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Maghemite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Maghemite (35)Discuss Maghemite

Maghemite Gallery Search Photos of Maghemite

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Maghemite

Ampasibitika, Antsirabe, Ambanja District, Diana, Madagascar

Maghemite, etc.

Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex, Shara Hulasa Hiid, Mandal-Ovoo District, Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia

Maghemite, etc.

Michelsberg Quarry, Katzenbuckel, Waldkatzenbach, Waldbrunn, Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis, Karlsruhe Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Maghemite

Ampasibitika, Antsirabe, Ambanja District, Diana, Madagascar

Maghemite, etc.

Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex, Shara Hulasa Hiid, Mandal-Ovoo District, Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia

Maghemite, etc.

Michelsberg Quarry, Katzenbuckel, Waldkatzenbach, Waldbrunn, Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis, Karlsruhe Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Maghemite

Ampasibitika, Antsirabe, Ambanja District, Diana, Madagascar

Maghemite, etc.

Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex, Shara Hulasa Hiid, Mandal-Ovoo District, Ömnögovi Province, Mongolia

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About MaghemiteHide

Formula:

(Fe³⁺_0.67◻_0.33)Fe³⁺₂O₄

Formerly given as Fe₂O₃.

Colour:

Brown, brick-red

Lustre:

Dull

Hardness:

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Spinel Subgroup > Oxyspinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Name:

From the first syllables of MAGnetite and HEMatite, in allusion to the magnetism and composition.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Bushveld Complex, South Africa

A ferrimagnetic iron oxide (which may therefore be confused with magnetite).

Maghemite is formed by weathering or low-temperature oxidation of spinels containing ferrous iron, commonly magnetite or titanian magnetite. It is a widespread yellow pigment in continental sediments, rocks, and soils.

Structurally, the Fe-analogue of Unnamed (gamma-alumina) (γ-Al₂O₃).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2533

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2533:7

Similar NamesHide

Magnetite	A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Magnéliite	A valid IMA mineral species	Ti₂³⁺Ti₂⁴⁺O₇

IMA Classification of MaghemiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA status notes:

Redefined by the IMA

Approval history:

2018: Redefined as (Fe³⁺_0.67◻_0.33)Fe³⁺₂O₄, which better reflects its relation to the spinel supergroup. (Bosi et al., 2019).

Classification of MaghemiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

4.BB.15

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations

Dana 8th ed.:

4.3.7.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A₂X₃

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.20.3

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Mgh	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Mgh	Kretz (1983)	Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
Mgh	Siivolam & Schmid (2007)	Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
Mgh	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
Mgh	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of MaghemiteHide

Lustre:

Dull

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Brown, brick-red

Streak:

Brown

Hardness:

6 on Mohs scale

Optical Data of MaghemiteHide

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)
400nm	31.5%
420nm	30.2%
440nm	28.5%
460nm	27.6%
480nm	26.6%
500nm	26.0%
520nm	25.5%
540nm	24.8%
560nm	24.0%
580nm	23.2%
600nm	22.4%
620nm	22.0%
640nm	21.6%
660nm	21.2%
680nm	20.8%
700nm	20.4%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 31.5%.

Colour in reflected light:

White to greyish blue

Chemistry of MaghemiteHide

Mindat Formula:

(Fe³⁺_0.67◻_0.33)Fe³⁺₂O₄

Formerly given as Fe₂O₃.

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Fe	63.573 %
O	36.427 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Fe, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of MaghemiteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

432 - Gyroidal

Space Group:

P4₁32

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.3515 Å

Unit Cell V:

582.50 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Commonly as coatings on or replacements of magnetite; massive; rarely as minute octahedral crystals, or acicular overgrowths.

Comment:

Cubic (P4132 or P4332), typically with a tetragonal supercell (P41 or P43, a = 8.35, c = 24.99 A).).

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0020517	Maghemite	Solano E, Frontera C, Puig T, Obradors X, Ricart S, Ros J (2014) Neutron and X-ray diffraction study of ferrite nanocrystals obtained by microwave-assisted growth. A structural comparison with the thermal synthetic route Journal of Applied Crystallography 47 414-420	2014	Synthetic	293
0020585	Maghemite	Jorgensen J E, Mosegaard L, Thomsen L E, Jensen T R, Hanson J C (2007) Formation of gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and vacancy ordering: an in situ X-ray powder diffraction study Journal of Solid State Chemistry 180 180-185	2007	Synthetic	293
0020519	Maghemite	Shin HS (1998) A study on the structure of maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) I. Rietveld analysis of powder XRD patterns Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 35 1113-1119	1998	Synthetic	293
0020518	Maghemite	Shin HS (1998) A study on the structure of maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) I. Rietveld analysis of powder XRD patterns Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 35 1113-1119	1998	Synthetic	293
0020516	Maghemite	Shmakov A N, Kryukova G N, Tsybulya S V, Chuvilin A L, Solovyeva L P (1995) Vacancy ordering in gamma-Fe2O3: synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction and high- resolution electron microscopy studies Journal of Applied Crystallography 28 141-145	1995	Synthetic	293
0013508	Maghemite	Greaves C (1983) A powder neutron diffraction investigation of vacancy ordering and covalence in gamma-Fe2O3 Journal of Solid State Chemistry 49 325-333	1983	synthetic	293
0020515	Maghemite	Sinha K P, Sinha A P B (1957) Ein Fehlstellenuberstruktur - Modell fur gamma-Fe2O3 Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 293 228-232	1957	Synthetic	293
0007900	Maghemite	Pecharroman C, Gonzalez-Carreno T, Iglesias J E (1995) The infrared dielectric properties of maghemite, gamma-Fe2O3, from reflectance measurement on pressed powders or both Fe-oct 6-7 have zero occupancy Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 22 21-29	1995		293
0007899	Maghemite	Pecharroman C, Gonzalez-Carreno T, Iglesias J E (1995) The infrared dielectric properties of maghemite, gamma-Fe2O3, from reflectance measurement on pressed powders Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 22 21-29	1995		293
0007898	Maghemite	Pecharroman C, Gonzalez-Carreno T, Iglesias J E (1995) The infrared dielectric properties of maghemite, gamma-Fe2O3, from reflectance measurement on pressed powders Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 22 21-29	1995		293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Maghemite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Solano E'
'Frontera C'
'Puig T'
'Obradors X'
'Ricart S'
'Ros J'
_journal_name_full 'Journal of Applied Crystallography'
_journal_volume 47 
_journal_year 2014
_journal_page_first 414
_journal_page_last 420
_publ_section_title
;
 Neutron and X-ray diffraction study of ferrite nanocrystals obtained by
 microwave-assisted growth. A structural comparison with the
 thermal synthetic route
;
_database_code_amcsd 0020517
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Fe2.645 O3.99'
_cell_length_a 8.3364
_cell_length_b 8.3364
_cell_length_c 8.3364
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 579.343
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.851
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 43 3 2'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-z,1/2+x,1/2-y'
  '-y,1/2+z,1/2-x'
  '-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '3/4-x,1/4+z,3/4+y'
  '3/4-z,1/4+y,3/4+x'
  '3/4-y,1/4+x,3/4+z'
  '1/4-x,1/4-z,1/4-y'
  '1/4-z,1/4-y,1/4-x'
  '1/4-y,1/4-x,1/4-z'
  '1/2-z,-x,1/2+y'
  '1/2-y,-z,1/2+x'
  '1/2-x,-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2+z,1/2-x,-y'
  '1/2+y,1/2-z,-x'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,-z'
  '3/4+x,3/4-z,1/4+y'
  '3/4+z,3/4-y,1/4+x'
  '3/4+y,3/4-x,1/4+z'
  '1/4+x,3/4+z,3/4-y'
  '1/4+z,3/4+y,3/4-x'
  '1/4+y,3/4+x,3/4-z'
  'z,x,y'
  'y,z,x'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
Fe1  -0.00440  -0.00440  -0.00440   1.00000
Fe2   0.62500   0.62500   0.62500   0.35000
Fe3   0.12500   0.36690   0.88310   0.98000
O1   0.38170   0.38170   0.38170   0.99000
O2   0.38170   0.87360   0.88190   1.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.953 Å	(35)
2.5177 Å	(100)
2.0886 Å	(16)
1.7045 Å	(10)
1.6073 Å	(24)
1.4758 Å	(34)
1.0872 Å	(7)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration	4.566-4.550
6 : Secondary asteroid phases	4.566-4.560
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere	>4.45
17 : Marine authigenic Hadean minerals (see also #24)
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals]
47i : [Terrestrial weathering of meteorites]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
48 : Soil leaching zone minerals	<0.6
49 : Oxic cellular biomineralization (see also #44)	<0.54
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals	<0.36
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals	<10 Ka
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56)

Type Occurrence of MaghemiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Bushveld Complex, South Africa

Synonyms of MaghemiteHide

Ferromagnetic ferric oxide

γ-Fe2O3

Oxymagnite

Sosmanite

Iron oxide (in part)

Other Language Names for MaghemiteHide

Dutch:Maghemiet

German:Maghemit

Italian:Maghemite

Japanese:磁赤鉄鉱

Russian:Маггемит

Simplified Chinese:磁赤铁矿

Spanish:Maghemita

Ukrainian:Маґгеміт

Varieties of MaghemiteHide

Alumomaghemite	Aluminian Maghemite
Hydromaghemite	Maghemite with adsorbed water.

Relationship of Maghemite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Spinel Subgroup > Oxyspinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Other Members of Spinel Subgroup:

Chihmingite	NiAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Cochromite	CoCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Coulsonite	Fe²⁺V³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Cuprospinel	Cu²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Dellagiustaite	V²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Deltalumite	(Al_0.67◻_0.33)Al₂O₄	Tet. 42m : P4m2
Franklinite	Zn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Gahnite	ZnAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Galaxite	Mn²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Guite	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂O₄	Iso.
Hausmannite	Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂O₄	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
Hercynite	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Hetaerolite	ZnMn₂O₄	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
Jacobsite	Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
'Jacobsite-Q'	Mn²⁺(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)₂O₄	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
Magnesiochromite	MgCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Magnesiocoulsonite	MgV₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
Magnesioferrite	MgFe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Manganochromite	Mn²⁺Cr₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
'Nichromite'	(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Spinel	MgAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Thermaerogenite	CuAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Titanomaghemite	(Ti⁴⁺_0.5◻_0.5)Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. 432 : P4₃32
Trevorite	Ni²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
'UM1994-06-O:AlCo'	CoAl₂O₄
Vuorelainenite	Mn²⁺V³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Zincochromite	ZnCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m

Forms a series with:

Magnetite

Kenomagnetite

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

9 photos of Maghemite associated with Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
5 photos of Maghemite associated with Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
4 photos of Maghemite associated with Magnesio-hastingsite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Fe³⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
4 photos of Maghemite associated with Hematite	Fe₂O₃
4 photos of Maghemite associated with Anatase	TiO₂
3 photos of Maghemite associated with Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
3 photos of Maghemite associated with Anhydrite	CaSO₄
2 photos of Maghemite associated with 'Chalcedony'	SiO₂
2 photos of Maghemite associated with Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
1 photo of Maghemite associated with Magnesio-hornblende	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.BB.	Chenmingite	FeCr₂O₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.	Thermaerogenite	CuAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.	Chukochenite	LiAl₅O₈	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
4.BB.	Elgoresyite	(Mg₅Si₂)O₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.BB.	Jianmuite	ZrTi⁴⁺Ti³⁺₅Al₃O₁₆	Tet. 4 : I4
4.BB.	Dellagiustaite	V²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.	Garpenbergite	Mn₆◻AsSbO₁₀(OH)₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
4.BB.	Magnéliite	Ti³⁺₂Ti⁴⁺₂O₇	Tric. 1 : P1
4.BB.05	Qandilite	(Mg,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Al)O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Filipstadite	(Fe³⁺_0.5Sb⁵⁺_0.5)Mn₂O₄	Iso.
4.BB.05	Jacobsite	Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Wernerkrauseite	Ca(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)₂Mn⁴⁺O₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.05	Harmunite	CaFe₂O₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcm
4.BB.05	Zincochromite	ZnCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Deltalumite	(Al_0.67◻_0.33)Al₂O₄	Tet. 42m : P4m2
4.BB.05	Franklinite	Zn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Cochromite	CoCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	'Nichromite'	(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Hercynite	Fe²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Gahnite	ZnAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Galaxite	Mn²⁺Al₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Guite	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂O₄	Iso.
4.BB.05	Coulsonite	Fe²⁺V³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Vuorelainenite	Mn²⁺V³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Spinel	MgAl₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Cuprospinel	Cu²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Manganochromite	Mn²⁺Cr₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Magnesiocoulsonite	MgV₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
4.BB.05	Trevorite	Ni²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Magnesiochromite	MgCr₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Magnesioferrite	MgFe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05	Ulvöspinel	TiFe²⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.10	Hausmannite	Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂O₄	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
4.BB.10	Hetaerolite	ZnMn₂O₄	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
4.BB.10	Manganostibite	(Mn,Fe)₇SbAsO₁₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
4.BB.15	Titanomaghemite	(Ti⁴⁺_0.5◻_0.5)Fe³⁺₂O₄	Iso. 432 : P4₃32
4.BB.20	Tegengrenite	(Mn³⁺_0.5Sb⁵⁺_0.5)Mg₂O₄	Trig. 3 : R3
4.BB.25	Xieite	Fe²⁺Cr₂O₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
4.BB.30	Carmeltazite	ZrAl₂Ti₄O₁₁	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.35	Feiite	Fe²⁺₂(Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺)O₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
4.BB.40	Maohokite	MgFe₂O₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.45	Tschaunerite	(Fe²⁺)(Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺)O₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm

Other InformationHide

Magnetism:

Ferrimagnetic

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Maghemite in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Metamorphic rock
- Impactite
  - Multiple impact impactite
    - Shock lithified impact regolith
      - Shock lithified impact regolith breccia
        Regolith breccia
        Martian basaltic breccia

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References for MaghemiteHide

Reference List:

Sosman and Posnjak (1925) Washington Academy of Science, Journal: 15: 329.

Wagner, Percy Albert (1927) Changes in the oxidation of iron in magnetite (discussion). Economic Geology, 22 (8). 845-846 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.22.8.845

Schneiderhöhn, Hans, Ramdohr, Paul (1931) Lehrbuch der Erzmikroskopie Vol. 2. Borntraeger.p.537

Winchell, A. N. (1931) Maghemite or oxymagnite? American Mineralogist, 16 (6). 270

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.708-709

Takeuchi, Tsunehiko, Nambu, Matsuo (1958) Maghemite from Takanokura Mine, Fukushima Prefecture. Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Japan, 3 (6) 486-491 doi:10.2465/gkk1952.3.486

Porath, H. (1968) Magnetic studies on specimens of intergrown maghemite and hematite. Journal of Geophysical Research, 73 (18) 5959-5965 doi:10.1029/jb073i018p05959

O'REILLY, W. (1968) Estimation of the Curie Temperatures of Maghemite and Oxidized Titanomagnetites. Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity, 20 (4). 381-386 doi:10.5636/jgg.20.381

Faniran, Adetoye (1970) Maghemite in the Sydney duricrusts. American Mineralogist, 55 (5-6) 925-933

Taylor, R. M.; Schwertmann, U. (1974) Maghemite in soils and its origin. I. Properties and observations on soil maghemites. Clay Minerals, 10 (4). 289-298 doi:10.1180/claymin.1974.010.4.07

Taylor, R. M.; Schwertmann, U. (1974) Maghemite in soils and its origin. II. Maghemite syntheses at ambient temperature and pH 7. Clay Minerals, 10 (4). 299-310 doi:10.1180/claymin.1974.010.4.08

Smith, P. P. K. (1979) The observation of enantiomorphous domains in a natural maghemite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 69 (3) 249-254 doi:10.1007/bf00372327

Özdemir, Özden, Banerjee, Subir K. (1984) High temperature stability of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) Geophysical Research Letters, 11 (3) 161-164 doi:10.1029/gl011i003p00161

Sidhu, P. S. (1988) Transformation of Trace Element-Substituted Maghemite to Hematite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 36 (1) 31-38 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1988.0360105

Schulz, Douglas L.; McCarthy, Gregory J. (1988) X-Ray Powder Data for an Industrial Maghemite (γ-Fe₂O₃). Powder Diffraction, 3 (2). 104-105 doi:10.1017/s088571560001335x

Özdemir, Özden, Dunlop, David J. (1988) Crystallization remanent magnetization during the transformation of maghemite to hematite. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93. 6530 doi:10.1029/jb093ib06p06530

Yamada, Koji; Tobashi, Shuji; Ichiba, Sumio (1990) Topotactic Oxidation Process from Magnetite to Maghemite Studied by Rietveld Analysis and 119Sn Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Chemistry Letters, 19 (8). 1327-1330 doi:10.1246/cl.1990.1327

Da Costa, G. M. (1994) The Center Shift in Mössbauer Spectra of Maghemite and Aluminum Maghemites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 42 (5) 628-633 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1994.0420515

da Costa, G. M. (1995) Variable-Temperature Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Nano-Sized Maghemite and Al-Substituted Maghemites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 43 (5) 562-568 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1995.0430506

da Costa, G. M.; de Grave, E.; De Bakker, P. M. A.; Vandenberghe, R. E. (1995) Influence of Nonstoichiometry and the Presence of Maghemite on the Mössbauer Spectrum of Magnetite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 43 (6). 656-668 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1995.0430602

de Faria, D. L. A., Venâncio Silva, S., de Oliveira, M. T. (1997) Raman microspectroscopy of some iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28 (11). 873-878 doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4555(199711)28:11<873::aid-jrs177>3.0.co;2-b

Woo, Kyoungja, Lee, Ho Jin (2004) Synthesis and magnetism of hematite and maghemite nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 272. doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.201

(2005) Maghemite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Hanesch, Monika (2009) Raman spectroscopy of iron oxides and (oxy)hydroxides at low laser power and possible applications in environmental magnetic studies. Geophysical Journal International, 177 (3) 941-948 doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04122.x

Darezereshki, Esmaeel (2010) Synthesis of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles by wet chemical method at room temperature. Materials Letters, 64. 1471-1472 doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2010.03.064

Spiers, K.M., Cashion, J.D. (2012) Crystallographically-based analysis of the NMR spectra of maghemite. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 324. 862-868 doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.10.003

Zakharova, I. N., Shipilin, M. A., Alekseev, V. P., Shipilin, A. M. (2012) Mössbauer study of maghemite nanoparticles. Technical Physics Letters, 38. 55-58 doi:10.1134/s1063785012010294

Chen, Y.H. (2013) Thermal properties of nanocrystalline goethite, magnetite, and maghemite. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 553. 194-198 doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.11.102

Ferroudj, Nassira, Nzimoto, Jimmy, Davidson, Anne, Talbot, Delphine, Briot, Emmanuel, Dupuis, Vincent, Bée, Agnès, Medjram, Mohamed Salah, Abramson, Sébastien (2013) Maghemite nanoparticles and maghemite/silica nanocomposite microspheres as magnetic Fenton catalysts for the removal of water pollutants. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 136. 9-18 doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.01.046

Lin, Yi-Feng; Chen, Jia-Ling (2013) Synthesis of mesoporous maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanostructures with enhanced arsenic removal efficiency. RSC Advances, 3 (35). 15344 doi:10.1039/c3ra41596a

Shokrollahi, H. (2017) A review of the magnetic properties, synthesis methods and applications of maghemite. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 426. 74-81 doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.11.033

Ma, Ji, Chen, Kezheng (2018) Origin of unusual thermomagnetic behaviors in maghemite. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 112. 88-93 doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2017.09.006

Bosi, Ferdinando, Biagioni, Cristian, Pasero, Marco (2019) Nomenclature and classification of the spinel supergroup. European Journal of Mineralogy, 31 (1) 183-192 doi:10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2788

Schwaminger, Sebastian P.; Syhr, Christopher; Berensmeier, Sonja (2020) Controlled Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Magnetite or Maghemite? Crystals, 10 (3). 214 doi:10.3390/cryst10030214

Hiraga, Renata, Gomes, Otávio, Neumann, Reiner (2021) Maghemite in Brazilian Iron Ores: Quantification of the Magnetite-Maghemite Isomorphic Series by Χ-ray Diffraction and the Rietveld Method, and Confirmation by Independent Methods. Minerals, 11 (4) 346 doi:10.3390/min11040346

Jung, Hankyeol, Schimpf, Alina M. (2021) Photochemical reduction of nanocrystalline maghemite to magnetite. Nanoscale, 13 (41) 17465-17472 doi:10.1039/d1nr02973h

Localities for MaghemiteHide

Showing 324 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Algeria
Tindouf Province ⓘ Mecheri Abdelaziz deposit	Guerrak et al. (1985)
Tindouf District ⓘ Gara Djebilet iron deposit	www.portergeo.com.au (2007) +1 other reference

Antarctica
East Antarctica Queen Elizabeth Land Pensacola Mountains Neptune Mountains ⓘ Neptune Mountains meteorite	Buchwald et al. (1989)

Arctic Ocean
East Siberian Sea ⓘ ARAON Mounds	Koo et al. (2022)

Atlantic Ocean
Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse hydrothermal field (TAG) ⓘ Mir mound	Dekov et al. (h-Cu6Sn5) +1 other reference

Australia
New South Wales Blaxland Co. Mount Hope ⓘ Wagga Tank prospect	Pwa et al. (1999)
Cunningham Co. Trundle ⓘ Pilling Mine (Pillings Prospect)	Narromine 1:250 000 Mine Data Sheets
Darling Co. ⓘ Giants Den Tin Mine	Brown et al. (1992)
Kennedy Co. Fifield ⓘ Cincinatti Prospect	Narromine 1:250 000 Mine Data Sheets
Murchison Co. Upper Bingara Gulf Creek ⓘ Gulf Creek Copper Mine (Cornish Copper Mine)	Brown et al. (1992)
ⓘ Gulf Creek Mine (Gulf Creek Copper Mine)	Brown et al. (1992)
Narromine Co. Narromine ⓘ Minore Prospect	Narromine 1:250 000 Mine Data Sheets
Robinson Co. Cobar ⓘ Endeavor Mine (Elura Mine)	A.N. Lorrigan (2005)
ⓘ Maghemite occurrence	Monika Mueller collection
Northern Territory Barkly Region Tennant Creek ⓘ Mammoth Gold Mine	Johnson (1989)
Wauchope Kurundi Goldfield ⓘ Kurinelli Meteorites	Magirian (1998) +1 other reference
Queensland Cook Shire ⓘ Weipa	Taylor et al. (2004)
ⓘ Weipa Mine	Rio Tinto Group
Rockhampton Region Marlborough ⓘ Gumigil Chrysoprase Mine ?	Eggleton et al. (2011)
Scenic Rim Region ⓘ Mount Gillies	ROSS et al. (1987)
South Australia City of Marion ⓘ Hallett Cove	Wopfner (1972)
Tasmania Tullah ⓘ Riley Creek Mine	www.ventureminerals.com.au (n.d.)
Waratah-Wynyard municipality Corinna-Savage River district ⓘ Savage River Mines	Bottrill & Taheri
Victoria Baw Baw Shire ⓘ Willow Grove ataxite	Birch et al. (2001)
Colac Otway Shire Otway Range ⓘ Dilwyn Bay
Golden Plains Shire ⓘ Leigh River	Steve Sorrell Collection
Northern Grampians Shire Carapooee ⓘ Alluvial gold mine	Birch (2008)
Pyrenees Shire Amphitheatre ⓘ Sedimentary Holdings alluvial gold operations	Steve Sorrell Collection
Western Australia Boddington Shire Bannister ⓘ Boddington Mine	Mock (1987)
ⓘ Darling Range	Singh et al. (1995) +1 other reference
Halls Creek Shire Carranya Station ⓘ Wolfe Creek meteorite crater	White et al. (1967)
Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire Kalgoorlie-Boulder Mullingar ⓘ Mount Percy Gold Mine	Gray et al. (1996)
ⓘ Mystery Gold Mine (Mystery Zone)	Butt (2003)
ⓘ Sir John Gold Mine	Butt (2003)
ⓘ Union Club Gold Mine	Butt (2003)
Kanowna Goldfield ⓘ Kanowna Belle Gold Mine	Anand et al. (2005)
Laverton Shire Duketon Goldfield Duketon Area ⓘ Moolart Well Gold Mine	www.regisresources.com.au (n.d.)
ⓘ Murrin Murrin Ni-Co Mine (Anaconda Nickel mine)	mrdate.usgs.gov (n.d.)
Leonora Shire Bronzewing Goldfield (Mount McClure) ⓘ Sundowner gold prospects	Annand et al. (2001)
Meekatharra Shire Gabanintha Quinns gold area ⓘ Tasman prospect	Hassan (2017)
Menzies Shire Davyhurst Goldfield Davyhurst ⓘ Light of Israel Gold Mine (Lights of Israel)	Robertson et al. (2003)
Wiluna Shire Mount Keith ⓘ Mount Keith Open Pit	Grguric (2003)
Wyndham-East Kimberley Shire ⓘ Mitchell Plateau	Recent Investigations of the Mitchell ... +3 other references

Austria
Carinthia Sankt Veit an der Glan District Hüttenberg ⓘ Bärenbach ?	Schulz (1979)
Salzburg Salzburg Untersberg massif ⓘ Salzburg shaft	Strasser (1989)
Tyrol Innsbruck-Land District Neustift im Stubaital Habicht ⓘ Glücksgrat Cu-Zn deposit	Vavtar (1986)

Belarus
Mogilev Region Babruysk District ⓘ Bobruisk Ring Structure	Levitskiy et al. (2018, July)

Bolivia
Santa Cruz Germán Busch Province ⓘ El Mutún (Serranía Mutún)	Federico Ahlfeld and Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955)

Brazil
Bahia Boquira ⓘ Boquira mine	Misi et al. (1999)
Mato Grosso do Sul Corumbá ⓘ Jacadigo hill	Barbosa (1950)
Minas Gerais Liberdade ⓘ Fazenda da Roseta	Soares et al. (2018)
ⓘ Zona da Mata	Allan et al. (1989)
Pará Monte Alegre Maicuru range ⓘ Maicuru alkaline complex	531 p +6 other references
Paraná Cerro Azul Mato Preto carbonatite complex ⓘ Clugger orebody ?	JENKINS II (1987)
Piauí Capitão Gervásio de Oliveira ⓘ São João do Piauí deposit	Dybowska et al. (2022)
Nazaré do Piauí ⓘ Calçadinha farm	Costa et al. (2016)
Santa Catarina Tubarão ⓘ Coal mine drainage	Silva et al. (2021)

Bulgaria
Yambol Province Tundzha Municipality ⓘ Manastir deposit	Panayotova et al. (2025)

Cameroon
East Region Haut-Nyong Lomié Lomié Ultramafic complex ⓘ Nkamouna Mine	Yongue-Fouateu et al. (2009)
Northwest Region ⓘ Bamenda	Hey (1961)

Canada
British Columbia Kamloops Mining Division Little Fort ⓘ Windpass Mine	Dana 7:I:708.
Osoyoos Mining Division Hedley ⓘ Peggy Mine (Hedley Consolidated)	Ray et al. (1994)
Skeena Mining Division Haida Gwaii Graham Island Klashwun Point ⓘ Shag Rock Mn Occurrence	Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference
Vancouver Island Nanaimo Mining Division Holberg ⓘ Red Dog copper-molybdenum deposit ?	personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description)
Ontario Cochrane District South of Ridge Lake Area ⓘ Martison carbonatite complex	SAGE (1981)
Hastings County Madoc Township ⓘ Dufferin Iron Mine	Ontario Ministry of Northern ...
Québec Laurentides Deux-Montagnes RCM ⓘ Oka complex	Gold (1969)

Chile
Antofagasta Antofagasta Province Cobija Punta Tames district ⓘ Mantos del Pacífico mine	Maskaev et al. (2007)
Michilla District ⓘ Juarez Mine	Maskaev et al. (2007)
ⓘ Susana Mine	Maskaev et al. (2007)
Taltal ⓘ Santo Domingo Cu-(Ag) deposit	Maskaev et al. (2007)
ⓘ Vaca Muerta meteorite ?	Rull et al. (2004)
Tocopilla Province Tocopilla Punta Blanca area ⓘ Buena Esperanza Mine	Maskaev et al. (2007)
ⓘ Mantos de la Luna Cu-(Ag) deposit	Maskaev et al. (2007)
Atacama Copiapó Province Tierra Amarilla ⓘ Maricunga Au deposit	Lohmeier et al. (2025)

China
Anhui Anqing Huaining County Yueshan ore field ⓘ Longmenshan Mine	Xikun Chen (1987)
Fujian Longyan Xinluo District ⓘ Zhongjia Mine	Guangwu Mao et al. (2013)
Gansu Jiuquan Aksai Co. ⓘ Yushishan Nb–Ta ore deposit	Yu et al. (2023)
Guizhou Zunyi Bozhou District ⓘ Houcao bauxite deposit	Kehua Yin (2009)
Hebei Chengde ⓘ Placer occurrences (Yanshan micrometeorite)	Yu (1984)
Handan Wu'an County ⓘ Xishimen Fe Mine	Jianmin Zheng et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Inner Mongolia Alxa League (Alashan Prefecture) Ejin Banner (Ejina Co.) ⓘ Heiyingshan Mine	Guixiang Meng et al. (2009)
Baotou City Bayan Obo mining district ⓘ Bayan Obo deposit	Zonglin Hou (1989)
Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture) Linxi County ⓘ Baogaigou Sn deposit	Guozheng Wang (2002)
Hulunbuir City (Hulunbei'er Prefecture) Old Barag Banner (Chenba'erhu Co.) ⓘ Xie'ertala Mine	Feng Yuan et al. (2012)
Xilingol League (Xilinguole Prefecture) East Ujimqin Banner (Dongwuzhumuqin Co.; Dongwu Qi) ⓘ Chaobuleng deposit (Zhaobuleng Mine)	Biren Wang et al. (2014)
Jiangsu Nanjing Jiangning District ⓘ Qilinshan Fe deposit	Zhongsuo Li (1983)
Jiangxi Shangrao Dexing Co. ⓘ Dexing Cu-Mo-Au ore field	Zongyao et al. (2005)
Liaoning Dandong Fengcheng City ⓘ Wengquan'gou Boron deposit	Ruheng Fang and Yafan Zhang (1983)
Liaoyang Gongchangling District ⓘ Gongchangling Fe deposit	Shuguang Li et al. (1983)
Qinghai Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Qaidam Basin (Chaidan Basin; Tsaidam Basin) ⓘ Elashan formation	Chai et al. (2024)
Shanxi Datong Lingqiu County ⓘ Pingxingguan Mine	wrgis.wr.usgs.gov (2004)
Sichuan Garzê Autonomous Prefecture (Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture) Yajiang County ⓘ Rongxuka Li deposit	Xuemin et al. (2026)
Liangshan Yi Huili County Lalachang Cu deposit (Lala Cu deposit) ⓘ Luodang Mine	Zhimin Zhu et al. (2009)
ⓘ Xianglushan Fe-Cu Orefield	Wang et al. (2019)
Tibet Nagqu Baingoin Co. (Bange Co.) ⓘ Gengnai	Liu et al. (2024)
Ngari Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.) Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field) ⓘ Muzhiding Fe deposit (Nixiong Fe deposit; Nyixung Fe deposit)	Liu et al. (2024)
Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.) ⓘ Ga'erqiong Cu-Au deposit	Zhenghua Hu et al. (2012)
Rutog Co. (Ritu Co.) ⓘ Fuye Fe deposit	Liu et al. (2024)
Xinjiang Bayin'gholin Autonomous Prefecture Hejing Co. (Xejing Co.) Gongnaisigou ⓘ Chagangnuo'er Fe-Cu deposit (Chagannuo'er Fe-Cu deposit; Chagannur Fe-Cu deposit)	Xiujun Hu and Wenge Chen (2010)
Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture) Yizhou District ⓘ Cihai iron mine	Chunji Xue et al. (2000)
Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Altay Prefecture (Aletai Prefecture) Fuyun Co. (Koktokay Co.) Maizi volcanic-sedimentary basin ⓘ Mengku Mine	Lingang Xu et al. (2007) +2 other references
ⓘ Wutubulake Fe deposit	Zhixin Zhang et al. (2011) +1 other reference
Xinyuan Co. (Künes Co.) Awulale Fe ore field ⓘ Shalaqiongku'er Fe deposit	Wuhan Huaze Science & Technology ...
ⓘ Songhu Fe deposit	Qiong Han et al. (2014)
Kashi Prefecture (Kashgar Prefecture; Qeshqer Prefecture) Tashiku'ergan Co. (Taxkorgan Co.; Tashqurqan Co.) ⓘ Zankan Fe deposit	Jianwei Hu et al. (2010)
Turpan Shanshan Co. ⓘ Kan'ernan Fe deposit	Songtao Deng et al. (2006)
Yunnan Dali Heqing County ⓘ Beiya Au-Cu ore field	Xiao'ou Zhao (1989)
ⓘ Heqing Mn deposit	Yuchun Yang (1990)

Colombia
Córdoba Department Montelíbano ⓘ Cerro Matoso Mine (Cerro Matoso S. A. Laterite deposit)	Econ Geol (2004)

Cuba
Camagüey Province Camagüey District ⓘ San Felipe deposit	T. Gallardo et al. (2010) +1 other reference
Holguín Province Moa-Baracoa District ⓘ Moa Nickel ore field	Domínguez-Carretero et al. (2024)
ⓘ Punta Gorda deposit	Domènech et al. (2014)
ⓘ Yagrumaje deposit	Marsh

Czech Republic
Hradec Králové Region Trutnov District Radvanice ⓘ Kateřina Coal Mine	Jirásek (2001)
Karlovy Vary Region ⓘ Jáchymov ore district	Ondruš et al. (2003)
Moravian-Silesian Region Bruntál District Krnov Biskupice ⓘ Biskupice Maars	Kašing et al. (2025)
Frýdek-Místek District Žermanice ⓘ Žermanice Quarry	Matýsek et al. (2018)
Ostrava-City District Ostrava Heřmanice ⓘ Heřmanice dump ?	Matýsek et al. (2022)
Slezská Ostrava ⓘ Tertiary basaltoid rock outcrops	Jirásek J. (2018)
Olomouc Region Jeseník District Javorník Horní Hoštice ⓘ Iron deposit	Zimák (2008)
Prague ⓘ Na Slupi site	Ettler et al. (2015)
Ústí nad Labem Region Litoměřice District Podsedice ⓘ Podsedice pyrope deposit (Podseditz pyrope deposit)	Rost R.: Doplňky k mineralogii ...
Most District Líšnice ⓘ Borový hill	Žáček V

Dominican Republic
Monseñor Nouel Province Bonao Falcondo Mines ⓘ Loma Caribe Ni laterite deposit	Domènech et al. (2022)
ⓘ Loma Ortega deposit	Gallardo et al. (2010)

Eurasian Plate
Central Asian Orogenic Belt Kelan volcanic-sedimentary basin ⓘ Tuomoerte Fe-(Mn) deposit	Zhixin Zhang et al. (2012)

France
French Guiana Constable Islands ⓘ Grand Connétable	de la Paix Izerumugaba et al. (2026)
New Caledonia Northern Province Koumac Tiébaghi Massif (Tiébaghi Ophiolite Complex) ⓘ Tiébaghi Nickel Mine	El Mendili et al. (2022)
Poya North Népoui ⓘ Boninite outcrop	[var: Alumomaghemite] C. Campiglio et al. +1 other reference
Southern Province Yaté ⓘ Goro Mine	Vale SA

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Karlsruhe Region Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis Waldbrunn Waldkatzenbach Katzenbuckel ⓘ Michelsberg Quarry
Rhein-Neckar-Kreis ⓘ Neckarbischofsheim	Frenzel (1953)
Sinsheim ⓘ Steinsberg	Frenzel (1953)
Bavaria Lower Franconia Haßberge District Maroldsweisach ⓘ Zeilberg Quarry	Wittern (2001)
ⓘ Laacher See Volcanic Complex	Blaß et al. (2015)
Lower Saxony Göttingen District Dransfeld ⓘ Hoher Hagen	Lear (1988)
Rhineland-Palatinate Altenkirchen Daaden-Herdorf Schutzbach ⓘ Grüneau Mine (Grüne Au Mine; Grünau Mine)	Schnorrer et al. (1997)
Mayen-Koblenz Mendig Mendig ⓘ In den Dellen quarries	Graf (1997)
ⓘ Thelenberg	Graf (1997)
Wingertsberg ⓘ Pumice quarries	Graf (1997)
Pellenz Kruft ⓘ Krufter Ofen	Graf (1997)
ⓘ Rieden volcano	Blaß et al. (2015)
Saxony Zwickau District ⓘ Callenberg	Paul (1995)
Schleswig-Holstein Segeberg Damsdorf - Stocksee - Tensfeld area ⓘ Gravel pits	Wittern (2001)

Greece
Central Greece Phocis Delphi ⓘ Pera-Lakkos mine	Gamaletsos et al. (2017)
Central Macedonia Pella ⓘ Edessa	Michailidis (1990) +2 other references
Ionian Islands ⓘ Ithaca	Bourli et al. (2021)
Lefkada Lefkada island ⓘ Kastos island	Bourli et al. (2021)

Greenland
Qeqertalik Disko Island ⓘ Igdlukúnguaq	Pauly (1958)

Iceland
Northeastern Region Þingeyjarsveit Skútustaðahreppur Myvatn ⓘ Krafla Volcano	Carson III (2015)

India
Andhra Pradesh Prakasam District ⓘ Ongole	Chakrapani Naidu et al. (1965)
Assam Goalpara District ⓘ Goalpara meteorite	Nakamuta et al. (2013)
Karnataka Uttara Kannada District Madangere ⓘ Fe-Ti-V bodies	Devaraju et al. (1983)
Madhya Pradesh Jabalpur Division Chhindwara District ⓘ Semarkona meteorite	E.R.D. Scott et al. (1988) +1 other reference
Odisha Anugul District ⓘ Mahanadi riverbank	Mallick et al. (2005, March)
Jajapur (Jajpur) District Sukinda ultramafic complex Sukinda Valley ⓘ South Kaliapana deposit	Nayak et al. (1998)
Uttar Pradesh Mirzapur Division Bhadohi District ⓘ Bishunpur meteorite (Parjabatpur meteorite)	Brearley et al. (1998)

Iran
Kerman Province Kerman County Kerman meteorite field ⓘ Kerman 001 meteorite	Pourkhorsandi et al. (2019)
ⓘ Kerman 002 meteorite	Pourkhorsandi et al. (2019)
ⓘ Kerman 003 meteorite	Pourkhorsandi et al. (2019)
ⓘ Shahdad meteorite	Pourkhorsandi et al. (2019)
Sirjan County ⓘ Golgohar Fe deposit	Talesh Hosseini et al. (2026)

Israel
Southern District Beersheba Subdistrict Tamar Regional Council Hatrurim Basin ⓘ Aravaite type locality	Britvin et al. (2021) +1 other reference
ⓘ Har Ye'elim	Murashko (2010)

Italy
Lazio Metropolitan City of Rome Capital Campagnano di Roma ⓘ Bruciore Quarry	Cozzupoli et al. (1976)
ⓘ S. Angelo Mount	Bortolozzi (n.d.)
Rome ⓘ Corcolle Quarry	- (n.d.)
ⓘ Sacrofano	Pasquale Antonazzo Collection (2009)
ⓘ San Valentino	- (n.d.)
Viterbo Province Onano ⓘ Montenero Quarry	M.E. Ciriotti (2005)
Vetralla ⓘ Tre Croci	Begini (2022)
Sardinia Nuoro Province Gadoni ⓘ Funtana Raminosa Mine	- (n.d.)
Sicily Metropolitan City of Messina Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands) Lipari Panarea Island ⓘ Panarea volcanic field	Di Bella et al. (2026)
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol South Tyrol Puster Valley District Prettau (Predoi) ⓘ Predoi Mine (Prettau Mine)	De Michele (1974)
Tuscany Arezzo Province Cavriglia ⓘ Castelnuovo Mine (Castelnuovo Pit; Castelnuovo deposit)	Corazza et al. (1994)
Grosseto Province Massa Marittima Valpiana - Castello della Marsiliana area slag sites ⓘ Arialla slag locality	Manasse et al. (2002)
Pitigliano ⓘ Case Collina	M.E. Ciriotti (2005)
Upper Valdarno (Upper Val d'Arno) ⓘ Santa Barbara lignite district (Santa Barbara lignite basin; Cavriglia lignite basin; San Giovanni Valdarno lignite basin)	Corazza et al. (1994)
ⓘ Santa Barbara Mine (Santa Barbara mining concession)	Corazza et al. (1994)

Japan
Fukuoka Prefecture Tagawa District Kawara ⓘ Sannotake mine	Uehara et al. (2014)
Hiroshima Prefecture ⓘ Taishi mine	Imai (1978)
Iwate Prefecture Kamaishi City ⓘ Kamaishi mine	Imai (1978)
Okayama Prefecture Kume District Misaki-cho ⓘ Yanahara mine (Yanahara mining district)	Yamada (2004)
Okinawa Prefecture Ishigaki City Ishigaki Island Kabira ⓘ Tsuzutunu-muru manganese prospects	Powder XRD by John Attard
Kunigami District ⓘ Ogimi	Petrov (n.d.)
ⓘ Uebara	Petrov (n.d.)
Yamaguchi Prefecture ⓘ Kumano mine	- (n.d.)

Jersey
ⓘ St Helier	Wagner et al. (1985)

Jordan
Amman Governorate Transjordan Plateau Daba-Siwaqa complex ⓘ Daba	Pitty et al. (2010)
Irbid Governorate Maqarin area ⓘ Yarmouk river	Khoury et al. (1985) +1 other reference

Kazakhstan
Pavlodar Region Ekibastuz ⓘ Bozshakol mine	KAZ Minerals
ⓘ East Bozshakol mine	Seltmann et al. (2005)

Madagascar
Diana Ambanja District Antsirabe ⓘ Ampasibitika	Wolfgang Hampel (2011)

Mauritania
Tiris Zemmour Region Hassi Djebilet ⓘ Gara Djebilet W	Marsh et al. (2015)

Mexico
Baja California Sur Loreto Municipality ⓘ Santa Rosa	RODRIGUEZ-DIAZ
Chihuahua Aquiles Serdán Municipality ⓘ Santa Eulalia Mining District	Megaw (2023)
East Camp ⓘ San Antonio Mine ?	Megaw (1990)
San Luis Potosí Villa de Reyes Municipality Villa de Reyes ⓘ Villa del Reyes mines	Pérez-Cruz et al. (2015)
Yucatán northwest coastline of the Yucatán peninsula Puerto Chicxulub Chicxulub impact structure ⓘ Borehole M0077A	Verhagen et al. (2023)

Middle East
ⓘ Hatrurim Formation	Gross (1977)

Mongolia
Ömnögovi Province Mandal-Ovoo District Shara Hulasa Hiid ⓘ Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)

Namibia
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	Gebhard (1999)
Otjozondjupa Region Grootfontein Constituency ⓘ Hoba meteorite	Golden et al. (1995)

New Zealand
Waikato Region Matamata-Piako District Te Aroha ⓘ Tui Mine	Courtney et al. (1990)
Waikato District ⓘ Ngatutura Volcanics	Spratt et al. (1975)
West Coast Region Buller District Reefton Blackwater Mine (Prohibition mine) ⓘ Prohibition Mine processing plant	Kerr et al. (2018)

Nicaragua
Chontales Department ⓘ La Libertad	Darce (1990)

Nigeria
Kogi Lokoja ⓘ Agbaja Iron Deposit	Kogi Iron Limited

North Macedonia
Probistip Municipality Kratovo-Zletovo ore district ⓘ Plavica deposit (Plavica-Zlatica deposit; Plavitsa deposit)	Serafimovski et al. (2016)
ⓘ Zletovo Mine	RMZ - Materials and Geoenvironment Vol 52 No. 3 pp 535-548 (2006)
Veles Municipality ⓘ Groot	Spasovski et al. (2009)
ⓘ Groot Fe-Ni Deposit	Spasovski et al. (2009)

Northwest Africa Meteorites
ⓘ Northwest Africa 7034 Martian meteorite (NWA 7034; Black Beauty)	Dr. Vivian Gornitz (2013) +1 other reference

Norway
Buskerud Kongsberg ⓘ Lake Mykle	Bonin et al. (2003)
Modum ⓘ Granodiorite outrop	Czamanske et al. (1972)
Telemark Nome ⓘ Fen Iron Mines	Andersen (1983)
Søve Mines ⓘ Tufte Adit	Andersen (1983)
Vestfold ⓘ Holmestrand	v. Everdingen (1960)

Poland
Greater Poland Voivodeship Poznań ⓘ Morasko meteorite	Stankowski et al. (2002, December)
Lesser Poland Voivodeship Olkusz County Bukowno ⓘ ZGH Bolesław S.A. smelter	Cempa et al. (2024)
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Dzierżoniów County Piława Górna ⓘ DSS Piława Górna Quarry	Mateusz Dulski et al. (2018) +1 other reference
ⓘ Karkonosze County	Mochnacka et al. (2012)
ⓘ Kowary	Mochnacka et al. (2015)
Szklarska Poręba Zbójeckie Skały ⓘ Friedrich Wilhelm magnetite–pyrite mine	Mochnacka et al. (2015)
Kłodzko County Gmina Nowa Ruda Przygórze Bolesław Mine ⓘ Przygórze heap	Łukasz Kruszewski PXRD data
Silesian Voivodeship Bytom Bobrek ⓘ Bobrek heap	Ł. Kruszewski EPMA/PXRD data +1 other reference
Rybnik County Gmina Czerwionka-Leszczyny ⓘ Dębieńsko Mine heap	Kruszewski et al. (2012)
Wodzisław County Rydułtowy ROW Ruch Rydułtowy Mine ⓘ Rydułtowy heap (Szarlota heap)	Ł. Kruszewski PXRD and EPMA data

Portugal
Azores São Miguel ⓘ Água de Pau Volcano	Peter Lof's collection - EDX +1 other reference
Beja Ferreira do Alentejo Odivelas ⓘ Herdade de Vale de Coelhos
ⓘ Odivelas Mine	Jesus et al. (2003)

Romania
Argeş County Stoenești ⓘ Unnamed mining waste dump	Udubasa et al. (2011)
Bihor County ⓘ Highiş Massif	Bonin et al. (2016)
Buzău County ⓘ Mânzăleşti	Slavoaca
ⓘ Meledic Karst Plateau	Slavoaca
Maramureș County Târgu Lăpuș ⓘ Răzoare	Udubasa et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Mehedinti County Breznița-Ocol ⓘ Jidoştiţa	Udubaªa et al. (2006)
Suceava County Iacobeni Tolovanu ⓘ Tolovanu (Tolovan) Mn deposit	Hîrtopanu (1997) +1 other reference

Russia
Belgorod Oblast Kursk Magnetic Anomaly group ⓘ Oskol Fe deposit	Belykh et al. (2007)
Chelyabinsk Oblast ⓘ Chelyabinsk coal basin	Cesnokov et al. (1998)
ⓘ Chelyabinsk meteorite (Chebarkul meteorite)	Righter et al. (2015)
Kamchatka Krai Milkovsky District Tolbachik Volcanic field Plosky Tolbachik Volcano ⓘ 2012-2013 Fissure Tolbachik Eruption site	Zelenski et al. (2020)
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Lovozero Massif	...
Orenburg Oblast Svetlinsky District Buruktal Mining District Buruktal massif ⓘ Buruktal Mine	Talovina et al. (2003)
Sakha Mirninsky District Daldyn ⓘ Udachnaya open-pit mine (Udachnaya-Vostochnaya pipe; Udachnaya pipe)	kimberlite. 21 st meeting of the ... +1 other reference

Saudi Arabia
Eastern Province Rub' al-Khali ⓘ South Dahna meteorite	Meteoritics
Wabar impact craters ⓘ Wabar meteorite (Al Hadidah; Nejed)	Gnos et al. (2013)

Sierra Leone
Western Area Freetown layered complex ⓘ Big Water	Bowles et al. (2018)

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Brezno District ⓘ Jasenie	Koděra et al. (1986)
Košice Region Košice-okolie District Družstevná pri Hornáde ⓘ Malá Vieska Quarry	Koděra et al. (1986)
Rožňava District Čučma ⓘ Čierna baňa	Radvanec M. and Gonda S. (2020)
Prešov Region Prešov District Červenica Dubník ⓘ Slávik adit	Koděra et al. (1986)
Zlatá Baňa ⓘ Zlatá Baňa deposit	Duda et. all.

South Africa (TL)
ⓘ Bushveld Complex (TL)	Wagner (1927)
Gauteng City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality ⓘ Vergenoeg Mine	Cairncross et al. (2008)
Limpopo Waterberg District Municipality Lephalale Local Municipality Lephalale Onverwacht ⓘ Moonlight Fe deposit	du Plessis et al. (1997)
North West Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality Naledi Local Municipality Vryburg ⓘ Morokweng crater (Morokweng Impact Structure)	Andreoli et al. (1999)
Northern Cape ZF Mgcawu District Municipality Kai !Garib Local Municipality ⓘ Brakwater West	Rozendaal et al. (2017)
ⓘ Groot Riet 162	Rozendaal et al. (2017)
ⓘ Klip Bakken	Rozendaal et al. (2017)
ⓘ Soutputs	Rozendaal et al. (2017)

South Korea
South Jeolla Province Boseong County ⓘ Myungbong Mine	Lee et al. (2010)

Spain
Aragon Zaragoza Luesma ⓘ Sandy mine	Calvo Rebollar (2018)
Catalonia Barcelona Vallès Oriental Gualba Gualba quarries ⓘ Sala quarry	Locality description
Girona Setcases Costabona Mountain ⓘ Fra Joan Mine ?	Mata i Perelló (1990)
Susqueda Sant Martí Sacalm ⓘ Can Llebó prospect	Mata i Perelló (1990)
Murcia Mazarrón ⓘ Mazarrón shipwreck II	Doménech-Carbó et al. (2024)

Sweden
Norrbotten County Kiruna Svappavaara ⓘ Leveäniemi Mine	Larsson (2022)
Pajala Kitkiöjärvi ⓘ Muonionalusta meteorite	Holtstam et al. (2021)
Västernorrland County Sundsvall ⓘ Alnö Complex	Sandström et al. (2010)
ⓘ Stugholmen	Kresten (1979)
Västmanland County Norberg Getback ore field ⓘ Ås mine

Switzerland
Schaffhausen Neuhausen am Rheinfall ⓘ Buechbüel	Stalder et al. (1998)
Neunkirch ⓘ Hasenberg	Stalder et al. (1998)
Zürich Andelfingen ⓘ Irchel	Stalder et al. (1998)

Tanzania
Kigoma Region ⓘ Kapalagulu Intrusion	Wilhelmij et al. (2016) +1 other reference

Turkey
Denizli Province ⓘ Elmaslar Chromite Deposit	Akbulut et al. (2010)
Diyarbakir Province Ergani District Ergani ⓘ Ergani Mine	Akinci (2009)
Elazığ Province Keban District ⓘ Zereyandere	Kines (1969)
Rize Province Çayeli District ⓘ Madenköy Mine	Akinci (2009)
Sivas Province ⓘ Divrigi District	M. Akif Isik (2001)
Zonguldak Province Karadeniz Ereğli ⓘ Soganliyürük	USGS Prof Paper 550C ppC158-C161

UK
England ⓘ Derbyshire	Ford et al. (1993)
Northern Ireland County Antrim Templepatrick ⓘ Lyles Hill mine	Eyles +5 other references

USA
Alaska Nome Census Area Port Clarence Mining District York Mountains ⓘ Brooks Mountain	rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.) +1 other reference
Arizona Coconino County Meteor Crater area ⓘ Canyon Diablo meteorite	Hofmann (1992)
ⓘ Meteor Crater	Mead et al. (1965) +2 other references
Graham County ⓘ Deer Creek Fire Agate Mine	Natkaniec-Nowak et al. (2020)
Mohave County Lost Basin Mining District ⓘ Unnamed Fe prospect [1] (Unnamed shaft; USGS PP 1361 locality 303)	Theodore et al. (1987)
Pima County ⓘ Tucson Mountains	Anthony et al. (1995)
Arkansas ⓘ Hot Spring County	Howard (1987) +1 other reference
California ⓘ Alameda County	Newhouse (1936) +1 other reference
Kern County Tehachapi Mountains Gorman District Lebec Tejon Tin project (Gorman Tin project) ⓘ Crowbar Gulch prospect (Crowbar claim)	Wiese (1946) +3 other references
ⓘ Gray Eagle prospect (Gray Eagle Discovery prospect; Gray Eagle claim)	Wiese (1946) +3 other references
ⓘ Upper Butler prospect	Wiese (1946) +2 other references
Mariposa County ⓘ Merced River	Petrov (n.d.)
Riverside County Eagle Mountains Eagle Mountains Mining District (Monte Negro Mining District) Eagle Mountain ⓘ Eagle Mountain Mine (Eagle Mountain Iron Mine; Eagle Mountain Iron deposit; Kaiser Steel Corp.)	Murdoch (1966)
Shasta County Klamath Mountains West Shasta Copper - Zinc Mining District Iron Mountain [town] Iron Mountain ⓘ Iron Mountain Mine (Number 8; Confidence; Old Mine)	Sosman (1925) +3 other references
Colorado Eagle County Gore Mountains ⓘ Piney Ridge	Eckel et al. (1997)
Pitkin County White Rock Granodiorite ⓘ Conundrum Creek	Eckel et al. (1997)
Connecticut Middlesex County Haddam ⓘ Hewitt Gem Quarry (Herb's Gem Quarry; Sawmill Quarry)	Weissman (2005)
Idaho Madison County Rexburg area ⓘ Menan volcanic complex	Xu et al. (2017)
Massachusetts Dukes County Martha's Vineyard Chilmark ⓘ Nashaquitsa Cliffs	Kaye et al. (1965)
Franklin County Rowe ⓘ Davis Pyrite Mine	Cerato
Missouri Franklin County ⓘ Kratz Spring	Sullivan et al. (2023)
ⓘ Kratz Spring North deposit	Sullivan et al. (2023)
ⓘ Kratz Spring South deposit	Sullivan et al. (2023)
Nevada Eureka County Safford Mining District ⓘ Barth Mine (West mine)	Castor et al. (2004)
New Mexico Curry County ⓘ Grady (1937) meteorite	Ramdohr (1972)
De Baca County ⓘ La Lande meteorite	Ramdohr (1972)
Eddy County ⓘ Gnome event (Project Gnome test site)	Northrop et al. (1996)
North Carolina Cleveland County ⓘ Hawkins Branch Cassiterite occurrence (Meadow Creek occurrence)	Agortino et al. (1985)
Oregon Josephine County Josephine Creek Mining District ⓘ Josephine Creek placers	...
Tennessee Anderson County Oak Ridge ⓘ Chestnut Ridge	Rock & Minerals Vol. 84 No. 4 Jul/Aug ...
U.S. Virgin Islands ⓘ St. John	Alminas +2 other references
Virginia Rockbridge County Glasgow ⓘ Lone Jack Quarry ?	Dietrich (1990)
Washington County Alvarado ⓘ Riverside mine	Dietrich (1990)
Washington ⓘ Mount Rainier National Park	Rye et al. (2003)

Venezuela
Monagas ⓘ Cueva del Guácharo	Onac (2025)

Zambia
Southern Province Mazabuka District Munali Intrusive Complex ⓘ Munali nickel project	Brotherton (1979)

Mars


Venus

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Maghemite

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