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Welshite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Welshite (13)Discuss Welshite

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Welshite

Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

Welshite

Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

Welshite, etc.

Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

Welshite

Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

Welshite

Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

Welshite, etc.

Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

Welshite

Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

Welshite

Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

Welshite

Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

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About WelshiteHide

Wilfred R. Welsh

Formula:

Ca₄Mg₉Sb₃O₄[Si₆Be₃AlFe₂O₃₆]

Colour:

Reddish black, reddish brown. brown-black; Brownish orange in transmitted light

Lustre:

Sub-Adamantine, Resinous

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

3.77

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Member of:

Rhönite Group > Sapphirine Supergroup

Name:

Named in 1970 and formally described in 1978 by Paul (Paulus) Brian Moore in honour of Wilfred "Bill" Reinhardt Welsh (29 January 1915, West Orange, New Jersey, USA - 14 November 2002, Newton, New Jersey, USA), public school science teacher, auxiliary police officer, motorcycle enthusiast, and amateur mineralogist of Upper Saddle River, New Jersey (USA). He was past President of the Franklin Mineral Museum and a significant benefactor to that institution, where his mineral and fossil collections now reside. Dr. Paul Moore was a student of Bill's and the naming acknowledged an extraordinary mentor whose verve inspired Paul to become a mineralogist.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

Isostructural with:

Aenigmatite

Aenigmatite Group.

The only non-centrosymmetric member of the sapphirine group.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

4267

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:4267:9

Similar NamesHide

Wölchite

A synonym of Bournonite

IMA Classification of WelshiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Ca₄(Mg₉Sb⁵⁺₃)O₄[Si₆Be₃AlFe³⁺₂O₃₆]

Approval year:

1973

First published:

1978

Type description reference:

Moore, Paul B. (1978) Welshite, Ca₂Mg₄Fe³⁺Sb⁵⁺O₂[Si₄Be₂O₁₈], a new member of the aenigmatite group. Mineralogical Magazine, 42 (321) 129-132 doi:10.1180/minmag.1978.042.321.19

Classification of WelshiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.DH.40

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si₄O₁₂

Dana 8th ed.:

69.2.1a.7

69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
2 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with P>2

Hey's CIM Ref.:

17.7.16

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
7 : Silicates with vanadate, arsenate or antimonate

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Wel	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of WelshiteHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon Ralph	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of WelshiteHide

Lustre:

Sub-Adamantine, Resinous

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Reddish black, reddish brown. brown-black; Brownish orange in transmitted light

Streak:

Pale brown

Hardness:

6 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

None Observed

Fracture:

Conchoidal

Density:

3.77 g/cm³ (Measured) 3.948 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of WelshiteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.811 n_γ = 1.831

2V:

Measured: 45°

Birefringence:

0.020

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.020
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.

Thickness: 30 µm

Stage rotation: 0°

Dispersion:

r > v

Pleochroism:

Not Visible

Chemistry of WelshiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Ca₄Mg₉Sb₃O₄[Si₆Be₃AlFe₂O₃₆]

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	37.240 %
Sb	21.255 %
Mg	12.729 %
Si	9.806 %
Ca	9.328 %
Fe	6.499 %
Be	1.573 %
Al	1.570 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, Be, Ca, Fe, Mg, O, Sb, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Al,As,Mn,Be

Crystallography of WelshiteHide

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Class (H-M):

1 - Pedial

Space Group:

Setting:

Cell Parameters:

a = 10.394(3) Å, b = 10.777(3) Å, c = 8.896(2) Å
α = 105.953°, β = 96.294°, γ = 124.948°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.964 : 1 : 0.825

Unit Cell V:

738.8 Å³

Morphology:

Pseudomonoclinic. Crystals stout prismatic [001]. May be flattened on {010}. Free-standing crystals are rare.

Twinning:

Polysynthetic on {010}.

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

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Stop | Start

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0004268	Welshite	Grew E S, Barbier J, Britten J, Halenius U, Shearer C K (2007) The crystal chemistry of welshite, a non-centrosymmetric (P1) aenigmatite- sapphirine-surinamite group mineral American Mineralogist 92 80-90		2007		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Welshite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Grew E S'
'Barbier J'
'Britten J'
'Halenius U'
'Shearer C K'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 92 
_journal_year 2007
_journal_page_first 80
_journal_page_last 90
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal chemistry of welshite, a non-centrosymmetric (P1) aenigmatite-
 sapphirine-surinamite group mineral
;
_database_code_amcsd 0004268
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ca3.78 Mg7.87 Sb3 Mn1.35 Si5.73 Be3.33 Al1.71 Fe.96 As.27 O40'
_cell_length_a 10.394
_cell_length_b 10.777
_cell_length_c 8.896
_cell_angle_alpha 105.953
_cell_angle_beta 96.294
_cell_angle_gamma 124.948
_cell_volume 738.874
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.895
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
CaM8A  -0.18235  -0.60723  -0.40103   1.00000   0.01295
MgM7A  -0.98340  -0.73430  -0.26640   1.00000   0.00900
SbM7   0.00111   0.73408   0.26722   1.00000   0.00660
MgM1   0.00014   0.00010   0.50002   0.87000   0.00770
MnM1   0.00014   0.00010   0.50002   0.13000   0.00770
MgM2   0.01798   0.50023   0.99824   0.92000   0.00730
MnM2   0.01798   0.50023   0.99824   0.08000   0.00730
MgM3   0.32390   0.84820   0.17610   0.95000   0.00780
MnM3   0.32390   0.84820   0.17610   0.05000   0.00780
MgM4   0.77950   0.82360   0.15110   0.94000   0.00820
MnM4   0.77950   0.82360   0.15110   0.06000   0.00820
MgM5   0.10217   0.93896   0.05910   0.66000   0.00800
MnM5   0.10217   0.93896   0.05910   0.34000   0.00800
MgM6   0.60094   0.93429   0.06176   0.64000   0.00850
MnM6   0.60094   0.93429   0.06176   0.36000   0.00850
CaM8   0.21764   0.61485   0.39909   0.89000   0.01173
MnM8   0.21764   0.61485   0.39909   0.11000   0.01173
CaM9   0.65965   0.60580   0.38813   0.97000   0.01094
MnM9   0.65965   0.60580   0.38813   0.03000   0.01094
SbM3A  -0.30241  -0.85907  -0.16766   1.00000   0.00697
SbM4A  -0.77663  -0.83350  -0.14338   1.00000   0.00631
MgM5A  -0.08760  -0.94310  -0.04950   0.91000   0.00730
MnM5A  -0.08760  -0.94310  -0.04950   0.09000   0.00730
MgM6A  -0.59630  -0.95760  -0.05150   0.98000   0.00780
MnM6A  -0.59630  -0.95760  -0.05150   0.02000   0.00780
CaM9A  -0.65242  -0.59444  -0.39025   0.92000   0.01082
MnM9A  -0.65242  -0.59444  -0.39025   0.08000   0.01082
SiT1   0.48339   0.23642   0.33405   1.00000   0.00690
BeT4   0.28280   0.33760   0.22930   1.00000   0.00960
AlT6A  -0.35486  -0.56862  -0.05331   0.56000   0.00665
FeT6A  -0.35486  -0.56862  -0.05331   0.44000   0.00665
SiT2   0.99016   0.23313   0.34155   0.99000   0.00690
AsT2   0.99016   0.23313   0.34155   0.01000   0.00690
BeT3   0.79500   0.34040   0.23650   0.52000   0.00690
AlT3   0.79500   0.34040   0.23650   0.48000   0.00690
FeT5   0.36557   0.05528   0.56726   0.52000   0.00721
AlT5   0.36557   0.05528   0.56726   0.48000   0.00721
SiT6   0.37304   0.55842   0.06359   0.87000   0.00710
AsT6   0.37304   0.55842   0.06359   0.13000   0.00710
BeT1A  -0.46760  -0.23390  -0.33430   1.00000   0.00940
BeT2A  -0.97120  -0.23480  -0.34450   0.81000   0.00810
AlT2A  -0.97120  -0.23480  -0.34450   0.19000   0.00810
SiT3A  -0.77682  -0.34095  -0.23952   0.97000   0.00650
AsT3A  -0.77682  -0.34095  -0.23952   0.03000   0.00650
SiT4A  -0.26661  -0.33449  -0.23107   1.00000   0.00660
SiT5A  -0.35996  -0.06611  -0.55804   0.90000   0.00650
AsT5A  -0.35996  -0.06611  -0.55804   0.10000   0.00650
O1   0.36180   0.06120   0.16990   1.00000   0.00910
O2   0.86120   0.06050   0.17310   1.00000   0.00950
O3   0.46360   0.03390   0.73000   1.00000   0.01020
O4   0.03010   0.93390   0.27570   1.00000   0.01010
O5   0.24070   0.85260   0.38570   1.00000   0.01130
O6   0.25800   0.14170   0.63670   1.00000   0.01000
O7   0.51720   0.20620   0.49800   1.00000   0.00970
O8   0.04390   0.21410   0.50850   1.00000   0.00810
O9   0.90490   0.32210   0.37450   1.00000   0.01160
O10   0.40690   0.33310   0.36300   1.00000   0.00920
O11   0.65810   0.16680   0.05170   1.00000   0.00860
O12   0.16380   0.16960   0.05860   1.00000   0.00870
O13   0.53650   0.70560   0.04020   1.00000   0.01030
O14   0.06670   0.72490   0.06820   1.00000   0.00930
O15   0.25690   0.60810   0.11910   1.00000   0.00910
O16   0.26710   0.38590   0.87880   1.00000   0.00730
O17   0.41640   0.50030   0.19790   1.00000   0.01010
O18   0.95330   0.51770   0.22030   1.00000   0.01010
O19   0.16910   0.36230   0.32160   1.00000   0.00890
O20   0.67260   0.36640   0.33040   1.00000   0.01020
O1A  -0.34170  -0.06050  -0.16730   1.00000   0.00760
O2A  -0.83520  -0.05060  -0.17030   1.00000   0.00750
O3A  -0.43870  -0.04440  -0.70670   1.00000   0.00980
O4A  -0.00530  -0.93660  -0.26320   1.00000   0.00690
O5A  -0.24840  -0.88080  -0.38660   1.00000   0.00760
O6A  -0.24710  -0.12150  -0.60780   1.00000   0.00980
O7A  -0.49660  -0.20050  -0.49820   1.00000   0.00960
O8A  -0.03470  -0.21860  -0.51810   1.00000   0.00790
O9A  -0.88150  -0.32050  -0.36870   1.00000   0.00890
O10A  -0.38840  -0.33070  -0.35850   1.00000   0.00890
O11A  -0.65390  -0.17610  -0.06140   1.00000   0.00800
O12A  -0.14800  -0.16760  -0.05940   1.00000   0.00840
O13A  -0.54620  -0.73330  -0.03700   1.00000   0.01010
O14A  -0.06600  -0.73770  -0.06430   1.00000   0.00850
O15A  -0.24010  -0.63820  -0.13850   1.00000   0.01000
O16A  -0.24020  -0.38910  -0.85140   1.00000   0.00920
O17A  -0.39650  -0.49840  -0.19940   1.00000   0.01020
O18A  -0.92330  -0.50770  -0.21750   1.00000   0.00770
O19A  -0.15370  -0.36270  -0.32200   1.00000   0.01100
O20A  -0.66170  -0.36900  -0.33100   1.00000   0.00750
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
CaM8A 0.01160 0.01530 0.01330 0.00920 0.00290 0.00610
MgM7A 0.00970 0.00940 0.00790 0.00580 0.00430 0.00370
SbM7 0.00631 0.00714 0.00669 0.00446 0.00241 0.00267
MgM1 0.00830 0.00820 0.00580 0.00540 0.00140 0.00170
MnM1 0.00830 0.00820 0.00580 0.00540 0.00140 0.00170
MgM2 0.00770 0.00540 0.00590 0.00380 0.00160 0.00060
MnM2 0.00770 0.00540 0.00590 0.00380 0.00160 0.00060
MgM3 0.00740 0.00850 0.00800 0.00470 0.00340 0.00480
MnM3 0.00740 0.00850 0.00800 0.00470 0.00340 0.00480
MgM4 0.00950 0.00910 0.00830 0.00650 0.00370 0.00470
MnM4 0.00950 0.00910 0.00830 0.00650 0.00370 0.00470
MgM5 0.00680 0.00890 0.01030 0.00480 0.00370 0.00640
MnM5 0.00680 0.00890 0.01030 0.00480 0.00370 0.00640
MgM6 0.00760 0.01120 0.00970 0.00640 0.00410 0.00670
MnM6 0.00760 0.01120 0.00970 0.00640 0.00410 0.00670
CaM8 0.01280 0.01120 0.01140 0.00810 0.00190 0.00460
MnM8 0.01280 0.01120 0.01140 0.00810 0.00190 0.00460
CaM9 0.00900 0.01060 0.00990 0.00430 0.00390 0.00440
MnM9 0.00900 0.01060 0.00990 0.00430 0.00390 0.00440
SbM3A 0.00568 0.00645 0.00894 0.00378 0.00267 0.00341
SbM4A 0.00595 0.00769 0.00564 0.00450 0.00204 0.00265
MgM5A 0.00510 0.00770 0.00760 0.00400 0.00120 0.00210
MnM5A 0.00510 0.00770 0.00760 0.00400 0.00120 0.00210
MgM6A 0.00780 0.00870 0.00880 0.00620 0.00340 0.00330
MnM6A 0.00780 0.00870 0.00880 0.00620 0.00340 0.00330
CaM9A 0.00950 0.00960 0.01250 0.00530 0.00450 0.00500
MnM9A 0.00950 0.00960 0.01250 0.00530 0.00450 0.00500
SiT1 0.00640 0.00620 0.00570 0.00350 0.00020 0.00150
BeT4 0.01000 0.01400 0.00900 0.00800 0.00600 0.00700
AlT6A 0.00560 0.00610 0.00660 0.00350 0.00130 0.00150
FeT6A 0.00560 0.00610 0.00660 0.00350 0.00130 0.00150
SiT2 0.00680 0.00670 0.00600 0.00400 0.00150 0.00200
AsT2 0.00680 0.00670 0.00600 0.00400 0.00150 0.00200
BeT3 0.00590 0.00900 0.00490 0.00430 0.00200 0.00260
AlT3 0.00590 0.00900 0.00490 0.00430 0.00200 0.00260
FeT5 0.00750 0.00740 0.00590 0.00480 0.00110 0.00200
AlT5 0.00750 0.00740 0.00590 0.00480 0.00110 0.00200
SiT6 0.00580 0.00680 0.00760 0.00390 0.00180 0.00200
AsT6 0.00580 0.00680 0.00760 0.00390 0.00180 0.00200
BeT1A 0.00900 0.00700 0.00800 0.00500 0.00000 -0.00100
BeT2A 0.00900 0.00770 0.00820 0.00560 0.00220 0.00350
AlT2A 0.00900 0.00770 0.00820 0.00560 0.00220 0.00350
SiT3A 0.00540 0.00590 0.00620 0.00270 0.00200 0.00220
AsT3A 0.00540 0.00590 0.00620 0.00270 0.00200 0.00220
SiT4A 0.00630 0.00660 0.00520 0.00390 0.00080 0.00130
SiT5A 0.00620 0.00670 0.00510 0.00370 0.00190 0.00150
AsT5A 0.00620 0.00670 0.00510 0.00370 0.00190 0.00150
O1 0.01100 0.00800 0.00570 0.00540 0.00160 0.00130
O2 0.01100 0.00650 0.01000 0.00550 0.00260 0.00300
O3 0.00660 0.01500 0.00830 0.00700 0.00220 0.00440
O4 0.00890 0.00960 0.01190 0.00610 0.00170 0.00470
O5 0.00780 0.01400 0.01300 0.00680 0.00240 0.00870
O6 0.00820 0.01090 0.00820 0.00450 0.00340 0.00410
O7 0.00920 0.01060 0.00830 0.00560 0.00200 0.00480
O8 0.01110 0.00970 0.00580 0.00790 0.00260 0.00300
O9 0.01280 0.01530 0.01140 0.01040 0.00500 0.00700
O10 0.00790 0.00910 0.00970 0.00480 0.00270 0.00430
O11 0.00930 0.00960 0.00760 0.00640 0.00260 0.00320
O12 0.01100 0.00670 0.00700 0.00540 0.00350 0.00130
O13 0.00630 0.01300 0.01100 0.00500 0.00400 0.00610
O14 0.00900 0.01110 0.00750 0.00640 0.00240 0.00340
O15 0.00670 0.00810 0.01140 0.00470 0.00240 0.00280
O16 0.01190 0.00610 0.00690 0.00690 0.00430 0.00280
O17 0.00680 0.00700 0.01340 0.00210 0.00330 0.00570
O18 0.01300 0.01000 0.00970 0.00760 0.00530 0.00410
O19 0.00880 0.00830 0.00800 0.00510 0.00390 0.00140
O20 0.00630 0.00840 0.01150 0.00300 0.00290 0.00300
O1A 0.01200 0.00560 0.00620 0.00680 0.00260 0.00110
O2A 0.00930 0.00740 0.00450 0.00610 -0.00140 0.00020
O3A 0.00840 0.00830 0.00880 0.00380 0.00110 0.00300
O4A 0.00600 0.00630 0.00540 0.00350 0.00100 0.00020
O5A 0.00600 0.00610 0.00450 0.00120 0.00220 0.00060
O6A 0.00980 0.01130 0.00820 0.00710 0.00230 0.00290
O7A 0.01130 0.00920 0.00740 0.00570 0.00310 0.00430
O8A 0.00860 0.01070 0.00970 0.00650 0.00680 0.00820
O9A 0.01190 0.01010 0.00850 0.00910 0.00260 0.00340
O10A 0.01050 0.00930 0.00690 0.00690 0.00090 0.00240
O11A 0.00530 0.00800 0.00610 0.00270 0.00160 0.00100
O12A 0.00880 0.00860 0.00510 0.00530 0.00140 0.00070
O13A 0.01000 0.00900 0.01100 0.00560 0.00370 0.00520
O14A 0.00740 0.00880 0.00930 0.00520 0.00250 0.00360
O15A 0.00920 0.00660 0.01200 0.00360 0.00430 0.00390
O16A 0.00600 0.01100 0.00870 0.00580 -0.00020 0.00210
O17A 0.00960 0.01050 0.00840 0.00510 0.00360 0.00410
O18A 0.00680 0.00750 0.00700 0.00310 0.00330 0.00390
O19A 0.00820 0.00990 0.01380 0.00570 0.00390 0.00360
O20A 0.00820 0.00550 0.00750 0.00390 0.00330 0.00180

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
7.32 Å	(70)
4.73 Å	(60)
2.910 Å	(70)
2.670 Å	(60)
2.530 Å	(100)
1.489 Å	(70)
1.460 Å	(70)

Locality:

Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

Reference:

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations

Type Occurrence of WelshiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Hematitic-dolomitic skarn

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Adelite	Berzeliite	Dolomite	Hausmannite	Hematite
Phlogopite	Richterite	Roméite Group	Swedenborgite

Reference:

Synonyms of WelshiteHide

IMA1973-019

Other Language Names for WelshiteHide

Dutch:Welshiet

German:Welshit

Spanish:Welshita

Relationship of Welshite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Rhönite Group > Sapphirine Supergroup

Other Members of Rhönite Group:

Dorrite	Ca₄(Mg₃Fe³⁺₉)O₄(Si₃Al₈Fe³⁺O₃₆)	Tric.
Høgtuvaite	Ca₄[Fe²⁺₆Fe³⁺₆]O₄[Si₈Be₂Al₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
Kuratite	Ca₂(Fe²⁺₅Ti)O₂[Si₄Al₂O₁₈]	Tric. 1 : P1
'Leucorhönite'	Ca₂(Mg,Fe³⁺,Al)₆(Si,Al)₆O₂₀	Tric.
Makarochkinite	(Ca,Na)₄[Fe²⁺₈Fe³⁺₂Ti₂]O₄[Si₈Be₂Al₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
Rhönite	Ca₄[Mg₈Fe³⁺₂Ti₂]O₄[Si₆Al₆O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
Serendibite	Ca₄[Mg₆Al₆]O₄[Si₆B₃Al₃O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

5 photos of Welshite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
4 photos of Welshite associated with Roméite Group	A₂(Sb⁵⁺)₂O₆Z
3 photos of Welshite associated with Hematite	Fe₂O₃

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.DH.	Devilliersite	Ca₄Ca₂Fe³⁺₁₀O₄[(Fe³⁺₁₀Si₂)O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.	'Gageite-2M'	(Mn,Mg,Zn)₄₂Si₁₆O₅₄(OH)₄₀	Mon. 2/m
9.DH.	Bavsiite	Ba₂V₂O₂[Si₄O₁₂]	Tet. 4/m : I4/m
9.DH.	Yuzuxiangite	Sr₃Fe³⁺(Si₂O₆)₂(OH) · 3H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.DH.	Louisfuchsite	Ca₂(Mg₄Ti₂)(Al₄Si₂)O₂₀	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.05	Leucophanite	NaCaBeSi₂O₆F	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
9.DH.10	Ohmilite	Sr₃(Ti,Fe³⁺)(Si₄O₁₂)(O,OH) · 2-3H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.DH.15	Haradaite	SrVSi₂O₇	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.DH.15	Suzukiite	BaVSi₂O₇	Orth.
9.DH.20	Shcherbakovite	(K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)₂(Si₄O₁₂)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.DH.20	Batisite	BaNaNaTi₂(Si₄O₁₂)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.DH.20	Noonkanbahite	BaKNaTi₂(Si₄O₁₂)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.DH.25	Taikanite	Sr₃BaMn²⁺₂(Si₄O₁₂)O₂	Mon. 2 : B2
9.DH.30	Krauskopfite	BaSi₂O₅ · 3H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.DH.35	Gageite	Mn₂₁(Si₄O₁₂)₂O₃(OH)₂₀	Mon. 2/m
9.DH.35	Balangeroite	(Mg,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺)₄₂Si₁₆O₅₄(OH)₄₀	Mon. 2/m
9.DH.40	Kuratite	Ca₂(Fe²⁺₅Ti)O₂[Si₄Al₂O₁₈]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Dorrite	Ca₄(Mg₃Fe³⁺₉)O₄(Si₃Al₈Fe³⁺O₃₆)	Tric.
9.DH.40	Serendibite	Ca₄[Mg₆Al₆]O₄[Si₆B₃Al₃O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Rhönite	Ca₄[Mg₈Fe³⁺₂Ti₂]O₄[Si₆Al₆O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Khesinite	Ca₄(Mg₃Fe³⁺₉)O₄(Fe³⁺₉Si₃)O₃₆	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	'UM1991-29-SiO:FeMgNa'	Na₄(Mg₅Fe³⁺₇)O₄[Si₉Fe³⁺₃O₃₆]
9.DH.40	Høgtuvaite	Ca₄[Fe²⁺₆Fe³⁺₆]O₄[Si₈Be₂Al₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	'Leucorhönite'	Ca₂(Mg,Fe³⁺,Al)₆(Si,Al)₆O₂₀	Tric.
9.DH.40	Wilkinsonite	Na₂Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺₂(Si₆O₁₈)O₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Krinovite	Na₂Mg₄Cr³⁺₂(Si₆O₁₈)O₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.40	Makarochkinite	(Ca,Na)₄[Fe²⁺₈Fe³⁺₂Ti₂]O₄[Si₈Be₂Al₂O₃₆]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.45	Sapphirine	Mg₄(Mg₃Al₉)O₄[Si₃Al₉O₃₆]	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.DH.50	Khmaralite	(Mg,Al,Fe)₁₆[(Al,Si,Be)₁₂O₃₆]O₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.DH.55	'UM1988-26-SiO:AlMg'	Mg₄Al₂O[Si₃Al₂O₁₅]
9.DH.55	Surinamite	(Mg,Fe)₃Al₄BeSi₃O₁₆	Mon. 2/m
9.DH.60	Deerite	Fe²⁺₆Fe³⁺₃(Si₆O₁₇)O₃(OH)₅	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.DH.65	Taneyamalite	(Na,Ca)Mn²⁺₁₂(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₄₄	Tric.
9.DH.65	Howieite	Na(Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Al,Mg)₁₂(Si₆O₁₇)₂(O,OH)₁₀	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DH.70	Johninnesite	Na₂Mn²⁺₉Mg₇(OH)₈[AsO₄]₂[Si₆O₁₇]₂	Tric.
9.DH.75	Agrellite	NaCa₂Si₄O₁₀F	Tric. 1 : P1

Fluorescence of WelshiteHide

In UV light:

Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for WelshiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-4267.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Welshite on Webmineral

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for WelshiteHide

Reference List:

Moore, Paul B. (1970) Mineralogy and chemistry of Långban-type deposits in Bergslagen, Sweden. The Mineralogical Record, 1 (4). 154-172

Fleischer, Michael, Chao, George Y., Pabst, and Adolf (1979) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 64 (1-2) 241-245

Burt, D.M. (1994) Vector representation of some mineral compositions in the aenigmatite group, with special reference to hogtuvaite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 32: 449-457.

(2001) Welshite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Grew, E. S., Hålenius, U., Kritikos, M., Shearer, C. K. (2001) New data on welshite, e.g. Ca₂Mg_3.8Mn_0.6²⁺Fe_0.1²⁺Sb_1.5⁵⁺O₂[Si_2.8Be_1.7Fe_0.65³⁺Al_0.7As_0.17O₁₈], an aenigmatite-group mineral. Mineralogical Magazine, 65 (5) 665-674 doi:10.1180/002646101317018488

Grew, E. S., Barbier, J., Britten, J., Halenius, U., Shearer, C. K. (2007) The crystal chemistry of welshite, a non-centrosymmetric (P1) aenigmatite-sapphirine-surinamite group mineral. American Mineralogist, 92 (1) 80-90 doi:10.2138/am.2007.2250

Localities for WelshiteHide

Showing 1 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Sweden (TL)

Värmland County

Filipstad

Långban Ore District

ⓘ Långban Mine (TL)

Moore (1978) +2 other references

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Welshite

About WelshiteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

Similar NamesHide

IMA Classification of WelshiteHide

Classification of WelshiteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Pronunciation of WelshiteHide

Physical Properties of WelshiteHide

Optical Data of WelshiteHide

Chemistry of WelshiteHide

Crystallography of WelshiteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of WelshiteHide

Synonyms of WelshiteHide

Other Language Names for WelshiteHide

Relationship of Welshite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Fluorescence of WelshiteHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for WelshiteHide

References for WelshiteHide

Localities for WelshiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide