Iimoriite-(Y)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Iimoriite-(Y)
Satoyasu Iimori and Takeo Iimori
Formula:
Y2[SiO4][CO3]
Colour:
Buff-tan, light purplish gray
Lustre:
Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
4.47
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named iimoriite by A. Kato and K. Nagashima in 1970 in honor of Satoyasu Iimori (飯盛里安)(19 October 1885, Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan - 13 October 1982, Japan) and Takeo Iimori (飯盛武夫)( - 16 August 1942), Japanese chemists who first described many rare earth minerals from the Fusamata pegmatite district. The suffix was added in 1985.
A silico-carbonate of yttrium found in REE- and uranium-bearing granitic pegmatites and veins. Found as alteration product after thalénite-(Y) from the Suishoyama pegmatite, Japan together with tengerite-(Y) (Kato & Nagashima 1970) and at the Åskagen pegmatite, Sweden.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2006
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2006:6
IMA Classification of Iimoriite-(Y)
Approved
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Y2(SiO4)(CO3)
Approval year:
1967
First published:
1970
Approval history:
Approved by IMA in 1967 (IMA1967-033).
Classification of Iimoriite-(Y)
9.AH.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
H : Nesosilicates with CO3, SO4, PO4, etc.
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
H : Nesosilicates with CO3, SO4, PO4, etc.
53.1.3.1
53 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and Other Anions or Complex Cations
1 : Insular SiO4 Groups and Other Anions of Complex Cations with (CO3)
53 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and Other Anions or Complex Cations
1 : Insular SiO4 Groups and Other Anions of Complex Cations with (CO3)
17.4.9
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
4 : Silicates with carbonates
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
4 : Silicates with carbonates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Iim-Y | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Iimoriite-(Y)
Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Buff-tan, light purplish gray
Comment:
Colourless in thin section (TL)
Streak:
White with purplish gray-tint
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
distinct on (011)
distinct on (011)
Density:
4.47 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.91 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Iimoriite-(Y)
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.753 nβ = 1.824 nγ = 1.83
2V:
Measured: 31° , Calculated: 32°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.077
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
distinct to strong
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Iimoriite-(Y)
Mindat Formula:
Y2[SiO4][CO3]
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| Y2O3 | 48.73 % |
| Yb2O3 | 7.74 % |
| Er2O3 | 3.16 % |
| Lu2O3 | 1.88 % |
| Dy2O3 | 4.79 % |
| Tb2O3 | 0.38 % |
| Gd2O3 | 2.64 % |
| CO2 calc | 14.12 % |
| SiO2 | 16.56 % |
| Total: | 100 % |
Empirical formulas:
| Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
|---|---|
| 1 | (Y1.51Yb0.14Dy0.09Er0.06Gd0.05Lu0.03Tb0.01)S1.89(SiO4)(CO3)1.12 |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Åskagen Quarry, Persberg ore district, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden | Analysis by A.V. Voloshin ( on sample supplied by Roy Kristiansen in 1988) |
Crystallography of Iimoriite-(Y)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.573 Å, b = 6.651 Å, c = 6.454 Å
α = 116.44°, β = 92.34°, γ = 95.63°
α = 116.44°, β = 92.34°, γ = 95.63°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.988 : 1 : 0.97
Unit Cell V:
250.3 ų
Z:
2
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005503 | Iimoriite-(Y) | Hughes J M, Foord E E, Jai-Nhuknan J, Bell J M (1996) The atomic arrangement of iimoriite-(Y), Y2(SiO4)(CO3) The Canadian Mineralogist 34 817-820 |  | 1996 | Bokan Mountain, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.881 Å | (100) |
| 2.954 Å | (80) |
| 2.784 Å | (40) |
| 3.023 Å | (36) |
| 2.841 Å | (35) |
| 2.705 Å | (29) |
| 3.20 Å | (27) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust | >4.4-3.0 |
| 19 : Granitic intrusive rocks | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Iimoriite-(Y)
General Appearance of Type Material:
As masses up to 3 x 3 x 2 cm in size.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan, M16288; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 120635.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Quartz-microcline-pegmatite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Iimoriite-(Y)
Other Language Names for Iimoriite-(Y)
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 11 photos of Iimoriite-(Y) associated with Allanite-(Nd) | (CaNd)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9 photos of Iimoriite-(Y) associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 9 photos of Iimoriite-(Y) associated with Tengerite-(Y) | Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O |
| 5 photos of Iimoriite-(Y) associated with Keiviite-(Y) | Y2Si2O7 |
| 4 photos of Iimoriite-(Y) associated with Thalénite-(Y) | Y3Si3O10F |
| 3 photos of Iimoriite-(Y) associated with Gadolinite-(Y) | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| 3 photos of Iimoriite-(Y) associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 3 photos of Iimoriite-(Y) associated with Allanite-(Y) | (CaY)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 2 photos of Iimoriite-(Y) associated with 'Yttrofluorite' | (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05 < x < 0.3 |
| 2 photos of Iimoriite-(Y) associated with Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.AH. | Fluorbritholite-(Nd) | Ca2Nd3(SiO4)3F |
| 9.AH.10 | Tundrite-(Ce) | Na2Ce2Ti(SiO4)(CO3)2O2 |
| 9.AH.10 | Tundrite-(Nd) | Na2(Nd,Ce)2Ti(SiO4)(CO3)2O2 |
| 9.AH.15 | Galuskinite | Ca7(SiO4)3(CO3) |
| 9.AH.15 | Spurrite | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) |
| 9.AH.20 | Ternesite | Ca5(SiO4)2(SO4) |
| 9.AH.20 | Silicocarnotite | Ca5[(SiO4)(PO4)](PO4) |
| 9.AH.25 | Britholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH |
| 9.AH.25 | Britholite-(Y) | (Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH |
| 9.AH.25 | Mattheddleite | Pb5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(Cl,OH) |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorellestadite | Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5F |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorbritholite-(La) | Ca2La3(SiO4)3F |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorbritholite-(Y) | (Y,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| 9.AH.25 | Hydroxylellestadite | Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(OH) |
| 9.AH.25 | 'Calciobritholite' | (Ca,Y)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH) |
| 9.AH.25 | 'Britholite-(La)' | Ca2(La,Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F) |
| 9.AH.25 | Tritomite-(Ce) | Ce5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O) |
| 9.AH.25 | Tritomite-(Y) | Y5(SiO4,BO4)3(O,OH,F) |
| 9.AH.25 | Fluorcalciobritholite | (Ca,REE)5(SiO4,PO4)3F |
| 9.AH.25 | Chlorellestadite | Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5Cl |
| 9.AH.35 | Dargaite | BaCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O3 |
| 9.AH.35 | Nabimusaite | KCa12(SiO4)4(SO4)2O2F |
| 9.AH.40 | Stracherite | BaCa6(SiO4)2[(PO4)(CO3)]F |
| 9.AH.40 | Zadovite | BaCa6[(SiO4)(PO4)](PO4)2F |
| 9.AH.40 | Gazeevite | BaCa6(SiO4)2(SO4)2O |
| 9.AH.45 | Flamite | Ca8-x(Na,K)x(SiO4)4-x(PO4)x |
| 9.AH.50 | Byzantievite | Ba5(Ca,REE,Y)22(Ti,Nb)18(SiO4)4[(PO4),(SiO4)]4(BO3)9O22[(OH),F]43(H2O)1.5 |
| 9.AH.55 | Greenwoodite | (Ba,V3+O)2V3+9(Fe3+,Fe2+)2Si2O22 |
| 9.AH.60 | Kihlmanite-(Ce) | Ce2TiO2(SiO4)(HCO3)2(H2O) |
| 9.AH.65 | Tsangpoite | Ca5(PO4)2(SiO4) |
| 9.AH.70 | 'Enalite' | (Th,REE,Al) [(PO4),(SiO4),(OH)] |
Fluorescence of Iimoriite-(Y)
none
Other Information
Notes:
Slight reaction with cold HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Iimoriite-(Y)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2006.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Iimoriite-(Y)
Reference List:
Foord, Eugene E., Staatz, Mortimer H., Conklin, Nancy M. (1984) New data for iimoriite. American Mineralogist, 69 (1-2) 196-199
Localities for Iimoriite-(Y)
Showing 11 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Angola | |
| Beleque (2010) |
France | |
| Gatel (1990) |
Germany | |
| Lorenz (2004) |
Japan (TL) | |
| Kato et al. (1970) |
| Kato et al. (1970) +1 other reference |
Norway | |
| Raade (2007) |
| Husdal (2011) | |
| Husdal (2019) |
Russia | |
| Voloshin A.V. et al. (1987) |
Sweden | |
| Kristiansen (1993) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Foord et al. (1984) |
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Trimouns Talc Mine, Luzenac, Foix, Ariège, Occitanie, France