Welinite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Welinite
Formula:
Mn2+6(W6+,Mg)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6
Colour:
orange-red, deep red brown to reddish black
Lustre:
Resinous
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
4.47
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named after Eric Welin (b. 1923- d. 2014), mineralogist and geochronologist, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
This page provides mineralogical data about Welinite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4264
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4264:8
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Welinite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Mn2+6(W6+◻)(SiO4)2O4(OH)2
Approval year:
1966
Classification of Welinite
9.AF.75
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
52.4.1.2
52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
4 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] and/or >[6] coordination
52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
4 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] and/or >[6] coordination
17.10.30
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
10 : Silicates with sulphate, molybdate or tungstate
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
10 : Silicates with sulphate, molybdate or tungstate
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Wln | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Welinite
Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Orange-red, deep red brown to reddish black
Streak:
Pale reddish brown
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Poor to distinct on {001}
Poor to distinct on {001}
Density:
4.47 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.41 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Welinite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.864 nε = 1.880
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.016
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Comments:
anomalously biaxial
Chemistry of Welinite
Mindat Formula:
Mn2+6(W6+,Mg)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Sb,H2O
Crystallography of Welinite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Pyramidal
Space Group:
P3
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.155(7) Å, c = 4.785(5) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.587
Unit Cell V:
275.59 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
As sections of crystals, to 2 cm.
Comment:
Originally assumed to be P63.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012047 | Welinite | Moore P B (1969) The crystal structure of welinite (Mn+4,W)<1(Mn+2,W,Mg)<3Si(O,OH)7 Arkiv for Mineralogi och Geologi 4 459-466 | 1969 | Langban, Sweden | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 1.782 Å | (100) |
| 3.102 Å | (80) |
| 2.332 Å | (80) |
| 4.07 Å | (60) |
| 1.5438 Å | (60) |
| 7.00 Å | (50) |
| 2.840 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Type Occurrence of Welinite
General Appearance of Type Material:
as fillings in fissures with other minerals cutting hausmannite ore
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, 532157; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 120067.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Welinite
Other Language Names for Welinite
Relationship of Welinite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Welinite Group:
| Barwoodite | Mn2+6Nb5+(SiO4)2O3(OH)3 | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| Franciscanite | Mn2+6(V5+,◻)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6 | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| Örebroite | Mn2+3(Sb5+,Fe3+)(SiO4)(O,OH)3 | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| Scorticoite | Mn6(Sb,◻)Σ2(SiO4)2O3(OH)3 | Trig. 3 : P3 |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.AF. | Chegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| 9.AF. | Jingwenite-(Y) | YAlV4+(SiO4)O2(OH)2 |
| 9.AF. | Barwoodite | Mn2+6Nb5+(SiO4)2O3(OH)3 |
| 9.AF.05 | Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| 9.AF.05 | 'Xenolite' | Al10Si8O31 |
| 9.AF.10 | Kanonaite | Mn3+Al(SiO4)O |
| 9.AF.10 | Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| 9.AF.15 | Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| 9.AF.20 | Krieselite | Al2(GeO4)F2 |
| 9.AF.20 | Mullite | Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x |
| 9.AF.23 | Boromullite | Al9BSi2O19 |
| 9.AF.25 | Yoderite | Mg(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)2O(OH) |
| 9.AF.30 | Zincostaurolite | Zn2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| 9.AF.30 | Staurolite | Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| 9.AF.30 | Magnesiostaurolite | Mg(Mg,Li)3(Al,Mg)18Si8O44(OH)4 |
| 9.AF.35 | Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.AF.40 | Norbergite | Mg3(SiO4)F2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Kumtyubeite | Ca5(SiO4)2F2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Reinhardbraunsite | Ca5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Hydroxylchondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Alleghanyite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.50 | 'Unnamed (Ca-analogue of Humite)' | Ca7(SiO4)4F2 |
| 9.AF.50 | Humite | Mg7(SiO4)3F2 |
| 9.AF.50 | Manganhumite | Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.50 | 'Unnamed (OH-analogue of humite)' | Mg7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.50 | Fluorchegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3F2 |
| 9.AF.55 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.55 | Clinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 |
| 9.AF.55 | Sonolite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.60 | Leucophoenicite | Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.65 | Ribbeite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.70 | Jerrygibbsite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.75 | Franciscanite | Mn2+6(V5+,◻)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6 |
| 9.AF.75 | Scorticoite | Mn6(Sb,◻)Σ2(SiO4)2O3(OH)3 |
| 9.AF.75 | Örebroite | Mn2+3(Sb5+,Fe3+)(SiO4)(O,OH)3 |
| 9.AF.80 | Ellenbergerite | Mg6(Mg,Ti,Zr,◻)2(Al,Mg)6Si8O28(OH)10 |
| 9.AF.85 | Magnesiochloritoid | MgAl2O(SiO4)(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.85 | Ottrélite | Mn2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.85 | Chloritoid | Fe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.90 | Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| 9.AF.90 | Poldervaartite | CaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| 9.AF.95 | Pilawite-(Y) | Ca2Y2Al4(SiO4)4O2(OH)2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Welinite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4264.html
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References for Welinite
Localities for Welinite
Showing 14 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
France | |
| De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002) |
| Brugger et al. (1999) |
| Ragu (1994) +2 other references |
| BRGM (1981) |
Italy | |
| Biagioni et al. (2025) |
Japan | |
| Hirowatari et al. (1988) |
| Mem. Fac. Sci. et al. (2000) |
| Hirowatari et al. (1988) |
| Hirowatari et al. (1988) |
South Africa | |
| Fosso-Kankeu et al. (2015, November) |
Sweden | |
| Moore (1968) +1 other reference |
| Moore (1968) +1 other reference |
| Gustafsson (2003) | |
USA | |
| Flohr et al. (1992) |
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Sjögruvan, Grythyttan, Hällefors, Örebro County, Sweden