Deerite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Deerite
Formula:
Fe2+6Fe3+3(Si6O17)O3(OH)5
Minor Mn(II) may replace Fe(II) and minor Al may replace Fe(III).
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
3.837
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Nemed in 1965 by Stuart Olof Agrell, Michael G. Brown, and Duncan McKie in honor of Professor William Alexander Deer [October 26, 1910 Manchester, England, United Kingdom - February 8, 2009 Cambridge, England, United Kingdom], mineralogist-petrologist, Cambridge University, Cambridge, England. Prof. Deer was one of the authors of the Rock-Forming Minerals book series (Deer, Howie and Zussman).
A rare mineral occurring in blueschist-facies metamorphic rocks.
A solid solution series extends from this ferri-deerite end member to some 20 mole % of a hypothetical alumino-deerite, Fe2+12Al3+6[Si12O40](OH)10 (Langer et al., 1977).
The Mn analogue is known as 'UM1987-19-SiO:FeHMgMnTi'.
A solid solution series extends from this ferri-deerite end member to some 20 mole % of a hypothetical alumino-deerite, Fe2+12Al3+6[Si12O40](OH)10 (Langer et al., 1977).
The Mn analogue is known as 'UM1987-19-SiO:FeHMgMnTi'.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1245
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1245:0
Similar Names
| Daourite | A variety of Elbaite | |
| Dioride | A rock subtype | |
| Diorite | A rock classification type | |
| Doreite | A rock subtype | |
| Dorrite | A valid IMA mineral species | Ca4(Mg3Fe93+)O4(Si3Al8Fe3+O36) |
| Dreeit | A synonym of Baryte | |
| Geerite | A valid IMA mineral species | Cu8S5 |
| Torite | A synonym of Thorite | |
| Turite | A synonym of 'Turgite' | |
| Tyrite | A synonym of 'Fergusonite' | |
| Yttrite | A synonym of Gadolinite-(Y) |
IMA Classification of Deerite
Approved
Approval year:
1964
Classification of Deerite
9.DH.60
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
69.2.3.3
69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
2 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with P>2
69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
2 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with P>2
14.18.33
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Dee | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Dee | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Dee | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Physical Properties of Deerite
Sub-Adamantine
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Dark gray
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
good on {110}
good on {110}
Density:
3.837 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.86 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Deerite
Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 1.840(1) nγ = 1.870(1)
Birefringence:
0.030
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.030
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
relatively strong
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = dark brown, Y = Z = very dark brown, Z || c
Chemistry of Deerite
Mindat Formula:
Fe2+6Fe3+3(Si6O17)O3(OH)5
Minor Mn(II) may replace Fe(II) and minor Al may replace Fe(III).
Minor Mn(II) may replace Fe(II) and minor Al may replace Fe(III).
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Mg
Crystallography of Deerite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.786(8) Å, b = 18.88(2) Å, c = 9.564(9) Å
β = 107.45(5)°
β = 107.45(5)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.571 : 1 : 0.507
Unit Cell V:
1,857.98 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Twinning:
[110] twin axis; submicroscopic, pervasive.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000599 | Deerite | Fleet M E (1977) The crystal structure of deerite near Panoche, San Benito County, California, USA American Mineralogist 62 990-998 |  | 1977 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 9.03 Å | (100) |
| 3.01 Å | (70) |
| 2.64 Å | (55) |
| 2.54 Å | (25) |
| 3.22 Å | (20) |
| 2.37 Å | (20) |
| 9.45 Å | (16) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 39 : High-? metamorphism (blueschist, eclogite, ultrahigh ? facies) |
Geological Setting:
Iron-rich metasediments from the blueschist facies of metamorphism.
Type Occurrence of Deerite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 109455; The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1964,543.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Deerite
Other Language Names for Deerite
Relationship of Deerite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Deerite-Howieite Group:
| Howieite | Na(Fe2+,Fe3+,Al,Mg)12(Si6O17)2(O,OH)10 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Johninnesite | Na2Mn2+9Mg7(OH)8[AsO4]2[Si6O17]2 | Tric. |
| Taneyamalite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+12(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44 | Tric. |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 3 photos of Deerite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 2 photos of Deerite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 2 photos of Deerite associated with Zussmanite | K(Fe,Mg,Mn)13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14 |
| 1 photo of Deerite associated with 'Crossite' | |
| 1 photo of Deerite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 1 photo of Deerite associated with Riebeckite | ◻Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Deerite associated with Chlorite Group |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.DH. | Devilliersite | Ca4Ca2Fe3+10O4[(Fe3+10Si2)O36] |
| 9.DH. | 'Gageite-2M' | (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| 9.DH. | Bavsiite | Ba2V2O2[Si4O12] |
| 9.DH. | Yuzuxiangite | Sr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| 9.DH. | Louisfuchsite | Ca2(Mg4Ti2)(Al4Si2)O20 |
| 9.DH.05 | Leucophanite | NaCaBeSi2O6F |
| 9.DH.10 | Ohmilite | Sr3(Ti,Fe3+)(Si4O12)(O,OH) · 2-3H2O |
| 9.DH.15 | Haradaite | SrVSi2O7 |
| 9.DH.15 | Suzukiite | BaVSi2O7 |
| 9.DH.20 | Shcherbakovite | (K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.20 | Batisite | BaNaNaTi2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.20 | Noonkanbahite | BaKNaTi2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.25 | Taikanite | Sr3BaMn2+2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.30 | Krauskopfite | BaSi2O5 · 3H2O |
| 9.DH.35 | Gageite | Mn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20 |
| 9.DH.35 | Balangeroite | (Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn2+)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| 9.DH.40 | Kuratite | Ca2(Fe2+5Ti)O2[Si4Al2O18] |
| 9.DH.40 | Aenigmatite | Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Dorrite | Ca4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Si3Al8Fe3+O36) |
| 9.DH.40 | Serendibite | Ca4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Rhönite | Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Khesinite | Ca4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Fe3+9Si3)O36 |
| 9.DH.40 | 'UM1991-29-SiO:FeMgNa' | Na4(Mg5Fe3+7)O4[Si9Fe3+3O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Høgtuvaite | Ca4[Fe2+6Fe3+6]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | 'Leucorhönite' | Ca2(Mg,Fe3+,Al)6(Si,Al)6O20 |
| 9.DH.40 | Welshite | Ca4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Wilkinsonite | Na2Fe2+4Fe3+2(Si6O18)O2 |
| 9.DH.40 | Krinovite | Na2Mg4Cr3+2(Si6O18)O2 |
| 9.DH.40 | Makarochkinite | (Ca,Na)4[Fe2+8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36] |
| 9.DH.45 | Sapphirine | Mg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36] |
| 9.DH.50 | Khmaralite | (Mg,Al,Fe)16[(Al,Si,Be)12O36]O4 |
| 9.DH.55 | 'UM1988-26-SiO:AlMg' | Mg4Al2O[Si3Al2O15] |
| 9.DH.55 | Surinamite | (Mg,Fe)3Al4BeSi3O16 |
| 9.DH.65 | Taneyamalite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+12(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44 |
| 9.DH.65 | Howieite | Na(Fe2+,Fe3+,Al,Mg)12(Si6O17)2(O,OH)10 |
| 9.DH.70 | Johninnesite | Na2Mn2+9Mg7(OH)8[AsO4]2[Si6O17]2 |
| 9.DH.75 | Agrellite | NaCa2Si4O10F |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Deerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1245.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Deerite
Reference List:
CARMICHAEL, I. S. E., FYFE, W. S., MACHIN, D. J. (1966) Low Spin Ferrous Iron in the Iron Silicate Deerite. Nature, 211 (5056). 1389 doi:10.1038/2111389a0
Langer, K., Lattard, D., Schreyer, W. (1977) Synthesis and stability of deerite, Fe2+12Fe3+6[Si12O40](OH)10, and Fe3+⇋Al3+ substitutions at 15–28 kb. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 60 (3) 271-297 doi:10.1007/bf01166801
Lattard, Dominique, Schreyer, Werner (1981) Experimental results bearing on the stability of the blueschist-facies minerals deerite, howieite and zussmanite, and their petrological significance. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 104 (4) 431-440 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1981.7490
VERNIÉ, P., KIENAST, J. R., MÉVEL, C. (1986) The occurrence of deerite in highly oxidizing conditions within the 'schistes lustrés' of eastern Corsica. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 4 (4). 385-399 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1986.tb00359.x
Worthing, M. A. (1987) Deerite from Papua New Guinea. Mineralogical Magazine, 51 (363) 689-693 doi:10.1180/minmag.1987.051.363.09
Reinecke, Thomas (1987) Manganoan deerite and calderitic garnet from high-pressure metamorphic Fe-Mn-rich quartzites on Andros Island, Greece. Mineralogical Magazine, 51 (360) 247-251 doi:10.1180/minmag.1987.051.360.06
Dudek, K., Kienast, J. R. (1989) Deerite from Ile de Groix, Brittany, France. Mineralogical Magazine, 53 (373) 603-612 doi:10.1180/minmag.1989.053.373.11
Localities for Deerite
Showing 34 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
China | |
| Zijin Mining Group Company Limited |
| Feng et al. (1986) |
| Lifei Zhang et al. (1999) |
Cuba | |
| Stanek et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
France | |
| Muir Wood (1979) |
| Dudek et al. (1989) |
| Audren et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Muir Wood (1979) |
| Muir Wood (1979) |
| Muir Wood (1979) | |
Greece | |
| Reinecke (1987) +1 other reference |
| Reinecke et al. (1985) +1 other reference | |
| Avigad et al. (1992) |
| Schliestedt (1978) | |
Italy | |
| Martin et al. (2004) |
| Martin et al. (1984) +3 other references |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Papua New Guinea | |
| Worthing (1987) |
| Worthing (1987) | |
Turkey | |
| Muir Wood (1979) |
USA | |
| Muir Wood (1979) |
| Agrell (1964) +4 other references |
| Muir Wood (1979) |
| Panoche Pass +2 other references |
| Muir Wood (1979) | |
| Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference |
| Muir Wood (1979) | |
| Muir Wood (1979) +1 other reference |
| Muir Wood (1979) |
| Muir Wood (1979) |
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Laytonville Quarry, Laytonville, Coastal Range, California, USA