Zincochromite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Zincochromite
Formula:
ZnCr2O4
Colour:
Brown, brownish-grey in reflected light
Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
5.434 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named as the zinc analogue of Chromite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4412
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4412:3
IMA Classification of Zincochromite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Zn2+Cr3+2O4
Approval year:
1986
Classification of Zincochromite
4.BB.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
7.2.3.6
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7.14.10
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
14 : Oxides of Cr
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
14 : Oxides of Cr
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Zchr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Zincochromite
Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Brown, brownish-grey in reflected light
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=620 - Vickers
Density:
5.434 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Zincochromite
Type:
Isotropic
Colour in reflected light:
brownish gray
Internal Reflections:
brown - rare
Chemistry of Zincochromite
Mindat Formula:
ZnCr2O4
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Zincochromite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fd3m
Setting:
Fd3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.3271(2) Å
Unit Cell V:
577.41 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0003811 | Zincochromite | Levy D, Diella V, Pavese A, Dapiaggi M, Sani A (2005) P-V equation of state, thermal expansion, and P-T stability of synthetic zincochromite (ZnCr2O4 spinel) American Mineralogist 90 1157-1162 | ![]() | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003810 | Zincochromite | Levy D, Diella V, Pavese A, Dapiaggi M, Sani A (2005) P-V equation of state, thermal expansion, and P-T stability of synthetic zincochromite (ZnCr2O4 spinel) American Mineralogist 90 1157-1162 | ![]() | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003809 | Zincochromite | Levy D, Diella V, Pavese A, Dapiaggi M, Sani A (2005) P-V equation of state, thermal expansion, and P-T stability of synthetic zincochromite (ZnCr2O4 spinel) American Mineralogist 90 1157-1162 | ![]() | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003808 | Zincochromite | Levy D, Diella V, Pavese A, Dapiaggi M, Sani A (2005) P-V equation of state, thermal expansion, and P-T stability of synthetic zincochromite (ZnCr2O4 spinel) American Mineralogist 90 1157-1162 | ![]() | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003807 | Zincochromite | Levy D, Diella V, Pavese A, Dapiaggi M, Sani A (2005) P-V equation of state, thermal expansion, and P-T stability of synthetic zincochromite (ZnCr2O4 spinel) American Mineralogist 90 1157-1162 | ![]() | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003806 | Zincochromite | Levy D, Diella V, Pavese A, Dapiaggi M, Sani A (2005) P-V equation of state, thermal expansion, and P-T stability of synthetic zincochromite (ZnCr2O4 spinel) American Mineralogist 90 1157-1162 | ![]() | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003805 | Zincochromite | Levy D, Diella V, Pavese A, Dapiaggi M, Sani A (2005) P-V equation of state, thermal expansion, and P-T stability of synthetic zincochromite (ZnCr2O4 spinel) American Mineralogist 90 1157-1162 | ![]() | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003804 | Zincochromite | Levy D, Diella V, Pavese A, Dapiaggi M, Sani A (2005) P-V equation of state, thermal expansion, and P-T stability of synthetic zincochromite (ZnCr2O4 spinel) American Mineralogist 90 1157-1162 | ![]() | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003803 | Zincochromite | Levy D, Diella V, Pavese A, Dapiaggi M, Sani A (2005) P-V equation of state, thermal expansion, and P-T stability of synthetic zincochromite (ZnCr2O4 spinel) American Mineralogist 90 1157-1162 | ![]() | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003802 | Zincochromite | Levy D, Diella V, Pavese A, Dapiaggi M, Sani A (2005) P-V equation of state, thermal expansion, and P-T stability of synthetic zincochromite (ZnCr2O4 spinel) American Mineralogist 90 1157-1162 | ![]() | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0003801 | Zincochromite | Levy D, Diella V, Pavese A, Dapiaggi M, Sani A (2005) P-V equation of state, thermal expansion, and P-T stability of synthetic zincochromite (ZnCr2O4 spinel) American Mineralogist 90 1157-1162 | ![]() | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0007846 | Zincochromite | O'Neill H St C, Dollase W A (1994) Crystal structures and cation distributions in simple spinels from powder XRD structural refinements: MgCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, Fe3O4 and the temperature dependence of the cation distribution in ZnAl2O4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 541-555 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007833 | Zincochromite | O'Neill H St C, Dollase W A (1994) Crystal structures and cation distributions in simple spinels from powder XRD structural refinements: MgCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, Fe3O4 and the temperature dependence of the cation distribution in ZnAl2O4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 541-555 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007828 | Zincochromite | O'Neill H St C, Dollase W A (1994) Crystal structures and cation distributions in simple spinels from powder XRD structural refinements: MgCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, Fe3O4 and the temperature dependence of the cation distribution in ZnAl2O4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 541-555 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007823 | Zincochromite | O'Neill H St C, Dollase W A (1994) Crystal structures and cation distributions in simple spinels from powder XRD structural refinements: MgCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, Fe3O4 and the temperature dependence of the cation distribution in ZnAl2O4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 541-555 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007816 | Zincochromite | O'Neill H St C, Dollase W A (1994) Crystal structures and cation distributions in simple spinels from powder XRD structural refinements: MgCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, Fe3O4 and the temperature dependence of the cation distribution in ZnAl2O4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 541-555 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007802 | Zincochromite | O'Neill H St C, Dollase W A (1994) Crystal structures and cation distributions in simple spinels from powder XRD structural refinements: MgCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, Fe3O4 and the temperature dependence of the cation distribution in ZnAl2O4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 541-555 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007780 | Zincochromite | O'Neill H St C, Dollase W A (1994) Crystal structures and cation distributions in simple spinels from powder XRD structural refinements: MgCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, Fe3O4 and the temperature dependence of the cation distribution in ZnAl2O4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 541-555 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007775 | Zincochromite | O'Neill H St C, Dollase W A (1994) Crystal structures and cation distributions in simple spinels from powder XRD structural refinements: MgCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, Fe3O4 and the temperature dependence of the cation distribution in ZnAl2O4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 541-555 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007770 | Zincochromite | O'Neill H St C, Dollase W A (1994) Crystal structures and cation distributions in simple spinels from powder XRD structural refinements: MgCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, Fe3O4 and the temperature dependence of the cation distribution in ZnAl2O4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 541-555 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007765 | Zincochromite | O'Neill H St C, Dollase W A (1994) Crystal structures and cation distributions in simple spinels from powder XRD structural refinements: MgCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, Fe3O4 and the temperature dependence of the cation distribution in ZnAl2O4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 541-555 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0012909 | Zincochromite | Raccah P M, Bouchard R J, Wold A (1966) Locality: synthetic Crystallographic study of chromium spinels Journal of Applied Physics 37 1436-1437 | 1966 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0018130 | Zincochromite | Passerini L (1930) Ricerche sugli Spinelle.- II. I composti. Cu Al2 O4, Mg Al2 O4, Mg Fe2 O4, Zn Al2 O4, Zn Cr2 O4, Zn Fe2 O4, Mn Fe2 O4 _cod_database_code 1011278 Gazzetta Chimica Italiana 60 389-399 | 1930 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.519 Å | (100) |
| 2.954 Å | (50) |
| 1.476 Å | (35) |
| 1.607 Å | (30) |
| 2.088 Å | (25) |
| 4.822 Å | (15) |
| 1.705 Å | (15) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 8 : Mafic igneous rocks | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56) | <0.36 |
Type Occurrence of Zincochromite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, 1238/1.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Zincochromite
Other Language Names for Zincochromite
Relationship of Zincochromite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Spinel Subgroup:
| Chihmingite | NiAl2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Chromite | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Cochromite | CoCr2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Coulsonite | Fe2+V3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Cuprospinel | Cu2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Dellagiustaite | V2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Deltalumite | (Al0.67◻0.33)Al2O4 | Tet. 42m : P4m2 |
| Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Guite | Co2+Co3+2O4 | Iso. |
| Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| 'Jacobsite-Q' | Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 | Iso. 432 : P4132 |
| Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) |
| Magnesioferrite | MgFe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Manganochromite | Mn2+Cr2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| 'Nichromite' | (Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Spinel | MgAl2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Thermaerogenite | CuAl2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| Titanomaghemite | (Ti4+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+2O4 | Iso. 432 : P4332 |
| Trevorite | Ni2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| 'UM1994-06-O:AlCo' | CoAl2O4 | |
| Vuorelainenite | Mn2+V3+2O4 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Zincochromite associated with 'Fuchsite' | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Zincochromite associated with Clausthalite | PbSe |
| 1 photo of Zincochromite associated with Roscoelite | KV3+2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Zincochromite associated with Chromceladonite | K(MgCr◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Zincochromite associated with Mertieite | Pd8Sb2.5As0.5 |
| 1 photo of Zincochromite associated with 'Magnesiochromite-Spinel Series' | |
| 1 photo of Zincochromite associated with Isomertieite | Pd11Sb2As2 |
| 1 photo of Zincochromite associated with Pseudomertieite | Pd11(Sb,As)4 |
| 1 photo of Zincochromite associated with Caysichite-(Y) | (Ca,Yb,Er)4Y4(Si8O20)(CO3)6(OH) · 7H2O |
| 1 photo of Zincochromite associated with Native Gold | Au |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.BB. | Chenmingite | FeCr2O4 |
| 4.BB. | Thermaerogenite | CuAl2O4 |
| 4.BB. | Chukochenite | LiAl5O8 |
| 4.BB. | Elgoresyite | (Mg5Si2)O9 |
| 4.BB. | Jianmuite | ZrTi4+Ti3+5Al3O16 |
| 4.BB. | Dellagiustaite | V2+Al2O4 |
| 4.BB. | Garpenbergite | Mn6◻AsSbO10(OH)2 |
| 4.BB. | Magnéliite | Ti3+2Ti4+2O7 |
| 4.BB.05 | Qandilite | (Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Chromite | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Filipstadite | (Fe3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mn2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Wernerkrauseite | Ca(Fe3+,Mn3+)2Mn4+O6 |
| 4.BB.05 | Harmunite | CaFe2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Deltalumite | (Al0.67◻0.33)Al2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Cochromite | CoCr2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | 'Nichromite' | (Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Guite | Co2+Co3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Coulsonite | Fe2+V3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Vuorelainenite | Mn2+V3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Cuprospinel | Cu2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Manganochromite | Mn2+Cr2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Trevorite | Ni2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Magnesioferrite | MgFe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.05 | Ulvöspinel | TiFe2+2O4 |
| 4.BB.10 | Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.10 | Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 |
| 4.BB.10 | Manganostibite | (Mn,Fe)7SbAsO12 |
| 4.BB.15 | Titanomaghemite | (Ti4+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.15 | Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 |
| 4.BB.20 | Tegengrenite | (Mn3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mg2O4 |
| 4.BB.25 | Xieite | Fe2+Cr2O4 |
| 4.BB.30 | Carmeltazite | ZrAl2Ti4O11 |
| 4.BB.35 | Feiite | Fe2+2(Fe2+Ti4+)O5 |
| 4.BB.40 | Maohokite | MgFe2O4 |
| 4.BB.45 | Tschaunerite | (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4 |
Other Information
Magnetism:
Paramagnetic
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Zincochromite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4412.html
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References for Zincochromite
Reference List:
O'Neill, H. St. C., Dollase, W. A. (1994) Crystal structures and cation distributions in simple spinels from powder XRD structural refinements: MgCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, Fe3O4 and the temperature dependence of the cation distribution in ZnAl2O4. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 20 (8) 541-555 doi:10.1007/bf00211850
Levy, D. (2005) P-V equation of State, thermal expansion, and P-T stability of synthetic zincochromite (ZnCr2O4 spinel). American Mineralogist, 90 (7). 1157-1162 doi:10.2138/am.2005.1755
Johan, Z., Ohnenstetter, D. (2010) Zincochromite from the Guaniamo River diamondiferous placers, Venezuela: Evidence of its metasomatic origin. The Canadian Mineralogist, 48 (2). 361-374 doi:10.3749/canmin.48.2.361
Halenius, U., Andreozzi, G. B., Skogby, H. (2010) Structural relaxation around Cr3+ and the red-green color change in the spinel (sensu stricto)-magnesiochromite (MgAl2O4-MgCr2O4) and gahnite-zincochromite (ZnAl2O4-ZnCr2O4) solid-solution series. American Mineralogist, 95 (4) 456-462 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3388
Localities for Zincochromite
Showing 17 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Espeche et al. () |
Australia | |
| ... +1 other reference |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
Finland | |
| Geological Survey of Finland (2017) |
Ghana | |
| - (1997) |
India | |
| Mallick et al. (2005, March) |
Jordan | |
| Galuskina et al. (2021) |
North Macedonia | |
| Ermolaeva et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
| Chukanov et al. (2018) +1 other reference | |
Russia | |
| doi.org (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Nesterov et al. (1987) +1 other reference |
| Pekov (1998) | |
| Popov et al. (2019) |
| Popov et al. (2019) | |
Venezuela | |
| Johan et al. (2010) |
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The
Brennkogel north slope, Fusch an der Grossglocknerstrasse, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria