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Jacobsite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About JacobsiteHide

Formula:
Mn2+Fe3+2O4
Colour:
Black, gray in reflected light
Lustre:
Resinous, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5½ - 6½
Specific Gravity:
4.76
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named in 1869 by Augustin Alexis Damour for the type locality of Jakobsberg, Sweden.
Dimorph of:
Isostructural with:
Jacobsite-Magnetite Series.
Ferromagnetic. Often occurs in octahedral crystals.

Jacobsite-Q is a polymorph of jacobsite.

May be exomorphically exsolved from bixbyite (Peter et al., 2021).




Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2061
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2061:5

Similar NamesHide

Jacobsite-QMn2+(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4

IMA Classification of JacobsiteHide

Classification of JacobsiteHide

4.BB.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
7.2.2.2

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7.19.3

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
19 : Oxides of Mn and Fe

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
JcbIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of JacobsiteHide

Resinous, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black, gray in reflected light
Streak:
Reddish black
Hardness:
5½ - 6½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
4.76 g/cm3 (Measured)    5.03 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of JacobsiteHide

Type:
Isotropic
Colour in reflected light:
Gray-white with olive tint
Internal Reflections:
Brown
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of JacobsiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Mn2+Fe3+2O4
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Fe48.429 %
O27.750 %
Mn23.821 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Common Impurities:
Zn

Crystallography of JacobsiteHide

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fd3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.457 Å
Unit Cell V:
604.85 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Octahedral. Rarely found as crystals. Massive, granular.

Crystallographic forms of JacobsiteHide

Crystal Atlas:
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Jacobsite no.1 - {111} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
View 3D crystal model
Jacobsite no.6 - {111} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0017296JacobsiteMontoro V (1938) Miscibilita fra gli ossidi salini di ferro e di manganese _cod_database_code 1010370 Gazzetta Chimica Italiana 68 728-73319380293
0017061JacobsitePasserini L (1930) Ricerche sugli Spinelli.- II. I Composti. Cu Al2 O4, Mg Al2 O4, Mg Fe2 O4, Zn Al2 O4, Zn Cr2 O4, Zn Fe2 O4, Mn Fe2 O4 _cod_database_code 1010131 Gazzetta Chimica Italiana 60 389-39919300293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

Epitaxial Relationships of JacobsiteHide

Epitaxial Minerals:
'Hausmannite'Mn2+Mn3+2O4
Epitaxy Comments:
Oriented intergrowths (Vredenbergite).

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.906 Å(20)
3.005 Å(35)
2.563 Å(100)
2.450 Å(12)
2.124 Å(25)
1.7342 Å(20)
1.6355 Å(35)
1.5031 Å(40)
1.4376 Å(4)
1.3441 Å(4)
1.2962 Å(20)
1.2810 Å(15)
1.2276 Å(10)
1.1898 Å(12)
1.1355 Å(7)
1.1063 Å(30)
1.0623 Å(14)
0.9815 Å(20)
Comments:
ICDD 10-319 (synthetic)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)

Type Occurrence of JacobsiteHide

Other Language Names for JacobsiteHide

Dutch:Jacobsiet
Simplified Chinese:黑镁铁锰矿
锰铁矿
Spanish:Jacobsita

Relationship of Jacobsite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of Spinel Subgroup:
ChihmingiteNiAl2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
ChromiteFe2+Cr3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
CochromiteCoCr2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
CoulsoniteFe2+V3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
CuprospinelCu2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
DellagiustaiteV2+Al2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Deltalumite(Al0.670.33)Al2O4Tet. 42m : P4m2
FrankliniteZn2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
GahniteZnAl2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
GalaxiteMn2+Al2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
GuiteCo2+Co3+2O4Iso.
HausmanniteMn2+Mn3+2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd
HercyniteFe2+Al2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
HetaeroliteZnMn2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd
'Jacobsite-Q'Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd
Maghemite(Fe3+0.670.33)Fe3+2O4Iso. 432 : P4132
MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
MagnesiocoulsoniteMgV2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
MagnesioferriteMgFe3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
ManganochromiteMn2+Cr2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
'Nichromite'(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
SpinelMgAl2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
ThermaerogeniteCuAl2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Titanomaghemite(Ti4+0.50.5)Fe3+2O4Iso. 432 : P4332
TrevoriteNi2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
'UM1994-06-O:AlCo'CoAl2O4
VuorelaineniteMn2+V3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
ZincochromiteZnCr2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
43 photos of Jacobsite associated with CalciteCaCO3
14 photos of Jacobsite associated with PlumboferritePb[Fe3+10.67Mn2+0.33Pb]O18.33
12 photos of Jacobsite associated with ZinciteZnO
11 photos of Jacobsite associated with AndraditeCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
11 photos of Jacobsite associated with ManganositeMnO
7 photos of Jacobsite associated with AlleghanyiteMn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2
7 photos of Jacobsite associated with TephroiteMn2+2(SiO4)
7 photos of Jacobsite associated with LindqvistitePb2Mn2+Fe16O27
6 photos of Jacobsite associated with KutnohoriteCaMn2+(CO3)2
5 photos of Jacobsite associated with KellyiteMn2+2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.BB.ChenmingiteFeCr2O4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.ThermaerogeniteCuAl2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.ChukocheniteLiAl5O8Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
4.BB.Elgoresyite(Mg5Si2)O9Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.BB.JianmuiteZrTi4+Ti3+5Al3O16Tet. 4 : I4
4.BB.DellagiustaiteV2+Al2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.GarpenbergiteMn6◻AsSbO10(OH)2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
4.BB.MagnéliiteTi3+2Ti4+2O7Tric. 1 : P1
4.BB.05Qandilite(Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05ChromiteFe2+Cr3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05Filipstadite(Fe3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mn2O4Iso.
4.BB.05WernerkrauseiteCa(Fe3+,Mn3+)2Mn4+O6Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.05HarmuniteCaFe2O4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcm
4.BB.05ZincochromiteZnCr2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05Deltalumite(Al0.670.33)Al2O4Tet. 42m : P4m2
4.BB.05FrankliniteZn2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05CochromiteCoCr2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05'Nichromite'(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05HercyniteFe2+Al2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05GahniteZnAl2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05GalaxiteMn2+Al2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05GuiteCo2+Co3+2O4Iso.
4.BB.05CoulsoniteFe2+V3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05VuorelaineniteMn2+V3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05SpinelMgAl2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05CuprospinelCu2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05ManganochromiteMn2+Cr2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05MagnesiocoulsoniteMgV2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
4.BB.05TrevoriteNi2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05MagnesioferriteMgFe3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05UlvöspinelTiFe2+2O4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.10HausmanniteMn2+Mn3+2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd
4.BB.10HetaeroliteZnMn2O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd
4.BB.10Manganostibite(Mn,Fe)7SbAsO12Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
4.BB.15Titanomaghemite(Ti4+0.50.5)Fe3+2O4Iso. 432 : P4332
4.BB.15Maghemite(Fe3+0.670.33)Fe3+2O4Iso. 432 : P4132
4.BB.20Tegengrenite(Mn3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mg2O4Trig. 3 : R3
4.BB.25XieiteFe2+Cr2O4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
4.BB.30CarmeltaziteZrAl2Ti4O11Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.35FeiiteFe2+2(Fe2+Ti4+)O5Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
4.BB.40MaohokiteMgFe2O4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.45Tschaunerite (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm

Fluorescence of JacobsiteHide

Not fluorescent in ultraviolet

Other InformationHide

Magnetism:
Ferromagnetic
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for JacobsiteHide

References for JacobsiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for JacobsiteHide

Showing 238 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • East Antarctica
    • Wilkes Land
      • Clark Peninsula
Plimer et al. (1983)
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Inglis Co.
      • Danglemah
Stillwell et al. (1950)
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
Ramdohr (1950)
  • South Australia
    • Pastoral Unincorporated Area
      • Iron Baron
Collection of M.Willoughby. ...
      • Iron Knob
Pilkington et al. (1979)
Austria
 
  • Salzburg
    • Tamsweg District
      • Tweng
Meixner (1935)
Strasser (1989)
    • Zell am See District
      • Kaprun
        • Mooserboden reservoir
Strasser (1989)
  • Styria
    • Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District
      • Sankt Barbara im Mürztal
        • Veitsch
          • Kleinveitsch
            • Kaiblinggraben
Tropper et al. (2001) +1 other reference
  • Tyrol
    • Innsbruck-Land District
      • Navis
Kolitsch et al. (2019)
        • Staffelsee
Kolitsch et al. (2019)
      • Trins
Kolitsch et al. (2021)
    • Lienz District
      • Kals am Großglockner
        • Kals valley
Neinaveie (1979)
      • Prägraten am Großvenediger
        • Timmelbach valley
Kolitsch et al. (2017)
Brazil
 
  • Bahia
    • Urandi
Varentsov (1996)
  • Ceará
Santos et al. (2021)
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Skeena Mining Division
      • Haida Gwaii
        • Graham Island
          • Klashwun Point
Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference
  • Ontario
    • Kenora District
      • GTP Block 7 Township
Geoffrey Khalil Abdallah (1990)
Chile
 
  • Magallanes
Singer et al. (2005)
China
 
  • Guangxi
    • Chongzuo
      • Daxin Co.
Dairong Yan et al. (2006)
  • Hainan
    • Baoting Co.
Liangkai Gu (1986)
  • Hubei
    • Huanggang
      • Luotian Co.
        • Hejiawan
Jingqu Yao (1992)
Jingqu Yao (1992)
    • Wuhan
      • Huangpi District
Jingqu Yao (1992)
  • Hunan
    • Yongzhou
      • Lanshan Co.
Zhao et al. (2024)
  • Inner Mongolia
    • Baotou City
      • Bayan Obo mining district
Yi-Li et al. (2023)
    • Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture)
      • Linxi County
        • Guandi
Baisheng Zhang (1998)
  • Liaoning
    • Chaoyang
      • Chaoyang County
Fan Delian et al. (1992)
  • Xinjiang
    • Kezilesu Autonomous Prefecture (Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture; Qizilsu Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Wuqia Co. (Ulugqat Co.; Ulughchat Co.)
  • Yunnan
    • Dali
      • Heqing County
Yuchun Yang (1990)
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
    • Kutná Hora District
      • Kutná Hora
Egypt
 
  • Red Sea Governorate
Alekseev et al. (2023)
Alekseev et al. (2023)
  • South Sinai Governorate
    • Um Bogma area
Afify et al. (2022)
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Savoie
      • Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
        • Bessans
Chopin (1978)
        • Bonneval-sur-Arc
Chopin (1978)
  • Brittany
    • Morbihan
      • Lorient
        • Groix
          • Primiture
Chauris (2014)
  • Grand Est
    • Vosges
      • Saint-Dié-des-Vosges
        • Gérardmer
Weil et al. (1958)
  • Occitanie
    • Haute-Garonne
      • Saint-Gaudens
        • Boutx
Inventaire minéralogique de la France ...
Germany
 
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Mayen-Koblenz
      • Mendig
        • Mendig
Hentschel (1987)
Hentschel (1983) +1 other reference
          • Wingertsberg
Hentschel (1987)
      • Pellenz
        • Kruft
Hentschel (1987)
      • Vordereifel
        • Ettringen
Blaß et al. (1994)
    • Vulkaneifel
      • Gerolstein
        • Hohenfels-Essingen
Juroszek et al. (Ti 5 Fe)
Ghana
 
  • Oti Region
Addae et al. (2026)
  • Western Region
    • Tarkwa
Mücke et al. (1999)
Greece
 
  • South Aegean
    • Milos
      • Milos Island
Kilias +6 other references
    • Paros
      • Paros
        • Vounia Lefkon
Tombros et al. (2023)
India
 
  • Andhra Pradesh
    • Visakhapatnam District
Roy (1960)
    • Vizianagaram District
Sivaprakash (1980)
Sivaprakash (1981)
Sivaprakash (1980)
Sivaprakash (1980)
  • Indian Plate
    • Eastern Ghats Belt
Yadav (2022)
  • Karnataka
    • Ballari District
      • Bellary-Hospet iron belt
        • Sandur
Rao et al. (1979)
  • Madhya Pradesh
    • Jabalpur Division
      • Balaghat District
Dasgupta et al. (1987)
      • Chhindwara District
Roy et al. (1968)
    • Jhabua District
Tait et al. (2005)
  • Maharashtra
    • Nagpur Division
      • Bhandara District
Dasgupta et al. (1984) +1 other reference
Roy (1968)
  • Odisha
    • Rayagada District
Acharya et al. (1997)
    • Sundargarh District (Sundergarh District)
Nicholson et al. (1997)
Iran
 
  • Sistan and Baluchestan Province
    • Zahedan County
      • Dehoo
Lotfi et al. (2017)
Israel
 
AmMin 45:734
  • Southern District
    • Beersheba Subdistrict
      • Tamar Regional Council
        • Hatrurim Basin
          • Wadi Zohar
Galuskin et al. (2024)
Galuskin et al. (2016)
Galuskina et al. (2026)
Italy
 
  • Aosta Valley
    • Saint-Marcel
      • Servette-Chuc mining complex
Cenki-Tok et al. (2006)
  • Lombardy
    • Sondrio Province
      • Lanzada
- (n.d.)
Oberti et al. (2018)
  • Sardinia
    • Sassari Province
      • Uri
Fadda (1989)
  • Sicily
    • Metropolitan City of Messina
      • Nizza di Sicilia
Rendiconti della Società Mineralogica Italiana et al. (abstract) +1 other reference
Japan
 
  • Aichi Prefecture
    • Kitashitara County
      • Shitara
Fukuoka (1981)
  • Fukui Prefecture
    • Mikatakaminaka District
      • Wakasa-cho
加藤昭 (1980) +1 other reference
  • Fukuoka Prefecture
- (n.d.)
  • Fukushima Prefecture
    • Iwaki City
MATSUBARA et al. (1996)
  • Gunma Prefecture
    • Kiryu City
Minerals in Japan (Field Best Encyclopedia V. 15, 2003)
Matsubara Satoshi et al. (1980)
FUKUOKA et al. (1977)
    • Midori City
      • Seta
- (n.d.) +1 other reference
University of Tokyo collection
  • Iwate Prefecture
    • Karumai
- (n.d.)
    • Kuji City
      • Yamagata
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
Fukuoka (1981)
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
    • Kunohe-gun
      • Noda
Watanabe (1959)
- (n.d.)
    • Kuzumaki
Tanida et al. (1982)
    • Morioka City
- (n.d.)
    • Shimohei District
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
      • Tanohata
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
      • Yamada-machi
- (n.d.)
      • Yamada
- (n.d.)
  • Kochi Prefecture
    • Kami City
加藤昭 (1980)
    • Kochi City
Takabatake (1956)
    • Nankoku city
      • Ananai mine
Nakagawa et al. (2009)
  • Kyoto Prefecture
    • Kyoto City
      • Kita-ku
Yamada (2004)
      • Ukyou-ku
Masutomi Museum specimens
    • Nantan City
      • Miyama
Yamada (2004)
Yamada (2004)
    • Soraku District
      • Wazuka-cho
  • Mie Prefecture
    • Toba City
Yamada (2004)
  • Miyazaki Prefecture
    • Nishiusuki District
      • Takachiho
Uehara et al. (2014)
  • Nagano Prefecture
    • Kamiina District
Fukuoka (1981)
Akira Kato (2011)
Akira Kato (2011)
  • Saga Prefecture
    • Karatsu City
      • Kyuuragi-machi
- (n.d.) +1 other reference
  • Saitama Prefecture
    • Chichibu City
      • Urayama
K. Nishikubo et al. (2005)
    • Hanno City
Yamada (2004)
Kato (2010)
  • Shiga Prefecture
    • Gamo District
Yamada (2004)
    • Kusatsu City
Katsu Kaneko (1956)
    • Otsu City
Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto)
    • Takashima City
Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto)
Yamada (2004)
  • Tochigi Prefecture
加藤昭 (1980) +1 other reference
Hiroaki Tano specimens. +1 other reference
    • Kanuma City
Akira Kato (undated manuscript) +1 other reference
University of Tokyo collection
Petrov (n.d.)
University of Tokyo collection
  • Tokyo Metropolis
    • Nishitama district
      • Okutama-cho
加藤昭 (1980) +1 other reference
  • Wakayama Prefecture
    • Iwade city
      • Afuzu-mura
BANNO et al. (2012) +1 other reference
    • Tanabe City
Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto)
  • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    • Iwakuni City
Lee (1955)
Kazakhstan
 
  • Akmola Region
Dyussembayeva et al. (2013)
  • Ulytau Region
    • Karazhal
Kayupova (1965) +1 other reference
Kayupova (1964)
      • Zhayrem (Zhairem)
Frank Dzubeck +3 other references
    • Zhanaarka District
      • Atasu Mine
Kayupova (1963)
Kenya
 
  • Nandi County
A. N. Zaitsev et al. (2013)
Madagascar
 
  • Atsimo-Andrefana
    • Ampanihy District
      • Maniry
Dekoninck et al. (2024)
Mexico
 
  • Chihuahua
    • Aquiles Serdán Municipality
Megaw (2023)
Middle East
 
Vapnik et al. (2014)
Mongolia
 
  • Sühbaatar Province
    • Baruun-Urt District
Gottesmann et al. (2009) +1 other reference
Morocco
 
  • Béni Mellal-Khénifra Region
    • Azilal Province
Varentsov (1996)
Namibia
 
  • Otjozondjupa Region
    • Omatako Constituency
von Bezing (2007) +2 other references
    • Otavi Constituency
      • Kombat
American Mineralogist +1 other reference
Criddle et al. (1990)
North Macedonia
 
  • Probistip Municipality
    • Kratovo-Zletovo ore district
Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Norway
 
  • Nordland
    • Lødingen
      • Vestpolltind
Krogh (1977)
  • Telemark
    • Tokke
      • Botnedal
Westerweld (1961)
Pacific Ocean
 
  • Sea of Japan
Volokhin et al. (2020, April)
Papua New Guinea
 
  • Oro Province
Cabri et al. (2022)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Wrocław County
      • Gmina Kobierzyce
Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & pXRF data (paper in preparation)
Romania
 
  • Maramureș County
    • Târgu Lăpuș
Udubasa et al. (1996) +3 other references
  • Suceava County
    • Iacobeni
minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)
      • Tolovanu
Hîrtopanu (1997) +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Bashkortostan
Brusnitsyn et al. (2009)
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Yelizovsky District
Okrugin et al. (an Example of Mutnovsky Geothermal Area, Southern Kamchatka) +1 other reference
  • Primorsky Krai
    • Khasansky District
Timofeeva et al. (2014)
Slovakia
 
  • Košice Region
    • Rožňava District
Szakáll et al. (2013)
Martin Števko-unpublished +1 other reference
      • Dobšiná
Ozdín et al. (2010)
South Africa
 
  • Northern Cape
    • John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality
      • Joe Morolong Local Municipality
Coetzee et al. (2024)
        • Hotazel
Wilson et al. (1978)
Miyano et al. (1987)
Preston (2009) +1 other reference
Fitton (2022) +1 other reference
        • N'Chwaning Mines
Cairncross et al. (1995)
South African Micromount Society (2014)
Cairncross et al. (1995)
    • Namakwa District Municipality
      • Khâi-Ma Local Municipality
        • Aggeneys
Rozendaal et al. (2017)
      • Okiep Copper District
        • Nababeep
          • Nababeep tungsten mines
Söhnge (1950)
Spain
 
  • Balearic Islands
    • Majorca
      • Llucmajor
Onac et al. (2014) +1 other reference
  • Basque Country
    • Guipúzcoa (Gipuzkoa)
      • Deba
Onac (2025)
  • Canary Islands
    • Las Palmas Province
      • Fuerteventura
        • Fuerteventura Basal Complex
Casillas et al. (2024)
    • Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province
      • Tenerife
Dill et al. (2023)
Dill et al. (2023)
Sudan
 
  • Red Sea
    • Red Sea Hills
      • Derudeb District
www.gras-sd.com (2004)
Sweden
 
  • Dalarna County
    • Hedemora
      • Garpenberg
Min Mag 66 (2)
  • Örebro County
    • Hällefors
      • Grythyttan
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
    • Lindesberg
      • Nyberget
Roy (1972)
Igelström (1890)
Holtstam (1997)
Koark (1970)
  • Värmland County
    • Filipstad
Damman (1989)
      • Långban Ore District
Nordenskiöld (1877) +2 other references
Wiklund et al. (2003)
Nysten (2014)
Lorin (2003)
      • Nordmark mining district
        • Jakobsberg ore field
Foshag (1928) +2 other references
Gatedal (n.d.) +1 other reference
Holtstam et al. (1995)
Nysten (2003)
Magnusson (1929) +1 other reference
Magnusson (1929) +1 other reference
      • Persberg ore district
        • Pajsberg
Nysten (2003)
  • Västmanland County
    • Norberg
Ounchanum et al. (1987)
Nysten (2020)
Nysten et al. (2016)
  • Västra Götaland County
    • Åmål
      • Strandhem ore field
Holtstam +6 other references
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Viamala Region
      • Ferrera
        • Ausserferrera
Stalder et al. (1998)
Brugger J. (1996) +1 other reference
  • St. Gallen
    • Sarganserland
      • Sargans
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Valais
    • Leuk
      • Turtmann-Unterems
        • Turtmann Valley
          • Pipjitälli
Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference
    • Visp
      • Täsch
        • Täsch Valley
Stalder et al. (1998)
Tanzania
 
  • Arusha Region
    • Monduli District
Zaitsev (2010)
Mitchell et al. (2021)
Turkey
 
  • Denizli Province
    • Tavas
      • Ulukent
Öztürk (1997)
  • Yozgat Province
    • Sorgun District
Oksuz (2018)
    • Yozgat District
Oksuz (2018)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Lostwithiel
Cotterell (2010)
  • Wales
    • Gwynedd
      • Aberdaron
        • Nant-y-Gadwen
Cotterell (2006)
        • Rhiw
Liferovich et al. (2006)
      • Llanfair
Cotterell (2013)
Ukraine
 
  • Ternopil Oblast
    • Chortkiv Raion
      • Ivane-Zolote
Sungatullin et al. (2018)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
      • Bisbee
        • Escabrosa Ridge
Grant et al. (2005)
  • California
    • Nevada County
      • Spenceville Mining District
        • Limekiln
Flohr (1992) +1 other reference
Flohr et al. (1992)
    • Trinity County
      • Klamath Mountains
        • Trinity Mountains
          • Altoona Mining District
            • Boulder Peak
- (2005)
  • Connecticut
    • Middlesex County
      • Haddam
Schooner (circa 1980s)
  • Georgia
    • Cherokee County
      • Victoria (Nahenta)
Rocks & Min.:64:189 +1 other reference
  • Massachusetts
    • Hampshire County
      • Plainfield
Plante (1992)
  • Michigan
    • Iron County
      • Iron River
        • Mineral Hills
          • Homer-Wauseca Group
Shawn Carlson (2010)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
      • Champion Township
        • Champion
Rocks & Minerals: 61:328. +1 other reference
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Franklin
Frondel et al. (1965) +2 other references
  • North Carolina
    • Alleghany County
      • Sparta
        • Bald Knob
Rocks & Min.: 60:130-135.
  • Utah
    • Juab County
Johannes Peter +4 other references
  • Virginia
    • Pittsylvania County
      • James River-Roanoke River Mn-Fe-Ba Mining District
Beard et al. (2002) +1 other reference
  • Washington
    • Clallam County
      • Lake Crescent Area
Cannon (1975)
Cannon (1975)
    • Jefferson County
Cannon (1975)
Cannon (1975)
    • Mason County
      • North Fork of the Skokomish River Area
Cannon (1975)
Cannon (1975)
Vietnam
 
  • East Vietnam Sea
Xuan et al. (2020)
 
and/or  
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