Batisite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Batisite
Formula:
BaNaNaTi2(Si4O12)O2
Colour:
Dark brown
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.432
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in allusion to its chemical composition, containing BArium, TItanium, and SIlicon.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
568
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:568:5
Similar Names
| Bediasite | A variety of 'Tektite' | |
| Betzite | A valid IMA mineral species | Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)Cl4 |
| Bitosite | A rock subtype | |
| Botesite | A synonym of Hessite | |
| Bytízite | A valid IMA mineral species | Cu3SbSe3 |
| K-batisite | A synonym of Noonkanbahite | |
| Natisite | A valid IMA mineral species | Na2Ti(SiO4)O |
IMA Classification of Batisite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Na2BaTi4+2(Si4O12)O2
First published:
1959
Classification of Batisite
9.DH.20
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
65.3.4.1
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
3 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=4
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
3 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=4
14.9.10
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
9 : Silicates of Ti
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
9 : Silicates of Ti
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Bat | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Batisite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Dark brown
Streak:
Rose brown
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=764 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Fair on {100}, {010}, and {001}.
Fair on {100}, {010}, and {001}.
Parting:
{110}
Density:
3.432 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.49 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Batisite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.727(1) nβ = 1.732(1) nγ = 1.789(1)
2V:
Measured: 7° to 40°, Calculated: 34°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.062
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
strong
Optical Extinction:
Z = c; Y = b; X = a.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = colorless; Y = yellowish brown; Z = reddish brown.
Comments:
Elongation positive.
Chemistry of Batisite
Mindat Formula:
BaNaNaTi2(Si4O12)O2
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Zr,Al,Fe,Nb,Mn,Mg,Ca,Sr
Crystallography of Batisite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Imma
Setting:
Imma
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.0921(5) Å, b = 10.4751(7) Å, c = 13.9054(9) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.773 : 1 : 1.327
Unit Cell V:
1,178.70 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
As complex elongated crystals, to 10 cm. Forms include {010}, {001}, {110}, {031}, {150}, {011}, and {310}.
Comment:
Cell parameters from Zolotarev et al. (2017).
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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Display Options
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Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
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Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
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Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014812 | Batisite | Schmahl W W, Tillmanns E (1987) Isomorphic substitutions, straight Si-O-Si geometry, and disorder of tetrahedral tilting in batisite, (Ba,K)(K,Na)Na(Ti,Fe,Nb,Zr)Si4O14 Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1987 107-118 | 1987 | tertiary nephelinite-leucite volcanic rocks, Westeifel, W. Germany | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012440 | Batisite | Nikitin A V, Belov N V (1962) Crystal structure of batisite, Na2BaTi2Si4O14 = Na2BaTi2O2[Si4O12] Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 146 1401-1403 | 1962 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 8.39 Å | (94) |
| 3.386 Å | (56) |
| 3.191 Å | (36) |
| 2.910 Å | (46) |
| 2.896 Å | (100) |
| 2.175 Å | (45) |
| 1.673 Å | (57) |
Comments:
Inagli massif, Russia. Data from Zolotarev et al. (2017), with a maximum intensity given as 94. Pattern is very similar to that of shcherbakovite.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Batisite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Rare Elements, Moscow; Moscow Geological Survey Institute, Moscow; Vernadsky State Geological Museum, Moscow, 46244; A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 61316, vis3299.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In nepheline syenite pegmatite with interstitial crystals of
microcline; rarely with miaroles.
microcline; rarely with miaroles.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Batisite
Other Language Names for Batisite
Relationship of Batisite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Batisite Group:
| Noonkanbahite | BaKNaTi2(Si4O12)O2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma |
| Shcherbakovite | (K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)O2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 8 photos of Batisite associated with Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| 6 photos of Batisite associated with Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| 3 photos of Batisite associated with Magnesio-arfvedsonite | NaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 2 photos of Batisite associated with Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| 1 photo of Batisite associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| 1 photo of Batisite associated with Schorlomite | Ca3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2 |
| 1 photo of Batisite associated with Alumohydrocalcite | CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 1 photo of Batisite associated with Leucite | K(AlSi2O6) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.DH. | Devilliersite | Ca4Ca2Fe3+10O4[(Fe3+10Si2)O36] |
| 9.DH. | 'Gageite-2M' | (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| 9.DH. | Bavsiite | Ba2V2O2[Si4O12] |
| 9.DH. | Yuzuxiangite | Sr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| 9.DH. | Louisfuchsite | Ca2(Mg4Ti2)(Al4Si2)O20 |
| 9.DH.05 | Leucophanite | NaCaBeSi2O6F |
| 9.DH.10 | Ohmilite | Sr3(Ti,Fe3+)(Si4O12)(O,OH) · 2-3H2O |
| 9.DH.15 | Haradaite | SrVSi2O7 |
| 9.DH.15 | Suzukiite | BaVSi2O7 |
| 9.DH.20 | Shcherbakovite | (K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.20 | Noonkanbahite | BaKNaTi2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.25 | Taikanite | Sr3BaMn2+2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.30 | Krauskopfite | BaSi2O5 · 3H2O |
| 9.DH.35 | Gageite | Mn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20 |
| 9.DH.35 | Balangeroite | (Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn2+)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| 9.DH.40 | Kuratite | Ca2(Fe2+5Ti)O2[Si4Al2O18] |
| 9.DH.40 | Aenigmatite | Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Dorrite | Ca4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Si3Al8Fe3+O36) |
| 9.DH.40 | Serendibite | Ca4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Rhönite | Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Khesinite | Ca4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Fe3+9Si3)O36 |
| 9.DH.40 | 'UM1991-29-SiO:FeMgNa' | Na4(Mg5Fe3+7)O4[Si9Fe3+3O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Høgtuvaite | Ca4[Fe2+6Fe3+6]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | 'Leucorhönite' | Ca2(Mg,Fe3+,Al)6(Si,Al)6O20 |
| 9.DH.40 | Welshite | Ca4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Wilkinsonite | Na2Fe2+4Fe3+2(Si6O18)O2 |
| 9.DH.40 | Krinovite | Na2Mg4Cr3+2(Si6O18)O2 |
| 9.DH.40 | Makarochkinite | (Ca,Na)4[Fe2+8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36] |
| 9.DH.45 | Sapphirine | Mg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36] |
| 9.DH.50 | Khmaralite | (Mg,Al,Fe)16[(Al,Si,Be)12O36]O4 |
| 9.DH.55 | 'UM1988-26-SiO:AlMg' | Mg4Al2O[Si3Al2O15] |
| 9.DH.55 | Surinamite | (Mg,Fe)3Al4BeSi3O16 |
| 9.DH.60 | Deerite | Fe2+6Fe3+3(Si6O17)O3(OH)5 |
| 9.DH.65 | Taneyamalite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+12(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44 |
| 9.DH.65 | Howieite | Na(Fe2+,Fe3+,Al,Mg)12(Si6O17)2(O,OH)10 |
| 9.DH.70 | Johninnesite | Na2Mn2+9Mg7(OH)8[AsO4]2[Si6O17]2 |
| 9.DH.75 | Agrellite | NaCa2Si4O10F |
Other Information
Electrical:
Some samples are piezoelectric.
Thermal Behaviour:
Before the blowpipe, melts easily to a brown transparent bead.
At 1000 °C, batisite decomposes with the formation of fresnoite.
At 1000 °C, batisite decomposes with the formation of fresnoite.
Notes:
Insoluble in HCl, HNO3, H2SO4.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Batisite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-568.html
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References for Batisite
Reference List:
Zolotarev, Andrey A., Zhitova, Elena S., Gabdrakhmanova, Faina A., Krzhizhanovskaya, Maria G., Zolotarev, Anatoly A., Krivovichev, Sergey V. (2017) Batisite, Na2BaTi2(Si4O12)O2, from Inagli massif, Aldan, Russia: crystal-structure refinement and high-temperature X-ray diffraction study. Mineralogy and Petrology, 111 (6) 843-851 doi:10.1007/s00710-017-0497-z
Localities for Batisite
Showing 16 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Collection of NHM |
Brazil | |
| Azzi et al. (2018) |
Canada | |
| Hogarth (1997) |
China | |
| Liu (2016, April) |
Germany | |
| Skrzyńska et al. (2023) |
| Juroszek et al. (Ti 5 Fe) +1 other reference | |
| in the collection of Christof Schäfer |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Hentschel (1989) | |
| Hentschel (1983) | |
| Blaß et al. (2012) |
| Hentschel (1993) |
Russia | |
| Vorob'yev et al. (1984) |
| Moiseev et al. (2007) |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... | |
| AN-SSSR (1959) +2 other references |
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Inagli chrome-diopside deposit, Inagli Massif, Aldan, Sakha, Russia