Chlorkyuygenite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Chlorkyuygenite
Formula:
Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2]
Colour:
Colourless
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Specific Gravity:
2.941 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Initially mentioned as "mayenite-Cl". Later submitted to the IMA and approved with the name kyuygenite. However, before publication it was renamed to chlorkyuygenite (IMA 13-C) during a mayenite supergroup nomenclature revision. The root name is for the Kyuygen-Kaya Mountain in the northern part of the Upper Chegem caldera, the type locality. The 'chlor' prefix indicates that it is the chlorine analogue of fluorkyuygenite.
Originally named kyuygenite (renamed in 2013 - IMA 13-C).
A H2O-bearing analogue of chlormayenite. At the Upper Chegem volcanic caldera Chlorkyuygenite crystallized initially as chlormayenite, which later was altered under influence of volcanic gases containing water vapour. The chlorine analogue of fluorkyuygenite.
The mayenite supergroup species (in general, coded as C12A7, or C12A7e-) show unique electrochemichal properties, with some anions in their structure (e.g., oxygen anions) migrating thorough the structure. As such, the mayenites behave as metals even though they are very non-metal in terms of general chemistry. Transitions seen in their structure may be related to superconducting. The mayenites represent a group of chemicals known as "salts of an electron", also known as electrides (e.g., Weber et al., 2021).
A H2O-bearing analogue of chlormayenite. At the Upper Chegem volcanic caldera Chlorkyuygenite crystallized initially as chlormayenite, which later was altered under influence of volcanic gases containing water vapour. The chlorine analogue of fluorkyuygenite.
The mayenite supergroup species (in general, coded as C12A7, or C12A7e-) show unique electrochemichal properties, with some anions in their structure (e.g., oxygen anions) migrating thorough the structure. As such, the mayenites behave as metals even though they are very non-metal in terms of general chemistry. Transitions seen in their structure may be related to superconducting. The mayenites represent a group of chemicals known as "salts of an electron", also known as electrides (e.g., Weber et al., 2021).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
43571
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:43571:6
IMA Classification of Chlorkyuygenite
Approved
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2]
Approval year:
2012
First published:
2015
Approval history:
Renaming: IMA 13-C.
Classification of Chlorkyuygenite
4.CC.
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cky | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Chlorkyuygenite
Vitreous
Comment:
Strong vitreous lustre
Colour:
Colourless
Comment:
Occasionally with a greenish or yellowish tint
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5 - 5½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=632(37) kg/mm2 - Vickers
Density:
2.941 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Chlorkyuygenite
Type:
Isotropic
RI values:
n = 1.672(1)
Birefringence:
Isotropic minerals have no birefringence
Surface Relief:
High
Chemistry of Chlorkyuygenite
Mindat Formula:
Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2]
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Fe(III),Si,Ti
Crystallography of Chlorkyuygenite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
43m - Hextetrahedral
Space Group:
I43d
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.0285(1) Å, c = 12.0285 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1
Unit Cell V:
1740.34 ų
Z:
3
Morphology:
Rounded grains and crystals with tris-tetrahedral form (up to 50μm); Aggregates up to 100–150μm in size. Forms rims on wadalite crystals.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.911 Å | (31) |
| 3.215 Å | (15) |
| 3.007 Å | (38) |
| 2.690 Å | (100) |
| 2.455 Å | (46) |
| 2.196 Å | (21) |
| 1.668 Å | (26) |
| 1.607 Å | (30) |
Comments:
From Type Description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56) | <0.36 |
Type Occurrence of Chlorkyuygenite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Rounded grains and crystals with tris-tetrahedral form (up to 50 μm) and aggregates up to 100–150 μm in size enclosed in chegemite, reinhardbraunsite and srebrodolskite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Naturhistorisches Museum, Bern, Switzerland, registration number NMBE 41538.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Ca-humite zones of calcareous skarn xenoliths in ignimbrites in the Upper Chegem volcanic caldera, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Caucasus, Russia (43º17’N 43º6’E).
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Chlorkyuygenite
Other Language Names for Chlorkyuygenite
Dutch:Chlorkyuygeniet
German:Chlorkyuygenit
Relationship of Chlorkyuygenite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Mayenite Supergroup:
| Chlormayenite | Ca12Al14O32[◻4Cl2] | Iso. 43m : I43d |
| Fluorkyuygenite | Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2] | Iso. 43m : I43d |
| Fluormayenite | Ca12Al14O32F2 | Iso. 43m : I43d |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.CC. | Xuite | Ca3Fe3+2[(AlO3(OH)]3 |
| 4.CC. | Yttriaite-(Y) | Y2O3 |
| 4.CC. | Allendeite | Sc4Zr3O12 |
| 4.CC. | Oboniobite | Mg4Nb2O9 |
| 4.CC. | Botuobinskite | SrFe2+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)[O36(OH)2] |
| 4.CC. | Mirnyite | SrZr4+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)O38 |
| 4.CC. | Haitaite-(La) | LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38 |
| 4.CC. | Shagamite | KFe11O17 |
| 4.CC. | Bitikleite | Ca3(Sb5+Sn4+)[AlO4]3 |
| 4.CC. | Anzaite-(Ce) | Ce3+ 4Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2 |
| 4.CC. | Heamanite-(Ce) | (K0.5Ce0.5)TiO3 |
| 4.CC. | Priscillagrewite-(Y) | (Ca2Y)Zr2(AlO4)3 |
| 4.CC. | Strandite | Pb3Mn3+4Mn4+3O15 |
| 4.CC. | Saranovskite | SrCaFe2+2(Cr4Ti2)Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC.05 | Chrombismite | Bi3+16Cr6+O27 |
| 4.CC.10 | Freudenbergite | Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 |
| 4.CC.10 | Fluormayenite | Ca12Al14O32F2 |
| 4.CC.10 | Fluorkyuygenite | Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2] |
| 4.CC.15 | Grossite | CaAl4O7 |
| 4.CC.17 | Goldschmidtite | KNbO3 |
| 4.CC.20 | 'Unnamed (HBU UK-4)' | NaFe2+Zn2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)6Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | Chlormayenite | Ca12Al14O32[◻4Cl2] |
| 4.CC.20 | Paseroite | PbMn2+(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(V5+,Ti,◻)18O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | Mianningite | (◻,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2 (Ti,Fe3+)18O38 |
| 4.CC.20 | 'UM1987-03-O:FePbTiU' | ~(U,Pb)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mn)21O38 |
| 4.CC.22 | Gorerite | CaAlFe3+11O19 |
| 4.CC.22 | Kahlenbergite | KAl11O17 |
| 4.CC.25 | Hopmannite | Ba2(Ti5Fe)O13 |
| 4.CC.25 | Nixonite | Na2Ti6O13 |
| 4.CC.25 | Yafsoanite | Ca3Te6+2(ZnO4)3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Latrappite | Ca2NbFe3+O6 |
| 4.CC.30 | Natroniobite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Lueshite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Bariolakargiite | BaZrO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Barioperovskite | BaTiO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Megawite | CaSnO3 |
| 4.CC.30 | Lakargiite | Ca(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Usturite | Ca3(Sb5+Zr)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Elbrusite | Ca3(U6+0.5Zr1.5)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 4.CC.32 | Monteneveite | Ca3Sb5+2(Fe3+2Fe2+)O12 |
| 4.CC.32 | Dzhuluite | Ca3(Sb5+Sn4+)[Fe3+O4]3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Tausonite | SrTiO3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Loparite | (Na,REE)2Ti2O6 |
| 4.CC.35 | Panguite | (Ti,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr,Ca)1.8O3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Isolueshite | (Na,La)NbO3 |
| 4.CC.35 | Macedonite | PbTiO3 |
| 4.CC.37 | Pauloabibite | NaNbO3 |
| 4.CC.40 | Landauite | NaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Mathiasite | (Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12 |
| 4.CC.40 | Senaite | Pb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Gramaccioliite-(Y) | (Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Lindsleyite | (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Crichtonite | Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Loveringite | (Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Cleusonite | (Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | Davidite-(La) | La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| 4.CC.40 | 'Davidite-(Y)' | (La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical) |
| 4.CC.40 | 'Uhligite' | Ca3(Ti,Al,Zr)9O20 ? |
| 4.CC.40 | Dessauite-(Y) | (Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38 |
| 4.CC.45 | Diaoyudaoite | NaAl11O17 |
| 4.CC.45 | Yimengite | K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Nežilovite | PbZn2Mn4+2Fe3+8O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Hawthorneite | BaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Mizraite-(Ce) | Ce(Al11Mg)O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Haggertyite | BaFe2+4Fe3+2Ti5MgO19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Lindqvistite | Pb2Mn2+Fe16O27 |
| 4.CC.45 | Hibonite | CaAl12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Kangite | (Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,◻)2O3 |
| 4.CC.45 | Chihuahuaite | FeAl12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Barioferrite | BaFe3+12O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Plumboferrite | Pb[Fe3+10.67Mn2+0.33Pb]O18.33 |
| 4.CC.45 | Batiferrite | BaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19 |
| 4.CC.45 | Magnetoplumbite | PbFe3+12O19 |
| 4.CC.50 | Jeppeite | K2Ti6O13 |
| 4.CC.55 | Zenzénite | Pb3Fe3+4Mn4+3O15 |
| 4.CC.60 | 'Mengxianminite (of Huang et al.)' | (Ca,Na)3(Fe,Mn)2Mg2(Sn,Zn)5Al8O29 |
Other Information
Notes:
Raman bands [cm-1]: 202, 321, 511, 705, 776, 881; 3400-3200: H2O
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Chlorkyuygenite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-43571.html
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References for Chlorkyuygenite
Reference List:
Galuskin, Evgeny V., Gazeev, Viktor M., Lazic, Biljana, Armbruster, Thomas, Galuskina, Irina O., Zadov, Aleksander E., Pertsev, Nikolai N., Wrzalik, Roman, Dzierżanowski, Piotr, Gurbanov, Anatoly G., Bzowska, Grażyna (2009) Chegemite Ca7(SiO4)3(OH)2 a new humite-group calcium mineral from the Northern Caucasus, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia. European Journal of Mineralogy, 21 (5) 1045-1059 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1962 (as "mayenite-Cl")
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2013) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. CNMNC Newsletter No. 15. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (1) 1-12 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.1.01
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2014) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2014, CNMNC Newsletter No 20. Mineralogical Magazine, 78 (3) 549-558 doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.3.05
Galuskin, Evgeny V., Gfeller, Frank, Galuskina, Irina O., Armbruster, Thomas, Bailau, Radu, Sharygin, Viktor V. (2015) Mayenite supergroup, part I: Recommended nomenclature. European Journal of Mineralogy, 27 (1) 99-111 doi:10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2418
Galuskin, Evgeny V., Galuskina, Irina O., Kusz, Joachim, Gfeller, Frank, Armbruster, Thomas, Bailau, Radu, Dulski, Mateusz, Gazeev, Viktor M., Pertsev, Nikolai N., Zadov, Aleksander E., Dzierżanowski, Piotr (2015) Mayenite supergroup, part II: Chlorkyuygenite from Upper Chegem, Northern Caucasus, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia, a new microporous mineral with “zeolitic” H2O. European Journal of Mineralogy, 27 (1) 113-122 doi:10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2419
Localities for Chlorkyuygenite
Showing 3 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Middle East | |
| Vapnik et al. (2014) | |
Russia | |
| Mineralogical Magazine +2 other references |
| Galuskin et al. (2015) |
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Xenolith no. 1, Lakargi Mountain, Upper Chegem volcanic caldera, Chegemsky District, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia