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Serendibite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Serendibite, etc.

Warren County, New York, USA

Serendibite

Mogok Township, Pyin-Oo-Lwin District, Mandalay Region, Myanmar

Serendibite, etc.

Armstrong farm, Johnsburg Village, Johnsburg, Warren County, New York, USA

Serendibite, etc.

Warren County, New York, USA

Serendibite

Mogok Township, Pyin-Oo-Lwin District, Mandalay Region, Myanmar

Serendibite, etc.

Armstrong farm, Johnsburg Village, Johnsburg, Warren County, New York, USA

Serendibite, etc.

Warren County, New York, USA

Serendibite

Mogok Township, Pyin-Oo-Lwin District, Mandalay Region, Myanmar

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About SerendibiteHide

Flag of Sri Lanka

Formula:

Ca₄[Mg₆Al₆]O₄[Si₆B₃Al₃O₃₆]

Colour:

pale yellow, blue-green, greyish blue

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

6½ - 7

Specific Gravity:

3.42 - 3.52

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Member of:

Rhönite Group > Sapphirine Supergroup

Name:

Named after Serendib, the old Arabic name for Sri Lanka. The mineral srilankite is also named after the country.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Gangapitiya, Ambakotte, Kurunegala District, North Western Province, Sri Lanka

Aenigmatite Group.

May be confused with sapphirine.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Serendibite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3623

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3623:4

IMA Classification of SerendibiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Ca₄(Mg₆Al₆)O₄[Si₆B₃Al₃O₃₆]

First published:

1903

Type description reference:

Prior, G. T., Coomáraswámy, A. K. (1903) Serendibite, a new borosilicate from Ceylon. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 13 (61) 224-227 doi:10.1180/minmag.1903.13.61.04

Classification of SerendibiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.DH.40

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si₄O₁₂

Dana 8th ed.:

69.2.1a.6

69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
2 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with P>2

Hey's CIM Ref.:

17.5.17

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
5 : Borosilicates

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Ser	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of SerendibiteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Colour:

Pale yellow, blue-green, greyish blue

Streak:

White

Hardness:

6½ - 7 on Mohs scale

Cleavage:

None Observed

Density:

3.42 - 3.52 g/cm³ (Measured) 3.47 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of SerendibiteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.701 n_β = 1.703 n_γ = 1.706

2V:

Measured: 80° , Calculated: 80°

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.005
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.

Thickness: 30 µm

Stage rotation: 0°

Dispersion:

strong

Chemistry of SerendibiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Ca₄[Mg₆Al₆]O₄[Si₆B₃Al₃O₃₆]

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	46.045 %
Al	17.471 %
Si	12.124 %
Ca	11.534 %
Mg	10.492 %
B	2.334 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, B, Ca, Mg, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Ti,Fe,Mn,Na,K,F,H₂O,P

Crystallography of SerendibiteHide

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Class (H-M):

1 - Pinacoidal

Space Group:

Cell Parameters:

a = 10.01 Å, b = 10.39 Å, c = 8.63 Å
α = 106.36°, β = 96.06°, γ = 124.36°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.963 : 1 : 0.831

Unit Cell V:

670.11 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Twinning:

Polysynthetic on {0-11} is common.

Crystal StructureHide

Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

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Stop | Start

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0020622	Serendibite	Grice J D, Belley P M, Fayek M (2014) Serendibite, a complex chemical borosilicate mineral from Pontiac, Quebec: Description, chemical composition, and crystallographic data The Canadian Mineralogist 52 1-14		2014	Portage-du-Fort area, Pontiac Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada	0	293
0001546	Serendibite	Van Derveer D G, Swihart G H, Sen Gupta P K, Grew E S (1993) Cation occupancies in serendibite: A crystal structure study Sample from Johnsburg, New York Displacement parameters obtained from ICSD American Mineralogist 78 195-203		1993		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Serendibite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Grice J D'
'Belley P M'
'Fayek M'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 52 
_journal_year 2014
_journal_page_first 1
_journal_page_last 14
_publ_section_title
;
 Serendibite, a complex chemical borosilicate mineral from Pontiac, Quebec:
 Description, chemical composition, and crystallographic data
;
_database_code_amcsd 0020622
_chemical_compound_source 'Portage-du-Fort area, Pontiac Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada'
_chemical_formula_sum '(Ca1.898 Na.102) Al4.842 Mg2.733 Si2.827 B1.598 O20'
_cell_length_a 10.022
_cell_length_b 10.406
_cell_length_c 8.643
_cell_angle_alpha 106.41
_cell_angle_beta 95.992
_cell_angle_gamma 124.38
_cell_volume 672.788
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.417
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P -1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Ca8   0.21478   0.62399   0.39756   0.94570   0.01022
Na8   0.21478   0.62399   0.39756   0.05420   0.01022
Ca9   0.64807   0.60219   0.38291   0.95260   0.01147
Na9   0.64807   0.60219   0.38291   0.04740   0.01147
Al1   0.00000   0.00000   0.50000   0.93500   0.00617
Mg1   0.00000   0.00000   0.50000   0.06500   0.00617
Al2   0.00000   0.50000   0.00000   0.84300   0.00615
Mg2   0.00000   0.50000   0.00000   0.15700   0.00615
Al3   0.31186   0.85618   0.17249   0.71400   0.00729
Mg3   0.31186   0.85618   0.17249   0.28600   0.00729
Al4   0.77825   0.82278   0.14588   0.64300   0.00791
Mg4   0.77825   0.82278   0.14588   0.35700   0.00791
Mg5   0.09510   0.94408   0.06183   1.00000   0.00527
Mg6   0.59376   0.93924   0.05705   0.84900   0.00585
Al6   0.59376   0.93924   0.05705   0.15100   0.00585
Al7   0.99861   0.74106   0.25869   0.87000   0.00635
Mg7   0.99861   0.74106   0.25869   0.13000   0.00635
Si2   0.98328   0.22742   0.34099   0.84000   0.00748
AlSi2   0.98328   0.22742   0.34099   0.16000   0.00748
B1   0.46493   0.23511   0.32967   0.62200   0.00789
Si1   0.46493   0.23511   0.32967   0.37800   0.00789
Al3   0.78548   0.34413   0.23250   0.73800   0.00623
Si3   0.78548   0.34413   0.23250   0.26200   0.00623
B4   0.26955   0.33018   0.21973   0.97600   0.00760
Si4   0.26955   0.33018   0.21973   0.02400   0.00760
Al5   0.64358   0.94376   0.44299   0.50800   0.00949
Si5   0.64358   0.94376   0.44299   0.49200   0.00949
Si6   0.35643   0.55472   0.05380   0.83100   0.00682
Al6   0.35643   0.55472   0.05380   0.16900   0.00682
O1   0.35267   0.06425   0.17242   1.00000   0.01090
O2   0.84330   0.04817   0.16745   1.00000   0.00960
O3   0.54009   0.95434   0.28672   1.00000   0.01510
O4   0.01507   0.93475   0.27690   1.00000   0.00840
O5   0.24008   0.86637   0.38013   1.00000   0.01010
O6   0.76330   0.88112   0.38216   1.00000   0.00950
O7   0.49056   0.21044   0.49464   1.00000   0.01310
O8   0.95735   0.78823   0.48137   1.00000   0.00890
O9   0.90003   0.32666   0.38039   1.00000   0.01100
O10   0.38423   0.32646   0.34502   1.00000   0.01080
O11   0.65067   0.16270   0.04627   1.00000   0.01060
O12   0.16086   0.17655   0.06163   1.00000   0.00930
O13   0.53770   0.71128   0.04842   1.00000   0.01180
O14   0.06852   0.72596   0.06336   1.00000   0.00850
O15   0.24043   0.61578   0.11701   1.00000   0.00920
O16   0.75362   0.61410   0.13551   1.00000   0.01050
O17   0.39002   0.48764   0.19354   1.00000   0.00920
O18   0.95140   0.52591   0.21501   1.00000   0.00990
O19   0.16629   0.35950   0.31304   1.00000   0.01150
O20   0.65566   0.36844   0.33290   1.00000   0.01360
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Ca8 0.01225 0.01154 0.00972 0.00824 0.00485 0.00551
Na8 0.01225 0.01154 0.00972 0.00824 0.00485 0.00551
Ca9 0.00732 0.01222 0.01256 0.00444 0.00317 0.00626
Na9 0.00732 0.01222 0.01256 0.00444 0.00317 0.00626
Al1 0.00644 0.00646 0.00540 0.00410 0.00160 0.00224
Mg1 0.00644 0.00646 0.00540 0.00410 0.00160 0.00224
Al2 0.00621 0.00596 0.00600 0.00368 0.00233 0.00226
Mg2 0.00621 0.00596 0.00600 0.00368 0.00233 0.00226
Al3 0.00644 0.00921 0.00718 0.00513 0.00278 0.00380
Mg3 0.00644 0.00921 0.00718 0.00513 0.00278 0.00380
Al4 0.00765 0.00875 0.00810 0.00533 0.00306 0.00375
Mg4 0.00765 0.00875 0.00810 0.00533 0.00306 0.00375
Mg5 0.00494 0.00678 0.00627 0.00400 0.00289 0.00414
Mg6 0.00438 0.00672 0.00762 0.00346 0.00243 0.00423
Al6 0.00438 0.00672 0.00762 0.00346 0.00243 0.00423
Al7 0.00683 0.00612 0.00609 0.00411 0.00222 0.00234
Mg7 0.00683 0.00612 0.00609 0.00411 0.00222 0.00234
Si2 0.00743 0.00740 0.00692 0.00432 0.00187 0.00300
AlSi2 0.00743 0.00740 0.00692 0.00432 0.00187 0.00300
B1 0.00920 0.00750 0.00727 0.00551 0.00240 0.00280
Si1 0.00920 0.00750 0.00727 0.00551 0.00240 0.00280
Al3 0.00648 0.00599 0.00577 0.00369 0.00151 0.00254
Si3 0.00648 0.00599 0.00577 0.00369 0.00151 0.00254
B4 0.00780 0.00700 0.00600 0.00340 0.00210 0.00330
Si4 0.00780 0.00700 0.00600 0.00340 0.00210 0.00330
Al5 0.00842 0.00860 0.00942 0.00507 0.00282 0.00189
Si5 0.00842 0.00860 0.00942 0.00507 0.00282 0.00189
Si6 0.00695 0.00678 0.00629 0.00423 0.00227 0.00226
Al6 0.00695 0.00678 0.00629 0.00423 0.00227 0.00226
O1 0.01050 0.01160 0.01070 0.00760 0.00270 0.00340
O2 0.01070 0.01080 0.00790 0.00720 0.00340 0.00360
O3 0.01270 0.01250 0.01480 0.00680 0.00540 0.00150
O4 0.00870 0.00790 0.00750 0.00460 0.00350 0.00280
O5 0.00970 0.00920 0.00960 0.00530 0.00160 0.00330
O6 0.00770 0.00860 0.01100 0.00470 0.00210 0.00410
O7 0.01310 0.01160 0.01380 0.00630 0.00790 0.00620
O8 0.00850 0.00780 0.01030 0.00490 0.00280 0.00410
O9 0.01460 0.01170 0.00890 0.00940 0.00360 0.00430
O10 0.01000 0.01100 0.00920 0.00570 0.00140 0.00440
O11 0.00910 0.01080 0.01170 0.00620 0.00370 0.00410
O12 0.00870 0.00780 0.00820 0.00490 0.00008 0.00102
O13 0.01360 0.01140 0.01120 0.00830 0.00480 0.00400
O14 0.00950 0.00850 0.00780 0.00570 0.00270 0.00350
O15 0.00880 0.01070 0.00830 0.00630 0.00300 0.00370
O16 0.00837 0.01000 0.00810 0.00410 0.00260 0.00180
O17 0.00990 0.00820 0.00970 0.00520 0.00330 0.00480
O18 0.01050 0.01060 0.00900 0.00650 0.00290 0.00450
O19 0.01140 0.00980 0.01210 0.00570 0.00690 0.00400
O20 0.01790 0.01720 0.01040 0.01360 0.00550 0.00480

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)

Type Occurrence of SerendibiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Gangapitiya, Ambakotte, Kurunegala District, North Western Province, Sri Lanka

Reference:

Other Language Names for SerendibiteHide

Dutch:Serendibiet

German:Serendibit

Russian:Серендибит

Simplified Chinese:蓝硅硼钙石

Spanish:Serendibita

Relationship of Serendibite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Rhönite Group > Sapphirine Supergroup

Other Members of Rhönite Group:

Dorrite	Ca₄(Mg₃Fe³⁺₉)O₄(Si₃Al₈Fe³⁺O₃₆)	Tric.
Høgtuvaite	Ca₄[Fe²⁺₆Fe³⁺₆]O₄[Si₈Be₂Al₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
Kuratite	Ca₂(Fe²⁺₅Ti)O₂[Si₄Al₂O₁₈]	Tric. 1 : P1
'Leucorhönite'	Ca₂(Mg,Fe³⁺,Al)₆(Si,Al)₆O₂₀	Tric.
Makarochkinite	(Ca,Na)₄[Fe²⁺₈Fe³⁺₂Ti₂]O₄[Si₈Be₂Al₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
Rhönite	Ca₄[Mg₈Fe³⁺₂Ti₂]O₄[Si₆Al₆O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
Welshite	Ca₄Mg₉Sb₃O₄[Si₆Be₃AlFe₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

23 photos of Serendibite associated with Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
6 photos of Serendibite associated with 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
4 photos of Serendibite associated with Uvite	CaMg₃(Al₅Mg)(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
4 photos of Serendibite associated with Sinhalite	MgAl(BO₄)
3 photos of Serendibite associated with Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
3 photos of Serendibite associated with Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
3 photos of Serendibite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
3 photos of Serendibite associated with Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
1 photo of Serendibite associated with Quartz	SiO₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.DH.	Devilliersite	Ca₄Ca₂Fe³⁺₁₀O₄[(Fe³⁺₁₀Si₂)O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.	'Gageite-2M'	(Mn,Mg,Zn)₄₂Si₁₆O₅₄(OH)₄₀	Mon. 2/m
9.DH.	Bavsiite	Ba₂V₂O₂[Si₄O₁₂]	Tet. 4/m : I4/m
9.DH.	Yuzuxiangite	Sr₃Fe³⁺(Si₂O₆)₂(OH) · 3H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.DH.	Louisfuchsite	Ca₂(Mg₄Ti₂)(Al₄Si₂)O₂₀	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.05	Leucophanite	NaCaBeSi₂O₆F	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
9.DH.10	Ohmilite	Sr₃(Ti,Fe³⁺)(Si₄O₁₂)(O,OH) · 2-3H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.DH.15	Haradaite	SrVSi₂O₇	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.DH.15	Suzukiite	BaVSi₂O₇	Orth.
9.DH.20	Shcherbakovite	(K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)₂(Si₄O₁₂)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.DH.20	Batisite	BaNaNaTi₂(Si₄O₁₂)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.DH.20	Noonkanbahite	BaKNaTi₂(Si₄O₁₂)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.DH.25	Taikanite	Sr₃BaMn²⁺₂(Si₄O₁₂)O₂	Mon. 2 : B2
9.DH.30	Krauskopfite	BaSi₂O₅ · 3H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.DH.35	Gageite	Mn₂₁(Si₄O₁₂)₂O₃(OH)₂₀	Mon. 2/m
9.DH.35	Balangeroite	(Mg,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺)₄₂Si₁₆O₅₄(OH)₄₀	Mon. 2/m
9.DH.40	Kuratite	Ca₂(Fe²⁺₅Ti)O₂[Si₄Al₂O₁₈]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Dorrite	Ca₄(Mg₃Fe³⁺₉)O₄(Si₃Al₈Fe³⁺O₃₆)	Tric.
9.DH.40	Rhönite	Ca₄[Mg₈Fe³⁺₂Ti₂]O₄[Si₆Al₆O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Khesinite	Ca₄(Mg₃Fe³⁺₉)O₄(Fe³⁺₉Si₃)O₃₆	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	'UM1991-29-SiO:FeMgNa'	Na₄(Mg₅Fe³⁺₇)O₄[Si₉Fe³⁺₃O₃₆]
9.DH.40	Høgtuvaite	Ca₄[Fe²⁺₆Fe³⁺₆]O₄[Si₈Be₂Al₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	'Leucorhönite'	Ca₂(Mg,Fe³⁺,Al)₆(Si,Al)₆O₂₀	Tric.
9.DH.40	Welshite	Ca₄Mg₉Sb₃O₄[Si₆Be₃AlFe₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Wilkinsonite	Na₂Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺₂(Si₆O₁₈)O₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Krinovite	Na₂Mg₄Cr³⁺₂(Si₆O₁₈)O₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Makarochkinite	(Ca,Na)₄[Fe²⁺₈Fe³⁺₂Ti₂]O₄[Si₈Be₂Al₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.45	Sapphirine	Mg₄(Mg₃Al₉)O₄[Si₃Al₉O₃₆]	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.DH.50	Khmaralite	(Mg,Al,Fe)₁₆[(Al,Si,Be)₁₂O₃₆]O₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.DH.55	'UM1988-26-SiO:AlMg'	Mg₄Al₂O[Si₃Al₂O₁₅]
9.DH.55	Surinamite	(Mg,Fe)₃Al₄BeSi₃O₁₆	Mon. 2/m
9.DH.60	Deerite	Fe²⁺₆Fe³⁺₃(Si₆O₁₇)O₃(OH)₅	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.DH.65	Taneyamalite	(Na,Ca)Mn²⁺₁₂(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₄₄	Tric.
9.DH.65	Howieite	Na(Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Al,Mg)₁₂(Si₆O₁₇)₂(O,OH)₁₀	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.70	Johninnesite	Na₂Mn²⁺₉Mg₇(OH)₈[AsO₄]₂[Si₆O₁₇]₂	Tric.
9.DH.75	Agrellite	NaCa₂Si₄O₁₀F	Tric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SerendibiteHide

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for SerendibiteHide

Reference List:

Richmond, Gerald M. (1939) Serendibite and associated minerals from the New City Quarry, Riverside, California. American Mineralogist, 24 (11). 725-726

Machin, M. P., Süsse, P. (1974) Serendibite: a new member of the aenigmatite structure group. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1974. 435-441

Hutcheon, I., Gunter, A.E., Lecheminant, A.N. (1977) Serendibite from Penrhyn group marble, Melville Peninsula, District of Franklin. Canadian Mineralogist: 15: 108-112.

Nicollet, Christian (1990) Occurrences of grandidierite, serendibite and tourmaline near Ihosy, southern Madagascar. Mineralogical Magazine, 54 (374) 131-133 doi:10.1180/minmag.1990.054.374.16

Grew, Edward S., Pertsev, Nikolay N., Boronikhin, Vladimir A., Borisovskiy, Sergey Ye., Yates, Martin G., Marquez, Nicholas (1991) Serendibite in the Tayozhnoye deposit of the Aldan Shield, eastern Siberia, U.S.S.R. American Mineralogist, 76 (5-6). 1061-1080

Derveer, D. G. Van, Swihart, G. H., Gupta, P. K. Sen, Grew, E. S. (1993) Cation occupancies in serendibite: A crystal structure study. American Mineralogist, 78 (1-2) 195-203

Burt, D.M. (1994) Vector representation of some mineral compositions in the aenigmatite group, with special reference to hogtuvaite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 32: 449-457.

Grew, Edward S.; Anovitz, Lawrence M. - Eds. (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. Reviews in Mineralogy Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America p.862

Jensen, B. B. (1996) Solid solution among members of the aenigmatite group. Mineralogical Magazine, 60 (403) 982-986 doi:10.1180/minmag.1996.060.403.14

Kunzmann, Thomas (1999) The aenigmatite-rhönite mineral group. European Journal of Mineralogy, 11 (4) 743-756 doi:10.1127/ejm/11/4/0743

(2001) Serendibite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Grew, E. S.; Hålenius, U.; Pasero, M.; Barbier, J. (2008) Recommended nomenclature for the sapphirine and surinamite groups (sapphirine supergroup). Mineralogical Magazine, 72 (4). p.839-876. doi:10.1180/minmag.2008.072.4.839

Grice, J.D., Belley, P.M., Fayek, M. (2014) Serendibite, a complex chemical borosilicate mineral from Pontiac, Quebec: Description, chemical composition, and crystallographic data. The Canadian Mineralogist: 52: 1-14.

Belley, P. M., Grice, J. D., Fayek, M., Kowalski, P. M., Grew, E. S. (2014) A new occurrence of the borosilicate serendibite in tourmaline-bearing calc-silicate rocks, Portage-du-Fort marble, Grenville province, Québec: evolution of boron isotope and tourmaline compositions in a metamorphic context. The Canadian Mineralogist, 52 (4). 595-616 doi:10.3749/canmin.1400034

Chanmuang N., C., Nasdala, L., Wildner, M., Škoda, R. & Zoysa, E.G. (2021): Spectroscopic study of serendibite from Sri Lanka. Journal of Gemmology, 37(5), 451-454.

Localities for SerendibiteHide

Showing 24 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Canada
ⓘ Nunavut	Hutcheon et al. (1977)
Québec Outaouais Pontiac RCM ⓘ Portage-du-Fort	Belley (2013) +2 other references

Madagascar
Anosy Amboasary Sud District ⓘ Amboahangy	Moore (2023)
Behara ⓘ Vohibola phlogopite deposit	Razakamanana et al. (2010)
Atsimo-Andrefana Benenitra District Ianapera ⓘ Ianapera emerald deposit (Sakalava)	... +3 other references
Ihorombe Ihosy District Sahambano ⓘ Vohimena hill	Nicollet (1990)

Myanmar
Mandalay Region Pyin-Oo-Lwin District ⓘ Mogok Township	Lavinsky (n.d.) +1 other reference
Mogok Valley ⓘ Lin-yaung-chi (Bright Light Rays)	Themelis (2008)
ⓘ Ohngaing	Themelis (2008)
ⓘ Shwe-pyi-aye	Themelis (2008)

Russia
Sakha Aldan ⓘ Tayezhnoe Fe-B skarn (Tayozhnoye)	Shabynin et al. (1956) +2 other references

Sri Lanka

North Western Province Kurunegala District Ambakotte ⓘ Gangapitiya (TL)	Nature (1902) +1 other reference
Sabaragamuwa Province Ratnapura District Embilipitiya Kolonne ⓘ Katukubura Hills	Müller et al. (2006)

Tanzania
Tanga Region ⓘ Handeni District	Research Institute for African Geology

USA
California Riverside County Jurupa Valley Crestmore Crestmore quarries Sky Blue Hill ⓘ Commercial Quarry	Murdoch (1966)
Riverside ⓘ New City Quarry (Victoria Avenue quarry)	Richmond (1939) +2 other references
New York Orange County Town of Warwick ⓘ Amity	www.colgate.edu (2014)
ⓘ Serendibite locality	departments.colgate.edu (2006)
ⓘ Edenville	departments.colgate.edu (2006)
St. Lawrence County Canton ⓘ St. Joe Resources Company drillhole 1872	Grew et al. (1990)
Warren County ⓘ Johnsburg	www.excaliburmineral.com +2 other references
Johnsburg Village ⓘ Armstrong farm	Harvard Museum of Natural History +1 other reference
ⓘ Lake George	Smithsonian collection

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Serendibite

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