Tundrite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Tundrite-(Ce)
Formula:
Na2Ce2Ti(SiO4)(CO3)2O2
Colour:
Yellow-brown, green-yellow
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy, Silky
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
3.70
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Originally called titanorhabdophane. Named tundrite after the Lovozero tundra, by E. I. Semenov in 1963. The suffix was added in 1987, following the Levinson rule, to indicate the dominant rare earth element.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4048
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4048:4
Similar Names
| Tundrite | ||
| Tundrite-(Nd) | A valid IMA mineral species | Na2(Nd,Ce)2Ti(SiO4)(CO3)2O2 |
IMA Classification of Tundrite-(Ce)
Classification of Tundrite-(Ce)
9.AH.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
H : Nesosilicates with CO3, SO4, PO4, etc.
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
H : Nesosilicates with CO3, SO4, PO4, etc.
17.1.11.
17 : COMPOUND CARBONATES
1 : Miscellaneous
17 : COMPOUND CARBONATES
1 : Miscellaneous
17.4.15
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
4 : Silicates with carbonates
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
4 : Silicates with carbonates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Tnd-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Tundrite-(Ce)
Vitreous, Greasy, Silky
Colour:
Yellow-brown, green-yellow
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Density:
3.70 g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Tundrite-(Ce)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.743 nβ = 1.8 nγ = 1.88
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.137
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (84°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (84°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Dispersion:
r > v moderate
Optical Extinction:
Z ∧ c = 14°.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = pale yellow; Z = greenish yellow.
Chemistry of Tundrite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
Na2Ce2Ti(SiO4)(CO3)2O2
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Tundrite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.5702(6) Å, b = 13.949(2) Å, c = 5.0235(5) Å
α = 100.19(1)°, β = 70.88(1)°, γ = 101.26(1)°
α = 100.19(1)°, β = 70.88(1)°, γ = 101.26(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.543 : 1 : 0.36
Unit Cell V:
487.91 ų
Z:
2
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006184 | Tundrite-(Ce) | Grice J D, Rowe R, Poirier G, Wight Q (2008) Tundrite-(Ce) from Mount Saint-Hilaire, Quebec: Crystal-structure analysis and species characterization The Canadian Mineralogist 46 413-422 |  | 2008 | Mount Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada | 0 | 293 |
| 0015572 | Tundrite-(Ce) | Shumyatskaya N G, Voronkov A A, Ilyukhin V V, Belov N V (1976) Tundrite, Na2Ce2TiO2[SiO4](CO3)2 - refinement of the crystal structure and chemical formula Soviet Physics Crystallography 21 399-405 | 1976 | Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.06 Å | (80) |
| 2.78 Å | (100) |
| 2.72 Å | (100) |
| 2.50 Å | (30) |
| 2.37 Å | (30) |
| 2.02 Å | (30) |
| 1.927 Å | (30) |
| 1.881 Å | (20) |
| 1.794 Å | (30) |
| 1.709 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Type Occurrence of Tundrite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Fine acicular crystals up to 5 mm long and spherulites up to 15 mm in diameter. Alters to rhabdophane.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Moscow, Russia, number 72020 (type).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Nepheline syenite pegmatite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Tundrite-(Ce)
Tundrite (in part)
Other Language Names for Tundrite-(Ce)
Relationship of Tundrite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Tundrite Group:
| Tundrite-(Nd) | Na2(Nd,Ce)2Ti(SiO4)(CO3)2O2 |
Structurally related to group(s):
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 3 photos of Tundrite-(Ce) associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| 2 photos of Tundrite-(Ce) associated with Ranciéite | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O |
| 2 photos of Tundrite-(Ce) associated with Rhabdophane-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O |
| 1 photo of Tundrite-(Ce) associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 1 photo of Tundrite-(Ce) associated with Riebeckite | ◻Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Tundrite-(Ce) associated with Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 1 photo of Tundrite-(Ce) associated with Cerite-(CeCa) | (Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.AH. | Fluorbritholite-(Nd) | Ca2Nd3(SiO4)3F |
| 9.AH.05 | Iimoriite-(Y) | Y2[SiO4][CO3] |
| 9.AH.10 | Tundrite-(Nd) | Na2(Nd,Ce)2Ti(SiO4)(CO3)2O2 |
| 9.AH.15 | Galuskinite | Ca7(SiO4)3(CO3) |
| 9.AH.15 | Spurrite | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) |
| 9.AH.20 | Ternesite | Ca5(SiO4)2(SO4) |
| 9.AH.20 | Silicocarnotite | Ca5[(SiO4)(PO4)](PO4) |
| 9.AH.25 | Britholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH |
| 9.AH.25 | Britholite-(Y) | (Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH |
| 9.AH.25 | Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorellestadite | Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5F |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorbritholite-(La) | Ca2La3(SiO4)3F |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorbritholite-(Y) | (Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| 9.AH.25 | Hydroxylellestadite | Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(OH) |
| 9.AH.25 | 'Calciobritholite' | (Ca,Y)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH) |
| 9.AH.25 | 'Britholite-(La)' | Ca2(La,Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F) |
| 9.AH.25 | Tritomite-(Ce) | Ce5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O) |
| 9.AH.25 | Tritomite-(Y) | Y5(SiO4,BO4)3(O,OH,F) |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorcalciobritholite | (Ca,REE)5(SiO4,PO4)3F |
| 9.AH.25 | Chlorellestadite | Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5Cl |
| 9.AH.35 | Dargaite | BaCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O3 |
| 9.AH.35 | Nabimusaite | KCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O2F |
| 9.AH.40 | Stracherite | BaCa6(SiO4)2[(PO4)(CO3)]F |
| 9.AH.40 | Zadovite | BaCa6[(SiO4)(PO4)](PO4)2F |
| 9.AH.40 | Gazeevite | BaCa6(SiO4)2(SO4)2O |
| 9.AH.45 | Flamite | Ca8-x(Na,K)x(SiO4)4-x(PO4)x |
| 9.AH.50 | Byzantievite | Ba5(Ca,REE,Y)22(Ti,Nb)18(SiO4)4[(PO4),(SiO4)]4(BO3)9O22[(OH),F]43(H2O)1.5 |
| 9.AH.55 | Greenwoodite | (Ba,V3+O)2V3+9(Fe3+,Fe2+)2Si2O22 |
| 9.AH.60 | Kihlmanite-(Ce) | Ce2TiO2(SiO4)(HCO3)2(H2O) |
| 9.AH.65 | Tsangpoite | Ca5(PO4)2(SiO4) |
| 9.AH.70 | 'Enalite' | (Th,REE,Al) [(PO4),(SiO4),(OH)] |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tundrite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4048.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Tundrite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042
Localities for Tundrite-(Ce)
Showing 7 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| Grice (1989) +1 other reference |
Greenland | |
| Semenov et al. (5 1.del) +1 other reference |
| Karup-Møller (1982) | |
| Karup-Møller (1982) | |
Russia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) +3 other references |
| Semenov E.I. (1972) |
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Khibiny Station, Kihlman Mountain, Murmansk Oblast, Russia