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Loparite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Loparite

N'orkpakhk Mt, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

Loparite

Sanidinite occurrence, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain

Loparite

Maly Mannepakhk Mt, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

Loparite

N'orkpakhk Mt, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

Loparite

Sanidinite occurrence, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain

Loparite

Maly Mannepakhk Mt, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

Loparite

N'orkpakhk Mt, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

Loparite

Sanidinite occurrence, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain

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About LopariteHide

Formula:

(Na,REE)₂Ti₂O₆

Colour:

Black to grayish black

Lustre:

Metallic, Sub-Metallic

Hardness:

5½

Specific Gravity:

4.60 - 4.89

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Perovskite Subgroup > Stoichiometric Perovskites Group > Perovskite Supergroup

Name:

From the Russian name for the Saami or Lapp people, Lopar', the indigenous people of the Kola peninsula. It was first reported from the Lovozero massif, Kola, Russia by W. Ramsay in 1890 as " new mineral no.1". The name was changed from loparite to loparite-(Ce) by the IMA in 1987, although Mitchell et al. (2000) argue that "given the disordered distribution of cations in the structure of this mineral, the use of Levinson modifiers to indicate the dominant REE species is clearly unwarranted."

Type Locality:

ⓘ Maly Mannepakhk Mt (Malyi Mannepakhk Mt), Murmansk Oblast, Russia

This page provides mineralogical data about Loparite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2432

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2432:3

Similar NamesHide

Liparite	A synonym of 'Rhyolite'
Liparite (of Casoria)	A synonym of Chrysocolla
Liparite (of Glocker)	A synonym of Fluorite
Loparita	A synonym of -unidentified-

IMA Classification of LopariteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA status notes:

Renamed by the IMA

IMA Formula:

(Na_0.5Ce³⁺_0.5)Ti⁴⁺O₃

Approval year:

1983

First published:

1925

Approval history:

Renamed as loparite-(Ce) by IMA in 1987, special procedure. Name changed back to loparite by IMA in 2024 by procedure 2024-4.1

Type description reference:

Kuznetsov, I.G. (1925) Loparite a new rare earth mineral from the Khibina Tundra. Izvestia Geologicheskogo Komiteta, 44, 663–682.

Classification of LopariteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

4.CC.35

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations

Dana 8th ed.:

4.3.3.3

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A₂X₃

Hey's CIM Ref.:

18.2.11

18 : Niobates and Tantalates
2 : Niobates and tantalates containing rare earths but not U

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Lop	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Lop	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of LopariteHide

Lustre:

Metallic, Sub-Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Black to grayish black

Streak:

Cinnamon-brown to brown

Hardness:

5½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=908 - 1402 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Imperfect/Fair
{100}

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Density:

4.60 - 4.89 g/cm³ (Measured) 4.85(10) g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of LopariteHide

Type:

Isotropic

RI values:

n = 2.26 - 2.38

Surface Relief:

Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)
400nm	18.8%
420nm	18.2%
440nm	17.8%
460nm	17.3%
480nm	17.0%
500nm	16.8%
520nm	16.6%
540nm	16.4%
560nm	16.3%
580nm	16.1%
600nm	16.1%
620nm	16.0%
640nm	15.9%
660nm	15.9%
680nm	15.9%
700nm	15.8%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 18.8%.

Colour in reflected light:

light gray or white with a creamy tinge

Internal Reflections:

brownish red

Comments:

dark brown in thin section, may be zoned;
anomalously anisotropic

Chemistry of LopariteHide

Mindat Formula:

(Na,REE)₂Ti₂O₆

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	40.384 %
Ti	40.274 %
Na	19.343 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Na, O, Ti - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of LopariteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral

Cell Parameters:

a = 3.87(2) Å

Unit Cell V:

57.96 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Twinning:

Commonly as penetration twins on {111}

Comment:

Pm3m

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0005641	Loparite	Mitchell R H, Burns P C, Chakhmouradian A R (2000) The crystal structures of loparite-(Ce) The Canadian Mineralogist 38 145-152	2000	Bearpaw Mountains, Montana, USA	293
0005640	Loparite	Mitchell R H, Burns P C, Chakhmouradian A R (2000) The crystal structures of loparite-(Ce) The Canadian Mineralogist 38 145-152	2000	Lovozero complex, Russia	293
0005639	Loparite	Mitchell R H, Burns P C, Chakhmouradian A R (2000) The crystal structures of loparite-(Ce) The Canadian Mineralogist 38 145-152	2000	Khibina complex, Russia	293
0017915	Loparite	Gaertner H (1930) Die Kristallstrukturen von Loparit und Pyrochlor _cod_database_code 1011000 Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie. Beilage 61 1-30	1930		293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Loparite-(Ce)'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Mitchell R H'
'Burns P C'
'Chakhmouradian A R'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 38 
_journal_year 2000
_journal_page_first 145
_journal_page_last 152
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal structures of loparite-(Ce)
 Sample: Loparite BM
;
_database_code_amcsd 0005641
_chemical_compound_source 'Bearpaw Mountains, Montana, USA'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Na.31 La.1 Ce.15 Nd.03 Ca.07 Sr.3 Th.01 Ti.94 Nb.05 O3'
_cell_length_a 5.5076
_cell_length_b 5.5076
_cell_length_c 7.7767
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 235.896
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.939
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'I 4/m c m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  '-y,-x,1/2+z'
  '1/2-y,1/2-x,+z'
  'y,x,1/2-z'
  '1/2+y,1/2+x,-z'
  'y,-x,-z'
  '1/2+y,1/2-x,1/2-z'
  '-y,x,z'
  '1/2-y,1/2+x,1/2+z'
  'x,-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,+z'
  '-x,y,1/2-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,-z'
  'x,y,-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  'y,x,1/2+z'
  '1/2+y,1/2+x,+z'
  '-y,-x,1/2-z'
  '1/2-y,1/2-x,-z'
  '-y,x,-z'
  '1/2-y,1/2+x,1/2-z'
  'y,-x,z'
  '1/2+y,1/2-x,1/2+z'
  '-x,y,1/2+z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,+z'
  'x,-y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Na   0.00000   0.50000   0.25000   0.31000   0.01360
La   0.00000   0.50000   0.25000   0.10000   0.01360
Ce   0.00000   0.50000   0.25000   0.15000   0.01360
Nd   0.00000   0.50000   0.25000   0.03000   0.01360
Ca   0.00000   0.50000   0.25000   0.07000   0.01360
Sr   0.00000   0.50000   0.25000   0.30000   0.01360
Th   0.00000   0.50000   0.25000   0.01000   0.01360
Ti   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.94000   0.00730
Nb   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.05000   0.00730
O1   0.00000   0.00000   0.25000   1.00000   0.04040
O2   0.26840   0.76840   0.00000   1.00000   0.02730
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Na 0.01460 0.01460 0.01140 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
La 0.01460 0.01460 0.01140 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Ce 0.01460 0.01460 0.01140 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Nd 0.01460 0.01460 0.01140 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Ca 0.01460 0.01460 0.01140 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Sr 0.01460 0.01460 0.01140 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Th 0.01460 0.01460 0.01140 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Ti 0.00750 0.00750 0.00670 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Nb 0.00750 0.00750 0.00670 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
O1 0.05540 0.05540 0.01060 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
O2 0.01690 0.01690 0.04800 0.00190 0.00000 0.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.749 Å	(100)
1.583 Å	(100)
1.226 Å	(100)
1.936 Å	(90)
1.373 Å	(90)
1.120 Å	(40)
2.244 Å	(20)

Comments:

Kola Peninsula, Russia.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks

Type Occurrence of LopariteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Maly Mannepakhk Mt (Malyi Mannepakhk Mt), Murmansk Oblast, Russia

General Appearance of Type Material:

As cubic or octahedral crystals, to 2 cm, which may be highly modified; overgrowing perovskite and massive

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 21043–21045.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Aegirine	'Apatite'	Arfvedsonite	'Eucolite'	Eudialyte
Ilmenite	Lamprophyllite	Microcline	Nepheline	Perovskite
Titanite

Reference:

Kuznetsov, I.G. (1925) Loparite a new rare earth mineral from the Khibina Tundra. Izvestia Geologicheskogo Komiteta, 44, 663–682.

Synonyms of LopariteHide

Loparite-(Ce)

Other Language Names for LopariteHide

Dutch:Lopariet

German:Loparit
Loparit-(Ce)

Russian:Лопарит-(Ce)

Varieties of LopariteHide

Nioboloparite

A variety of loparite containing niobium.

Relationship of Loparite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Perovskite Subgroup > Stoichiometric Perovskites Group > Perovskite Supergroup

Other Members of Perovskite Subgroup:

Barioperovskite	BaTiO₃	Orth. mm2 : Amm2
Goldschmidtite	KNbO₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pm3m
Isolueshite	(Na,La)NbO₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pm3m
Lakargiite	Ca(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
Lueshite	NaNbO₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
Macedonite	PbTiO₃	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
Megawite	CaSnO₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pban
Perovskite	CaTiO₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
Tausonite	SrTiO₃	Iso. 43m

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

13 photos of Loparite associated with Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
6 photos of Loparite associated with Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
6 photos of Loparite associated with Eudialyte	Na₁₅Ca₆Fe₃Zr₃Si(Si₂₅O₇₃)(O,OH,H₂O)₃(Cl,OH)₂
4 photos of Loparite associated with Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
2 photos of Loparite associated with Kyanoxalite	Na₇(Al_6-xSi_6+xO₂₄)(C₂O₄)_0.5+x · 5H₂O (0 < x < 0.5)
1 photo of Loparite associated with Kentbrooksite	(Na,REE)₁₅(Ca,REE)₆(Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺)₃Zr₃Nb[Si₂₅O₇₄]F₂ · 2H₂O
1 photo of Loparite associated with Lorenzenite	Na₂Ti₂(Si₂O₆)O₃
1 photo of Loparite associated with Perovskite	CaTiO₃
1 photo of Loparite associated with Anzaite-(Ce)	Ce³⁺₄Fe²⁺Ti₆O₁₈ (OH)₂
1 photo of Loparite associated with Paralomonosovite	Na₆◻₄Ti₄(Si₂O₇)₂[PO₃OH][PO₂(OH)₂]O₂(OF)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.CC.	Xuite	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂[(AlO₃(OH)]₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
4.CC.	Yttriaite-(Y)	Y₂O₃	Iso. m3(2/m3)
4.CC.	Allendeite	Sc₄Zr₃O₁₂	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.	Chlorkyuygenite	Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₂[(H₂O)₄Cl₂]	Iso. 43m : I43d
4.CC.	Oboniobite	Mg₄Nb₂O₉	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3c1
4.CC.	Botuobinskite	SrFe²⁺Mg₂(Cr³⁺₆Ti⁴⁺₁₂)[O₃₆(OH)₂]	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.	Mirnyite	SrZr⁴⁺Mg₂(Cr³⁺₆Ti⁴⁺₁₂)O₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.	Haitaite-(La)	LaU⁴⁺Fe³⁺₂(Ti₁₃Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)O₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.	Shagamite	KFe₁₁O₁₇	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.	Bitikleite	Ca₃(Sb⁵⁺Sn⁴⁺)[AlO₄]₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.	Anzaite-(Ce)	Ce³⁺₄Fe²⁺Ti₆O₁₈ (OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.	Heamanite-(Ce)	(K_0.5Ce_0.5)TiO₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
4.CC.	Priscillagrewite-(Y)	(Ca₂Y)Zr₂(AlO₄)₃	Iso.
4.CC.	Strandite	Pb₃Mn³⁺₄Mn⁴⁺₃O₁₅	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mcm
4.CC.	Saranovskite	SrCaFe²⁺₂(Cr₄Ti₂)Ti₁₂O₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.05	Chrombismite	Bi³⁺₁₆Cr⁶⁺O₂₇	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
4.CC.10	Freudenbergite	Na₂(Ti,Fe)₈O₁₆	Mon.
4.CC.10	Fluormayenite	Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₂F₂	Iso. 43m : I43d
4.CC.10	Fluorkyuygenite	Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₂[(H₂O)₄F₂]	Iso. 43m : I43d
4.CC.15	Grossite	CaAl₄O₇	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CC.17	Goldschmidtite	KNbO₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pm3m
4.CC.20	'Unnamed (HBU UK-4)'	NaFe²⁺Zn₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Nb)₆Ti₁₂O₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20	Chlormayenite	Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₂[◻₄Cl₂]	Iso. 43m : I43d
4.CC.20	Paseroite	PbMn²⁺(Mn²⁺,Fe³⁺)₂(V⁵⁺,Ti,◻)₁₈O₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20	Mianningite	(◻,Pb,Ce,Na)(U⁴⁺,Mn,U⁶⁺)Fe³⁺₂ (Ti,Fe³⁺)₁₈O₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20	'UM1987-03-O:FePbTiU'	~(U,Pb)(Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mn)₂₁O₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.22	Gorerite	CaAlFe³⁺₁₁O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.22	Kahlenbergite	KAl₁₁O₁₇	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.25	Hopmannite	Ba₂(Ti₅Fe)O₁₃	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.25	Nixonite	Na₂Ti₆O₁₃	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.25	Yafsoanite	Ca₃Te⁶⁺₂(ZnO₄)₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.30	Latrappite	Ca₂NbFe³⁺O₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30	Natroniobite	NaNbO₃	Mon.
4.CC.30	Perovskite	CaTiO₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30	Lueshite	NaNbO₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
4.CC.30	Bariolakargiite	BaZrO₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pm3m
4.CC.30	Barioperovskite	BaTiO₃	Orth. mm2 : Amm2
4.CC.30	Megawite	CaSnO₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pban
4.CC.30	Lakargiite	Ca(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.32	Usturite	Ca₃(Sb⁵⁺Zr)[Fe³⁺O₄]₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32	Elbrusite	Ca₃(U⁶⁺_0.5Zr_1.5)[Fe³⁺O₄]₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32	Monteneveite	Ca₃Sb⁵⁺₂(Fe³⁺₂Fe²⁺)O₁₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32	Dzhuluite	Ca₃(Sb⁵⁺Sn⁴⁺)[Fe³⁺O₄]₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.35	Tausonite	SrTiO₃	Iso. 43m
4.CC.35	Panguite	(Ti,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr,Ca)_1.8O₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
4.CC.35	Isolueshite	(Na,La)NbO₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pm3m
4.CC.35	Macedonite	PbTiO₃	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
4.CC.37	Pauloabibite	NaNbO₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	Landauite	NaMnZn₂(Ti,Fe)₆Ti₁₂O₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	Mathiasite	(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)₂(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)₅O₁₂	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	Senaite	Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)₂(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)₁₈(O,OH)₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	Gramaccioliite-(Y)	(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe³⁺₂(Ti,Fe³⁺)₁₈O₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	Lindsleyite	(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)₂(Ti,Cr,Fe)₁₈O₃₈	Trig.
4.CC.40	Crichtonite	Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe₂(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)₁₈(O,OH)₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	Loveringite	(Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)₂(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)₁₈O₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	Cleusonite	(Pb,Sr)(U⁴⁺,U⁶⁺)(Fe²⁺,Zn)₂(Ti,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)₁₈(O,OH)₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	Davidite-(Ce)	Ce(Y,U)Fe₂(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)₁₈(O,OH,F)₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	Davidite-(La)	La(Y,U)Fe₂(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)₁₈(O,OH,F)₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40	'Davidite-(Y)'	(La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe²⁺,◻)(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Nb,Zr)₁₈O₃₈ (hypothetical)	Trig.
4.CC.40	'Uhligite'	Ca₃(Ti,Al,Zr)₉O₂₀ ?	Iso.
4.CC.40	Dessauite-(Y)	(Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe³⁺)₂₀O₃₈	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.45	Diaoyudaoite	NaAl₁₁O₁₇	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Yimengite	K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)₁₂O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Nežilovite	PbZn₂Mn⁴⁺₂Fe³⁺₈O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Hawthorneite	BaMgTi₃Cr₄Fe²⁺₂Fe³⁺₂O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Mizraite-(Ce)	Ce(Al₁₁Mg)O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Haggertyite	BaFe²⁺₄Fe³⁺₂Ti₅MgO₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Lindqvistite	Pb₂Mn²⁺Fe₁₆O₂₇	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Hibonite	CaAl₁₂O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Kangite	(Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,◻)₂O₃	Iso. m3(2/m3)
4.CC.45	Chihuahuaite	FeAl₁₂O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Barioferrite	BaFe³⁺₁₂O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Plumboferrite	Pb[Fe³⁺_10.67Mn²⁺_0.33Pb]O_18.33	Trig. 32 : P312
4.CC.45	Batiferrite	BaTi₂Fe³⁺₈Fe²⁺₂O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.45	Magnetoplumbite	PbFe³⁺₁₂O₁₉	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CC.50	Jeppeite	K₂Ti₆O₁₃	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.55	Zenzénite	Pb₃Fe³⁺₄Mn⁴⁺₃O₁₅	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mcm
4.CC.60	'Mengxianminite (of Huang et al.)'	(Ca,Na)₃(Fe,Mn)₂Mg₂(Sn,Zn)₅Al₈O₂₉

Other InformationHide

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References for LopariteHide

Reference List:

Ramsay, W. (1890) Geologische Beobachtungen auf der Halbinsel Kola. Nebst einem Anhänge: Petrographische Beschreibung der Gesteine des Lujaur urt [Geological observations on the Kola Peninsula. With an appendix: Petrographic description of the rocks of the Lujaur urt]. Fennia Vol. 3 (7). Geographical Society of Finland p.1-52.As "new mineral No.1"

Fersmann, A.E. (1922) Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences de Russie: 59.

Fersman, A.E. (1923) The Chibina Massiv of Kola Island. Transactions of the Northern Scientific and Economic Expedition: 16: 16–73.

Kuznetsov, I.G. (1925) Loparite a new rare earth mineral from the Khibina Tundra. Izvestia Geologicheskogo Komiteta, 44, 663–682 [in Russian].

Kuznetsov, I.G. (1925) Loparite a new rare earth mineral from the Khibina Tundra. Izvestia Geologicheskogo Komiteta, 44, 663–682.

Fersman, A. E. (1926) Minerals of the Kola Peninsula. American Mineralogist: 11: 289-299.

Foshag, W.F.; Schairer, J.F. (1927) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 12 (3). 95-98 p.97

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Sitnin, A., Leonova, T.N. (1961) Loparite — new mineral. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 140: 1407-1410.

Tolok, A. A., Bazhenova, F. V. (1965) Loparite — a new accessory mineral in nepheline syenites of the Sikhote-Alin´. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 94(2): 217-219.

Vlasov, K.A. (1966) Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rare Elements and Genetic Types of their Deposits. II. Mineralogy of Rare Elements. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, Israel.

Haggerty, Stephen E.; Mariano, Anthony N. (1983) Strontian-loparite and strontio-chevkinite: Two new minerals in rheomorphic fenites from the Paraná Basin carbonatites, South America. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 84 (4). p.365-381. doi:10.1007/bf01160288

Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042

Mitchell, R.H., Chakhmouradian, A.R. (1996) Compositional variation of loparite from the Lovozero alkaline complex, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist: 34: 977-990.

Mitchell, R.H., Chakhmouradian, A.R., Yakovenchuk, V.N. (1996): "Nioboloparite": a re-investigation and discreditation. Canadian Mineralogist 34, 991-999.

Chakhmouradian, A. R., Mitchell, R. H. (1998) Compositional variation of perovskite-group minerals from the Khibina complex, Kola peninsula, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 36 (4) 953-969

Mitchell, Roger H., Chakhmouradian, Anton R. (1998) Th-rich loparite from the Khibina alkaline complex, Kola Peninsula: isomorphism and paragenesis. Mineralogical Magazine, 62 (3) 341-353 doi:10.1180/002646198547738

Chakhmouradian, A. R., Mitchell, R. H., Pankov, A. V., Chukanov, N. V. (1999) Loparite and ‘metaloparite’ from the Burpala alkaline complex, Baikal Alkaline Province (Russia) Mineralogical Magazine, 63 (4) 519-534 doi:10.1180/002646199548691

Mitchell, R. H., Burns, P. C., Chakhmouradian, A. R. (2000) The crystal structures of loparite-(Ce) The Canadian Mineralogist, 38 (1) 145-152 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.38.1.145

(2005) Loparite-(Ce). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Chakhmouradian, Anton R., Halden, Norman M., Mitchell, Roger H., Horváth, László (2007) Rb-Cs-rich rasvumite and sector-zoned "loparite-(Ce)" from Mont Saint-Hilaire (Quebec, Canada) and their petrologic significance. European Journal of Mineralogy, 19 (4) 533-546 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2007/0019-1739

Popova, E. A., Zalessky, V. G., Yakovenchuk, V. N., Krivovichev, S. V., Lushnikov, S. G. (2014) Loparite-(Ce), a natural ferroelectric with the perovskite-type structure. Applied Physics Letters, 105 (8). 82905pp. doi:10.1063/1.4894171

Popova, E. A., Yakovenchuk, V. N., Lushnikov, S. G., Krivovichev, S. V. (2015) Structural phase transitions in loparite-(Ce): evidences from Raman light scattering. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 46 (1). 161-166 doi:10.1002/jrs.4587

Feng, Dawei, Shivaramaiah, Radha, Navrotsky, Alexandra (2016) Rare-earth perovskites along the CaTiO3-Na0.5La0.5TiO3 join: Phase transitions, formation enthalpies, and implications for loparite minerals. American Mineralogist, 101 (9) 2051-2056 doi:10.2138/am-2016-5740

Popova, Elena A., Lushnikov, Sergey G., Yakovenchuk, Victor N., Krivovichev, Sergey V. (2017) The crystal structure of loparite: a new acentric variety. Mineralogy and Petrology, 111 (6) 827-832 doi:10.1007/s00710-017-0498-y

Mitchell, Roger H., Welch, Mark D., Chakhmouradian, Anton R. (2017) Nomenclature of the perovskite supergroup: A hierarchical system of classification based on crystal structure and composition. Mineralogical Magazine, 81 (3) 411-461 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.156

Kogarko, L. N. (2022) Peculiarities of the Formation of Loparite Ores: The Lovozero Rare Metal Deposit, East Fennoscandia. Doklady Earth Sciences, 505 (2) 524-526 doi:10.1134/s1028334x22080098

Mikhailova, Julia A., Pakhomovsky, Yakov A., Selivanova, Ekaterina A., Kompanchenko, Alena A. (2023) Polymineralic Inclusions in Loparite-(Ce) from the Lovozero Alkaline Massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia): Hydrothermal Association in Miniature. Minerals, 13 (6) 715 doi:10.3390/min13060715

Bosi, F.; Hatert, F.; Pasero, M.; Mills, S. J. (2024) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) – Newsletter 80. European Journal of Mineralogy, 36 (4). 599-604 doi:10.5194/ejm-36-599-2024

Daneu, Nina; Padrón-Navarta, José Alberto; Šala, Martin; Mervič, Kristina; Habler, Gerlinde; Dražič, Goran; Borštnar, Petruša; Rečnik, Aleksander; Abart, Rainer (2026) Deciphering crystal growth in a sector-zoned interpenetration twin of loparite from Mt Khibiny (Kola Peninsula, Russia) through atomic-scale characterisation of growth sectors and twin boundaries. European Journal of Mineralogy, 38 (1). 53-73 doi:10.5194/ejm-38-53-2026

Localities for LopariteHide

Showing 110 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Angola
Huambo Province Londuimbali ⓘ Monte Verde	Gonçalves +1 other reference

Brazil
Goiás Catalão ⓘ Catalão II carbonatite complex	Guarino (2010)
Minas Gerais ⓘ Poços de Caldas alkaline complex	Guarino et al. (2021) +1 other reference
ⓘ Serra do Salitre carbonatite	Haggerty et al. (1983)

Canada
Newfoundland and Labrador Labrador Seal Lake alkaline complex (Letitia Lake) ⓘ Mann 1 (Letitia Lake)	GSC locality database +1 other reference
Ontario Thunder Bay District Killala Lake Area ⓘ Prairie Lake carbonatite	Liferovich et al. (2006)
Québec Montérégie La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM Mont Saint-Hilaire ⓘ Poudrette quarry (De-Mix quarry; Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire; MSH)	Chakhmouradian et al. (2007)
Nord-du-Québec Jamésie ⓘ Montviel carbonatite complex	Nadeau et al. (2016)

Cape Verde

Barlavento Islands ⓘ Boa Vista Island	Figueiredo et al. (1989) +9 other references

China
Hubei Shiyan Zhuxi Co. ⓘ Tianbao Nb(-REE) deposit	Yan et al. (2022)
Inner Mongolia Baotou City Bayan Obo mining district Bayan Obo deposit ⓘ West Mine	Zhang Peishan et al. (1996)
Liaoning Dandong Kuandian County ⓘ Saima U-REE deposit	- (1978) +2 other references
ⓘ Saima complex	Ma et al. (2023)
Qinghai Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Dulan County ⓘ Dagelegouxi carbonatite-hosted REE-Nb deposit	Bao et al. (2026)

Czech Republic
Moravian-Silesian Region Frýdek-Místek District Brušperk ⓘ Borošín Teschenite Occurrences	Matýsek et al. (2025)
Bruzovice ⓘ Teschenite Outcrop	Matýsek et al. (2025)

Egypt
Red Sea Governorate ⓘ Pegmatite province	Saleh (2007)

Greenland
Sermersooq Kangerlussuaq Fjord ⓘ Citadellet	Distribution and mineralogy of rare earth element–Zr–Nb–Ta mineralisation within pegmatite sheets at Citadellet et al. (Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. B)
ⓘ Gardiner Complex	Petersen et al. (1985) +1 other reference

Norway
Telemark Nome Søve Mines ⓘ Slag dumps	Dahlgren (2005)
Porsgrunn Bjørkedalen ⓘ Buer	Segalstad et al. (1978)
Vestfold Larvik Commune Hedrum Lågendalen ⓘ Bratthagen 1	Sæbø (1965) +2 other references
ⓘ Bratthagen 2	Berge (n.d.)
Lysebo ⓘ Liurdvannet II	Berge (n.d.)
ⓘ Liurdvannet III	Berge (n.d.)
ⓘ Lysebo roadcut	Larsen et al. (2010)
Kvelde ⓘ Anundsjøen	Berge (n.d.)

Paraguay
Amambay Department ⓘ Cerro Chiriguelo (Cerro Corá)	Haggerty et al. (1983)
ⓘ Cerro Sarambí	Haggerty et al. (1983)

Romania
Harghita County ⓘ Ditrău Complex	Hirtopanu (2006)
ⓘ Jolotca (Orotva)	Szakáll et al. (2010)
Joseni ⓘ Belcina Creek (Belcina)	Hirtopanu et al. (2013)
Hunedoara County ⓘ Gradistea de Munte deposit	HÎRTOPANU et al. (2014)

Russia
Buryatia Mama River Basin Maigunda River ⓘ Burpala alkaline massif	Pekov (1998) +3 other references
ⓘ Upper Trekhozernyi Stream	Merlino S. et al. (1990) +1 other reference
Krasnoyarsk Krai Enisei Range (Yenisei Ridge; Enisei Ridge) ⓘ Kiisk alkaline massif (Kiyskoe)	Seltmann et al. (2010)
Maimecha and Kotui Rivers Basin Odikhincha massif ⓘ Peralkaline nepheline-syenite pegmatite	Zaitsev et al. (2022)
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Afrikanda complex	Chakhmouradian et al. (1999)
ⓘ Eudialyte Pass	[var: Nioboloparite] Mitchell et al. (1996) +1 other reference
ⓘ Eveslogchorr Mt	Konopleva et al. (2008)
Astrophyllite Stream ⓘ Pegmatite	Arzamastsev et al. (2008)
ⓘ Kaskasnyunchorr Mountain	Barkov et al. (2006)
ⓘ Khibinpakhkchorr Mountain	Azarova et al. (2009)
ⓘ Khibiny Massif	[var: Nioboloparite] ...
Kihlman Mountain ⓘ Khibiny Station	[var: Nioboloparite] Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Koashva Mt	PEKOV et al. (2013)
ⓘ Koashva Open Pit	Yakovenchuk et al. (2003)
Kovdorsky District ⓘ Kovdor Massif
ⓘ Kukisvumchorr Mt	Pekov (1998)
Marchenko Peak ⓘ IGC Stop 5-4	Arzamastsev et al. (2008)
ⓘ Lovozero Massif	[var: Nioboloparite] ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Mt. Kuetnyuchorr	Mokrushina et al. (2023)
Lovozersky District ⓘ Alluaiv Mountain	Pekov (2003) +1 other reference
ⓘ Umbozero mine	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ Umbozero North quarry	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Angvundasiok River	Pekov (1998)
Engporr Mountain ⓘ Seidozeritovyi pegmatite #2	Mikhail Uchitel' data
ⓘ Karnasurt Mountain	[World of Stones 95:5-6 +1 other reference
ⓘ Karnasurt mine	Rastsvetaeva +3 other references
ⓘ Yubileinaya pegmatite	Kotrly et al. (1996)
ⓘ Kedykverpakhk Mountain	[World of Stones 95:5-6 +1 other reference
ⓘ Parguaiv Mountain	Mikhailova et al. (2025)
Seidozero Lake ⓘ Lepkhe-Nel'm Mt	Semenov E.I. (1972)
ⓘ Pegmatite No. 47	Semenov E.I. (1972)
ⓘ Selsurt Mountain
ⓘ Sengischorr Mountain	Selivanova et al. (2024)
Suoluai River Valley ⓘ Kuamdespakhk Mt	Selivanova et al. (2024) +1 other reference
Suoluaiv Mountain ⓘ Unnamed pegmatite no. 1	Mikhail Uchitel' data
Vavnbed Mountain ⓘ Pegmatite №24	Pekov (1998)
ⓘ Maly Mannepakhk Mt (Malyi Mannepakhk Mt) (TL)	Ruslan Liferovich's Collection +3 other references
ⓘ N'orkpakhk Mt	Mitchell et al. (1998) +1 other reference
ⓘ Eudialyte point	Arzamastsev et al. (2008)
ⓘ Partomchorr Mountain	Maggie Wilson
ⓘ Rasvumchorr Mt	Konopleva et al. (2008)
ⓘ Takhtarvumchorr Mt	Mikhailova et al. (2007)
ⓘ IGC Stop 6-3	Arzamastsev et al. (2008)
ⓘ Yukspor Mountain	Pavel's photo
ⓘ Sakha	[World of Stones 12:49]
ⓘ Arbarastakh complex	Doroshkevich et al. (2022)
Zabaykalsky Krai Baleysky District ⓘ Etyka	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)

Slovakia
Košice Region Spišská Nová Ves District Hnilec ⓘ Medvedí potok Sn deposit	Koděra et al. (1986)

South Africa
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality Moses Kotane Local Municipality ⓘ Pilanesberg Alkaline Ring Complex	[var: Nioboloparite] Mitchell et al. (2004)

Spain
Canary Islands Las Palmas Province ⓘ Fuerteventura	Dill et al. (2023)
Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province ⓘ Tenerife	Borley et al. (1971) +9 other references
ⓘ Alcala	Dill et al. (2023)
Arico ⓘ ~~Tajao~~	Dill et al. (2023)
Arona ⓘ ~~Centinela~~	Dill et al. (2023)
Candelaria Barranco Hondo ⓘ ~~Lava flow~~	Dill et al. (2023)
Granadilla de Abona ⓘ ~~La Mareta~~	Dill et al. (2023)
ⓘ ~~Los Blanquitos~~	Dill et al. (2023)
ⓘ ~~Los Humilladeros~~	Dill et al. (2023)
ⓘ ~~Mount Reventada~~	Dill et al. (2023)
ⓘ ~~Playa de Enramada~~	Dill et al. (2023)
ⓘ ~~Playa de Paraiaso~~	Dill et al. (2023)
ⓘ ~~Playa de San Juan~~	Dill et al. (2023)
ⓘ ~~Poris de Abona~~	Dill et al. (2023)
ⓘ Sanidinite occurrence	Ferguson (1978)
Santa Cruz de Tenerife ⓘ ~~Santa Cruz~~	Dill et al. (2023)
Santiago del Teide ⓘ ~~Puerto de Santiago~~	Dill et al. (2023)

USA
Arkansas Hot Spring County ⓘ Magnet Cove	Rocks and Minerals (1999)
Maine Aroostook County T15 R6 WELS Pennington Mountain ⓘ REE-Nb-Zr occurrence	Wang et al. (2023) +2 other references
Montana Hill County Bearpaw Mountains ⓘ Pegmatite Peak	Mitchell et al. (2000)
Meagher County ⓘ Gordon Butte	Mitchell (2000) +1 other reference

Zimbabwe
Matabeleland South Beitbridge District ⓘ River Ranch Mine	Kopylova et al. (1997) +2 other references

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Loparite

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