Harmunite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Harmunite
Formula:
CaFe2O4
Colour:
Black
Specific Gravity:
4.404 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named after the type locality.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
43570
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:43570:7
Similar Names
| Hermannite | A synonym of Rhodonite | |
| Horomanite | A valid IMA mineral species | Fe6Ni3S8 |
IMA Classification of Harmunite
Approved
IMA Formula:
CaFe3+2O4
Approval year:
2012
First published:
2014
Classification of Harmunite
4.BB.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hmu | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Harmunite
Colour:
Black
Hardness:
VHN50=655 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Density:
4.404 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Chemistry of Harmunite
Mindat Formula:
CaFe2O4
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Harmunite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pbcm
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.2183(3) Å, b = 3.0175(1) Å, c = 10.6934(4) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.055 : 1 : 3.544
Unit Cell V:
297.45 ų
Z:
4
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0020333 | Harmunite | Galuskina I O, Vapnik Y, Lazic B, Armbruster T, Murashko M, Galuskin E V (2014) Harmunite CaFe2O4: A new mineral from the Jabel Harmun, West Bank, Palestinian Autonomy, Israel American Mineralogist 99 965-975 | 2014 | Hatrurim complex, West Bank, Palestinian Autonomy, Israel | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.670 Å | (52) |
| 2.663 Å | (100) |
| 2.524 Å | (60) |
| 2.523 Å | (35) |
| 2.232 Å | (34) |
| 1.834 Å | (40) |
| 1.831 Å | (27) |
| 1.510 Å | (19) |
Reference:
Comments:
From Type Description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
| 51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56) | <0.36 |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56) |
Type Occurrence of Harmunite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Occurs in larnite pebbles of the pseudo-conglomerate, the cement of which consists of intensely altered larnite-bearing rocks. Srebrodolskite, magnesioferrite, and harmunite are intergrown forming black porous aggregates to the central part of the pebbles
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
St Petersburg University, Universytetskaya Naberezhnaya 7/9, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia, catalogue number 1/19518
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hatrurim Complex of pyrometamorphic larnite rocks.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Harmunite
Other Language Names for Harmunite
Relationship of Harmunite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Marokite Supergroup:
| Chenmingite | FeCr2O4 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma |
| Ellinaite | CaCr2O4 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma |
| Marokite | CaMn3+2O4 | Orth. |
| Tschaunerite | (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm |
| Wernerkrauseite | Ca(Fe3+,Mn3+)2Mn4+O6 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma |
| Xieite | Fe2+Cr2O4 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Harmunite associated with Schorlomite | Ca3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2 |
| 1 photo of Harmunite associated with Srebrodolskite | Ca2Fe3+2O5 |
| 1 photo of Harmunite associated with Fluorellestadite | Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5F |
| 1 photo of Harmunite associated with Magnesioferrite | MgFe3+2O4 |
| 1 photo of Harmunite associated with Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| 1 photo of Harmunite associated with Mica Group |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.BB. | Chenmingite | FeCr2O4 |
| 4.BB. | Thermaerogenite | CuAl2O4 |
| 4.BB. | Chukochenite | LiAl5O8 |
| 4.BB. | Elgoresyite | (Mg5Si2)O9 |
| 4.BB. | Jianmuite | ZrTi4+Ti3+5Al3O16 |
| 4.BB. | Dellagiustaite | V2+Al2O4 |
| 4.BB. | Garpenbergite | Mn6◻AsSbO10(OH)2 |
| 4.BB. | Magnéliite | Ti3+2Ti4+2O7 |
| 4.BB.05 | Qandilite | (Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Chromite | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Filipstadite | (Fe3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mn2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Wernerkrauseite | Ca(Fe3+,Mn3+)2Mn4+O6 |
| 4.BB.05 | Zincochromite | ZnCr2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Deltalumite | (Al0.67◻0.33)Al2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Cochromite | CoCr2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | 'Nichromite' | (Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Guite | Co2+Co3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Coulsonite | Fe2+V3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Vuorelainenite | Mn2+V3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Cuprospinel | Cu2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Manganochromite | Mn2+Cr2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Trevorite | Ni2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Magnesioferrite | MgFe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Ulvöspinel | TiFe2+2O4 |
| 4.BB.10 | Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.10 | Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 |
| 4.BB.10 | Manganostibite | (Mn,Fe)7SbAsO12 |
| 4.BB.15 | Titanomaghemite | (Ti4+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.15 | Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.20 | Tegengrenite | (Mn3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mg2O4 |
| 4.BB.25 | Xieite | Fe2+Cr2O4 |
| 4.BB.30 | Carmeltazite | ZrAl2Ti4O11 |
| 4.BB.35 | Feiite | Fe2+2(Fe2+Ti4+)O5 |
| 4.BB.40 | Maohokite | MgFe2O4 |
| 4.BB.45 | Tschaunerite | (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Harmunite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-43570.html
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References for Harmunite
Reference List:
Plug, C.M. (1982) On the relationship between the structure of CaFe2O4 and hollandite. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 41. 23-26 doi:10.1016/0022-4596(82)90029-9
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2013) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. CNMNC Newsletter No. 15. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (1) 1-12 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.1.01
Localities for Harmunite
Showing 9 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Germany | |
| in the collection of Christof Schäfer |
| Blaß et al. (2014) |
| Collection Joachim Esche |
Israel | |
| Krzątała et al. (2018) |
| Galuskin et al. (2026) | |
Middle East | |
| Vapnik et al. (2014) | |
Palestine (TL) | |
| Mineralogical Magazine +2 other references |
Poland | |
| Ł. Kruszewski PXRD and EPMA data |
Russia | |
| Sharygin (2015) |
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Feuerberg, Hohenfels-Essingen, Gerolstein, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany