Humite Group
A group of related mineral species
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About Humite Group
Name:
Named after its principal member, humite, which was named after Sir Abraham Hume (1749-1838), English connoisseur and collector of gems, minerals and artwork.
The humite group consist of minerals with similar structure, chemistry and physical properties. Unlike many other groups, there is limited chemical exchange between the individual species in the group; instead the group consists of four polysomatic series. Three of them are distinguished on the basis of their chemistry, whereas the leucophoenicite subgroup minerals are unit cell-twinned polymorphs of the corresponding humite-group minerals.
The humite group is structurally related to the olivine group, and the humite structure can be expressed as an olivine structure with ordered M(OH,F)2 layers (norbergite layers) between the olivine layers. The general formula for the group can be written M2nSinO4n•M(OH,F)2 for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, where n designates the number of olivine layers in the structure. M is dominated by Mg, Mn and Ca, although minor amounts of Fe, Ti, Zn and Al can be present. Pseudosinhalite (Mg2Al3(BO3)2(OH)O) has a similar structure with Al(OH)O layers separating layers with an olivine-type structure.
The crystal symmetry alternates between orthorhombic and monoclinic for the different values of n, and as listed here the group contains both orthorhombic and monoclinic species.
Note: There is currently no official IMA nomenclature for the humite group yet.
The humite group is structurally related to the olivine group, and the humite structure can be expressed as an olivine structure with ordered M(OH,F)2 layers (norbergite layers) between the olivine layers. The general formula for the group can be written M2nSinO4n•M(OH,F)2 for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, where n designates the number of olivine layers in the structure. M is dominated by Mg, Mn and Ca, although minor amounts of Fe, Ti, Zn and Al can be present. Pseudosinhalite (Mg2Al3(BO3)2(OH)O) has a similar structure with Al(OH)O layers separating layers with an olivine-type structure.
The crystal symmetry alternates between orthorhombic and monoclinic for the different values of n, and as listed here the group contains both orthorhombic and monoclinic species.
Note: There is currently no official IMA nomenclature for the humite group yet.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
29252
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:29252:8
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MnO | 55.653% % | 0.05 % | 0.07 % | 0.08 % |
| MgO | 11.689% % | 49.68 % | 48.83 % | 57.19 % |
| CaO | 1.057% % | 0.05 % | 0.01 % | |
| FeO | 0.098% % | 4.48 % | 4.57 % | |
| SiO2 | 28.447 % | 36.59 % | 36.55 % | |
| TiO2 | 5.27 % | 4.88 % | 0.33 % | |
| Al2O3 | 0.15 % | 0.01 % | 0.01 % | |
| Cr2O3 | ||||
| H2O | 2.69 % | 2.84 % | ||
| P2O5 | 0.01 % | |||
| B2O3 (estimated) | 0.32 % | |||
| Fe2O3* | 0.50 % | |||
| FeO* | 0.55 % | |||
| ZnO | 0.01 % | |||
| SrO | 0.01 % | |||
| F | 1.72 % | |||
| H2O (by stoichiometry) | 2.97 % | |||
| -O=F | -0.73 % | |||
| Total: | 96.944 % | 98.91 % | 61.25 % | 99.53 % |
Empirical formulas:
| Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
|---|---|
| 5 | Mg8.805Fe0.006Ti0.214(Si0.993O4)4O0.42F0.76(OH)0.82. |
| 6 | Mg8.58Fe0.24 Mn0.03 B0.14 Zn0.02Ti0.04(Si0.99O4)4O0.16F0.04(OH)1.80. |
| 7 | (Mg0.69Ti0.29Fe0.02)?1.00Mg7.91(SiO4)4.08[(OH)1.10F0.53O0.37]?2.00; ideal formula: (Mg0.7Ti0.3)?1Mg8.0(SiO4)4[(OH)1.2F0.5O0.3]2) |
| 4 | (Mg6.90Fe2+0.04Fe3+0.03Ti0.02Mn2+0.01)[Si0.99B0.01O4]3((OH)1.52F0.44O0.04) |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Harstigen Mine, Pajsberg, Persberg ore district, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden | Microprobe. Mean of 40 points | |
| 2 | Salem ultrabasic rocks, Tamil Nadu, India | Wet chemical analyses of a sample from a smaller ultramafic body. F content below detection limit. | |
| 3 | " " | Wet Chemical analysis from a "bigger" ultramafic body. F content below detection limit. | |
| 4 | Akhmatov mine, Magnitka, Kusinsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia | Unnamed (OH-analogue of humite), or "hydroxylhumite", occurs as abundant pale yellow-orange clusters of crystals in a dolomitic marble, with ludwigite and minor magnetite. In thin section, the mineral is very weakly pleochroic in near-colorless to very pale yellow in PPL. In XP the mineral shows parallel extinction, 2nd order blue birefringence (~0.020), and is B(+) with a 2V° of ~70°±5°. Chemical analysis by EPMA (WDS). *All Fe initially measured as Fe2+; Fe3+ (and Fe2O3) calculated from charge balance, but note that the very small amount of Fe present in the sample results in potentially large errors in Fe3+/∑Fe estimation. H2O calculated from stoichiometry; O in the OH site = 2*Ti. Estimated B2O3 (~1000 ppm B) added in to improve IV-site occupancy and analytical total (this is slated to be verified by ICP-MS and will be updated as necessary). | |
| 5 | Kukh-i-Lal, Ishkoshim, Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan | ||
| 6 | " " | ||
| 7 | Luc Yen Mine, Lục Yên District, Yên Bái Province, Vietnam |
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009019 | Chondrodite | Kunz M, Lager G A, Burgi H B, Fernandez-Diaz M T (2006) High-temperature single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 33 17-27 | 2006 | Tilly Foster Mine, Brewster, New York | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009018 | Chondrodite | Kunz M, Lager G A, Burgi H B, Fernandez-Diaz M T (2006) High-temperature single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 33 17-27 | 2006 | Tilly Foster Mine, Brewster, New York | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009017 | Chondrodite | Kunz M, Lager G A, Burgi H B, Fernandez-Diaz M T (2006) High-temperature single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 33 17-27 | 2006 | Tilly Foster Mine, Brewster, New York | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002751 | Leucophoenicite | Welch M D, Marshall W G, Ross N L, Knight K S (2002) H positions in leucophoenicite, Mn7Si3(OH)2: A close relative of the hydrous B phases American Mineralogist 87 154-159 | ![]() | 2002 | Franklin, New Jersey, USA | 0 | 293 |
| 0019536 | Chondrodite | Berry A J, James M (2002) Refinement of hydrogen positions in natural chondrodite by powder neutron diffraction: implications for the stability of humite minerals Mineralogical Magazine 66 441-449 | ![]() | 2002 | Orange county, New York, USA | 0 | 293 |
| 0014839 | Sonolite | Kato T, Ito Y, Hashimoto N (1989) The crystal structures of sonolite and jerrygibbsite Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1989 410-430 | 1989 | Hokkejino mine, Kyoto Prefecture, Honshu, Japan | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014840 | Jerrygibbsite | Kato T, Ito Y, Hashimoto N (1989) The crystal structures of sonolite and jerrygibbsite Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1989 410-430 | 1989 | Franklin, New Jersey | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000968 | Alleghanyite | Francis C A (1985) Crystal structure refinement of magnesian alleghanyite American Mineralogist 70 182-185 | ![]() | 1985 | Sterling mine, Ogdensburg, New Jersey, USA | 0 | 293 |
| 0015696 | Reinhardbraunsite | Kirfel A, Hamm H M, Will G (1983) The crystal structure of reinhardbraunsite, Ca5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2, a new mineral of the calcio-chondrodite type Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 31 137-150 | 1983 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0015581 | Reinhardbraunsite | Kuznetsova T P, Nevskii N N, Ilyukhin V V, Belov N V (1980) Refinement of the crystal structure of calcium chondrodite Ca5[SiO4]2(OH)2=Ca(OH)2*2Ca2SiO4 Soviet Physics Crystallography 25 91-92 | 1980 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018884 | Hydroxylchondrodite | Yamamoto K (1977) The crystal structure of hydroxyl-chondrodite Acta Crystallographica B33 1481-1485 | ![]() | 1977 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0000206 | Leucophoenicite | Moore P B (1970) Edge-sharing silicate tetrahedra in the crystal structure of leucophoenicite American Mineralogist 55 1146-1166 | ![]() | 1970 | Franklin, New Jersey, USA | 0 | 293 |
| 0002660 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Kunz M, Chakoumakos B C, Smyth J R, Schultz A J (2001) Temperature-dependent single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite and clinohumite American Mineralogist 86 981-989 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 295 | |
| 0002663 | Clinohumite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Kunz M, Chakoumakos B C, Smyth J R, Schultz A J (2001) Temperature-dependent single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite and clinohumite American Mineralogist 86 981-989 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 295 | |
| 0002666 | Chondrodite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Kunz M, Chakoumakos B C, Smyth J R, Schultz A J (2001) Temperature-dependent single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite and clinohumite American Mineralogist 86 981-989 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 295 | |
| 0002860 | Chondrodite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Ulmer P, Kunz M, Marshall W G (2002) High-pressure single-crystal X-ray and powder neutron study of F,OH/OD-chondrodite: Compressibility, structure, and hydrogen bonding American Mineralogist 87 931-939 | ![]() | 2002 | 0.0001 | 293 | |
| 0002625 | Hydroxylchondrodite | Lager G A, Ulmer P, Miletich R, Marshall W G (2001) O-D...O bond geometry in OD-chondrodite American Mineralogist 86 176-180 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002626 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Berry A J, James M (2001) Refinement of hydrogen positions in synthetic hydroxyl-clinohumite by powder neutron diffraction American Mineralogist 86 181-184 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002338 | Clinohumite | Ottolini L, Camara F, Bigi S (2000) An investigation of matrix effects in the analysis of fluorine in humite-group minerals by EMPA, SIMS, and SREF American Mineralogist 85 89-102 | ![]() | 2000 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002340 | Chondrodite | Ottolini L, Camara F, Bigi S (2000) An investigation of matrix effects in the analysis of fluorine in humite-group minerals by EMPA, SIMS, and SREF American Mineralogist 85 89-102 | ![]() | 2000 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002339 | Chondrodite | Ottolini L, Camara F, Bigi S (2000) An investigation of matrix effects in the analysis of fluorine in humite-group minerals by EMPA, SIMS, and SREF American Mineralogist 85 89-102 | ![]() | 2000 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002337 | Chondrodite | Ottolini L, Camara F, Bigi S (2000) An investigation of matrix effects in the analysis of fluorine in humite-group minerals by EMPA, SIMS, and SREF American Mineralogist 85 89-102 | ![]() | 2000 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005536 | Norbergite | Camara F (1997) New data on the structure of norbergite: location of hydrogen by X-ray diffraction The Canadian Mineralogist 35 1523-1530 | ![]() | 1997 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005535 | Norbergite | Camara F (1997) New data on the structure of norbergite: location of hydrogen by X-ray diffraction The Canadian Mineralogist 35 1523-1530 | ![]() | 1997 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001545 | Ribbeite | Freed R L, Rouse R C, Peacor D R (1993) Ribbeite, a second example of edge-sharing silicate tetrahedra in the leucophoenicite group American Mineralogist 78 190-194 | ![]() | 1993 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000668 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Fujino K, Takeuchi Y (1978) Crystal chemistry of titanian chondrodite and titanian clinohumite of high-pressure origin American Mineralogist 63 535-543 | ![]() | 1978 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000686 | Manganhumite | Francis C A, Ribbe P H (1978) Crystal structures of the humite minerals: V. Magnesian manganhumite American Mineralogist 63 874-877 | ![]() | 1978 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000667 | Chondrodite | Fujino K, Takeuchi Y (1978) Crystal chemistry of titanian chondrodite and titanian clinohumite of high-pressure origin American Mineralogist 63 535-543 | ![]() | 1978 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005091 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Kocman V, Rucklidge J C (1973) The crystal structure of a titaniferous clinohumite The Canadian Mineralogist 12 39-45 | ![]() | 1973 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000302 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Robinson K, Gibbs G V, Ribbe P H (1973) The crystal structures of the humite minerals. IV. Clinohumite and titanoclinohumite American Mineralogist 58 43-49 | ![]() | 1973 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000301 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Robinson K, Gibbs G V, Ribbe P H (1973) The crystal structures of the humite minerals. IV. Clinohumite and titanclinohumite American Mineralogist 58 43-49 | ![]() | 1973 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000250 | Humite | Ribbe P H, Gibbs G V (1971) Crystal structures of the humite minerals: III. Mg/Fe ordering in humite and its relation to other ferromagnesian silicates American Mineralogist 56 1155-1173 | ![]() | 1971 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000208 | Chondrodite | Gibbs G V, Ribbe P H, Anderson C P (1970) The crystal structures of the humite minerals. II. Chondrodite American Mineralogist 55 1182-1194 | ![]() | 1970 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000190 | Norbergite | Gibbs G V, Ribbe P H (1969) The crystal structures of the humite minerals: I. Norbergite American Mineralogist 54 376-390 | ![]() | 1969 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0017920 | Norbergite | Taylor W, West J (1929) The Structure of Norbergite _cod_database_code 1011009 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 70 461-474 | 1929 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0002661 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Kunz M, Chakoumakos B C, Smyth J R, Schultz A J (2001) Temperature-dependent single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite and clinohumite American Mineralogist 86 981-989 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 100 | |
| 0002664 | Clinohumite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Kunz M, Chakoumakos B C, Smyth J R, Schultz A J (2001) Temperature-dependent single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite and clinohumite American Mineralogist 86 981-989 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 100 | |
| 0002667 | Chondrodite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Kunz M, Chakoumakos B C, Smyth J R, Schultz A J (2001) Temperature-dependent single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite and clinohumite American Mineralogist 86 981-989 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 100 | |
| 0002662 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Kunz M, Chakoumakos B C, Smyth J R, Schultz A J (2001) Temperature-dependent single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite and clinohumite American Mineralogist 86 981-989 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 20 | |
| 0002665 | Clinohumite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Kunz M, Chakoumakos B C, Smyth J R, Schultz A J (2001) Temperature-dependent single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite and clinohumite American Mineralogist 86 981-989 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 20 | |
| 0002668 | Chondrodite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Kunz M, Chakoumakos B C, Smyth J R, Schultz A J (2001) Temperature-dependent single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite and clinohumite American Mineralogist 86 981-989 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 10 | |
| 0002863 | Chondrodite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Ulmer P, Kunz M, Marshall W G (2002) High-pressure single-crystal X-ray and powder neutron study of F,OH/OD-chondrodite: Compressibility, structure, and hydrogen bonding American Mineralogist 87 931-939 | ![]() | 2002 | 1.26 | 293 | |
| 0002864 | Chondrodite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Ulmer P, Kunz M, Marshall W G (2002) High-pressure single-crystal X-ray and powder neutron study of F,OH/OD-chondrodite: Compressibility, structure, and hydrogen bonding American Mineralogist 87 931-939 | ![]() | 2002 | 2.89 | 293 | |
| 0002865 | Chondrodite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Ulmer P, Kunz M, Marshall W G (2002) High-pressure single-crystal X-ray and powder neutron study of F,OH/OD-chondrodite: Compressibility, structure, and hydrogen bonding American Mineralogist 87 931-939 | ![]() | 2002 | 3.87 | 293 | |
| 0002861 | Chondrodite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Ulmer P, Kunz M, Marshall W G (2002) High-pressure single-crystal X-ray and powder neutron study of F,OH/OD-chondrodite: Compressibility, structure, and hydrogen bonding American Mineralogist 87 931-939 | ![]() | 2002 | 4.952 | 293 | |
| 0002866 | Chondrodite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Ulmer P, Kunz M, Marshall W G (2002) High-pressure single-crystal X-ray and powder neutron study of F,OH/OD-chondrodite: Compressibility, structure, and hydrogen bonding American Mineralogist 87 931-939 | ![]() | 2002 | 5.27 | 293 | |
| 0002867 | Chondrodite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Ulmer P, Kunz M, Marshall W G (2002) High-pressure single-crystal X-ray and powder neutron study of F,OH/OD-chondrodite: Compressibility, structure, and hydrogen bonding American Mineralogist 87 931-939 | ![]() | 2002 | 7.04 | 293 | |
| 0002862 | Chondrodite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Ulmer P, Kunz M, Marshall W G (2002) High-pressure single-crystal X-ray and powder neutron study of F,OH/OD-chondrodite: Compressibility, structure, and hydrogen bonding American Mineralogist 87 931-939 | ![]() | 2002 | 9.55 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
Relationship of Humite Group to other Species
Humite Group Members:
| Chegemite Subgroup | Ca2nSinO4n · Ca(OH,F)2, n = 2,3,4 | |
| Chegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3(OH)2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Edgrewite | Ca9(SiO4)4F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Fluorchegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3F2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Hydroxyledgrewite | Ca9(SiO4)4(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Kumtyubeite | Ca5(SiO4)2F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Reinhardbraunsite | Ca5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Humite Subgroup | n[Mg2(SiO4)] · Mg(OH,F)2 with n = 1, 2, 3, or 4 | |
| Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Clinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Humite | Mg7(SiO4)3F2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma |
| Hydroxylchondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Hydroxylclinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Norbergite | Mg3(SiO4)F2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| 'Unnamed (OH-analogue of humite)' | Mg7(SiO4)3(OH)2 | Orth. |
| Leucophoenicite Subgroup | ||
| Jerrygibbsite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcn |
| Leucophoenicite | Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Ribbeite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Manganhumite Subgroup | Mn2nSinO4n · Mn(OH,F)2, n = 2,3,4 | |
| Alleghanyite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Manganhumite | Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Sonolite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 'Unnamed (Ca-analogue of Humite)' | Ca7(SiO4)4F2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
Click on any node to view relationships. Formula-derived relationship network for the group members above. Use Find related species to add formula-neighbour species outside the current group view. Solid links show inferred chemical differences; dashed violet links show same-formula crystallographic differences. Hydration states are not treated as relationship changes. These relationships do not imply any real-world substitution reactions between these species.
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Humite Group in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Humite Group
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References for Humite Group
Reference List:
Ribbe, P. H., Gibbs, G. V., Jones, Norris W. (1968) Cation and anion substitutions in the humite minerals. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (283) 966-975 doi:10.1180/minmag.1968.283.036.08
Jones, Norris W., Ribbe, P. H., Gibbs, G. V. (1969) Crystal chemistry of the humite minerals. American Mineralogist, 54 (3-4) 391-411
Ribbe, P. H., Gibbs, G. V. (1971) Crystal structures of the humite minerals: III. Mg /Fe ordering in humite and its relation to other ferromagnesian silicates. American Mineralogist, 56 (5-6) 1155-1173
Ottolini, Luisa, Cámara, Fernando, Bigi, Simona (2000) An investigation of matrix effects in the analysis of fluorine in humite-group minerals by EMPA, SIMS, and SREF. American Mineralogist, 85 (1) 89-102 doi:10.2138/am-2000-0110
Friedrich, Alexandra, Lager, George A., Kunz, Martin, Chakoumakos, Bryan C., Smyth, Joseph R., Schultz, Arthur J. (2001) Temperature-dependent single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite and clinohumites. American Mineralogist, 86 (9) 981-989 doi:10.2138/am-2001-8-904
Langer, Klaus, Platonov, Alexej N., Matsyuk, Stanislavs., Wildner, Manfred (2002) The crystal chemistry of the humite minerals: Fe2+-Ti4+ charge transfer and structural allocation of Ti4+ in chondrodite and clinohumite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 14 (6) 1027-1032 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2002/0014-1027
Frost, Ray L., Palmer, Sara J., Bouzaid, Jocelyn M., Reddy, B. Jagannadha (2007) A Raman spectroscopic study of humite minerals. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 38 (1). 68-77 doi:10.1002/jrs.1601
www.mindat.org (2021) https://www.mindat.org/article.php/4115/Humite-group+minerals+in+carbonate+rocks+and+skarns
www.mindat.org (2021) https://www.mindat.org/article.php/4186/Humite+Group+minerals+in+igneous+rocks
www.mindat.org (2022) https://www.mindat.org/article.php/4109/Introduction+to+the+humite-group+minerals
www.mindat.org (2022) https://www.mindat.org/article.php/4123/Humite-group+minerals+in+metamorphosed+mafic+and+ultramafic+rocks
www.mindat.org (2022) https://www.mindat.org/article.php/4157/Humite+group+minerals+from+the+Bergslagen+region%2C+Sweden
Localities for Humite Group
Showing 1,267 localities.
Locality List
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- This locality has estimated coordinates.
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(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.








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Mount Somma, Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy