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Surinamite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Surinamite

"Christmas Point" pegmatite, Khmara Bay, Casey Bay, Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East Antarctica, Antarctica

Surinamite

"Christmas Point" pegmatite, Khmara Bay, Casey Bay, Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East Antarctica, Antarctica

Surinamite

"Zircon Point" pegmatite, Khmara Bay, Casey Bay, Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East Antarctica, Antarctica

Surinamite

"Christmas Point" pegmatite, Khmara Bay, Casey Bay, Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East Antarctica, Antarctica

Surinamite

"Christmas Point" pegmatite, Khmara Bay, Casey Bay, Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East Antarctica, Antarctica

Surinamite

"Zircon Point" pegmatite, Khmara Bay, Casey Bay, Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East Antarctica, Antarctica

Surinamite

"Christmas Point" pegmatite, Khmara Bay, Casey Bay, Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East Antarctica, Antarctica

Surinamite

"Christmas Point" pegmatite, Khmara Bay, Casey Bay, Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East Antarctica, Antarctica

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About SurinamiteHide

Flag of Surinam

Formula:

(Mg,Fe)₃Al₄BeSi₃O₁₆

Colour:

Blue-green, dark blue

Lustre:

Vitreous

Specific Gravity:

3.3

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Member of:

Sapphirine Supergroup

Name:

Named after Surinam where the mineral was discovered in the Bakhuis Mountains.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Bakhuis Mountains, Sipaliwini District, Suriname

An unassigned member of the Sapphirine Supergroup (Grew et al. 2008, Mills et al. 2009).

Only the 1M-polytype is known in nature. A Be-free analogue is known as 'UM1988-26-SiO:AlMg'.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3830

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3830:6

IMA Classification of SurinamiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Mg₃Al₃O[Si₃BeAlO₁₅]

Approval year:

1974

First published:

1976

Type description reference:

De Roever, Emond, W. F., Kieft, C., Murray, Ed, Klein, Eildert, Drucker, Willem H. (1976) Surinamite, a new Mg-Al silicate from the Bakhuis Mountains, western Surinam - I. Description, occurrence, and conditions of formation. American Mineralogist, 61 (3-4). 193-196

Classification of SurinamiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.DH.55

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si₄O₁₂

Dana 8th ed.:

69.2.1b.2

69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
2 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with P>2

Hey's CIM Ref.:

16.6.7

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
6 : Aluminosilicates of Be

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Sum	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of SurinamiteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

Blue-green, dark blue

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
One well-developed perpendicular to {010}.

Density:

3.3 g/cm³ (Measured) 3.58 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of SurinamiteHide

Type:

Biaxial (-)

RI values:

n_α = 1.738 n_β = 1.743 n_γ = 1.746

2V:

Measured: 67° to 68°, Calculated: 74°

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.008
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.

Thickness: 30 µm

Stage rotation: 0°

Dispersion:

r > v moderate

Pleochroism:

Visible

Comments:

: Y = violet; parallel to cleavage = bright blue-green; perpendicular to cleavage = very light greenish brown to colorless.

Chemistry of SurinamiteHide

Mindat Formula:

(Mg,Fe)₃Al₄BeSi₃O₁₆

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	48.291 %
Al	20.360 %
Si	15.894 %
Mg	13.755 %
Be	1.700 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, Be, Fe, Mg, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Ti,Mn,Zn,Ca,F

Crystallography of SurinamiteHide

Polytype:

Formula:

Crystal System:

Class (H-M)

Space Group:

Space Group Setting:

Cell Parameters:

Ratio:

Unit Cell Volume (calc):

Comment:

Surinamite-1M
(Mg,Fe)₃Al₄BeSi₃O₁₆

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Temp (K)
0002765	Surinamite	Barbier J, Grew E S, Halenius E, Halenius U, Yates M G (2002) The role of iron and cation order in the crystal chemistry of surinamite, (Mg,Fe)3(Al,Fe)3O[AlBeSi3O15]: A crystal structure, Mossbauer spectroscopic, and optical spectroscopic study American Mineralogist 87 501-513	2002	293
0006762	Surinamite	Barbier J (1998) Crystal structures of sapphirine and surinamite analogues in the MgO-Ga2O3-GeO2 system European Journal of Mineralogy 10 1283-1293	1998	293
0000907	Surinamite	Moore P B, Araki T (1983) Surinamite, ca. Mg3Al4Si3BeO16: its crystal structure and relation to sapphirine, ca. Mg2.8Al7.2Si1.2O16 American Mineralogist 68 804-810	1983	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Surinamite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Barbier J'
'Grew E S'
'Halenius E'
'Halenius U'
'Yates M G'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 87 
_journal_year 2002
_journal_page_first 501
_journal_page_last 513
_publ_section_title
;
 The role of iron and cation order in the crystal chemistry of surinamite,
 (Mg,Fe)3(Al,Fe)3O[AlBeSi3O15]: A crystal structure, Mossbauer spectroscopic,
 and optical spectroscopic study
;
_database_code_amcsd 0002765
_chemical_formula_sum 'Mg2.27 Fe1.125 Al3.605 Be Si3 O16'
_cell_length_a 9.915
_cell_length_b 11.368
_cell_length_c 9.617
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 109.30
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 1023.050
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.665
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 1 2/n 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2-x,y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Mg1   0.47690   0.65771   0.25890   0.57000 ?
Fe1   0.47690   0.65771   0.25890   0.43000 ?
Fe2   0.50136   0.37756   0.26862   0.23000 ?
Al2   0.50136   0.37756   0.26862   0.77000 ?
Fe3   0.50233   0.11433   0.25462   0.12000 ?
Al3   0.50233   0.11433   0.25462   0.88000 ?
Mg4   0.25000   0.25304   0.25000   0.91000 ?
Fe4   0.25000   0.25304   0.25000   0.09000 ?
Mg5   0.25000   0.96605   0.25000   0.89000 ?
Fe5   0.25000   0.96605   0.25000   0.11000 ?
Fe6   0.75000   0.51185   0.25000   0.03000 ?
Al6   0.75000   0.51185   0.25000   0.97000 ?
Mg7   0.75000   0.25557   0.25000   0.72000 ?
Fe7   0.75000   0.25557   0.25000   0.28000 ?
Mg8   0.75000   0.97415   0.25000   0.88000 ?
Fe8   0.75000   0.97415   0.25000   0.12000 ?
Fe9   0.00000   0.50000   0.50000   0.06000 ?
Al9   0.00000   0.50000   0.50000   0.94000 ?
Be1   0.32370   0.75235   0.45699   0.97000 ?
Si1   0.32370   0.75235   0.45699   0.03000 ?
Si2   0.07701   0.88375   0.44837   1.00000 ?
Al3   0.30667   0.50194   0.43710   0.03000 ?
Si3   0.30667   0.50194   0.43710   0.97000 ?
Si4   0.56921   0.87998   0.44768   1.00000 ?
Be5   0.83025   0.74469   0.45266   0.03000 ?
Al5   0.83025   0.74469   0.45266   0.97000 ?
O1   0.11660   0.99888   0.37094   1.00000 ?
O2   0.61422   0.99433   0.37211   1.00000 ?
O3   0.87653   0.11306   0.37006   1.00000 ?
O4   0.37590   0.11535   0.37102   1.00000 ?
O5   0.90338   0.86363   0.38764   1.00000 ?
O6   0.39921   0.85516   0.38787   1.00000 ?
O7   0.61033   0.24682   0.36261   1.00000 ?
O8   0.64468   0.76550   0.39776   1.00000 ?
O9   0.10797   0.25107   0.35475   1.00000   0.00620
O10   0.14979   0.76909   0.40325   1.00000   0.00700
O11   0.35862   0.62618   0.39168   1.00000   0.00700
O12   0.37004   0.39300   0.36835   1.00000 ?
O13   0.88128   0.61979   0.37268   1.00000 ?
O14   0.88404   0.40002   0.35400   1.00000 ?
O15   0.63220   0.50604   0.37974   1.00000 ?
O16   0.12766   0.49863   0.38238   1.00000 ?
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Mg1 0.00647 0.00902 0.00517 -0.00087 0.00189 0.00020
Fe1 0.00647 0.00902 0.00517 -0.00087 0.00189 0.00020
Fe2 0.00525 0.00683 0.00629 -0.00034 0.00209 -0.00018
Al2 0.00525 0.00683 0.00629 -0.00034 0.00209 -0.00018
Fe3 0.00550 0.00710 0.00549 0.00005 0.00173 0.00019
Al3 0.00550 0.00710 0.00549 0.00005 0.00173 0.00019
Mg4 0.00540 0.00780 0.00650 0.00000 0.00270 0.00000
Fe4 0.00540 0.00780 0.00650 0.00000 0.00270 0.00000
Mg5 0.00500 0.00860 0.00570 0.00000 0.00160 0.00000
Fe5 0.00500 0.00860 0.00570 0.00000 0.00160 0.00000
Fe6 0.00510 0.00720 0.00510 0.00000 0.00060 0.00000
Al6 0.00510 0.00720 0.00510 0.00000 0.00060 0.00000
Mg7 0.00530 0.00670 0.00810 0.00000 0.00310 0.00000
Fe7 0.00530 0.00670 0.00810 0.00000 0.00310 0.00000
Mg8 0.00500 0.00790 0.00590 0.00000 0.00160 0.00000
Fe8 0.00500 0.00790 0.00590 0.00000 0.00160 0.00000
Fe9 0.00570 0.00740 0.00420 0.00010 0.00070 -0.00040
Al9 0.00570 0.00740 0.00420 0.00010 0.00070 -0.00040
Be1 0.00340 0.00640 0.00440 0.00020 0.00050 0.00070
Si1 0.00340 0.00640 0.00440 0.00020 0.00050 0.00070
Si2 0.00431 0.00617 0.00316 -0.00002 0.00093 0.00009
Al3 0.00460 0.00664 0.00332 -0.00015 0.00092 -0.00018
Si3 0.00460 0.00664 0.00332 -0.00015 0.00092 -0.00018
Si4 0.00435 0.00618 0.00304 0.00024 0.00087 0.00007
Be5 0.00450 0.00530 0.00331 0.00020 0.00105 -0.00005
Al5 0.00450 0.00530 0.00331 0.00020 0.00105 -0.00005
O1 0.00580 0.00780 0.00580 -0.00010 0.00230 0.00080
O2 0.00610 0.00710 0.00600 0.00000 0.00240 -0.00120
O3 0.00560 0.00820 0.00380 -0.00020 0.00100 -0.00040
O4 0.00570 0.00830 0.00390 0.00020 0.00120 0.00000
O5 0.00550 0.00740 0.00590 0.00010 0.00130 0.00130
O6 0.00470 0.00890 0.00580 0.00060 0.00060 -0.00110
O7 0.00560 0.00960 0.00450 0.00070 0.00130 0.00000
O8 0.00590 0.00810 0.00710 0.00030 0.00290 0.00000
O12 0.00670 0.00850 0.00620 -0.00020 0.00110 0.00080
O13 0.00580 0.00670 0.00550 0.00030 0.00100 -0.00050
O14 0.00600 0.00690 0.00490 0.00020 0.00130 0.00030
O15 0.00690 0.01060 0.00400 0.00030 0.00180 0.00020
O16 0.00560 0.00920 0.00560 -0.00060 0.00200 -0.00050

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)

Type Occurrence of SurinamiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Bakhuis Mountains, Sipaliwini District, Suriname

General Appearance of Type Material:

platy crystals to 0.2mm

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Geological and Mining Service, Paramaribo, Surinam, EW1115.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

mylonitic mesoperthite gneiss

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Reference:

Synonyms of SurinamiteHide

IMA1974-053

Other Language Names for SurinamiteHide

Dutch:Surinamiet

German:Surinamit

Russian:Суринамит

Spanish:Surinamita

Relationship of Surinamite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Sapphirine Supergroup

Other Members of Sapphirine Supergroup:

Aenigmatite Group	A subgroup of the Sapphirine Supergroup.
Beckettite	Ca₂V₆Al₆O₂₀	Tric. 1 : P1
Devilliersite	Ca₄Ca₂Fe³⁺₁₀O₄[(Fe³⁺₁₀Si₂)O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
Khesinite	Ca₄(Mg₃Fe³⁺₉)O₄(Fe³⁺₉Si₃)O₃₆	Tric. 1 : P1
Rhönite Group	Subgroup of the Sapphirine Supergroup.
Sapphirine Group	Subgroup of the Sapphirine Supergroup.
'UM1988-26-SiO:AlMg'	Mg₄Al₂O[Si₃Al₂O₁₅]

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

3 photos of Surinamite associated with Khmaralite	(Mg,Al,Fe)₁₆[(Al,Si,Be)₁₂O₃₆]O₄
2 photos of Surinamite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
1 photo of Surinamite associated with Kyanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
1 photo of Surinamite associated with Sillimanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.DH.	Devilliersite	Ca₄Ca₂Fe³⁺₁₀O₄[(Fe³⁺₁₀Si₂)O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.	'Gageite-2M'	(Mn,Mg,Zn)₄₂Si₁₆O₅₄(OH)₄₀	Mon. 2/m
9.DH.	Bavsiite	Ba₂V₂O₂[Si₄O₁₂]	Tet. 4/m : I4/m
9.DH.	Yuzuxiangite	Sr₃Fe³⁺(Si₂O₆)₂(OH) · 3H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.DH.	Louisfuchsite	Ca₂(Mg₄Ti₂)(Al₄Si₂)O₂₀	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.05	Leucophanite	NaCaBeSi₂O₆F	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
9.DH.10	Ohmilite	Sr₃(Ti,Fe³⁺)(Si₄O₁₂)(O,OH) · 2-3H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.DH.15	Haradaite	SrVSi₂O₇	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.DH.15	Suzukiite	BaVSi₂O₇	Orth.
9.DH.20	Shcherbakovite	(K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)₂(Si₄O₁₂)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.DH.20	Batisite	BaNaNaTi₂(Si₄O₁₂)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.DH.20	Noonkanbahite	BaKNaTi₂(Si₄O₁₂)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.DH.25	Taikanite	Sr₃BaMn²⁺₂(Si₄O₁₂)O₂	Mon. 2 : B2
9.DH.30	Krauskopfite	BaSi₂O₅ · 3H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.DH.35	Gageite	Mn₂₁(Si₄O₁₂)₂O₃(OH)₂₀	Mon. 2/m
9.DH.35	Balangeroite	(Mg,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺)₄₂Si₁₆O₅₄(OH)₄₀	Mon. 2/m
9.DH.40	Kuratite	Ca₂(Fe²⁺₅Ti)O₂[Si₄Al₂O₁₈]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Dorrite	Ca₄(Mg₃Fe³⁺₉)O₄(Si₃Al₈Fe³⁺O₃₆)	Tric.
9.DH.40	Serendibite	Ca₄[Mg₆Al₆]O₄[Si₆B₃Al₃O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Rhönite	Ca₄[Mg₈Fe³⁺₂Ti₂]O₄[Si₆Al₆O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Khesinite	Ca₄(Mg₃Fe³⁺₉)O₄(Fe³⁺₉Si₃)O₃₆	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	'UM1991-29-SiO:FeMgNa'	Na₄(Mg₅Fe³⁺₇)O₄[Si₉Fe³⁺₃O₃₆]
9.DH.40	Høgtuvaite	Ca₄[Fe²⁺₆Fe³⁺₆]O₄[Si₈Be₂Al₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	'Leucorhönite'	Ca₂(Mg,Fe³⁺,Al)₆(Si,Al)₆O₂₀	Tric.
9.DH.40	Welshite	Ca₄Mg₉Sb₃O₄[Si₆Be₃AlFe₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Wilkinsonite	Na₂Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺₂(Si₆O₁₈)O₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Krinovite	Na₂Mg₄Cr³⁺₂(Si₆O₁₈)O₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Makarochkinite	(Ca,Na)₄[Fe²⁺₈Fe³⁺₂Ti₂]O₄[Si₈Be₂Al₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.45	Sapphirine	Mg₄(Mg₃Al₉)O₄[Si₃Al₉O₃₆]	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.DH.50	Khmaralite	(Mg,Al,Fe)₁₆[(Al,Si,Be)₁₂O₃₆]O₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.DH.55	'UM1988-26-SiO:AlMg'	Mg₄Al₂O[Si₃Al₂O₁₅]
9.DH.60	Deerite	Fe²⁺₆Fe³⁺₃(Si₆O₁₇)O₃(OH)₅	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.DH.65	Taneyamalite	(Na,Ca)Mn²⁺₁₂(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₄₄	Tric.
9.DH.65	Howieite	Na(Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Al,Mg)₁₂(Si₆O₁₇)₂(O,OH)₁₀	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.70	Johninnesite	Na₂Mn²⁺₉Mg₇(OH)₈[AsO₄]₂[Si₆O₁₇]₂	Tric.
9.DH.75	Agrellite	NaCa₂Si₄O₁₀F	Tric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SurinamiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3830.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for SurinamiteHide

Reference List:

de Roever, E. M. F., Lattard, D., Schreyer, W. (1981) Surinamite: A beryllium-bearing mineral. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 76 (4) 472-473 doi:10.1007/bf00371489

Fleischer, M., Burns, R.G., Cabri, L.J., Francis, C.A., Pabst, A. (1982) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 67, 413-418.

More, Paul B., Araki, Takaharu (1983) Surinamite, ca. Mg₃Al4Si₃BeO₁₆: its crystal structure and relation to sapphirine, ca. Mg_2.8Al_7.2Si_1.2O₁₆. American Mineralogist, 68 (7-8) 804-810

Burt, D.M. (1994) Vector representation of some mineral compositions in the aenigmatite group, with special reference to hogtuvaite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 32: 449-457.

Jensen, B. B. (1996) Solid solution among members of the aenigmatite group. Mineralogical Magazine, 60 (403) 982-986 doi:10.1180/minmag.1996.060.403.14

Kunzmann, Thomas (1999) The aenigmatite-rhönite mineral group. European Journal of Mineralogy, 11 (4) 743-756 doi:10.1127/ejm/11/4/0743

Baba, Sotaro, Grew, Edward S., Shearer, Charles K., Sheraton, John W. (2000) Surinamite: A high-temperature metamorphic beryllosilicate from Lewisian sapphirine-bearing kyanite-orthopyroxene-quartz-potassium feldspar gneiss at South Harris, N.W. Scotland. American Mineralogist, 85 (10) 1474-1484 doi:10.2138/am-2000-1017

(2001) Surinamite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Barbier, Jacques, Grew, Edward S., Hålenius, Elke, Hålenius, Ulf, Yates, Martin G. (2002) The role of Fe and cation order in the crystal chemistry of surinamite, (Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+)3O[AlBeSi3O15]: A crystal structure, Mössbauer spectroscopic, and optical spectroscopic study. American Mineralogist, 87 (4) 501-513 doi:10.2138/am-2002-0413

Grew, E. S.; Hålenius, U.; Pasero, M.; Barbier, J. (2008) Recommended nomenclature for the sapphirine and surinamite groups (sapphirine supergroup). Mineralogical Magazine, 72 (4). p.839-876. doi:10.1180/minmag.2008.072.4.839

Mills, Stuart J., Hatert, Frédéric, Nickel, Ernest H., Ferraris, Giovanni (2009) The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals. European Journal of Mineralogy, 21 (5) 1073-1080 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994

Localities for SurinamiteHide

Showing 16 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Antarctica
East Antarctica Enderby Land ⓘ Napier Complex	gsa.confex.com (n.d.)
ⓘ Casey Bay	Grew (1981) +1 other reference
Khmara Bay ⓘ "Christmas Point" pegmatite	Grew (1981) +1 other reference
ⓘ "Zircon Point" pegmatite	Grew (1981) +2 other references
Tula Mountains Amundsen Bay Mount Pardoe ⓘ Mount Pardoe pegmatite	Baba et al. (2000) +1 other reference

Australia
Northern Territory Central Desert Region ⓘ Strangways Range	- (1976)

India
Andhra Pradesh Srikakulam District ⓘ ~~Sangam~~	Kumar et al. (1995) +1 other reference
Vizianagaram District ⓘ ~~Ayyanna Agraharam~~	Kumar et al. (1995) +1 other reference
ⓘ ~~Gajularega~~	Kumar et al. (1995) +1 other reference
ⓘ ~~Kothuru~~	Kumar et al. (1995) +1 other reference
ⓘ ~~Padmapuram~~	Kumar et al. (1995) +1 other reference
ⓘ ~~Panakupeta~~	Kumar et al. (1995) +1 other reference
ⓘ ~~Venugopalapurum~~	Kumar et al. (1995) +1 other reference

Suriname (TL)
Sipaliwini District ⓘ Bakhuis Mountains (TL)	De Roever et al. (1976)

UK
Scotland Outer Hebrides Isle of Lewis and Harris Harris ⓘ Surinamite-bearing gneiss locality	Baba et al. (2000)

Zambia
Eastern Province Chipangali District ⓘ Chimwala	de Roever et al. (1985)

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Surinamite

About SurinamiteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of SurinamiteHide

Classification of SurinamiteHide

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Physical Properties of SurinamiteHide

Optical Data of SurinamiteHide

Chemistry of SurinamiteHide

Crystallography of SurinamiteHide

Crystal StructureHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of SurinamiteHide

Synonyms of SurinamiteHide

Other Language Names for SurinamiteHide

Relationship of Surinamite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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References for SurinamiteHide

Localities for SurinamiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide