Trevorite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Trevorite
Formula:
Ni2+Fe3+2O4
Colour:
Black with green or brown tint
Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
5.164
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named after Major Tudor Gruffydd Trevor (1865 – 1954), mining inspector for the Pretoria District, Transvaal, South Africa, where the species was first found.
This page provides mineralogical data about Trevorite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4012
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4012:5
IMA Classification of Trevorite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Trevorite
4.BB.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
7.2.2.5
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7.22.6
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
22 : Oxides of Ni
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
22 : Oxides of Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Trv | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Trevorite
Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black with green or brown tint
Streak:
Light brown
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
5.164 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.2 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Chemistry of Trevorite
Mindat Formula:
Ni2+Fe3+2O4
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Trevorite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fd3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.41 Å
Unit Cell V:
594.82 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Massive. Rarely found as crystals.
Twinning:
On {111}.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0020145 | Trevorite | O'Driscoll B, Clay P L, Cawthorn P L, Lenaz D, Adetunji J, Kronz A (2014) Trevorite: Ni-rich spinel formed by metasomatism and desulfurization processes at Bon Accord, South Africa? Mineralogical Magazine 78 145-163 | 2014 | Bon Accord, South Africa | 0 | 293 | |
| 0015511 | Trevorite | Blesa M C, Amador U, Moran E, Menendez N, Tornero J D, Rodriguez-Carvajal J (1993) Synthesis and characterization of nickel and magnesium ferrites obtained from alpha-NaFeO2 Solid State Ionics 63 429-436 | 1993 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.513 Å | (100) |
| 1.4760 Å | (40) |
| 2.948 Å | (30) |
| 1.6051 Å | (30) |
| 2.085 Å | (25) |
| 4.82 Å | (20) |
Comments:
Synthetic. The data are from Swanson et al. (1960).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Type Occurrence of Trevorite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 132464, 132465.
Other Language Names for Trevorite
Varieties of Trevorite
| Iron-bearing Trevorite | An Fe-bearing variety associated with heazlewoodite, nickel, and 'UM1981-20-S:NiSbSnTe'. |
Relationship of Trevorite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Spinel Subgroup:
| Chihmingite | NiAl2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Chromite | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Cochromite | CoCr2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Coulsonite | Fe2+V3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Cuprospinel | Cu2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Dellagiustaite | V2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Deltalumite | (Al0.67◻0.33)Al2O4 | Tet. 42m : P4m2 |
| Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Guite | Co2+Co3+2O4 | Iso. |
| Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| 'Jacobsite-Q' | Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 | Iso. 432 : P4132 |
| Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) |
| Magnesioferrite | MgFe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Manganochromite | Mn2+Cr2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| 'Nichromite' | (Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Spinel | MgAl2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Thermaerogenite | CuAl2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Titanomaghemite | (Ti4+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+2O4 | Iso. 432 : P4332 |
| 'UM1994-06-O:AlCo' | CoAl2O4 | |
| Vuorelainenite | Mn2+V3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Zincochromite | ZnCr2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 8 photos of Trevorite associated with Willemseite | Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| 5 photos of Trevorite associated with Népouite | Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| 3 photos of Trevorite associated with Tredouxite | NiSb2O6 |
| 1 photo of Trevorite associated with Liebenbergite | Ni2(SiO4) |
| 1 photo of Trevorite associated with Bannermanite | (Na,K)0.7V4+0.7V5+5.3O15 |
| 1 photo of Trevorite associated with Whitlockite Subgroup | |
| 1 photo of Trevorite associated with Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 1 photo of Trevorite associated with 'Stichtite-2H' | Mg6(Cr,Al)2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| 1 photo of Trevorite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 1 photo of Trevorite associated with Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.BB. | Chenmingite | FeCr2O4 |
| 4.BB. | Thermaerogenite | CuAl2O4 |
| 4.BB. | Chukochenite | LiAl5O8 |
| 4.BB. | Elgoresyite | (Mg5Si2)O9 |
| 4.BB. | Jianmuite | ZrTi4+Ti3+5Al3O16 |
| 4.BB. | Dellagiustaite | V2+Al2O4 |
| 4.BB. | Garpenbergite | Mn6◻AsSbO10(OH)2 |
| 4.BB. | Magnéliite | Ti3+2Ti4+2O7 |
| 4.BB.05 | Qandilite | (Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Chromite | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Filipstadite | (Fe3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mn2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Wernerkrauseite | Ca(Fe3+,Mn3+)2Mn4+O6 |
| 4.BB.05 | Harmunite | CaFe2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Zincochromite | ZnCr2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Deltalumite | (Al0.67◻0.33)Al2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Cochromite | CoCr2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | 'Nichromite' | (Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Guite | Co2+Co3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Coulsonite | Fe2+V3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Vuorelainenite | Mn2+V3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Cuprospinel | Cu2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Manganochromite | Mn2+Cr2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Magnesioferrite | MgFe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Ulvöspinel | TiFe2+2O4 |
| 4.BB.10 | Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.10 | Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 |
| 4.BB.10 | Manganostibite | (Mn,Fe)7SbAsO12 |
| 4.BB.15 | Titanomaghemite | (Ti4+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.15 | Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.20 | Tegengrenite | (Mn3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mg2O4 |
| 4.BB.25 | Xieite | Fe2+Cr2O4 |
| 4.BB.30 | Carmeltazite | ZrAl2Ti4O11 |
| 4.BB.35 | Feiite | Fe2+2(Fe2+Ti4+)O5 |
| 4.BB.40 | Maohokite | MgFe2O4 |
| 4.BB.45 | Tschaunerite | (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4 |
Fluorescence of Trevorite
None
Other Information
Magnetism:
Ferromagnetic
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Trevorite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4012.html
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References for Trevorite
Reference List:
de Waal, S. A. (1969) Nickel minerals from Barberton, South Africa: I. Ferroan trevorite. American Mineralogist, 54 (7-8) 1204-1208
de Waal, S. A. (1972) Nickel minerals from Barberton, South Africa: V. Trevorite, redescribed. American Mineralogist, 57 (9-10) 1524-1526
BLESA, M, AMADOR, U, MORAN, E, MENENDEZ, N, TORNERO, J, RODRIGUEZCARVAJAL, J (1993) Synthesis and characterization of nickel and magnesium ferrites obtained from α-NaFeO2. Solid State Ionics, 63. 429-436 doi:10.1016/0167-2738(93)90140-x
Localities for Trevorite
Showing 37 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Schmidt et al. (1966) |
| Gablina et al. (2006) | |
Australia | |
| Stolz (1987) |
| Thebaud et al. (U.W.A.) |
| [var: Iron-bearing Trevorite] October 1981 +4 other references |
Burundi | |
| Frank K. Mazdab collection (will verify with EPMA) +2 other references |
Canada | |
| Pollock et al. (2000) |
| Schindler et al. (2012) |
Egypt | |
| Folco et al. (2022) |
France | |
| Ducluzaux (2021) |
Germany | |
| Knoll (2004) |
Greece | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
India | |
| Vaish et al. (2013) |
Israel | |
| Krzątała et al. (2020) |
Italy | |
| Stara et al. (1999) |
| Simakov et al. (2021) |
Jordan | |
| Galuskin et al. (2023) |
| Britvin et al. (2020) +1 other reference | |
Kazakhstan | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data of ... | |
Middle East | |
| Vapnik et al. (2006) +1 other reference | |
North Macedonia | |
| Đorđević et al. (2024) |
Poland | |
| Sachanbiński et al. (2000) |
Russia | |
| Muravyeva et al. (1993) |
| Bindi et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Zelenski et al. (2020) |
| Sukhanova et al. (2023) |
| Litasov et al. (2019, July) +1 other reference |
Solomon Islands | |
| Fermor 2011: Ore Deposits in an ... | |
South Africa (TL) | |
| de Waal (1969) +5 other references |
| Kottke-Levin et al. (2008, December) |
| Andreoli et al. (1997) +2 other references |
Turkey | |
| Kabiru et al. (2017, April) |
| Akbulut et al. (2010) |
USA | |
| Hofmann (1992) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| ... |
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The
Bon Accord Ni deposit, Barberton, Mbombela Local Municipality, Ehlanzeni District Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa