Diaoyudaoite
A valid IMA mineral species
This page kindly sponsored by Sylvain Jaques
About Diaoyudaoite
Formula:
NaAl11O17
Colour:
Colourless, light green
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
7½ - 8
Specific Gravity:
3.30
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named for Diaoyudao Island, the Chinese name for the Senkaku islands.
NOTE: There is strong suspicion that diaoyudaoite, from all its known localities, is an INDUSTRIAL WASTE product (from chromium refining, corundum synthesis, etc.) and not a natural mineral.
Compare chukochenite.
Compare chukochenite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1283
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1283:2
IMA Classification of Diaoyudaoite
Approved
Approval year:
1985
Classification of Diaoyudaoite
4.CC.45
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
7.11.12.1
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
11 : Miscellaneous
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
11 : Miscellaneous
7.2.2
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
2 : Oxides of the alkali metals
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
2 : Oxides of the alkali metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Dyd | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Diaoyudaoite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless, light green
Hardness:
7½ - 8 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN15=1393 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
One direction, good.
One direction, good.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
3.30 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.21 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Diaoyudaoite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.6876(2) nε = 1.663(2)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.025
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Chemistry of Diaoyudaoite
Mindat Formula:
NaAl11O17
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Cr
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| SiO2 | 0.07 % |
| TiO2 | 0.13 % |
| Al2O3 | 83.75 % |
| V2O3 | 4.68 % |
| Mn2O3 | 0.24 % |
| MgO | 3.89 % |
| BaO | 0.07 % |
| Na2O | 3.74 % |
| K2O | 3.77 % |
| Fe2O3 | 0.03 % |
| CaO | 0.03 % |
| Total: | 100.4 % |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dellagiustaite type locality, Sierra de Comechingones, San Luis Province, Argentina | intergrown with kahlenbergite |
Crystallography of Diaoyudaoite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P63/mmc
Setting:
P63/mmc
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.602(1) Å, c = 22.625(5) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 4.039
Unit Cell V:
614.90 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009850 | Diaoyudaoite | Edstrom K, Thomas J O, Farrington G C (1991) Structural aspects of the Na+ -> Cd2+ ion-exchange process in Na+ beta-alumina Acta Crystallographica B47 635-643 |  | 1991 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0009849 | Diaoyudaoite | Edstrom K, Thomas J O, Farrington G C (1991) Structural aspects of the Na+ -> Cd2+ ion-exchange process in Na+ beta-alumina Acta Crystallographica B47 635-643 | | 1991 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0009848 | Diaoyudaoite | Edstrom K, Thomas J O, Farrington G C (1991) Structural aspects of the Na+ -> Cd2+ ion-exchange process in Na+ beta-alumina Acta Crystallographica B47 635-643 | | 1991 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0014697 | Diaoyudaoite | Felsche J (1967) Zur kristallstruktur von beta-aluminiumoxid Naturwissenschaften 54 612-613 | 1967 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0010660 | Diaoyudaoite | Felsche J (1968) The alkali problem in the crystal structure of beta alumina Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 127 94-100 |  | 1968 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0016956 | Diaoyudaoite | Beevers C, Ross M (1937) The crystal structure of beta alumina Na2O(Al2O3)11 _cod_database_code 1010017 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 97 59-66 | 1937 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 11.2 Å | (10) |
| 2.680 Å | (7) |
| 5.65 Å | (6) |
| 1.400 Å | (6) |
| 2.505 Å | (5) |
| 2.028 Å | (4) |
| 1.413 Å | (4) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56) | <0.36 |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55) |
Geological Setting:
Slag piles, waste dumps, and sites of illegal toxic waste dumping.
Type Occurrence of Diaoyudaoite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Crystals thin tabular, to 0.5 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Museum of Geology, Beijing, China.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Seafloor mud.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Diaoyudaoite
Other Language Names for Diaoyudaoite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.CC. | Xuite | Ca3Fe3+2[(AlO3(OH)]3 |
| 4.CC. | Yttriaite-(Y) | Y2O3 |
| 4.CC. | Allendeite | Sc4Zr3O12 |
| 4.CC. | Chlorkyuygenite | Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2] |
| 4.CC. | Oboniobite | Mg4Nb2O9 |
| 4.CC. | Botuobinskite | SrFe2+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)[O36(OH)2] |
| 4.CC. | Mirnyite | SrZr4+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)O38 |
| 4.CC. | Haitaite-(La) | LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38 |
| 4.CC. | Shagamite | KFe11O17 |
| 4.CC. | Bitikleite | Ca3(Sb5+Sn4+)[AlO4]3 |
| 4.CC. | Anzaite-(Ce) | Ce3+ 4Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2 |
| 4.CC. | Heamanite-(Ce) | (K0.5Ce0.5)TiO3 |
| 4.CC. | Priscillagrewite-(Y) | (Ca2Y)Zr2(AlO4)3 |
| 4.CC. | Strandite | Pb3Mn3+4Mn4+3O15 |
| 4.CC. | Saranovskite | SrCaFe2+2(Cr4Ti2)Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC.05 | Chrombismite | Bi3+16Cr6+O27 |
| 4.CC.10 | Freudenbergite | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 |
| 4.CC.10 | Fluormayenite | Ca12Al14O32F2 |
| 4.CC.10 | Fluorkyuygenite | Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2] |
| 4.CC.15 | Grossite | CaAl4O7 |
| 4.CC.17 | Goldschmidtite | KNbO3 |
| 4.CC.20 | 'Unnamed (HBU UK-4)' | NaFe2+Zn2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)6Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | Chlormayenite | Ca12Al14O32[◻4Cl2] |
| 4.CC.20 | Paseroite | PbMn2+(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(V5+,Ti,◻)18O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | Mianningite | (◻,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2 (Ti,Fe3+)18O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | 'UM1987-03-O:FePbTiU' | ~(U,Pb)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mn)21O38 |
| 4.CC.22 | Gorerite | CaAlFe3+11O19 |
| 4.CC.22 | Kahlenbergite | KAl11O17 |
| 4.CC.25 | Hopmannite | Ba2(Ti5Fe)O13 |
| 4.CC.25 | Nixonite | Na2Ti6O13 |
| 4.CC.25 | Yafsoanite | Ca3Te6+2(ZnO4)3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Latrappite | Ca2NbFe3+O6 |
| 4.CC.30 | Natroniobite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Lueshite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Bariolakargiite | BaZrO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Barioperovskite | BaTiO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Megawite | CaSnO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Lakargiite | Ca(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Usturite | Ca3(Sb5+Zr)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Elbrusite | Ca3(U6+0.5Zr1.5)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Monteneveite | Ca3Sb5+2(Fe3+2Fe2+)O12 |
| 4.CC.32 | Dzhuluite | Ca3(Sb5+Sn4+)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Tausonite | SrTiO3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Loparite | (Na,REE)2Ti2O6 |
| 4.CC.35 | Panguite | (Ti,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr,Ca)1.8O3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Isolueshite | (Na,La)NbO3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Macedonite | PbTiO3 |
| 4.CC.37 | Pauloabibite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.40 | Landauite | NaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Mathiasite | (Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12 |
| 4.CC.40 | Senaite | Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Gramaccioliite-(Y) | (Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Lindsleyite | (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Crichtonite | Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Loveringite | (Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Cleusonite | (Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | 'Davidite-(Y)' | (La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical) |
| 4.CC.40 | 'Uhligite' | Ca3(Ti,Al,Zr)9O20 ? |
| 4.CC.40 | Dessauite-(Y) | (Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38 |
| 4.CC.45 | Yimengite | K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Nežilovite | PbZn2Mn4+2Fe3+8O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Hawthorneite | BaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Mizraite-(Ce) | Ce(Al11Mg)O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Haggertyite | BaFe2+4Fe3+2Ti5MgO19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Lindqvistite | Pb2Mn2+Fe16O27 |
| 4.CC.45 | Hibonite | CaAl12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Kangite | (Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,◻)2O3 |
| 4.CC.45 | Chihuahuaite | FeAl12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Barioferrite | BaFe3+12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Plumboferrite | Pb[Fe3+10.67Mn2+0.33Pb]O18.33 |
| 4.CC.45 | Batiferrite | BaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Magnetoplumbite | PbFe3+12O19 |
| 4.CC.50 | Jeppeite | K2Ti6O13 |
| 4.CC.55 | Zenzénite | Pb3Fe3+4Mn4+3O15 |
| 4.CC.60 | 'Mengxianminite (of Huang et al.)' | (Ca,Na)3(Fe,Mn)2Mg2(Sn,Zn)5Al8O29 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Diaoyudaoite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1283.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Diaoyudaoite
Reference List:
Localities for Diaoyudaoite
Showing 9 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Frank K. Mazdab collection |
Belgium | |
| Giovanni Scapin Collection |
Germany | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) |
Japan (TL) | |
| Shunxi Shen et al. (1986) |
Norway | |
| Dahlgren (2005) |
Russia | |
| Excalibur Mineral specimen (anthropogenic) |
| Ерохин Ю.В. ... |
USA | |
| Kevin Downey specimens (confirmed by PXRD by John Attard) |
| Josef Vajdak (analysis by Petr Ondrush & F. Veselovsky, Czech Geol. Survey) |
Quick NavTopAbout DiaoyudaoiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Chemical AnalysisCrystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Saint-Jean slag locality, Montignies-sur-Sambre, Charleroi, Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium