Gageite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Gageite
Robert Burns Gage
Formula:
Mn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20
Mn may be replaced by minor Mg, Zn.
Colour:
Usually brownish purple, brown, pinkish brown, light pink, light brown, also colorless in small crystals
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
3.46 - 3.584
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1910 by Alexander Hamilton Phillips in honor of Robert Burns Gage [November 20, 1875 Kaneville, Venango County, Pennsylvania, USA - February 28, 1946 Trenton, New Jersey, USA] chemist with the New Jersey Highway Department. Gage held "numerous patents" relating to highway construction and introduced using weights of cement, rather than volumes of cement, when making concrete roads. Gage analyzed the first specimens of gageite. Gage named chlorophoenicite and schallerite.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Two polytypes are known, gageite-1A and gageite-2M, and are often present in the same "crystal".
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1631
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1631:1
Similar Names
| Gageit-2M | A synonym of 'Gageite-2M' | |
| Gajiite | ||
| Galeite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | Na15(SO4)5F4Cl |
| Gugiaite | A valid IMA mineral species | Ca2Be[Si2O7] |
IMA Classification of Gageite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Mn2+21Si8O27(OH)20
First published:
1910
Classification of Gageite
9.DH.35
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
14.7.22
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
7 : Silicates of Ba, Sr and Zn
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
7 : Silicates of Ba, Sr and Zn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Gge | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Gageite
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Usually brownish purple, brown, pinkish brown, light pink, light brown, also colorless in small crystals
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {110}
On {110}
Density:
3.46 - 3.584 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.599 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Gageite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.723 nβ = 1.734 nγ = 1.736
Birefringence:
0.013
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.013
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (46°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (46°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Dispersion:
r > v
Chemistry of Gageite
Mindat Formula:
Mn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20
Mn may be replaced by minor Mg, Zn.
Mn may be replaced by minor Mg, Zn.
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Gageite
Polytype:
Formula:
Crystal System:
Class (H-M)
Space Group:
Space Group Setting:
Cell Parameters:
Ratio:
Unit Cell Volume (calc):
Z:
Comment:
| Gageite-1A | Gageite-2M |
|---|---|
| (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 | (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| Triclinic | Monoclinic |
| 1 - Pinacoidal | 2/m - Prismatic |
| P1 | |
| a = 14.17 Å, b = 14.07 Å, c = 9.84 Å α = 76.5°, β = 76.6°, γ = 86.9° | a = 19.42 Å, b = 19.42 Å, c = 9.84 Å β = 89.5° |
| a:b:c = 1.007 : 1 : 0.699 | a:b:c = 1 : 1 : 0.507 |
| V 1,855.68 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell) | V 3,710.88 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell) |
| 1 | 1 |
| Space group: P2/n |
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000192 | Gageite | Moore P B (1969) A novel octahedral framework structure: gageite American Mineralogist 54 1005-1017 |  | 1969 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 9.712 Å | (12) |
| 6.895 Å | (31) |
| 6.840 Å | (32) |
| 6.128 Å | (39) |
| 4.357 Å | (13) |
| 4.329 Å | (11) |
| 3.815 Å | (3) |
| 3.448 Å | (19) |
| 3.420 Å | (100) |
| 3.343 Å | (8) |
| 3.319 Å | (24) |
| 3.237 Å | (48 |
| 3.190 Å | (16) |
| 3.107 Å | (11) |
| 3.064 Å | (36) |
| 2.894 Å | (5) |
| 2.744 Å | (39) |
| 2.717 Å | (39) |
| 2.704 Å | (52) |
| 2.662 Å | (61) |
| 2.614 Å | (93) |
| 2.558 Å | (14) |
| 2.543 Å | (9) |
| 2.487 Å | (9) |
| 2.360 Å | (2) |
| 2.351 Å | (3) |
| 2.341 Å | (3) |
| 2.333 Å | (5) |
| 2.304 Å | (18) |
| 2.298 Å | (23) |
| 2.267 Å | (5) |
| 2.239 Å | (9) |
| 2.165 Å | (7) |
| 2.143 Å | (11) |
| 2.107 Å | (11) |
| 2.101 Å | (12) |
| 2.086 Å | (18) |
| 2.077 Å | (1) |
| 2.052 Å | (2) |
| 2.017 Å | (11) |
| 2.010 Å | (8) |
| 1.9499 Å | (3) |
| 1.9424 Å | (5) |
| 1.9154 Å | (4) |
| 1.9076 Å | (5) |
| 1.9017 Å | (3) |
| 1.8802 Å | (7) |
| 1.8645 Å | (4) |
| 1.549 Å | (10) |
| 1.8065 Å | (2) |
| 1.7961 Å | (8) |
| 1.7573 Å | (2) |
| 1.7238 Å | (2) |
| 1.7102 Å | (3) |
| 1.7071 Å | (2) |
| 1.6887 Å | (4) |
| 1.6787 Å | (10) |
| 1.6760 Å | (10) |
| 1.6712 Å | (13) |
| 1.6664 Å | (32) |
Comments:
ICDD 25-1201 On Franklin, NJ, material.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Gageite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Well crystallized, delicate, acicular and hairlike, often radiated and grouped in bundles extending out from the walls of small cavities. It also occurs as a mat of interlocking crystals, or fan-shaped groups.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA (R6444, 86845).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In veins and solution cavities traversing massive ore in a metamorphosed stratiform Precambrian Zn-Fe-Mn orebody.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Gageite
Other Language Names for Gageite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 28 photos of Gageite associated with Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| 11 photos of Gageite associated with Shigaite | Mn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 10 photos of Gageite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 8 photos of Gageite associated with Zincite | ZnO |
| 7 photos of Gageite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| 5 photos of Gageite associated with Oyelite | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| 5 photos of Gageite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 5 photos of Gageite associated with Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| 5 photos of Gageite associated with Sclarite | Zn7(CO3)2(OH)10 |
| 4 photos of Gageite associated with Chlorophoenicite | (Mn,Mg)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.DH. | Devilliersite | Ca4Ca2Fe3+10O4[(Fe3+10Si2)O36] |
| 9.DH. | 'Gageite-2M' | (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| 9.DH. | Bavsiite | Ba2V2O2[Si4O12] |
| 9.DH. | Yuzuxiangite | Sr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| 9.DH. | Louisfuchsite | Ca2(Mg4Ti2)(Al4Si2)O20 |
| 9.DH.05 | Leucophanite | NaCaBeSi2O6F |
| 9.DH.10 | Ohmilite | Sr3(Ti,Fe3+)(Si4O12)(O,OH) · 2-3H2O |
| 9.DH.15 | Haradaite | SrVSi2O7 |
| 9.DH.15 | Suzukiite | BaVSi2O7 |
| 9.DH.20 | Shcherbakovite | (K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.20 | Batisite | BaNaNaTi2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.20 | Noonkanbahite | BaKNaTi2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.25 | Taikanite | Sr3BaMn2+2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.30 | Krauskopfite | BaSi2O5 · 3H2O |
| 9.DH.35 | Balangeroite | (Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn2+)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| 9.DH.40 | Kuratite | Ca2(Fe2+5Ti)O2[Si4Al2O18] |
| 9.DH.40 | Aenigmatite | Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Dorrite | Ca4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Si3Al8Fe3+O36) |
| 9.DH.40 | Serendibite | Ca4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Rhönite | Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Khesinite | Ca4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Fe3+9Si3)O36 |
| 9.DH.40 | 'UM1991-29-SiO:FeMgNa' | Na4(Mg5Fe3+7)O4[Si9Fe3+3O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Høgtuvaite | Ca4[Fe2+6Fe3+6]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | 'Leucorhönite' | Ca2(Mg,Fe3+,Al)6(Si,Al)6O20 |
| 9.DH.40 | Welshite | Ca4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Wilkinsonite | Na2Fe2+4Fe3+2(Si6O18)O2 |
| 9.DH.40 | Krinovite | Na2Mg4Cr3+2(Si6O18)O2 |
| 9.DH.40 | Makarochkinite | (Ca,Na)4[Fe2+8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36] |
| 9.DH.45 | Sapphirine | Mg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36] |
| 9.DH.50 | Khmaralite | (Mg,Al,Fe)16[(Al,Si,Be)12O36]O4 |
| 9.DH.55 | 'UM1988-26-SiO:AlMg' | Mg4Al2O[Si3Al2O15] |
| 9.DH.55 | Surinamite | (Mg,Fe)3Al4BeSi3O16 |
| 9.DH.60 | Deerite | Fe2+6Fe3+3(Si6O17)O3(OH)5 |
| 9.DH.65 | Taneyamalite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+12(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44 |
| 9.DH.65 | Howieite | Na(Fe2+,Fe3+,Al,Mg)12(Si6O17)2(O,OH)10 |
| 9.DH.70 | Johninnesite | Na2Mn2+9Mg7(OH)8[AsO4]2[Si6O17]2 |
| 9.DH.75 | Agrellite | NaCa2Si4O10F |
Fluorescence of Gageite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Notes:
The crystals dissolve at once in warm dilute nitric acid.
Before the blowpipe the clear crystals assume at once a light bronze color, which darkens on further heating to a deep bronze, or nearly black, but they do not fuse. In the closed tube it yields water with the same change of color.
Before the blowpipe the clear crystals assume at once a light bronze color, which darkens on further heating to a deep bronze, or nearly black, but they do not fuse. In the closed tube it yields water with the same change of color.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
None.
Internet Links for Gageite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1631.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Mineral Dealers:
References for Gageite
Reference List:
Palache, Charles (1935) The minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, Sussex County, New Jersey. Professional Paper 180. US Geological Survey 135 pp. doi:10.3133/pp180
Moore, Paul B. (1968) Relations of the manganese-calcium silicates, gageite and harstigite. American Mineralogist, 53 (1-2) 309-315
Moore, Paul B. (1969) A novel octahedral framework structure: Gageite. American Mineralogist, 54 (7-8) 1005-1017
Dunn, Pete J. (1979) The chemical composition of gageite: an empirical formula. American Mineralogist, 64 (9-10) 1056-1058
Localities for Gageite
Showing 23 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Italy | |
| Castellaro et al. (2023) |
| Balestra C. (2012) |
Japan | |
| Fukuoka et al. (1988) |
| |
| Minakawa et al. (2008) |
| Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto) +1 other reference |
| K. Nishikubo et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Fukuoka et al. (1988) |
| Fukuoka et al. (1988) |
Russia | |
| webmineral.ru (2020) |
South Africa | |
| Coetzee et al. (2024) |
| [Gageite-2M] Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| Pohl et al. (1991) | |
South Korea | |
| Kinosaki (1943) |
Sweden | |
| Nysten (2004) |
USA | |
| Cannon Microprobe Services |
| Dunn et al. (1986) |
| Huebner +6 other references |
| [Gageite-2M] Phillips (1910) +2 other references |
| Staargaard (2009) |
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Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA