cape Town

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.

ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

Localities:

Ngwenya Mountain (Bomvu Ridge), Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Ngwenya Mine (Bomvu deposit), Ngwenya Mountain (Bomvu Ridge), Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Hübnerite

Formula: MnWO₄

Locality: Zishineni, Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

Localities:

Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

Localities:

Tokwane pegmatites, Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Mentenga pegmatites (Mentanga pegmatites), Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ 'Lepidolite'

Localities:

Zishineni, Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Kubuta, Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

ⓘ 'Limonite'

Locality: Gege, Shiselweni Region, Eswatini

References:

Hunter, D. R. (1962): The mineral resources of Swaziland. Swaziland Geol. Survey and Mines Dept., Bull. No. 2, 1-111.

ⓘ Lizardite

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Localities:

East dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
West dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Magnesite

Formula: MgCO₃

Localities:

East dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
West dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Ngwenya Mountain (Bomvu Ridge), Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ Malachite

Formula: Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂

Localities:

Makwana Kop (Makwanakop), Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Kubuta, Shiselweni Region, Eswatini

ⓘ 'Mica Group'

Locality: Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

May 1995

v. 90

no. 3

p. 648-657

ⓘ Microcline

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

Locality: Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (2004) Field Guide to Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa. 288pp.

ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane

Formula: (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]

Locality: Londozi mine, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

ⓘ 'Microlite Group'

Formula: A_2-mTa₂X_6-wZ_1-n

Localities:

Zishineni, Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

ⓘ 'Monazite Group'

Formula: REE(PO₄)

Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities:

Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Tokwane pegmatites, Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Mentenga pegmatites (Mentanga pegmatites), Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Zishineni, Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Native Gold

Formula: Au

Localities: Reported from at least 24 localities in this region.

ⓘ Native Mercury

Formula: Hg

Locality: Unnamed quarry, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Sorrell, Steve (n.d.) Personal communication.

ⓘ 'Olivine Group'

Formula: M₂SiO₄

Locality: Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

ⓘ 'Orthochrysotile'

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Locality: Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Yada, K. (1979) Microstructures of chrysotile and antigorite by high–resolution electron microscopy. The Canadian Mineralogist: 17: 679-691.

ⓘ 'Parachrysotile'

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

Locality: Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Yada, K. (1979) Microstructures of chrysotile and antigorite by high–resolution electron microscopy. The Canadian Mineralogist: 17: 679-691.

ⓘ Phlogopite

Formula: KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Locality: Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

ⓘ Polylithionite

Formula: KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂

Locality: Zishineni, Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

Localities:

East dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Londozi mine, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
West dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Pyrophyllite

Formula: Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

Locality: Sicunusa, Shiselweni Region, Eswatini

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (2004) Field Guide to Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa. 288pp.

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

Locality: Pigg's Peak, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Foster, R. P., & Piper, D. P. (1993). Archaean lode gold deposits in Africa: Crustal setting, metallogenesis and cratonization. Ore Geology Reviews, 8(3), 303-347.

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.

ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Locality: Tokwane pegmatites, Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Maphalala, R. M.; Trumbull, R. B. (1998) A geochemical and Rb-Sr isotopic study of Archaean pegmatite dykes in the tin belt of Swaziland. South African Journal of Geology, 10 (1). 53-65

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

Locality: Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Daniels, L. R. M. (1991). Diamonds and related minerals from the Dokolwayo kimberlite, kingdom of Swaziland. Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geochemistry of the University of Cape Town

ⓘ Scheelite

Formula: Ca(WO₄)

Locality: Mbabane, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Mineralogical Magazine 1899 12 : 96-101

ⓘ Schorl

Formula: NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

Locality: Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Trumbull, R. B. (1995) A fluid inclusion study of the Sinceni rare-element pegmatites of Swaziland. Mineralogy and Petrology, 55 (1) 85-102 doi:10.1007/bf01162581

Cairncross, Bruce (2004) Field Guide to Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa. 288pp.

ⓘ Siderite

Formula: FeCO₃

Localities:

ⓘ Smithsonite

Formula: ZnCO₃

Locality: Nkambeni, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (2004) Field Guide to Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa. 288pp.

ⓘ Spessartine

Formula: Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

Locality: Zishineni, Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

Localities:

Nkambeni, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
Londozi mine, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ Spinel

Formula: MgAl₂O₄

Locality: Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Daniels, L. R. M. (1991). Diamonds and related minerals from the Dokolwayo kimberlite, kingdom of Swaziland. Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geochemistry of the University of Cape Town

ⓘ Spodumene

Formula: LiAlSi₂O₆

Locality: Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Trumbull, Robert B. (1995) Tin mineralization in the Archean Sinceni rare element pegmatite field, Kaapvaal Craton, Swaziland. Economic Geology, 90 (3) 648-657 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.90.3.648

ⓘ Staurolite

Formula: Fe²⁺₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)

Locality: Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Daniels, L. R. M. (1991). Diamonds and related minerals from the Dokolwayo kimberlite, kingdom of Swaziland. Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geochemistry of the University of Cape Town

ⓘ Stichtite

Formula: Mg₆Cr³⁺₂(OH)₁₆[CO₃] · 4H₂O

Locality: Forbes Reef area, Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

Ashwal, Lewis D., Cairncross, Bruce (1997) Mineralogy and origin of stichtite in chromite-bearing serpentinites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 127 (1) 75-86 doi:10.1007/s004100050266

ⓘ Talc

Formula: Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

Localities:

East dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini
West dump, Havelock Mine, Bulembu, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

ⓘ 'Tantalite'

Formula: (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆

Locality: Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (2004) Field Guide to Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa. 288pp.

ⓘ Thorite

Formula: Th(SiO₄)

Locality: Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Trumbull, Robert B. (1995) Tin mineralization in the Archean Sinceni rare element pegmatite field, Kaapvaal Craton, Swaziland. Economic Geology, 90 (3) 648-657 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.90.3.648

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTiO(SiO₄)

Locality: Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Daniels, L. R. M. (1991). Diamonds and related minerals from the Dokolwayo kimberlite, kingdom of Swaziland. Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geochemistry of the University of Cape Town

ⓘ Topaz

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂

Locality: Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

Cairncross, Bruce (2004) Field Guide to Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa. 288pp.

ⓘ 'Tourmaline'

Formula: AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z

Locality: Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

References:

May 1995

v. 90

no. 3

p. 648-657

ⓘ Witherite

Formula: BaCO₃

Locality: Londozi mine, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

References:

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

Localities:

Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Dokolwayo Mine (Dvokolwayo Mine), Dokolwayo, Lubombo Region, Eswatini
Sinceni West area, Sinceni pegmatite field, Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

Gallery:

Fe³⁺O(OH)ⓘ Goethite

Goethite, etc.

Devil's Reef, Pigg's Peak, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

Goethite, etc.

Devil's Reef, Pigg's Peak, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

Goethite, etc.

Devil's Reef, Pigg's Peak, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

Fe₂O₃ⓘ Hematite

Hematite

Ngwenya Mine, Ngwenya Mountain, Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

Hematite

Ngwenya Mine, Ngwenya Mountain, Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

Hematite

Ngwenya Mine, Ngwenya Mountain, Malolotja Nature Reserve, Hhohho Region, Eswatini

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Gold	1.AA.05	Au
ⓘ	Native Mercury	1.AD.05	Hg
ⓘ	Graphite	1.CB.05a	C
ⓘ	Diamond	1.CB.10a	C
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Bornite	2.BA.15	Cu₅FeS₄
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Cinnabar	2.CD.15a	HgS
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Arsenopyrite	2.EB.20	FeAsS
ⓘ	Cobaltite	2.EB.25	CoAsS
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Fluorite	3.AB.25	CaF₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Goethite	4.00.	Fe³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	'Microlite Group'	4.00.	A_2-mTa₂X_6-wZ_1-n
ⓘ	Chromite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Spinel	4.BB.05	MgAl₂O₄
ⓘ	Corundum	4.CB.05	Al₂O₃
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Hematite var. Specularite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Smoky Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Coesite	4.DA.35	SiO₂
ⓘ	Cassiterite	4.DB.05	SnO₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Hübnerite	4.DB.30	MnWO₄
ⓘ	Columbite-(Mn)	4.DB.35	Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆
ⓘ	Aeschynite-(Y)	4.DF.05	Y(TiNb)O₆
ⓘ	Euxenite-(Y)	4.DG.05	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
ⓘ	Fluorcalciomicrolite	4.DH.15	(Ca,Na)₂(Ta,Nb)₂O₆F
ⓘ	Diaspore	4.FD.10	AlO(OH)
ⓘ	Brucite	4.FE.05	Mg(OH)₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Magnesite	5.AB.05	MgCO₃
ⓘ	Siderite	5.AB.05	FeCO₃
ⓘ	Smithsonite	5.AB.05	ZnCO₃
ⓘ	Dolomite	5.AB.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Cerussite	5.AB.15	PbCO₃
ⓘ	Witherite	5.AB.15	BaCO₃
ⓘ	Azurite	5.BA.05	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Malachite	5.BA.10	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Stichtite	5.DA.50	Mg₆Cr³⁺₂(OH)₁₆[CO₃] · 4H₂O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Baryte	7.AD.35	BaSO₄
ⓘ	Scheelite	7.GA.05	Ca(WO₄)
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Chrysotile	9.00.	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Forsterite	9.AC.05	Mg₂(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Spessartine	9.AD.25	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Thorite	9.AD.30	Th(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Andalusite	9.AF.10	Al₂(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Staurolite	9.AF.30	Fe²⁺₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
ⓘ	Topaz	9.AF.35	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTiO(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Beryl	9.CJ.05	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
ⓘ	Dravite	9.CK.05	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Elbaite	9.CK.05	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Schorl	9.CK.05	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Fluor-elbaite	9.CK.05	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
ⓘ	Armenite	9.CM.05	Ba(H₂O)₂Ca₂Al₃[Al₃Si₉O₃₀]
ⓘ	Enstatite	9.DA.05	Mg₂Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Spodumene	9.DA.30	LiAlSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Talc	9.EC.05	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Pyrophyllite	9.EC.10	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Phlogopite	9.EC.20	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Polylithionite	9.EC.20	KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂
ⓘ	'Clinochrysotile'	9.ED.	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Lizardite	9.ED.15	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Celsian	9.FA.30	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)
ⓘ	Microcline var. Hyalophane	9.FA.30	(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ		9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Asbestos'	-
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende'	-	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ³⁺_m)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
ⓘ	'Lepidolite'	-
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-
ⓘ	'Monazite Group'	-	REE(PO₄)
ⓘ	'Orthochrysotile'	-	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	'Parachrysotile'	-	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	'Tantalite'	-	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
ⓘ	'Tourmaline'	-	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'	-
ⓘ	'Mica Group'	-
ⓘ	'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'	-
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Garnet Group'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	'Columbite-Tantalite'	-
ⓘ	'Fergusonite' ?	-
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
ⓘ	'Olivine Group'	-	M₂SiO₄
ⓘ	'Allanite Group'	-	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Armenite	Ba(H₂O)₂Ca₂Al₃[Al₃Si₉O₃₀]
H	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Brucite	Mg(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Clinochrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
H	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
H	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Orthochrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Parachrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Polylithionite	KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂
H	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Stichtite	Mg₆Cr₂³⁺(OH)₁₆[CO₃] · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
H	ⓘ Fluor-elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
H	ⓘ Allanite Group	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Li	Lithium
Li	ⓘ Elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Li	ⓘ Polylithionite	KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂
Li	ⓘ Spodumene	LiAlSi₂O₆
Li	ⓘ Fluor-elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
Be	Beryllium
Be	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
B	ⓘ Elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
B	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
B	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
B	ⓘ Fluor-elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
C	ⓘ Diamond	C
C	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Graphite	C
C	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
C	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
C	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
C	ⓘ Stichtite	Mg₆Cr₂³⁺(OH)₁₆[CO₃] · 4H₂O
C	ⓘ Witherite	BaCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)	Y(TiNb)O₆
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Armenite	Ba(H₂O)₂Ca₂Al₃[Al₃Si₉O₃₀]
O	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
O	ⓘ Brucite	Mg(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Cassiterite	SnO₂
O	ⓘ Celsian	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)
O	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
O	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Clinochrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Coesite	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Corundum	Al₂O₃
O	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
O	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
O	ⓘ Hübnerite	MnWO₄
O	ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane	(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
O	ⓘ Columbite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Monazite Group	REE(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Orthochrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Parachrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Polylithionite	KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂
O	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
O	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
O	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
O	ⓘ Spodumene	LiAlSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Stichtite	Mg₆Cr₂³⁺(OH)₁₆[CO₃] · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
O	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
O	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
O	ⓘ Witherite	BaCO₃
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
O	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
O	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
O	ⓘ Olivine Group	M₂SiO₄
O	ⓘ Fluor-elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
O	ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite	(Ca,Na)₂(Ta,Nb)₂O₆F
O	ⓘ Allanite Group	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
F	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
F	ⓘ Polylithionite	KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂
F	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
F	ⓘ Fluor-elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
F	ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite	(Ca,Na)₂(Ta,Nb)₂O₆F
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Na	ⓘ Elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Na	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Na	ⓘ Fluor-elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
Na	ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite	(Ca,Na)₂(Ta,Nb)₂O₆F
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Brucite	Mg(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Clinochrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Mg	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂(SiO₄)
Mg	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
Mg	ⓘ Orthochrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Parachrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Mg	ⓘ Stichtite	Mg₆Cr₂³⁺(OH)₁₆[CO₃] · 4H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Al	ⓘ Armenite	Ba(H₂O)₂Ca₂Al₃[Al₃Si₉O₃₀]
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Al	ⓘ Celsian	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Al	ⓘ Corundum	Al₂O₃
Al	ⓘ Diaspore	AlO(OH)
Al	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Al	ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane	(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Polylithionite	KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Spodumene	LiAlSi₂O₆
Al	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Fluor-elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Andalusite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Armenite	Ba(H₂O)₂Ca₂Al₃[Al₃Si₉O₃₀]
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Si	ⓘ Celsian	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Si	ⓘ Chrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Clinochrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Coesite	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Dravite	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Si	ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane	(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Lizardite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Orthochrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Parachrysotile	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Polylithionite	KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Spodumene	LiAlSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Topaz	Al₂(SiO₄)(F,OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Olivine Group	M₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Fluor-elbaite	Na(Li_1.5Al_1.5)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃F
Si	ⓘ Allanite Group	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Monazite Group	REE(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
S	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
S	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Cinnabar	HgS
S	ⓘ Cobaltite	CoAsS
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane	(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
K	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Polylithionite	KLi₂Al(Si₄O₁₀)(F,OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Armenite	Ba(H₂O)₂Ca₂Al₃[Al₃Si₉O₃₀]
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
Ca	ⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende	A_nCa₂(Z²⁺_5-mZ_m³⁺)(Si_8-(n+m)Al_(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)₂
Ca	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
Ca	ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite	(Ca,Na)₂(Ta,Nb)₂O₆F
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)	Y(TiNb)O₆
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Cr	Chromium
Cr	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Cr	ⓘ Stichtite	Mg₆Cr₂³⁺(OH)₁₆[CO₃] · 4H₂O
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Hübnerite	MnWO₄
Mn	ⓘ Columbite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆
Mn	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Mn	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Mn	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
Fe	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Fe	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Co	Cobalt
Co	ⓘ Cobaltite	CoAsS
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
As	ⓘ Cobaltite	CoAsS
Y	Yttrium
Y	ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)	Y(TiNb)O₆
Y	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Nb	Niobium
Nb	ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y)	Y(TiNb)O₆
Nb	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Nb	ⓘ Columbite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆
Nb	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Nb	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Nb	ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite	(Ca,Na)₂(Ta,Nb)₂O₆F
Sn	Tin
Sn	ⓘ Cassiterite	SnO₂
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Armenite	Ba(H₂O)₂Ca₂Al₃[Al₃Si₉O₃₀]
Ba	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
Ba	ⓘ Celsian	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Ba	ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane	(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Ba	ⓘ Witherite	BaCO₃
Ce	Cerium
Ce	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Ta	Tantalum
Ta	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Ta	ⓘ Microlite Group	A_2-mTa₂X_6-wZ_1-n
Ta	ⓘ Tantalite	(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆
Ta	ⓘ Fluorcalciomicrolite	(Ca,Na)₂(Ta,Nb)₂O₆F
W	Tungsten
W	ⓘ Hübnerite	MnWO₄
W	ⓘ Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Native Gold	Au
Hg	Mercury
Hg	ⓘ Cinnabar	HgS
Hg	ⓘ Native Mercury	Hg
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Th	Thorium
Th	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Th	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
U	Uranium
U	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Mesoarchean : 3074 ± 3 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic Time

Rocks, Minerals and Events

3074 ± 3 Ma

Sinceni Mountain, Lubombo Region, Eswatini

Fossils

There are 149 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences

149

Youngest Fossil Listed

0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)

Oldest Fossil Listed

174 Ma (Middle Jurassic)

Stratigraphic Units

Unit	No. Occurrences	Age
Third White Ash	1	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma (Pleistocene)
Lebombo Volcanic	2	174.1 - 163.5 Ma (Middle Jurassic)

Fossils from Region

Click here to show the list.

Accepted Name	Hierarchy	Age
Elephantulus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Macroscelidea : Macroscelididae : *Elephantulus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Crocidura genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Soricidae : *Crocidura*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Suncus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Soricidae : *Suncus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Amblysomus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Chrysochloridae : *Amblysomus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Rhinolophus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera : Rhinolophidae : *Rhinolophus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Eptesicus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera : Vespertilionidae : *Eptesicus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Myotis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera : Vespertilionidae : *Myotis*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Scotophilus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera : Vespertilionidae : *Scotophilus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Tadarida genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera : Molossidae : *Tadarida*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Mystromys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Nesomyidae : *Mystromys*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Tatera genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Tatera*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Aethomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Aethomys*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Dasymys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Dasymys*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Dendromus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Nesomyidae : *Dendromus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Grammomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Grammomys*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Lemniscomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Lemniscomys*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Malacothrix genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Nesomyidae : *Malacothrix*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Mastomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Mastomys*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Mus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Mus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Otomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Murina : *Otomys*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Pelomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Pelomys*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Saccostomus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Nesomyidae : *Saccostomus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Thallomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Thallomys*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Lepus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae : *Lepus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Suidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Bovidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Alcelaphus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Alcelaphus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Hippotragus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Hippotragus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Rhinocerotidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Manis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Pholidota : Manidae : *Manis*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Otozamites genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Cycadopsida : *Otozamites*	174.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Hippopotamus amphibius species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hippopotamus : *Hippopotamus amphibius*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Homo sapiens species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Homo : *Homo sapiens*	0.126 - 0.0117 Ma Pleistocene
Chlorocebus aethiops species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Chlorocebus : *Chlorocebus aethiops*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Nycteris genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera : Nycteridae : *Nycteris*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Panthera pardus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Panthera : *Panthera pardus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Potamochoerus porcus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Potamochoerus : *Potamochoerus porcus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Lepus capensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae : Lepus : *Lepus capensis*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Capra hircus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Capra : *Capra hircus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Cephalophus grimmia species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Cephalophus : *Cephalophus grimmia*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Ovis aries species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Ovis : *Ovis aries*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Graphiurus murinus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Gliridae : Graphiurus : *Graphiurus murinus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Phacochoerus aethiopicus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Phacochoerus : *Phacochoerus aethiopicus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Connochaetes taurina species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Connochaetes : *Connochaetes taurina*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Procavia capensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Procaviidae : Procavia : *Procavia capensis*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Cephalophus monticola species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Cephalophus : *Cephalophus monticola*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Antidorcas marsupialis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Antidorcas : *Antidorcas marsupialis*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Ourebia ourebi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Ourebia : *Ourebia ourebi*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Raphicerus sharpei species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Raphicerus : *Raphicerus sharpei*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Raphicerus campestris species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Raphicerus : *Raphicerus campestris*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Hippotragus niger species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Hippotragus : *Hippotragus niger*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Hippotragus equinus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Hippotragus : *Hippotragus equinus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Alcelaphus buselaphus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphus : *Alcelaphus buselaphus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Kobus ellipsiprymnus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : *Kobus ellipsiprymnus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Tragelaphus angasii species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : *Tragelaphus angasii*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Syncerus caffer species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Syncerus : *Syncerus caffer*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Loxodonta africana species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Loxodonta : *Loxodonta africana*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Eudorcas thomsoni species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Eudorcas : *Eudorcas thomsoni*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Felis lybica species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Felis : *Felis lybica*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Caracal caracal species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Caracal : *Caracal caracal*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Caracal serval species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Caracal : *Caracal serval*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Taurotragus oryx species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Taurotragus : *Taurotragus oryx*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Lycaon pictus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Lycaon : *Lycaon pictus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Parahyaena brunnea species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Hyaenidae : Parahyaena : *Parahyaena brunnea*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Herpestes sanguineus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : Herpestes : *Herpestes sanguineus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Mellivora capensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Mellivora : *Mellivora capensis*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Cryptomys hottentotus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Bathyergidae : Cryptomys : *Cryptomys hottentotus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Tragelaphus scriptus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : *Tragelaphus scriptus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Tragelaphus strepsiceros species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : *Tragelaphus strepsiceros*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Aepyceros melampus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Aepyceros : *Aepyceros melampus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Oreotragus oreotragus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Oreotragus : *Oreotragus oreotragus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Redunca fulvorufula species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Redunca : *Redunca fulvorufula*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Hystrix africaeaustralis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae : Hystrix : *Hystrix africaeaustralis*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Herpestes pulverulentus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : Herpestes : *Herpestes pulverulentus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Damaliscus dorcas species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Damaliscus : *Damaliscus dorcas*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Equus quagga burchelli subspecies	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equus : *Equus quagga burchelli*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Steatomys pratensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Nesomyidae : Steatomys : *Steatomys pratensis*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Pagiophyllum genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Araucariaceae : *Pagiophyllum*	174.1 - 163.5 Ma Middle Jurassic
Equus capensis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equus : *Equus capensis*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Miniopterus schreibersi species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera : Vespertilionidae : Miniopterus : *Miniopterus schreibersi*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Thryonomys swinderianus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae : Thryonomys : *Thryonomys swinderianus*	0.0117 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Damaliscus lunatus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Damaliscus : *Damaliscus lunatus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary
Papio ursinus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Papio : *Papio ursinus*	2.588 - 0 Ma Quaternary

Fossil Localities

Click to show 5 fossil localities

Eswatini

Pleistocene🐚 Border cave
Lubombo Region
- Middle Jurassic🐚 Namahacha
Manzini Region
- Quaternary🐚 Mlawula
- Quaternary🐚 Onink

Other Databases

Wikipedia:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini
Wikidata ID:	Q1050
GeoNames ID:	934841

Localities in this Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

AfricaContinent

Barberton Greenstone BeltGreenstone Belt

African Plate

Kalahari Craton
- Kaapvaal CratonCraton
Karoo basinBasin
Mozambique basinBasin
Mozambique BeltOrogenic Belt

Somali PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Hunter, D.R. (1961) The Geology of Swaziland. Swaziland Geological Survey and Mines Department, 104 pages (reprinted in 1991).

Hunter, D.R. (1962) The mineral resources of Swaziland. Swaziland Geological Survey and Mines Department, Bulletin No. 2, 111 pages.

Hunter, D.R., James, D.H., Urie, J.G. (1963) Swaziland Geological Survey and Mines Department Bulletin No. 3, xx pp.

Hunter, D.R. (1966) Analyses of Rocks, Minerals, Ores and Water. Swaziland Geological Survey and Mines Department, Bulletin No.6, 50 pages.

Kroonenberg, S.B. (1978) Hand-out on rocks and geological history of Swaziland Geological Survey and Mines Department, Swaziland, xx pp.

Barton, C.M. (1982) Geology and mineral resources of northwest Swaziland (Barberton greenstone belt). Swaziland Geological Survey and Mines Department, Bulletin No.10, 97 pages.

www.gov.sz (n.d.) http://www.gov.sz/images/stories/mining/Swaziland%20Mineral%20Resources%20Summary.pdf

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References

Eswatinii
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