Hydroxylellestadite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Hydroxylellestadite
Formula:
Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(OH)
Colour:
Light orange; Pink, Purple-grey
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
3.068
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
In allusion to its composition, being the hydroxyl-dominant analogue of chlorellestadite and fluorellestadite. The name ellestadite (sensu lato) was first introduced by McConnell (1937) and named in honour of Dr. Ruben B. Ellestad (1900-1993), American analytical chemist of Minneapolis.
Based on the chemical analysis, the type specimen of ellestadite should be considered a hydroxylellestadite (Pasero et al., 2010). Later, Harada et al. (1971) described hydroxylellestadite. It was renamed as ellestadite-(OH), and back to hydroxylellestadite by IMA in 2010 (Pasero et al., 2010). The crystal structure was refined, first by Sudarsanan (1980), Hughes & Drexler (1991) and later by Onac et al. (2006).
Based on the chemical analysis, the type specimen of ellestadite should be considered a hydroxylellestadite (Pasero et al., 2010). Later, Harada et al. (1971) described hydroxylellestadite. It was renamed as ellestadite-(OH), and back to hydroxylellestadite by IMA in 2010 (Pasero et al., 2010). The crystal structure was refined, first by Sudarsanan (1980), Hughes & Drexler (1991) and later by Onac et al. (2006).
A mineral in the Ellestadite Group of the Apatite Supergroup. Fluorellestadite-Hydroxylellestadite Series; Hydroxylapatite-hydroxylellestadite series. The hydroxyl analogue of fluorellestadite.
Formerly called ellestadite-(OH).
It is found in pegmatite veins, skarn and pyrometamorphic deposits.
Sulfate may be substituted by carbonate, at least in part, to give Unnamed (CO3 analogue of hydroxylellestadite) if the 50% rule is met.
Formerly called ellestadite-(OH).
It is found in pegmatite veins, skarn and pyrometamorphic deposits.
Sulfate may be substituted by carbonate, at least in part, to give Unnamed (CO3 analogue of hydroxylellestadite) if the 50% rule is met.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1958
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1958:9
IMA Classification of Hydroxylellestadite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ca5(SiO4)1.5(S6+O4)1.5(OH)
Approval year:
1970
Classification of Hydroxylellestadite
9.AH.25
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
H : Nesosilicates with CO3, SO4, PO4, etc.
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
H : Nesosilicates with CO3, SO4, PO4, etc.
52.4.9.4
52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
4 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] and/or >[6] coordination
52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
4 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] and/or >[6] coordination
17.10.21
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
10 : Silicates with sulphate, molybdate or tungstate
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
10 : Silicates with sulphate, molybdate or tungstate
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hel | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Hel | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Hydroxylellestadite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Light orange; Pink, Purple-grey
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=590(30) kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.068 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.046 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hydroxylellestadite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.654(2) nε = 1.650(2)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.004
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Chemistry of Hydroxylellestadite
Mindat Formula:
Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(OH)
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Al,Fe,Mn,Mg,Sr,Na,K,P,C
Crystallography of Hydroxylellestadite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P63/mcm
Setting:
P63/m2/c2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.491 Å, c = 6.921 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.729
Unit Cell V:
539.91 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Anhedral masses.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0004257 | Hydroxylellestadite | Onac B P, Effenberger H, Ettinger K, Panzaru S P (2006) Hydroxylellestadite from Cioclovina Cave (Romania): Microanalytical, structural, and vibrational spectroscopy data American Mineralogist 91 1927-1931 |  | 2006 | Cioclovina Cave, Sureanu Mountains, Romania | 0 | 293 |
| 0014857 | Hydroxylellestadite | Hughes J M, Drexler J W (1991) Cation substitution in the apatite tetrahedral site: crystal structures of type hydroxylellestadtite and type fermorite Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1991 327-336 | 1991 | Crestmore, California, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 8.230 Å | (8) |
| 5.267 Å | (5) |
| 4.744 Å | (3) |
| 4.113 Å | (5) |
| 3.919 Å | (7) |
| 3.462 Å | (40) |
| 3.187 Å | (4) |
| 3.110 Å | (9) |
| 2.839 Å | (100) |
| 2.801 Å | (44) |
| 2.739 Å | (60) |
| 2.655 Å | (45) |
| 2.554 Å | (3) |
| 2.317 Å | (4) |
| 2.282 Å | (10) |
| 2.242 Å | (1) |
| 2.165 Å | (5) |
| 2.075 Å | (3) |
| 2.013 Å | (3) |
| 1.960 Å | (16) |
| 1.905 Å | (5) |
| 1.886 Å | (3) |
| 1.853 Å | (43) |
| 1.822 Å | (5) |
| 1.792 Å | (5) |
| 1.767 Å | (12) |
| 1.730 Å | (14) |
| 1.656 Å | (5) |
| 1.621 Å | (3) |
| 1.600 Å | (1) |
| 1.503 Å | (5) |
| 1.484 Å | (20) |
| 1.464 Å | (10) |
| 1.444 Å | (2) |
Locality:
Comments:
Harda, K., Nagashima, K., Nakao, K., Kato, A. (1971) Hydroxylellestadite, a new apatite from Chichibu Mine, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. American Mineralogist: 56: 1507-1518.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56) |
Type Occurrence of Hydroxylellestadite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Anhedral, cleavable aggregates up to 100 kg. Individual cleavage pieces are up
to 2 cm along the c axis
to 2 cm along the c axis
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Hydroxylellestadite
Other Language Names for Hydroxylellestadite
Varieties of Hydroxylellestadite
| Wilkeite | Now a discredited mineral. A note on specimens labelled as wilkeite from the first recorded locality, Crestmore quarries, California, USA: The type material was described as pink hexagonal crystals in blue crystalline limestone from Riverside Co., Cali... |
Relationship of Hydroxylellestadite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Ellestadite Group:
| Chlorellestadite | Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5Cl | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Fluorellestadite | Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5F | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 3 photos of Hydroxylellestadite associated with Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| 2 photos of Hydroxylellestadite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylellestadite associated with Plombièrite | Ca5Si6O16(OH)2 · 7H2O |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylellestadite associated with Ye'elimite | Ca4Al6(SO4)O12 |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylellestadite associated with Vorlanite | Ca(U6+)O4 |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylellestadite associated with 'Hydrogrossular' | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylellestadite associated with Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylellestadite associated with Hillebrandite | Ca2(SiO3)(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.AH. | Fluorbritholite-(Nd) | Ca2Nd3(SiO4)3F |
| 9.AH.05 | Iimoriite-(Y) | Y2[SiO4][CO3] |
| 9.AH.10 | Tundrite-(Ce) | Na2Ce2Ti(SiO4)(CO3)2O2 |
| 9.AH.10 | Tundrite-(Nd) | Na2(Nd,Ce)2Ti(SiO4)(CO3)2O2 |
| 9.AH.15 | Galuskinite | Ca7(SiO4)3(CO3) |
| 9.AH.15 | Spurrite | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) |
| 9.AH.20 | Ternesite | Ca5(SiO4)2(SO4) |
| 9.AH.20 | Silicocarnotite | Ca5[(SiO4)(PO4)](PO4) |
| 9.AH.25 | Britholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH |
| 9.AH.25 | Britholite-(Y) | (Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH |
| 9.AH.25 | Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorellestadite | Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5F |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorbritholite-(La) | Ca2La3(SiO4)3F |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorbritholite-(Y) | (Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| 9.AH.25 | 'Calciobritholite' | (Ca,Y)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH) |
| 9.AH.25 | 'Britholite-(La)' | Ca2(La,Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F) |
| 9.AH.25 | Tritomite-(Ce) | Ce5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O) |
| 9.AH.25 | Tritomite-(Y) | Y5(SiO4,BO4)3(O,OH,F) |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorcalciobritholite | (Ca,REE)5(SiO4,PO4)3F |
| 9.AH.25 | Chlorellestadite | Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5Cl |
| 9.AH.35 | Dargaite | BaCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O3 |
| 9.AH.35 | Nabimusaite | KCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O2F |
| 9.AH.40 | Stracherite | BaCa6(SiO4)2[(PO4)(CO3)]F |
| 9.AH.40 | Zadovite | BaCa6[(SiO4)(PO4)](PO4)2F |
| 9.AH.40 | Gazeevite | BaCa6(SiO4)2(SO4)2O |
| 9.AH.45 | Flamite | Ca8-x(Na,K)x(SiO4)4-x(PO4)x |
| 9.AH.50 | Byzantievite | Ba5(Ca,REE,Y)22(Ti,Nb)18(SiO4)4[(PO4),(SiO4)]4(BO3)9O22[(OH),F]43(H2O)1.5 |
| 9.AH.55 | Greenwoodite | (Ba,V3+O)2V3+9(Fe3+,Fe2+)2Si2O22 |
| 9.AH.60 | Kihlmanite-(Ce) | Ce2TiO2(SiO4)(HCO3)2(H2O) |
| 9.AH.65 | Tsangpoite | Ca5(PO4)2(SiO4) |
| 9.AH.70 | 'Enalite' | (Th,REE,Al) [(PO4),(SiO4),(OH)] |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hydroxylellestadite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1958.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Hydroxylellestadite
Reference List:
Harada, Kazuo, Nagashima, Kozo, Nakao, Kazuso, Kato, and Akira (1971) Hydroxylellestadite, a new apatite from Chichibu mine, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. American Mineralogist, 56 (9-10) 1507-1518
Sudarsanan, K. (1980) Structure of hydroxyellestadite. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 36 (7) 1636-1639 doi:10.1107/s0567740880006759
Onac, B. P., Effenberger, H., Ettinger, K., Panzaru, S. C. (2006) Hydroxylellestadite from Cioclovina Cave (Romania): Microanalytical, structural, and vibrational spectroscopy data. American Mineralogist, 91 (11) 1927-1931 doi:10.2138/am.2006.2143
Grabezhev, A. I., Pertsev, N. N., Zadov, A. E., Pribavkin, S. V., Murzin, V. V. (2007) Calcic hydrosilicate metasomatic rocks at the Gumeshevsk skarn-porphyry copper deposit in the central Urals, Russia. Petrology, 15 (5) 514-522 doi:10.1134/s0869591107050062(with data on hydroxylellestadite)
Pasero, Marco, Kampf, Anthony R., Ferraris, Cristiano, Pekov, Igor V., Rakovan, John, White, Timothy J. (2010) Nomenclature of the apatite supergroup minerals. European Journal of Mineralogy, 22 (2) 163-179 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-2022
Localities for Hydroxylellestadite
Showing 41 localities.
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The Locality List
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- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Chichibu mining district, Nakatsugawa, Ohtaki-mura, Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan