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Maoniuping Mine, Mianning County, Liangshan Yi, Sichuan, China i
Regional Level Types
Maoniuping Mine Mine
Mianning County County
Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture
Sichuan Province
China Country

Regional Level Types
Maoniuping Mine	Mine
Mianning County	County
Liangshan Yi	Autonomous Prefecture
Sichuan	Province
China	Country

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Wulfenite, etc.

Maoniuping Mine, Mianning County, Liangshan Yi, Sichuan, China

Wulfenite, etc.

Maoniuping Mine, Mianning County, Liangshan Yi, Sichuan, China

Wulfenite, etc.

Maoniuping Mine, Mianning County, Liangshan Yi, Sichuan, China

Wulfenite, etc.

Maoniuping Mine, Mianning County, Liangshan Yi, Sichuan, China

Wulfenite, etc.

Maoniuping Mine, Mianning County, Liangshan Yi, Sichuan, China

Wulfenite, etc.

Maoniuping Mine, Mianning County, Liangshan Yi, Sichuan, China

Wulfenite, etc.

Maoniuping Mine, Mianning County, Liangshan Yi, Sichuan, China

Wulfenite, etc.

Maoniuping Mine, Mianning County, Liangshan Yi, Sichuan, China

Type:

Mine

Mindat Locality ID:

73232

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:73232:4

GUID (UUID V4):

Other Languages:

Simplified Chinese:

牦牛坪稀土矿, 冕宁县, 凉山彝族自治州, 四川省, 中国

China's second largest REE deposit (originally started as a molybdenum mine), with proven reserves of 0.4 million tonnes of ore grading at 2% LREE oxides. The deposit consists of bastnäsite-baryte-carbonate veins, which are associated with nordmarkite and hosted in a Himalayan alkalic carbonatite-syenite complex (K-Ar ages of arfvedsonites and biotites: 27.8-40.3 Ma).

Located within the Panzhihua-Xichang ("Pan-Xi") rift, a N-S trending major regional pull-apart graben structure developed during the late Paleozoic.

The mineral paragenetic sequence of chevkinite, allanite, and bastnäsite in the Maoniuping mining area comprehensively records the transition of the overall environment from high-temperature, low-oxygen fugacity conditions to low-temperature, highoxygen fugacity conditions in the magmatic–hydrothermal system. Oxygen fugacity plays a significant indicative role in the selective enrichment of REEs. Under low-oxygen fugacity conditions, rare-earth minerals are more prone to enrich Ce, Pr, and Nd, whereas high-oxygen fugacity environments favor the enrichment of La. Under low-temperature, high-oxygen fugacity conditions, LREEs exhibit a clear preference for selective enrichment in bastnäsite, which is more conducive to the formation of large-scale mineralization. The results reveal a crystallization sequence of chevkinite → allanite → bastnäsite, accompanied by a progressive decrease in the content of Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Sr, and Ba. This trend indicates continuous magmatic–hydrothermal evolution of the ore-forming fluids. REE enrichment exhibits distinct stages: early-stage enrichment of HREE, mid-stage enrichment of Ce, Pr, and Nd, and late-stage dominance of La. For chevkinite (δCe = 0.98–1.11, avg. 1.05; δEu = 0.75–0.87, avg. 0.82) and bastnäsite (δCe = 0.81– 1.15, avg. 0.88; δEu = 0.58–0.79, avg. 0.66), the evolution process of the continuous increase in oxygen fugacity within the metallogenic system is recorded.

Maoniuping (3.17 Mt REO at 2.95 wt%) formed between 26–28 Ma. The main exposed lithologies at Maoniuping are a Neoproterozoic composite alkaline granite batholith together with a rhyolitic volcanic succession.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.

ⓘ Rare Earths

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

ⓘ var. Strontium-bearing Baryte

ⓘ var. Barium-bearing Celestine

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'

ⓘ Fluornatropyrochlore

ⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore (TL)

ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite

ⓘ Magnetite

ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides'

ⓘ Maoniupingite-(Ce) (TL)

ⓘ var. Tin-bearing Copper

ⓘ var. Manganese-bearing Pectolite

ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup'

ⓘ 'var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)'

ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite

59 valid minerals. 2 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Acanthite

Formula: Ag₂S

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

ⓘ Aegirine

Formula: NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

Jiuhua Xu, Yuling Xie, Jianping Li, and Zengqian Hou (2001): Progress in Natural Science 11(11), 833-837

Cheng Xu, Zhilong Huang, Liang Qi, Huayun Xiao, Wenbo Li, and Congqiang Liu (2001): Geology and Prospecting 37(5), 24-28

Weng, Q., Niu, H. C., Qu, P., Shan, Q., Li, N. B., & Yang, W. B. (2022). Mica compositional constraints on the petrogenesis and mineralization of the syenite–carbonatite complex in the Maoniuping REE deposit, SW China. Ore Geology Reviews, 145, 104917.

Ju, Nan; Yang, Gao; Zhao, Dongfang; Wu, Yue; Liu, Bo; Zhang, Pengge; Liu, Xin; Shi, Lu; Feng, Yuhui; Zhao, Zhonghai; et al. (2025) Geology, Mineralization and Development Potential of Rare and Uncommon Earth Ore Deposits in Southwest China. Minerals, 15 (5). doi:10.3390/min15050459

Jin, Yanan; Wang, Wei; He, Bin; Zhao, Zhi; Zhao, Ruiwei (2026) REE Enrichment Process in the Maoniuping Carbonatite-Related REE Deposits, Mianning, Sichuan: Genetic and Mineralogical Evidence. Minerals, 16 (3). doi:10.3390/min16030257

Chi, Zhe; Giuliani, Andrea; Tavazzani, Lorenzo; Ni, Pei (2026) Carbonatitic fluid infiltration and REE remobilization from magmatic calcite at the Maoniuping deposit, China: constraints from trace-element and Sr–Pb isotopic variations in mineralized and barren veins. Ore Geology Reviews, 196. p.107500. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107500

ⓘ Aegirine-augite

Formula: (Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

Cheng Xu, Zhilong Huang, Liang Qi, Huayun Xiao, Wenbo Li, and Congqiang Liu (2001): Geology and Prospecting 37(5), 24-28

Xiao, Xin; Zhou, Taofa; Shi, Ke; White, Noel C.; Fan, Yu; Wang, Fangyue; Chen, Xuefeng (2022) Trace elements and textures of scheelite in porphyry-skarn Cu-Au systems: The example of Dongguashan deposit, eastern China. Ore Geology Reviews, 149. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.105069

ⓘ Aenigmatite

Formula: Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ 'Aeschynite'

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase

Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]

References:

ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'

References:

ⓘ 'Allanite Group'

Formula: (A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

Formula: AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂

References:

ⓘ Anorthite

Formula: Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃A

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

Xie Yuling, Hou Zengqian, Xu Jiuhua, Yuan Zhongxin, Bai Ge, and Li Xiaoyu (2006): Science in China Series D 49(6), 597-603

ⓘ Arfvedsonite

Formula: NaNa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

ⓘ Augite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

ⓘ Baryte

Formula: BaSO₄

Colour: white

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

Cheng Xu, Zhilong Huang, Liang Qi, Huayun Xiao, Wenbo Li, and Congqiang Liu (2001): Geology and Prospecting 37(5), 24-28

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

Wilson, Wendell E., Origlieri, Marcus (2007) Red wulfenite from the Kuruktag Mountains, Xinjiang Uygur, China. The Mineralogical Record, 38 (1) 67-71

ⓘ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte

Formula: (Ba,Sr)SO₄

References:

Niu Hecai, Shan Qiang, Chen Xiaoming, and Zhang Haixiang (2003): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 46(Suppl.), 41-49.

ⓘ 'Bastnäsite'

Formula: (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F

References:

ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Formula: Ce(CO₃)F

References:

Yang, Z & Williams-Jones, A.E. 2000. Geological features of Maoniunping REE deposit, Sichuan, China. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 20, 28-34.

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

Wilson, Wendell E., Origlieri, Marcus (2007) Red wulfenite from the Kuruktag Mountains, Xinjiang Uygur, China. The Mineralogical Record, 38 (1) 67-71

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

ⓘ Bismuthinite

Formula: Bi₂S₃

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

ⓘ Britholite-(Ce)

Formula: (Ce,Ca)₅(SiO₄)₃OH

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ 'Britholite Group'

Formula: (REE,Ca)₅[(Si,P)O₄]₃X

References:

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

Cheng Xu, Zhilong Huang, Liang Qi, Huayun Xiao, Wenbo Li, and Congqiang Liu (2001): Geology and Prospecting 37(5), 24-28

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ Celestine

Formula: SrSO₄

References:

Xu Jiuhua, Xie Yuling, Li Jianping, and Hou Zengqian (2001): Progress in Natural Science 11(11), 833-837.

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ Celestine var. Barium-bearing Celestine

Formula: (Sr,Ba)SO₄

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)

Formula: Ce⁴⁺O₂

References:

Zhang Peishan, Yang Zhuming, Tao Kejie, and Yang Xueming (1996): "Mineralogy and Geology of Rare Earths in China", Science Press (Beijing), 226 pp.

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ Cerussite

Formula: PbCO₃

References:

Hou, Zengqian; Tian, Shihong; Xie, Yuling; Yang, Zhusen; Yuan, Zhongxin; Yin, Shuping; Yi, Longsheng; Fei, Hongcai; Zou, Tianren; Bai, Ge; et al. (2009) The Himalayan Mianning–Dechang REE belt associated with carbonatite–alkaline complexes, eastern Indo-Asian collision zone, SW China. Ore Geology Reviews, 36 (1). doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2009.03.001

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ Chevkinite-(Ce)

Formula: Ce₄(Ti,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)₅O₈(Si₂O₇)₂

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

Yang, Zhuming, Fleck, Michel, Smith, Martin, Tao, Kejie, Song, Renkui, Zhang, Peishan (2002) The crystal structure of natural Fe-rich chevkinite-(Ce) European Journal of Mineralogy, 14 (5) 969-975 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2002/0014-0969

ⓘ 'Chevkinite Group'

References:

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

References:

ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

References:

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'

References:

ⓘ 'Fergusonite'

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

ⓘ 'Fluocerite'

References:

Xu Jiuhua, Xie Yuling, Li Jianping, and Hou Zengqian (2001): Progress in Natural Science 11(11), 833-837.

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF₂

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

Cheng Xu, Zhilong Huang, Liang Qi, Huayun Xiao, Wenbo Li, and Congqiang Liu (2001): Geology and Prospecting 37(5), 24-28

Xu, C., and Huang, Z.-L. (2003): Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Supplement 67(18), 540

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ Fluornatropyrochlore

Formula: (Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)₂Nb₂O₆F

References:

Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2013) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2013. CNMNC Newsletter No.17. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (7) 2997-3005 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.7.09

ⓘ Fluorophlogopite

Formula: KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂

References:

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ Gypsum

Formula: CaSO₄ · 2H₂O

References:

Xu Jiuhua, Xie Yuling, Li Jianping, and Hou Zengqian (2001): Progress in Natural Science 11(11), 833-837.

ⓘ Halite

Formula: NaCl

References:

Xu Jiuhua, Xie Yuling, Li Jianping, and Hou Zengqian (2001): Progress in Natural Science 11(11), 833-837.

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

ⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore (TL)

Formula: (Ca,Na,U,◻)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)

Type Locality:

References:

Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2011) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2011, CNMNC Newsletter No. 10. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (5) 2549-2561 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.5.2549

Yang, Guangming, Li, Guowu, Xiong, Ming, Pan, Baoming, Yan, Chenjie (2014) Hydroxycalciopyrochlore, A New Mineral Species from Sichuan, China. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 88 (3) 748-753 doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12235

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

References:

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)

Formula: Ca₂Y₂(SiO₃)₄(CO₃) · H₂O

References:

Denghong Wang, Yuchuan Chen, Jue Xu, Jianmin Yang, Chunji Xue, and Shenghao Yan (2000): Acta Geologica Sinica 74(3), 478-484.

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

References:

ⓘ 'Limonite'

References:

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite

Formula: ◻Na₂(Mg₃Fe³⁺₂)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

References:

Denghong Wang, Yuchuan Chen, Jue Xu, Jianmin Yang, Chunji Xue, and Shenghao Yan (2000): Acta Geologica Sinica 74(3), 478-484.

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides'

References:

ⓘ Maoniupingite-(Ce) (TL)

Formula: (Ce,Ca)₄(Fe³⁺,Ti,Fe²⁺,◻)(Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈

Type Locality:

References:

Shen, G.-F., Yang, G., Xu, J. (2005) Maoniupingite-(Ce): a new rare-earth mineral from the Maoniuping rare-earth deposit in Mianning, Sichuan. Chenji yu Tetisi Dizhi (Sedimentary and Tethyan Geology), 25(1-2): 210-216.

Wilson, Wendell E., Origlieri, Marcus (2007) Red wulfenite from the Kuruktag Mountains, Xinjiang Uygur, China. The Mineralogical Record, 38 (1) 67-71

ⓘ Massicot

Formula: PbO

References:

ⓘ Microcline

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

ⓘ 'Microperthite'

References:

ⓘ Molybdenite

Formula: MoS₂

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

ⓘ 'Monazite Group'

Formula: REE(PO₄)

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Native Copper

Formula: Cu

References:

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ Native Copper var. Tin-bearing Copper

Formula: (Cu,Sn)

References:

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ Native Iron

Formula: Fe

References:

ⓘ Nepheline

Formula: Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)

References:

ⓘ Orthoclase

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Xu Cheng, Huang Zhilong, Liu Congqiang, Qi Liang, Li Wenbo, and Guan Tao (2003): Geochemical Journal 37, 391-399

ⓘ 'Parisite'

Formula: Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂

References:

ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)

Formula: CaCe₂(CO₃)₃F₂

References:

Dawei Meng, Xiuling Wu, Tao Mu, and Douxing Li (2001): Canadian Mineralogist 39, 1713-1724.

ⓘ Pectolite

Formula: NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ Pectolite var. Manganese-bearing Pectolite

Formula: Na(Ca,Mn)₂Si₃O₈(OH)

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ Phlogopite

Formula: KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈

References:

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'

Formula: A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup'

Formula: A_2-mD₂X_6-wZ_1-n

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)'

Formula: (Ca,Na,U)₂(Ti, Nb,Ta)₂O₆Z(OH)

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

Xu, C., Huang, Z.-L., Liu, C.-Q., Li, W.-B., and Guan, T. (2003): International Geology Review, 45(7), 635-645

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ Riebeckite

Formula: ◻Na₂(Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

ⓘ Röntgenite-(Ce)

Formula: Ca₂(Ce,La)₃(CO₃)₅F₃

References:

Anthony, J.W. et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

References:

ⓘ Samarskite-(Y)

Formula: YFe³⁺Nb₂O₈

References:

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

ⓘ Strontianite

Formula: SrCO₃

References:

Xu Jiuhua, Xie Yuling, Li Jianping, and Hou Zengqian (2001): Progress in Natural Science 11(11), 833-837.

ⓘ 'Synchysite'

Formula: Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)₂F

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Yang, Z., Smith, M.P., Henderson, P., Le Bas, M.J., Tao, K., Zhang, P. (2000) Compositional variation of the bastnaesite-synchysite polysomatic series from the Maoniuping REE deposit, Southwest China. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 2000 (10): 466-480.

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite

Formula: KMg₃(Si₃Fe³⁺)O₁₀(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Thorite

Formula: Th(SiO₄)

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite

Formula: (Th,U)SiO₄

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTiO(SiO₄)

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

ⓘ 'Tongxinite'

Formula: Cu₂Zn

References:

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Xiaoyu Li (2005): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 35(6), 572-577

ⓘ Witherite

Formula: BaCO₃

References:

ⓘ Wulfenite

Formula: Pb(MoO₄)

Colour: yellow to red

References:

Liu, G. (2006) Fine Minerals of China. AAA Minerals Ag, Zug, Switzerland.

Wilson, Wendell E., Origlieri, Marcus (2007) Red wulfenite from the Kuruktag Mountains, Xinjiang Uygur, China. The Mineralogical Record, 38 (1) 67-71

ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)

Formula: Y(PO₄)

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48

ⓘ Zoisite

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991): Geology and Prospecting 27(5), 18-23

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Copper	1.AA.05	Cu
ⓘ	var. Tin-bearing Copper	1.AA.05	(Cu,Sn)
ⓘ	'Tongxinite'	1.AB.10b	Cu₂Zn
ⓘ	Native Iron	1.AE.05	Fe
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Acanthite	2.BA.35	Ag₂S
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Bismuthinite	2.DB.05	Bi₂S₃
ⓘ	Molybdenite	2.EA.30	MoS₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Halite	3.AA.20	NaCl
ⓘ	Fluorite	3.AB.25	CaF₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	'Pyrochlore Group'	4.00.	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
ⓘ	Massicot	4.AC.25	PbO
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Hematite var. Specularite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Samarskite-(Y)	4.DB.25	YFe³⁺Nb₂O₈
ⓘ	Fluornatropyrochlore	4.DH.	(Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)₂Nb₂O₆F
ⓘ	Hydroxycalciopyrochlore (TL)	4.DH.15	(Ca,Na,U,◻)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)
ⓘ	Cerianite-(Ce)	4.DL.05	Ce⁴⁺O₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Cerussite	5.AB.15	PbCO₃
ⓘ	Strontianite	5.AB.15	SrCO₃
ⓘ	Witherite	5.AB.15	BaCO₃
ⓘ	Bastnäsite-(Ce)	5.BD.20a	Ce(CO₃)F
ⓘ	Parisite-(Ce)	5.BD.20b	CaCe₂(CO₃)₃F₂
ⓘ	Röntgenite-(Ce)	5.BD.20d	Ca₂(Ce,La)₃(CO₃)₅F₃
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Celestine var. Barium-bearing Celestine	7.AD.35	(Sr,Ba)SO₄
ⓘ	Baryte	7.AD.35	BaSO₄
ⓘ	Celestine	7.AD.35	SrSO₄
ⓘ	Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte	7.AD.35	(Ba,Sr)SO₄
ⓘ	Gypsum	7.CD.40	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Wulfenite	7.GA.05	Pb(MoO₄)
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Xenotime-(Y)	8.AD.35	Y(PO₄)
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Thorite	9.AD.30	Th(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Thorite var. Uranothorite	9.AD.30	(Th,U)SiO₄
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTiO(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Britholite-(Ce)	9.AH.25	(Ce,Ca)₅(SiO₄)₃OH
ⓘ	Chevkinite-(Ce)	9.BE.70	Ce₄(Ti,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)₅O₈(Si₂O₇)₂
ⓘ	Maoniupingite-(Ce) (TL)	9.BE.70	(Ce,Ca)₄(Fe³⁺,Ti,Fe²⁺,◻)(Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Zoisite	9.BG.10	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Kainosite-(Y)	9.CF.10	Ca₂Y₂(SiO₃)₄(CO₃) · H₂O
ⓘ	Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Aegirine-augite	9.DA.20	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Aegirine	9.DA.25	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Arfvedsonite	9.DE.25	NaNa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Magnesio-riebeckite	9.DE.25	◻Na₂(Mg₃Fe³⁺₂)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Riebeckite	9.DE.25	◻Na₂(Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Pectolite	9.DG.05	NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)
ⓘ	var. Manganese-bearing Pectolite	9.DG.05	Na(Ca,Mn)₂Si₃O₈(OH)
ⓘ	Aenigmatite	9.DH.40	Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	var. Sericite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Phlogopite	9.EC.20	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Tetraferriphlogopite	9.EC.20	KMg₃(Si₃Fe³⁺)O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Fluorophlogopite	9.EC.20	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
ⓘ	Nepheline	9.FA.05	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
ⓘ	Microcline	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Orthoclase	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Anorthite	9.FA.35	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
ⓘ	Albite var. Oligoclase	9.FA.35	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Aeschynite'	-
ⓘ	'Alkali Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Amphibole Supergroup'	-	AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂
ⓘ	'Bastnäsite'	-	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
ⓘ	'Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)'	-	(Ca,Na,U)₂(Ti, Nb,Ta)₂O₆Z(OH)
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Fluocerite'	-
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-
ⓘ	'Monazite Group'	-	REE(PO₄)
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'	-
ⓘ	'Parisite'	-	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
ⓘ	'Synchysite'	-	Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)₂F
ⓘ	'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'	-
ⓘ	'Plagioclase'	-	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Garnet Group'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	'Fergusonite'	-
ⓘ	'Manganese Oxides'	-
ⓘ	'Microperthite'	-
ⓘ	'Pyrochlore Supergroup'	-	A_2-mD₂X_6-wZ_1-n
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
ⓘ	'Britholite Group'	-	(REE,Ca)₅[(Si,P)O₄]₃X
ⓘ	'Chevkinite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Allanite Group'	-	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,Na,U)₂(Ti, Nb,Ta)₂O₆Z(OH)
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Britholite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₅(SiO₄)₃OH
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)	Ca₂Y₂(SiO₃)₄(CO₃) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite	◻Na₂(Mg₃Fe₂³⁺)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Pectolite	NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)
H	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
H	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Fe³⁺)O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Zoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Pectolite var. Manganese-bearing Pectolite	Na(Ca,Mn)₂Si₃O₈(OH)
H	ⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore	(Ca,Na,U,◻)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)
H	ⓘ Allanite Group	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)	Ce(CO₃)F
C	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
C	ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)	Ca₂Y₂(SiO₃)₄(CO₃) · H₂O
C	ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)	CaCe₂(CO₃)₃F₂
C	ⓘ Röntgenite-(Ce)	Ca₂(Ce,La)₃(CO₃)₅F₃
C	ⓘ Strontianite	SrCO₃
C	ⓘ Witherite	BaCO₃
C	ⓘ Parisite	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂
O	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
O	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Celestine var. Barium-bearing Celestine	(Sr,Ba)SO₄
O	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
O	ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)	Ce(CO₃)F
O	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
O	ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,Na,U)₂(Ti, Nb,Ta)₂O₆Z(OH)
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Britholite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₅(SiO₄)₃OH
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Celestine	SrSO₄
O	ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)	Ce⁴⁺O₂
O	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)	Ca₂Y₂(SiO₃)₄(CO₃) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite	◻Na₂(Mg₃Fe₂³⁺)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Massicot	PbO
O	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Monazite Group	REE(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
O	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)	CaCe₂(CO₃)₃F₂
O	ⓘ Pectolite	NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)
O	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Röntgenite-(Ce)	Ca₂(Ce,La)₃(CO₃)₅F₃
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Samarskite-(Y)	YFe³⁺Nb₂O₈
O	ⓘ Strontianite	SrCO₃
O	ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Fe³⁺)O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Witherite	BaCO₃
O	ⓘ Wulfenite	Pb(MoO₄)
O	ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)	Y(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Zoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Chevkinite-(Ce)	Ce₄(Ti,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)₅O₈(Si₂O₇)₂
O	ⓘ Parisite	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
O	ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite	(Th,U)SiO₄
O	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
O	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Pectolite var. Manganese-bearing Pectolite	Na(Ca,Mn)₂Si₃O₈(OH)
O	ⓘ Maoniupingite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₄(Fe³⁺,Ti,Fe²⁺,◻)(Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈
O	ⓘ Fluorophlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
O	ⓘ Britholite Group	(REE,Ca)₅[(Si,P)O₄]₃X
O	ⓘ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte	(Ba,Sr)SO₄
O	ⓘ Fluornatropyrochlore	(Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)₂Nb₂O₆F
O	ⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore	(Ca,Na,U,◻)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)
O	ⓘ Allanite Group	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)	Ce(CO₃)F
F	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
F	ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)	CaCe₂(CO₃)₃F₂
F	ⓘ Röntgenite-(Ce)	Ca₂(Ce,La)₃(CO₃)₅F₃
F	ⓘ Parisite	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
F	ⓘ Fluorophlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
F	ⓘ Fluornatropyrochlore	(Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)₂Nb₂O₆F
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,Na,U)₂(Ti, Nb,Ta)₂O₆Z(OH)
Na	ⓘ Halite	NaCl
Na	ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite	◻Na₂(Mg₃Fe₂³⁺)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Pectolite	NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)
Na	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Na	ⓘ Pectolite var. Manganese-bearing Pectolite	Na(Ca,Mn)₂Si₃O₈(OH)
Na	ⓘ Fluornatropyrochlore	(Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)₂Nb₂O₆F
Na	ⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore	(Ca,Na,U,◻)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite	◻Na₂(Mg₃Fe₂³⁺)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Fe³⁺)O₁₀(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Fluorophlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Zoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Al	ⓘ Fluorophlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Si	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Britholite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₅(SiO₄)₃OH
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)	Ca₂Y₂(SiO₃)₄(CO₃) · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite	◻Na₂(Mg₃Fe₂³⁺)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Pectolite	NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)
Si	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Fe³⁺)O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Zoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Chevkinite-(Ce)	Ce₄(Ti,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)₅O₈(Si₂O₇)₂
Si	ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite	(Th,U)SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Pectolite var. Manganese-bearing Pectolite	Na(Ca,Mn)₂Si₃O₈(OH)
Si	ⓘ Maoniupingite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₄(Fe³⁺,Ti,Fe²⁺,◻)(Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈
Si	ⓘ Fluorophlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
Si	ⓘ Britholite Group	(REE,Ca)₅[(Si,P)O₄]₃X
Si	ⓘ Allanite Group	(A1²⁺REE³⁺)(M1³⁺M2³⁺M3²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Monazite Group	REE(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)	Y(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
P	ⓘ Britholite Group	(REE,Ca)₅[(Si,P)O₄]₃X
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Acanthite	Ag₂S
S	ⓘ Celestine var. Barium-bearing Celestine	(Sr,Ba)SO₄
S	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
S	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
S	ⓘ Celestine	SrSO₄
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte	(Ba,Sr)SO₄
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Halite	NaCl
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
K	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Fe³⁺)O₁₀(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Fluorophlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Ca	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,Na,U)₂(Ti, Nb,Ta)₂O₆Z(OH)
Ca	ⓘ Britholite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₅(SiO₄)₃OH
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
Ca	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)	Ca₂Y₂(SiO₃)₄(CO₃) · H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)	CaCe₂(CO₃)₃F₂
Ca	ⓘ Pectolite	NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)
Ca	ⓘ Röntgenite-(Ce)	Ca₂(Ce,La)₃(CO₃)₅F₃
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Ca	ⓘ Zoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Parisite	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
Ca	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Ca	ⓘ Pectolite var. Manganese-bearing Pectolite	Na(Ca,Mn)₂Si₃O₈(OH)
Ca	ⓘ Maoniupingite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₄(Fe³⁺,Ti,Fe²⁺,◻)(Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
Ca	ⓘ Britholite Group	(REE,Ca)₅[(Si,P)O₄]₃X
Ca	ⓘ Fluornatropyrochlore	(Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)₂Nb₂O₆F
Ca	ⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore	(Ca,Na,U,◻)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Ti	ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,Na,U)₂(Ti, Nb,Ta)₂O₆Z(OH)
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Ti	ⓘ Chevkinite-(Ce)	Ce₄(Ti,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)₅O₈(Si₂O₇)₂
Ti	ⓘ Maoniupingite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₄(Fe³⁺,Ti,Fe²⁺,◻)(Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈
Ti	ⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore	(Ca,Na,U,◻)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Mn	ⓘ Pectolite var. Manganese-bearing Pectolite	Na(Ca,Mn)₂Si₃O₈(OH)
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Fe	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Native Iron	Fe
Fe	ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite	◻Na₂(Mg₃Fe₂³⁺)(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Samarskite-(Y)	YFe³⁺Nb₂O₈
Fe	ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Fe³⁺)O₁₀(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Chevkinite-(Ce)	Ce₄(Ti,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)₅O₈(Si₂O₇)₂
Fe	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Fe	ⓘ Maoniupingite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₄(Fe³⁺,Ti,Fe²⁺,◻)(Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Native Copper	Cu
Cu	ⓘ Tongxinite	Cu₂Zn
Cu	ⓘ Native Copper var. Tin-bearing Copper	(Cu,Sn)
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Zn	ⓘ Tongxinite	Cu₂Zn
Sr	Strontium
Sr	ⓘ Celestine var. Barium-bearing Celestine	(Sr,Ba)SO₄
Sr	ⓘ Celestine	SrSO₄
Sr	ⓘ Strontianite	SrCO₃
Sr	ⓘ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte	(Ba,Sr)SO₄
Y	Yttrium
Y	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
Y	ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)	Ca₂Y₂(SiO₃)₄(CO₃) · H₂O
Y	ⓘ Samarskite-(Y)	YFe³⁺Nb₂O₈
Y	ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)	Y(PO₄)
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Nb	Niobium
Nb	ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,Na,U)₂(Ti, Nb,Ta)₂O₆Z(OH)
Nb	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
Nb	ⓘ Samarskite-(Y)	YFe³⁺Nb₂O₈
Nb	ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Nb	ⓘ Maoniupingite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₄(Fe³⁺,Ti,Fe²⁺,◻)(Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈
Nb	ⓘ Fluornatropyrochlore	(Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)₂Nb₂O₆F
Nb	ⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore	(Ca,Na,U,◻)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)
Mo	Molybdenum
Mo	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
Mo	ⓘ Wulfenite	Pb(MoO₄)
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Acanthite	Ag₂S
Sn	Tin
Sn	ⓘ Native Copper var. Tin-bearing Copper	(Cu,Sn)
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Celestine var. Barium-bearing Celestine	(Sr,Ba)SO₄
Ba	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
Ba	ⓘ Witherite	BaCO₃
Ba	ⓘ Baryte var. Strontium-bearing Baryte	(Ba,Sr)SO₄
La	Lanthanum
La	ⓘ Röntgenite-(Ce)	Ca₂(Ce,La)₃(CO₃)₅F₃
La	ⓘ Parisite	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
Ce	Cerium
Ce	ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)	Ce(CO₃)F
Ce	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
Ce	ⓘ Britholite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₅(SiO₄)₃OH
Ce	ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)	Ce⁴⁺O₂
Ce	ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)	CaCe₂(CO₃)₃F₂
Ce	ⓘ Röntgenite-(Ce)	Ca₂(Ce,La)₃(CO₃)₅F₃
Ce	ⓘ Chevkinite-(Ce)	Ce₄(Ti,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)₅O₈(Si₂O₇)₂
Ce	ⓘ Parisite	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
Ce	ⓘ Maoniupingite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₄(Fe³⁺,Ti,Fe²⁺,◻)(Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈
Nd	Neodymium
Nd	ⓘ Bastnäsite	(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)F
Nd	ⓘ Parisite	Ca(Ce/La/Nd/REE)₂(CO₃)₃F₂
Ta	Tantalum
Ta	ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,Na,U)₂(Ti, Nb,Ta)₂O₆Z(OH)
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Pb	ⓘ Massicot	PbO
Pb	ⓘ Wulfenite	Pb(MoO₄)
Pb	ⓘ Fluornatropyrochlore	(Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)₂Nb₂O₆F
Bi	Bismuth
Bi	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
Th	Thorium
Th	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
Th	ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite	(Th,U)SiO₄
U	Uranium
U	ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)	(Ca,Na,U)₂(Ti, Nb,Ta)₂O₆Z(OH)
U	ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite	(Th,U)SiO₄
U	ⓘ Fluornatropyrochlore	(Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)₂Nb₂O₆F
U	ⓘ Hydroxycalciopyrochlore	(Ca,Na,U,◻)₂(Nb,Ti)₂O₆(OH)

Fossils

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Localities in this Region

China

Sichuan
- Liangshan Yi
  - Mianning County
    - Maoniuping Mine
      - Dagudao pit
      - Guangtoushan pit

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

www.terrapub.co.jp (n.d.) http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/GJ/pdf/3703/37030391.pdf

www.terrapub.co.jp (n.d.) http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/GJ/pdf/3801/38010067.pdf

Congde Chen, Guangping Pu (1991) Geological features and genesis of the Maoniuping rare earth element deposit, Sichuan. Geology and Prospecting: 27(5): 18-23.

Yuan, Z., Shi, Z., Chi, R. (1995) The Maoniuping Rare Earth Deposit, Sichuan, China. Beijing Earthquake Press, Beijing: 14-40.

Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai (1997) Distribution of alkaline intrusive rocks and related metallic ore deposits of China. Geology and Prospecting: 33(1): 42-48 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Cheng Xu, Zhilong Huang, Liang Qi, Huayun Xiao, Wenbo Li, Congqiang Liu (2001) Source and evolution of ore-forming fluids of Maoniuping rare earth deposit - evidence from REE geochemistry of fluorites. Geology and Prospecting: 37(5): 24-28.

Wang, D., Yang, J., Yan, S., Xu, J., Chen, Y., Pu, G., Luo, Y. (2001) A special orogenic-type rare earth element deposit in Maoniuping, Sichuan, China: geology and geochemistry. Resource Geology: 51(3): 177-188.

Jiuhua Xu, Yuling Xie, Jianping Li, Zengqian Hou (2001) Discovery of Sr-bearing and LREE daughter minerals in fluid inclusions of Maoniuping REE deposit, Sichuan Province. Progress in Natural Science: 11(11): 833-837.

Dawei Meng, Xiuling Wu, Tao Mu, Douxing Li (2001) Microstructural investigation of new polytypes of Parisite-(Ce) by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The Canadian Mineralogist: 39: 1713-1724.

Zhuming, Y. (2002) Composition of Ca-REE Fluorocarbonate Minerals in Maoniuping and Implications to Their Genesis. Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society: 20(1): 61-67.

Orris, Greta J., Grauch, Richard I. (2002) Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences. Open-File Report 2002-189. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02189

Wang, D.H., Yang, J.M., Yan, S.H. (2002) Dynamics of the REE mineralization in Maoniuping area, Sichuan Province: Isotopic geochemistry of carbonatites. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology: 29(5): 539-544.

Xu, C., Huang, Z.-L. (2003) Origin of PGE in fluorites from Maoniuping REE Deposit, Sichuan Province China. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Supplement: 67(18): 540.

Xu, C., Huang, Z.-L., Liu, C.-Q., Li, W.-B., Guan, T. (2003) Sources of Ore-Forming Fluids in the Maoniuping REE Deposit, Sichuan Province, China: Evidence from REE, Radiogenic Sr, Nd, and Stable-Isotope Studies. International Geology Review: 45(7): 635-645.

Xu Cheng, Huang Zhilong, Liu Congqiang, Qi Liang, Li Wenbo, Guan Tao (2003) PGE geochemistry of carbonatites in Maoniuping REE deposit, Sichuan Province, China: Preliminary study. Geochemical Journal: 37: 391-399.

Niu Hecai, Shan Qiang, Chen Xiaoming, Zhang Haixiang (2003) Relationship between light rare earth deposits and mantle processes in Panxi rift, China. Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences): 46 (Supplement): 41-49.

Xu, Cheng, Zhang, Huan, Liu, Congqiang, Qi, Liang, Li, Wenbo, Guan, Tao (2004) Genesis of the carbonatite-syenite complex and REE deposit at Maoniuping, Sichuan Province, China: Evidence from Pb isotope geochemistry. GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, 38 (1) 67-76 doi:10.2343/geochemj.38.67

Yuling Xie, Zengqian Hou, Jiuhua Xu, Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, Xiaoyu Li (2005) Discovery of copper-zinc and copper-tin alloy minerals in the Mianning-Dechang rare earth mineralization belt of Sichuan Province and its implications. Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences): 35(6): 572-577 (in Chinese).

Liu, G. (2006) Fine Minerals of China. AAA Minerals Ag, Zug, Switzerland.

Huang, Z.L., Yan, Z.F., Xu, C., Zhang, Z.L., Liu, C.Q. (2006) Mineralization by mantle fluids in the Miaoniuping REE deposit, Sichuan Province, China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration: 89(1-3): 165-169.

Xie, Y., Hou, Z., Xu, J., Yuan, Z., Bai, G., Li, X. (2006) Discovery of Cu-Zn, Cu-Sn intermetallic minerals and its significance for genesis of the Mianning-Dechang REE Metallogenic Belt, Sichuan Province, China. Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences): 49 (6): 597-603.

Wilson, Wendell E., Origlieri, Marcus (2007) Red wulfenite from the Kuruktag Mountains, Xinjiang Uygur, China. The Mineralogical Record, 38 (1) 67-71

[1]Jin, Yanan; Wang, Wei; He, Bin; Zhao, Zhi; Zhao, Ruiwei (2026) REE Enrichment Process in the Maoniuping Carbonatite-Related REE Deposits, Mianning, Sichuan: Genetic and Mineralogical Evidence. Minerals, 16 (3). doi:10.3390/min16030257

[2]Chi, Zhe; Giuliani, Andrea; Tavazzani, Lorenzo; Ni, Pei (2026) Carbonatitic fluid infiltration and REE remobilization from magmatic calcite at the Maoniuping deposit, China: constraints from trace-element and Sr–Pb isotopic variations in mineralized and barren veins. Ore Geology Reviews, 196. p.107500. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2026.107500

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Maoniuping Mine, Mianning County, Liangshan Yi, Sichuan, China i
Regional Level Types
Maoniuping Mine Mine
Mianning County County
Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture
Sichuan Province
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