Leucophoenicite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Leucophoenicite
Formula:
Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2
Colour:
pink, violet-red, brownish-red to brown
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.848
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1899 by Samuel Lewis Penfield and Charles Hyde Warren from the Greek for λευκοσ "pale" and φοινιζ "purplish red" in allusion to its common color.
Co-Type Localities:
Dimorph of:
Brown massive “hydrotephroite” was already known by Igelsten (1871) from the Harstigen mine, where it occurred with other Mn silicates and hausmannite ore. His description of the massive, brown hydrotephroite was very brief, thus indicating that this mineral was of little interest compared with others that received more attention.
Moore (1967), on the other hand, found this material more interesting and commented: “I have discovered that many of the 'hydrotephroites' from Pajsbreg, Sweden are leucophoenicites, which adds interest to the species.”
Moore (1967), on the other hand, found this material more interesting and commented: “I have discovered that many of the 'hydrotephroites' from Pajsbreg, Sweden are leucophoenicites, which adds interest to the species.”
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2384
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2384:5
IMA Classification of Leucophoenicite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1899
Classification of Leucophoenicite
9.AF.60
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
52.3.2c.2
52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] coordination only
52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] coordination only
14.17.6
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
17 : Silicates of Mn
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
17 : Silicates of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Lpo | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Leucophoenicite
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Pink, violet-red, brownish-red to brown
Streak:
Very pale pink to white
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
{001}, not obvious
{001}, not obvious
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.848 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.01 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Leucophoenicite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.751 nβ = 1.771 nγ = 1.782
2V:
Measured: 74°
Birefringence:
0.031
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.031
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r>v, weak
Optical Extinction:
X perpendicular to {001}
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
pale red // {001}, colorless perpendicular to {001}
Chemistry of Leucophoenicite
Mindat Formula:
Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Mg,Zn,Ca,Na,K,H2O
Crystallography of Leucophoenicite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.842 Å, b = 4.826 Å, c = 11.324 Å
β = 103.93°
β = 103.93°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.247 : 1 : 2.346
Unit Cell V:
575.09 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Usually granular, rod-like to platy deeply striated crystals are rare
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0002751 | Leucophoenicite | Welch M D, Marshall W G, Ross N L, Knight K S (2002) H positions in leucophoenicite, Mn7Si3(OH)2: A close relative of the hydrous B phases American Mineralogist 87 154-159 |  | 2002 | Franklin, New Jersey, USA | 0 | 293 |
| 0000206 | Leucophoenicite | Moore P B (1970) Edge-sharing silicate tetrahedra in the crystal structure of leucophoenicite American Mineralogist 55 1146-1166 | | 1970 | Franklin, New Jersey, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.23 Å | (30) |
| 4.36 Å | (50) |
| 3.94 Å | (30) |
| 3.61 Å | (50) |
| 3.27 Å | (35) |
| 2.967 Å | (20) |
| 2.877 Å | (90) |
| 2.741 Å | (30) |
| 2.684 Å | (80) |
| 2.620 Å | (40) |
| 2.486 Å | (20) |
| 2.441 Å | (40) |
| 2.413 Å | (10) |
| 2.365 Å | (50) |
| 2.284 Å | (20) |
| 2.204 Å | (30) |
| 2.060 Å | (10) |
| 1.973 Å | (10) |
| 1.8908 Å | (10) |
| 1.8063 Å | (100) |
| 1.7494 Å | (30) |
| 1.7079 Å | (40) |
| 1.7012 Å | (40) |
| 1.6653 Å | (10) |
| 1.6392 Å | (20) |
| 1.6167 Å | (20) |
| 1.5966 Å | (20) |
| 1.5714 Å | (40) |
| 1.5641 Å | (40) |
| 1.4732 Å | (30) |
| 1.4441 Å | (20) |
| 1.4199 Å | (20) |
| 1.3879 Å | (30) |
| 1.3449 Å | (20) |
| 1.3191 Å | (20) |
| 1.3134 Å | (20) |
| 1.2593 Å | (10) |
| 1.2258 Å | (10) |
| 1.2121 Å | (30) |
Comments:
ICDD 22-1168
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Geological Setting:
Leucophoenicite is a mineral of hydrothermally altered metamorphosed Mn-ores
Type Occurrence of Leucophoenicite
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
Leucophoenicite made up the larger part of the type specimen. The mineral has a crystalline structure, vitreous luster, hardness about 5,5-6, and a light purplish-red or raspberry color
Other Language Names for Leucophoenicite
Relationship of Leucophoenicite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Leucophoenicite Subgroup:
| Jerrygibbsite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcn |
| Ribbeite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 58 photos of Leucophoenicite associated with Zincite | ZnO |
| 39 photos of Leucophoenicite associated with Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 36 photos of Leucophoenicite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| 14 photos of Leucophoenicite associated with Pyrochroite | Mn(OH)2 |
| 10 photos of Leucophoenicite associated with Chlorophoenicite | (Mn,Mg)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 |
| 6 photos of Leucophoenicite associated with Samfowlerite | Ca28Mn6Zn4(Be,Zn)4Be12[(OH)3(SiO4)3(Si2O7)2]4 |
| 6 photos of Leucophoenicite associated with Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| 5 photos of Leucophoenicite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 5 photos of Leucophoenicite associated with Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| 5 photos of Leucophoenicite associated with Caryopilite | Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.AF. | Chegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| 9.AF. | Jingwenite-(Y) | YAlV4+(SiO4)O2(OH)2 |
| 9.AF. | Barwoodite | Mn2+6Nb5+(SiO4)2O3(OH)3 |
| 9.AF.05 | Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| 9.AF.05 | 'Xenolite' | Al10Si8O31 |
| 9.AF.10 | Kanonaite | Mn3+Al(SiO4)O |
| 9.AF.10 | Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| 9.AF.15 | Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| 9.AF.20 | Krieselite | Al2(GeO4)F2 |
| 9.AF.20 | Mullite | Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x |
| 9.AF.23 | Boromullite | Al9BSi2O19 |
| 9.AF.25 | Yoderite | Mg(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)2O(OH) |
| 9.AF.30 | Zincostaurolite | Zn2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| 9.AF.30 | Staurolite | Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| 9.AF.30 | Magnesiostaurolite | Mg(Mg,Li)3(Al,Mg)18Si8O44(OH)4 |
| 9.AF.35 | Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.AF.40 | Norbergite | Mg3(SiO4)F2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Kumtyubeite | Ca5(SiO4)2F2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Reinhardbraunsite | Ca5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Hydroxylchondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Alleghanyite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.50 | 'Unnamed (Ca-analogue of Humite)' | Ca7(SiO4)4F2 |
| 9.AF.50 | Humite | Mg7(SiO4)3F2 |
| 9.AF.50 | Manganhumite | Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.50 | 'Unnamed (OH-analogue of humite)' | Mg7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.50 | Fluorchegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3F2 |
| 9.AF.55 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.55 | Clinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 |
| 9.AF.55 | Sonolite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.65 | Ribbeite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.70 | Jerrygibbsite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.75 | Franciscanite | Mn2+6(V5+,◻)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6 |
| 9.AF.75 | Scorticoite | Mn6(Sb,◻)Σ2(SiO4)2O3(OH)3 |
| 9.AF.75 | Welinite | Mn2+6(W6+,Mg)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6 |
| 9.AF.75 | Örebroite | Mn2+3(Sb5+,Fe3+)(SiO4)(O,OH)3 |
| 9.AF.80 | Ellenbergerite | Mg6(Mg,Ti,Zr,◻)2(Al,Mg)6Si8O28(OH)10 |
| 9.AF.85 | Magnesiochloritoid | MgAl2O(SiO4)(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.85 | Ottrélite | Mn2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.85 | Chloritoid | Fe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.90 | Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| 9.AF.90 | Poldervaartite | CaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| 9.AF.95 | Pilawite-(Y) | Ca2Y2Al4(SiO4)4O2(OH)2 |
Fluorescence of Leucophoenicite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Leucophoenicite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2384.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Leucophoenicite
Reference List:
Dana, Edward S., Ford, William E. (1909) A System of Mineralogy - Second Appendix to the Sixth Edition of Dana's System of Mineralogy. John Wiley & Sons. p.63
Palache, Charles (1935) The minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, Sussex County, New Jersey. Professional Paper 180. US Geological Survey 135 pp. doi:10.3133/pp180 pp.103-105
Moore, Paul B. (1967) On leucophoenicites: I. A note on form developments. American Mineralogist, 52 (7-8) 1226-1232
Moore, Paul B. (1970) Edge-sharing silicate tetrahedra in the crystal structure of leucophoenicite. American Mineralogist, 55 (7-8) 1146-1166
Dunn, Pete J., Peacor, Donald R., Simmons, William B., Essene, Eric J. (1984) Jerrygibbsite, a new polymorph of (Mn9SiO4)4(OH)2 from Franklin, New Jersey, with new data on leucophoenicite. American Mineralogist, 69 (5-6) 546-552
Localities for Leucophoenicite
Showing 14 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Italy | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Castellaro-Kampf |
Japan | |
| Hiromi Yamasaki specimen |
Namibia | |
| Dunn et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
Romania | |
| Hîrtopanu et al. (2003) | |
| Udubasa et al. (1996) +3 other references |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Pohl et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
Spain | |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
Sweden | |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
| Nysten (2004) |
USA (TL) | |
| Penfield et al. (1899) +3 other references |
| Penfield et al. (1899) +1 other reference |
| FOMS Millsite Committee (1986) |
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Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA