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Loveringite

A valid IMA mineral species
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03498590017271924679161.jpg
Loveringite, etc.

Biggejavri, Kautokeino, Troms og Finnmark, Norway
03937830017271924709270.jpg
Loveringite

Lohning quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria
03498590017271924679161.jpg
Loveringite, etc.

Biggejavri, Kautokeino, Troms og Finnmark, Norway
03937830017271924709270.jpg
Loveringite

Lohning quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria
03498590017271924679161.jpg
Loveringite, etc.

Biggejavri, Kautokeino, Troms og Finnmark, Norway
03937830017271924709270.jpg
Loveringite

Lohning quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About LoveringiteHide

04780410017271924758858.jpg
John F. Lovering
Formula:
(Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
4.42 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named in 1978 by Bryan M. Gatehouse, Ian E. Grey, Ian H. Campbell, and Patrick Kelly in honor of John Francis Lovering (27 March 1930 – ), Australian geochemist and professor at the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, for his work on fission-track methods in geochemistry.
A member of the Crichtonite Group.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2444
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2444:6

IMA Classification of LoveringiteHide

IMA status:
Approved
IMA Formula:
(Ca,Ce3+,La)(Zr4+,Fe3+)(Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti4+,Fe3+,Cr3+,Al)18O38
Approval year:
1977
First published:
1978
Type description reference:
Gatehouse, Bryan M., Grey, Ian E., Campbell, Ian H., Kelly, Patrick (1978) The crystal structure of loveringite - a new member of the crichtonite group. American Mineralogist, 63 (1-2). 28-36

Classification of LoveringiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
4.CC.40

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
Dana 8th ed.:
8.5.1.2

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
5 : AB21O38
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.9.25

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
LvgIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of LoveringiteHide

Lustre:
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Iron-grey
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=421 - 464 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Hardness Data:
Measured
Density:
4.42 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Chemistry of LoveringiteHide

Mindat Formula:
(Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38

Element Weights:
Element% weight
Ti52.235 %
O36.858 %
Zr5.530 %
Mg2.947 %
Ca2.430 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Elements listed:
Al, Ca, Ce, Cr, Fe, La, Mg, O, Ti, Zr - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of LoveringiteHide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.337(6) Å, c = 20.677(12) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2
Unit Cell V:
1,913.41 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Morphology:
Anhedral to acicular crystals.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0005543LoveringitePeterson R C (1998) The stability and crystal chemistry of synthetic loveringite in the system Ca-Mn-Ti-O under strongly reducing conditions The Canadian Mineralogist 36 763-77419980293
0005542LoveringitePeterson R C (1998) The stability and crystal chemistry of synthetic loveringite in the system Ca-Mn-Ti-O under strongly reducing conditions The Canadian Mineralogist 36 763-77419980293
0000609LoveringiteGatehouse B M, Grey I E, Campbell I H, Kelly P R (1978) The crystal structure of loveringite - a new member of the crichtonite group American Mineralogist 63 28-3619780293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust>4.50
8 : Mafic igneous rocks

Type Occurrence of LoveringiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Jimberlana Intrusion, Norseman, Dundas Shire, Western Australia, Australia
General Appearance of Type Material:
Isolated crystals which are usually anhedral but occasionally it forms needles. The grain size rarely exceeds 100 x 50 µm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
'Apatite'BaddeleyiteChromiteIlmeniteK Feldspar
PhlogopiteQuartzRutileTitaniteZircon
Reference:
Gatehouse, Bryan M., Grey, Ian E., Campbell, Ian H., Kelly, Patrick (1978) The crystal structure of loveringite - a new member of the crichtonite group. American Mineralogist, 63 (1-2). 28-36

Synonyms of LoveringiteHide

Other Language Names for LoveringiteHide

German:Loveringit
Simplified Chinese:钛铈钙矿
Spanish:Loveringita

Relationship of Loveringite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Crichtonite Group
Other Members of Crichtonite Group:
AlmeidaitePbZn2(Mn,Y)(Ti,Fe3+)18O37(OH,O)Trig. 3 : R3
BotuobinskiteSrFe2+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)[O36(OH)2]Trig. 3 : R3
Cleusonite(Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
Davidite-(Ce)Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38Trig. 3 : R3
Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38Trig. 3 : R3
'Davidite-(Y)'(La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical)Trig.
Dessauite-(Y)(Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38Trig. 3 : R3
Gramaccioliite-(Y)(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
Haitaite-(La)LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38Trig. 3 : R3
LandauiteNaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38Trig.
Mapiquiroite(Sr,Pb)(U,Y)Fe2(Ti,Fe3+,Cr3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12Trig. 3 : R3
Mianningite(◻,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2 (Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
MirnyiteSrZr4+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)O38Trig. 3 : R3
PaseroitePbMn2+(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(V5+,Ti,◻)18O38 Trig. 3 : R3
SaranovskiteSrCaFe2+2(Cr4Ti2)Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
SenaitePb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
'UM1987-03-O:FePbTiU'~(U,Pb)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mn)21O38Trig. 3 : R3
'UM2003-08-O:AlCaFeREEScTiV'(Ca,Ce)Sc(Ti,V,Fe,Al)20O38
'UM2006-05-O:CaFeKMnNaREESrTiZr'(Sr,Na,K,REE)(Ca,Zr,Mn)(Ti,Fe)18Fe2O38
'UM2006-06-O:CaFeKMnNaREESrTiZr'(Sr,Na,K,REE)(Zr,Ca,Mn)(Ti,Fe)18Fe2O38
'UM2006-07-O:CaFeKMnNaREESrTiZr'(Na,Sr,K,REE)(Ca,Zr,Mn)(Ti,Fe)18Fe2O38
'UM2006-08-O:CaFeKMnNaREESrTiZr'(Na,Sr,K,REE)(Zr,Ca,Mn)(Ti,Fe)18Fe2O38
'UM2006-09-O:CaFeMnREESrTiZr'(Ce,Sr,REE)(Ca,Mn,Zr)Fe2(Ti,Fe)18O38
'Unnamed (HBU UK-4)'NaFe2+Zn2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
1 photo of Loveringite associated with Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.CC.XuiteCa3Fe3+2[(AlO3(OH)]3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
4.CC.Yttriaite-(Y)Y2O3Iso. m3(2/m3)
4.CC.AllendeiteSc4Zr3O12Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.ChlorkyuygeniteCa12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2]Iso. 43m : I43d
4.CC.OboniobiteMg4Nb2O9Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3c1
4.CC.BotuobinskiteSrFe2+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)[O36(OH)2]Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.MirnyiteSrZr4+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.Haitaite-(La)LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.ShagamiteKFe11O17Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.BitikleiteCa3(Sb5+Sn4+)[AlO4]3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.Anzaite-(Ce)Ce3+ 4Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.Heamanite-(Ce)(K0.5Ce0.5)TiO3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
4.CC.Priscillagrewite-(Y)(Ca2Y)Zr2(AlO4)3Iso.
4.CC.StranditePb3Mn3+4Mn4+3O15Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mcm
4.CC.SaranovskiteSrCaFe2+2(Cr4Ti2)Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.05ChrombismiteBi3+16Cr6+O27Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
4.CC.10FreudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16Mon.
4.CC.10FluormayeniteCa12Al14O32F2Iso. 43m : I43d
4.CC.10FluorkyuygeniteCa12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2]Iso. 43m : I43d
4.CC.15GrossiteCaAl4O7Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CC.17GoldschmidtiteKNbO3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pm3m
4.CC.20'Unnamed (HBU UK-4)'NaFe2+Zn2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20ChlormayeniteCa12Al14O32[◻4Cl2]Iso. 43m : I43d
4.CC.20PaseroitePbMn2+(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(V5+,Ti,◻)18O38 Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20Mianningite(◻,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2 (Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20'UM1987-03-O:FePbTiU'~(U,Pb)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mn)21O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.22GoreriteCaAlFe3+11O19Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.22KahlenbergiteKAl11O17Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.25HopmanniteBa2(Ti5Fe)O13Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.25NixoniteNa2Ti6O13Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.25YafsoaniteCa3Te6+2(ZnO4)3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.30LatrappiteCa2NbFe3+O6Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30NatroniobiteNaNbO3Mon.
4.CC.30PerovskiteCaTiO3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30LueshiteNaNbO3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
4.CC.30BariolakargiiteBaZrO3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pm3m
4.CC.30BarioperovskiteBaTiO3Orth. mm2 : Amm2
4.CC.30MegawiteCaSnO3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pban
4.CC.30LakargiiteCa(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.32UsturiteCa3(Sb5+Zr)[Fe3+O4]3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32ElbrusiteCa3(U6+0.5Zr1.5)[Fe3+O4]3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32MonteneveiteCa3Sb5+2(Fe3+2Fe2+)O12Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32DzhuluiteCa3(Sb5+Sn4+)[Fe3+O4]3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.35TausoniteSrTiO3Iso. 43m
4.CC.35Loparite(Na,REE)2Ti2O6Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
4.CC.35Panguite(Ti,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr,Ca)1.8O3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
4.CC.35Isolueshite(Na,La)NbO3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pm3m
4.CC.35MacedonitePbTiO3Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
4.CC.37PauloabibiteNaNbO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40LandauiteNaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40SenaitePb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Gramaccioliite-(Y)(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38Trig.
4.CC.40CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Cleusonite(Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Davidite-(Ce)Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40'Davidite-(Y)'(La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical)Trig.
4.CC.40'Uhligite'Ca3(Ti,Al,Zr)9O20 ?Iso.
4.CC.40Dessauite-(Y)(Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.45DiaoyudaoiteNaAl11O17Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45YimengiteK(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45NežilovitePbZn2Mn4+2Fe3+8O19Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45HawthorneiteBaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45Mizraite-(Ce)Ce(Al11Mg)O19Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45HaggertyiteBaFe2+4Fe3+2Ti5MgO19Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45LindqvistitePb2Mn2+Fe16O27Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45HiboniteCaAl12O19Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45Kangite(Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,◻)2O3 Iso. m3(2/m3)
4.CC.45ChihuahuaiteFeAl12O19Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45BarioferriteBaFe3+12O19Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45PlumboferritePb[Fe3+10.67Mn2+0.33Pb]O18.33Trig. 32 : P312
4.CC.45BatiferriteBaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45MagnetoplumbitePbFe3+12O19Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.50JeppeiteK2Ti6O13Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.55ZenzénitePb3Fe3+4Mn4+3O15Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mcm
4.CC.60'Mengxianminite (of Huang et al.)'(Ca,Na)3(Fe,Mn)2Mg2(Sn,Zn)5Al8O29

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for LoveringiteHide

References for LoveringiteHide

Localities for LoveringiteHide

Showing 17 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria
 
  • In Guezzam Province
    • In Guezzam District
      • Laouni
Lorand et al. (1987)
Australia (TL)
 
  • Western Australia
    • Dundas Shire
      • Norseman
Nickel & Nichols +2 other references
Austria
 
  • Salzburg
    • Zell am See District
      • Rauris
Weiß et al. (2003) +1 other reference
Finland
 
  • Lapland
    • Sodankylä
      • Kevitsansarvi (Keivitsansarvi)
Mutanen (1997)
  • North Ostrobothnia
    • Pudasjärvi
Karinen
France
 
  • French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Ionov et al. (1995)
Italy
 
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Castiglione Chiavarese
Marchesini et al. (2025)
      • Moneglia
Cabella et al. (1997)
Northwest Africa Meteorites
 
Zhang et al. (2020)
Norway
 
  • Troms og Finnmark
    • Kautokeino
Svein (1988)
Russia
 
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex)
      • Last-Yavr intrusion
Barkov et al. (1996) +1 other reference
maurice.strahlen.org (2003)
    • Lovchorr Mt
Kompanchenko et al. (2018)
Saudi Arabia
 
  • Medina Region
Abuamarah et al. (2023)
USA
 
  • Connecticut
    • Tolland County
      • Willington
Ague et al. (2012)
Zimbabwe
 
  • Mashonaland West
    • Chegutu District
Stribrny et al. (2000) +1 other reference
The Moon
 
  • Taurus-Littrow Valley
Stadermann et al. (2024)
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