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Stilpnomelane

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Stilpnomelane (74)Discuss Stilpnomelane

Stilpnomelane Gallery Search Photos of Stilpnomelane

Edit Stilpnomelane Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Stilpnomelane

Les Moulins Mine, Saint-Luc, Anniviers, Sierre, Valais, Switzerland

Stilpnomelane

Blanchard Hill, Skagit County, Washington, USA

Stilpnomelane

Clot della Mutta, Banchetta Mountain, Sestriere, Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy

Stilpnomelane

Les Moulins Mine, Saint-Luc, Anniviers, Sierre, Valais, Switzerland

Stilpnomelane

Blanchard Hill, Skagit County, Washington, USA

Stilpnomelane

Clot della Mutta, Banchetta Mountain, Sestriere, Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy

Stilpnomelane

Les Moulins Mine, Saint-Luc, Anniviers, Sierre, Valais, Switzerland

Stilpnomelane

Blanchard Hill, Skagit County, Washington, USA

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About StilpnomelaneHide

Formula:

K₄Fe²⁺₄₈[Si₆₄Al₈]O₁₆₄(OH)₅₂ · nH₂O

The prior (pre-IMA Proposal 25-B) formula was (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆ · nH₂O.
In natural samples, the ratio of ferric vs. ferrous iron varies greatly.
May contain minor ammonium (Blake, 1965).

Colour:

Red, brown, black, dark green, dark reddish brown, golden brown

Lustre:

Sub-Vitreous, Pearly, Sub-Metallic

Hardness:

3 - 4

Specific Gravity:

2.59 - 2.96

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Member of:

Stilpnomelane Group

Name:

Named in 1827 by Ernst Friedrich Glocker from Greek στιλπνος "stilpnos" ("shining"), and μέλᾱς "melas" ("black"), alluding to its appearance.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Melchior and Tobias adits, Dolní Údolí, Zlaté Hory, Jeseník District, Olomouc Region, Czech Republic

Isostructural with:

Lennilenapeite, Parsettensite

The formula was changed in 2026 (IMA Proposal 25-B).

Compare "chalcodite".

Stilpnomelane may be confused with "biotite" and other brownish mica (e.g. annite), also with dark chlorite.

Structurally related to bannisterite, kayupovaite and other modulated manganese phyllosilicates.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3789

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3789:7

IMA Classification of StilpnomelaneHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

(K,Ca,Na)(Fe²⁺,Mg,Al,Fe³⁺)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆·nH₂O

Classification of StilpnomelaneHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.EG.40

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
G : Double nets with 6-membered and larger rings

Dana 8th ed.:

74.1.1.1

74 : PHYLLOSILICATES Modulated Layers
1 : Modulated Layers with joined islands

Hey's CIM Ref.:

16.20.9

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
20 : Aluminosilicates of Fe, Mg and alkalis

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Stp	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Stp	Kretz (1983)	Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
Stp	Siivolam & Schmid (2007)	Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
Stp	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
Stp	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download
Stp	Warr (2020)	Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of StilpnomelaneHide

Lustre:

Sub-Vitreous, Pearly, Sub-Metallic

Transparency:

Translucent

Comment:

Pearly to vitreous on cleavage

Colour:

Red, brown, black, dark green, dark reddish brown, golden brown

Streak:

White, grey

Hardness:

3 - 4 on Mohs scale

Cleavage:

Perfect
Perfect on {001}
imperfect {010}

Fracture:

Micaceous

Density:

2.59 - 2.96 g/cm³ (Measured) 2.667 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of StilpnomelaneHide

Type:

Biaxial (-)

RI values:

n_α = 1.543 - 1.634 n_β = 1.576 - 1.745 n_γ = 1.576 - 1.745

Birefringence:

0.033

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.033 - 0.111
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.

No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (-0°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.

Thickness: 30 µm

Stage rotation: 0°

Dispersion:

none

Pleochroism:

Visible

Comments:

X- bright golden yellow to pale yellow
Y= Z= deep reddish brown, to deep green to nearly black

Comments:

The wide variation in reported optics may be due to ferric-dominant stilpnomelanes being regarded as ordinary stilpnomelanes.

Chemistry of StilpnomelaneHide

Mindat Formula:

K₄Fe²⁺₄₈[Si₆₄Al₈]O₁₆₄(OH)₅₂ · nH₂O

The prior (pre-IMA Proposal 25-B) formula was (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆ · nH₂O.
In natural samples, the ratio of ferric vs. ferrous iron varies greatly.
May contain minor ammonium (Blake, 1965).

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	41.447 %
Fe	32.001 %
Si	21.458 %
Al	2.577 %
K	1.867 %
H	0.650 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, Fe, H, K, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Ti,Mn,Ca,Na

Crystallography of StilpnomelaneHide

Crystal System:

Triclinic

Class (H-M):

1 - Pinacoidal

Space Group:

Cell Parameters:

a = 21.724 Å, b = 21.724 Å, c = 17.740 Å
α = 124.14°, β = 95.86°, γ = 120°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1 : 1 : 0.817

Unit Cell V:

5,074.01 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Plates or scales, plumose or radiating groups.

Crystal StructureHide

Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

Rotation
Stop | Start

Labels
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0001654	Stilpnomelane	Guggenheim S, Eggleton R A (1994) Stilpnomelane and parsettensite: A distance least squares (DLS) study American Mineralogist 79 438-442		1994		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Stilpnomelane'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Guggenheim S'
'Eggleton R A'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 79 
_journal_year 1994
_journal_page_first 438
_journal_page_last 442
_publ_section_title
;
 Stilpnomelane and parsettensite: A distance least squares (DLS) study
 Note: this is a theoretical structure
;
_database_code_amcsd 0001654
_chemical_formula_sum 'Fe2 Si3 O9'
_cell_length_a 22.20
_cell_length_b 22.20
_cell_length_c 17.835
_cell_angle_alpha 125.03
_cell_angle_beta 95.98
_cell_angle_gamma 120.0
_cell_volume 5199.102
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      2.606
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P -1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Fe1   0.30380   0.35330   0.53000
Fe2   0.21710   0.43170   0.52170
Fe3   0.13350   0.26930   0.52230
Fe4   0.38030   0.51020   0.51440
Fe5   0.04760   0.34390   0.51550
Fe6   0.21530   0.17840   0.51800
Fe7   0.46180   0.42170   0.50730
Fe8   0.29640   0.59210   0.51250
Fe9   0.12950   0.50840   0.51240
Fe10   0.96790   0.17680   0.51640
Fe11   0.04520   0.08930   0.50950
Fe12   0.38280   0.26170   0.51530
Fe13   0.54160   0.33210   0.49840
Fe14   0.20870   0.66980   0.50350
Fe15   0.96370   0.42120   0.50580
Fe16   0.87720   0.25410   0.50610
Fe17   0.79310   0.08410   0.50360
Fe18   0.87320  -0.00210   0.49720
Fe19   0.29470   0.08820   0.50750
Fe20   0.37470   0.00090   0.50040
Fe21   0.46160   0.17110   0.50430
Fe22   0.37520   0.75190   0.50280
Fe23   0.29050   0.83230   0.49920
Fe24   0.54200   0.08320   0.50030
Si1   0.28040   0.27330   0.29010
Si2   0.19910   0.35260   0.28690
Si3   0.03800   0.27170   0.28760
Si4   0.95820   0.11070   0.28820
Si5   0.03900   0.02980   0.28720
Si6   0.20290   0.11410   0.29330
Si7   0.43200   0.33830   0.26810
Si8   0.27440   0.50750   0.27720
Si9   0.95340   0.34510   0.27510
Si10   0.79520   0.02740   0.28410
Si11   0.95300   0.85910   0.27280
Si12   0.27970   0.02680   0.28210
Si13   0.50590   0.49100   0.25520
Si14   0.43060   0.57980   0.26480
Si15   0.19400   0.58730   0.27220
Si16   0.03070   0.50220   0.26840
Si17   0.78990   0.26060   0.27030
Si18   0.70900   0.09930   0.27100
Si19   0.70660   0.85520   0.26780
Si20   0.78720   0.77280   0.26230
Si21   0.03120   0.77410   0.26640
Si22   0.19500   0.85830   0.27160
Si23   0.43660   0.09940   0.27120
Si24   0.51200   0.25570   0.26300
Si25   0.86150   0.55960   0.13010
Si26   0.72190   0.56000   0.13110
Si27   0.58210   0.42050   0.13150
Si28   0.58190   0.28030   0.13090
Si29   0.72120   0.27910   0.13110
Si30   0.86030   0.41910   0.13030
Si31   0.52800   0.89450   0.13080
Si32   0.38770   0.89370   0.13020
Si33   0.24760   0.75430   0.13050
Si34   0.24600   0.61380   0.13090
Si35   0.38650   0.61490   0.13130
Si36   0.52680   0.75430   0.13130
O1   0.18010   0.28650   0.43070
O2   0.17230   0.52530   0.41530
O3   0.16830   0.76950   0.40230
O4   0.17370   0.02950   0.41420
O5   0.25620   0.44520   0.42090
O6   0.25110   0.68550   0.40550
O7   0.25260   0.93910   0.40450
O8   0.26070   0.20360   0.42730
O9   0.33830   0.36270   0.42410
O10   0.33460   0.60460   0.41070
O11   0.33490   0.85380   0.40560
O12   0.33930   0.11230   0.41560
O13   0.41880   0.27300   0.41150
O14   0.41490   0.51930   0.40870
O15   0.41600   0.76860   0.40460
O16   0.41990   0.02280   0.40770
O17   0.49630   0.43070   0.40150
O18   0.49450   0.67940   0.39780
O19   0.50240   0.93610   0.40480
O20   0.50130   0.18470   0.40370
O21   0.57910   0.34300   0.39510
O22   0.57320   0.58890   0.38790
O23   0.58210   0.85000   0.40160
O24   0.58540   0.10160   0.40450
O25   0.66730   0.26350   0.39910
O26   0.65830   0.50190   0.38360
O27   0.66240   0.76260   0.39320
O28   0.67080   0.02130   0.40710
O29   0.74590   0.42350   0.38950
O30   0.74400   0.67350   0.38170
O31   0.75070   0.93490   0.40050
O32   0.75290   0.18400   0.40380
O33   0.83870   0.35020   0.40380
O34   0.82920   0.59080   0.38640
O35   0.83330   0.85000   0.39500
O36   0.84470   0.11160   0.41780
O37   0.92330   0.27380   0.41250
O38   0.91190   0.50860   0.38990
O39   0.90980   0.75990   0.38500
O40   0.92310   0.02610   0.41080
O41   0.00520   0.43750   0.40870
O42   0.00000   0.68070   0.39470
O43   0.00570   0.94160   0.40640
O44   0.01090   0.19860   0.42210
O45   0.09310   0.36350   0.42150
O46   0.08430   0.59980   0.40130
O47   0.08450   0.85290   0.39940
O48   0.09330   0.11600   0.42110
O49   0.22210   0.16520   0.24970
O50   0.22240   0.28470   0.24680
O51   0.10100   0.28260   0.24540
O52   0.98010   0.16310   0.24610
O53   0.98250   0.04370   0.24590
O54   0.10410   0.04380   0.24840
O55   0.33660   0.27570   0.23780
O56   0.21840   0.40120   0.24050
O57   0.97910   0.28000   0.23960
O58   0.85960   0.04020   0.24440
O59   0.97940   0.91800   0.23820
O60   0.22460   0.04440   0.24620
O61   0.45060   0.26560   0.22400
O62   0.44720   0.38600   0.22100
O63   0.45050   0.50830   0.21900
O64   0.33400   0.51300   0.22990
O65   0.21330   0.51580   0.23390
O66   0.09550   0.51870   0.22930
O67   0.97890   0.39570   0.23110
O68   0.85500   0.27220   0.23160
O69   0.73230   0.15250   0.22970
O70   0.73980   0.03960   0.23710
O71   0.73690   0.91530   0.23480
O72   0.72980   0.78710   0.22390
O73   0.85420   0.79270   0.22680
O74   0.97840   0.79330   0.22880
O75   0.09640   0.78830   0.22800
O76   0.21660   0.91630   0.23610
O77   0.33990   0.03800   0.23570
O78   0.45750   0.14960   0.22650
O79   0.56130   0.25720   0.20120
O80   0.55760   0.48430   0.19690
O81   0.43680   0.61370   0.20330
O82   0.21050   0.61850   0.20800
O83   0.96050   0.49070   0.20540
O84   0.73240   0.26180   0.20710
O85   0.60770   0.01330   0.20580
O86   0.60550   0.78110   0.20330
O87   0.73000   0.65630   0.20050
O88   0.96160   0.65750   0.20440
O89   0.21150   0.78450   0.20700
O90   0.44050   0.01300   0.20620
O91   0.84540   0.49060   0.14930
O92   0.81340   0.59700   0.16670
O93   0.67280   0.49510   0.15480
O94   0.58460   0.36850   0.16770
O95   0.67180   0.31640   0.15190
O96   0.81240   0.36690   0.16650
O97   0.55550   0.85510   0.16740
O98   0.45440   0.88390   0.15010
O99   0.32660   0.85460   0.16650
O100   0.27820   0.70820   0.14950
O101   0.32490   0.62550   0.16710
O102   0.45460   0.71070   0.15310
O103   0.82410   0.49060   0.00000
O104   0.66830   0.48810   0.00000
O105   0.51250   0.33210   0.00000
O106   0.51020   0.17760   0.00000
O107   0.66730   0.17610   0.00000
O108   0.82300   0.33140   0.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
12.3 Å	(100)
7.14 Å	(20)
6.26 Å	(50)
5.42 Å	(40)
4.68 Å	(40)
4.36 Å	(20)
4.16 Å	(100)
3.78 Å	(10)
3.61 Å	(40b)
3.36 Å	(30)
3.12 Å	(60)
2.98 Å	(10)
2.69 Å	(70)
2.55 Å	(100)
2.48 Å	(20)
2.345 Å	(50)
2.192 Å	(30)
2.117 Å	(40)
2.020 Å	(20)
1.972 Å	(20)
1.900 Å	(50)
1.828 Å	(10)
1.778 Å	(20)
1.734 Å	(10b)
1.704 Å	(40)
1.636 Å	(10)
1.591 Å	(20)
1.568 Å	(60)
1.554 Å	(40)
1.536 Å	(20)
1.521 Å	(20)
1.468 Å	(20)
1.436 Å	(30)
1.427 Å	(20b)
1.354 Å	(20)
1.336 Å	(10)
1.306 Å	(20)
1.276 Å	(10)
1.261 Å	(10)
1.210 Å	(10)
1.154 Å	(40)
1.098 Å	(20b)
1.058 Å	(30)
1.037 Å	(20)
1.024 Å	(20)
1.016 Å	(30b)
1.002 Å	(20b)

Comments:

ICDD 29-703

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
39 : High-? metamorphism (blueschist, eclogite, ultrahigh ? facies)
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)

Geological Setting:

Banded iron formations, blueschist and greenschist facies of metamorphic rocks, metamorphosed massive sulphide deposits.

Type Occurrence of StilpnomelaneHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Melchior and Tobias adits, Dolní Údolí, Zlaté Hory, Jeseník District, Olomouc Region, Czech Republic

Synonyms of StilpnomelaneHide

Chrysobiotite

Minguetite

Other Language Names for StilpnomelaneHide

Dutch:Stilpnomelaan

German:Stilpnomelan
Minguétit

Simplified Chinese:黑硬绿泥石

Spanish:Minguétita

Traditional Chinese:黑硬綠泥石

Varieties of StilpnomelaneHide

Ekmanite	Obsolete name for a Mn-rich stilpnomelane (IMA Proposal 25-B (2026)); the name was already discredited in 1954. The Mica Subcommittee (1998) regarded this as possibly Smectite.
Ferristilpnomelane
Ferrostilpnomelane	A chemical variety of stilpnomelane noted for its being rich in ferrous iron, essentially a nearer to end-member stilpnomelane.
Manganese-bearing Stilpnomelane	A Mn-bearing variety of stilpnomelane.

Relationship of Stilpnomelane to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Stilpnomelane Group

Other Members of Stilpnomelane Group:

Lennilenapeite	K₄Mn²⁺₄₈[Si₆₄Al₈]O₁₆₄(OH)₅₂ · nH₂O	Tric.
Parsettensite	(K,Na,Ca)_7.5(Mn,Mg)₄₉Si₇₂O₁₆₈(OH)₅₀ · nH₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

60 photos of Stilpnomelane associated with Quartz	SiO₂
24 photos of Stilpnomelane associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
15 photos of Stilpnomelane associated with Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
13 photos of Stilpnomelane associated with Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
12 photos of Stilpnomelane associated with Chlorite Group
11 photos of Stilpnomelane associated with Siderite	FeCO₃
10 photos of Stilpnomelane associated with Hematite	Fe₂O₃
7 photos of Stilpnomelane associated with Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
7 photos of Stilpnomelane associated with Scandiobabingtonite	(Ca,Na)₂(Fe²⁺,Mn)(Sc,Fe³⁺)Si₅O₁₄(OH)
7 photos of Stilpnomelane associated with Datolite	CaB(SiO₄)(OH)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.EG.05	Cymrite	BaAl₂Si₂(O,OH)₈ · H₂O	Mon. 2 : P2₁
9.EG.10	Naujakasite	(Na,K)₆(Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺,Ca)(Al,Fe)₄Si₈O₂₆	Mon.
9.EG.10	Manganonaujakasite	Na₆(Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺)Al₄Si₈O₂₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EG.15	Dmisteinbergite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)	Trig. 32 : P312
9.EG.20	Kampfite	Ba₁₂(Si₁₁Al₅)O₃₁(CO₃)₈Cl₅	Mon. m
9.EG.25	Vertumnite	Ca₄Al₄Si₄O₆(OH)₂₄ · 3H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.EG.25	Strätlingite	Ca₂Al₂SiO₇ · 8H₂O	Trig. 3m : R3m
9.EG.30	Eggletonite	(Na,K,Ca)_xMn₆(Si,Al)₁₀O₂₄(OH)₄ · nH₂O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)	Mon.
9.EG.30	Ganophyllite	(K,Na)_xMn²⁺₆(Si,Al)₁₀O₂₄(OH)₄ · nH₂O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)	Mon. 2/m
9.EG.30	Tamaite	(Ca,K,Na)_xMn₆(Si,Al)₁₀O₂₄(OH)₄ · nH₂O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.EG.35	Zussmanite	K(Fe,Mg,Mn)₁₃(Si,Al)₁₈O₄₂(OH)₁₄	Trig. 3 : R3
9.EG.35	Coombsite	KMn²⁺₁₃(Si,Al)₁₈O₄₂(OH)₁₄	Trig.
9.EG.40	'Chalcodite'	K(Fe³⁺,Mg,Fe²⁺)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₂₇	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EG.40	Parsettensite	(K,Na,Ca)_7.5(Mn,Mg)₄₉Si₇₂O₁₆₈(OH)₅₀ · nH₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EG.40	Lennilenapeite	K₄Mn²⁺₄₈[Si₆₄Al₈]O₁₆₄(OH)₅₂ · nH₂O	Tric.
9.EG.45	Latiumite	(Ca,K)₄(Si,Al)₅O₁₁(SO₄,CO₃)	Mon. 2 : P2₁
9.EG.45	Levantite	KCa₃Al₂(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)(PO₄)	Mon. 2 : P2₁
9.EG.45	Tuscanite	KCa₆(Si,Al)₁₀O₂₂(SO₄,CO₃)₂(OH) · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.EG.50	Jagoite	Pb₁₈Fe³⁺₄[Si₄(Si,Fe³⁺)₆][Pb₄Si₁₆(Si,Fe)₄]O₈₂Cl₆	Hex. 6m2 : P6c2
9.EG.50	Friisite	Pb₈Al₃Si₈O₂₇Cl₃	Hex. 6m2 : P62c
9.EG.55	Wickenburgite	CaPb₃Al₂Si₁₀O₂₄(OH)₆	Trig. 3m : P31c
9.EG.60	Hyttsjöite	Pb₁₈Ba₂Ca₅Mn²⁺₂Fe³⁺₂Si₃₀O₉₀Cl · 6H₂O	Trig. 3 : R3
9.EG.65	Armbrusterite	K₅Na₇Mn₁₅[(Si₉O₂₂)₄](OH)₁₀ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EG.70	Roymillerite	Pb₂₄Mg₉(Si₁₀O₂₈)(CO₃)₁₀(BO₃)(SiO₄)(OH)₁₃O₅	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EG.70	Britvinite	[Pb₇(OH)₃F(BO₃)₂(CO₃)][Mg_4.5(OH)₃(Si₅O₁₄)]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.EG.75	Kayupovaite	Na₂Mn₁₀[(Si₁₄Al₂)O₃₈(OH)₈] · 7H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EG.75	'UM1989-30-SiO:AlBaCaFeHKMgMn'	(Ba,Ca)(Mn,Fe,Mg)₂₂(Si,Al)₃₂O₇₆(OH)₁₆ · 12H₂O
9.EG.75	Bannisterite	(Ca,K,Na)(Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺)₁₀(Si,Al)₁₆O₃₈(OH)₈ · nH₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:

Element	% Content	Activity (Bq/kg)	Radiation Type
Uranium (U)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Thorium (Th)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Potassium (K)	1.8670%	579	β, γ

For comparison:

Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Mass of radioactive mineral:

Shielding material:

Activity: –

Distance	Dose rate	Risk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μ_shield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((A_U × Γ_U) + (A_Th × Γ_Th) + (A_K × Γ_K)) / r² × μ_shield

Fluorescence of StilpnomelaneHide

In UV light:

Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for StilpnomelaneHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3789.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

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References for StilpnomelaneHide

Reference List:

Glocker, Ernst Friedrich (1827) Beschreibung des Stilpnomelan, eines neuen Schlesischen Fossils [Description of Stilpnomelan, a new Silesian Fossil]. In Beyträge zur Mineralogischen Kenntniss der Sudetenländer Insbesondere Schlesiens. Erstes Heft. Josef Mar und Komp. p.68-74.

Grout, Frank F., Thiel, George A. (1924) Notes on stilpnomelane. American Mineralogist, 9 (11) 228-230

Gruner, John W. (1937) Composition and structure of stilpnomelane. American Mineralogist, 22 (8) 912-925

Hutton, C. Osborne (1938) The stilpnomelane group of minerals. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 25 (163) 172-206 doi:10.1180/minmag.1938.025.163.02

Gruner, John W. (1944) The structure of stilpnomelane reexamined. American Mineralogist, 29 (7-8) 291-298

Hutton, C. Osborne (1945) Additional optical and chemical data on the stilpnomelane group of minerals. American Mineralogist, 30 (11-12) 714-718

Shirozu, Haruo (1955) Stilpnomelane from the Skarn of Obira Mine, Oita Prefecture. Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Japan, 2 (2) 115-120 doi:10.2465/gkk1952.2.115

Hutton, C. Osborne (1956) Further data on the stilpnomelane mineral group. American Mineralogist, 41 (7-8) 608-615

BLOXAM, T. W., PRICE, N. B. (1961) Stilpnomelane in North Wales. Nature, 190 (4775). 525-526 doi:10.1038/190525a0

Eggleton, R. A. (1964) The Crystal Structure of Stilpnomelane Part I. The Subcell. Clays and Clay Minerals, 13 (1) 49-63 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1964.0130106

Blake, R. L. (1965) Iron phyllosilicates of the Cuyuna district in Minnesota. American Mineralogist, 50 (1-2) 148-169

Eggleton, R. A. and Bailey, Sturgess (1966) The Crystal Structure of Stilpnomelane, Clays and Clay Minerals, 13th National Conference.

Smith, Marie Lindberg, Frondel, Clifford (1968) The related layered minerals ganophyllite, bannisterite, and stilpnomelane. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (283) 893-913 doi:10.1180/minmag.1968.283.036.01

Chauvel, Jean-Jacques (1968) Identité de la minguétite du minerai de fer ordovicien de Bretagne et d'Anjou avec la stilpnomélane. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 91 (5) 460-467 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1968.6261

Kräutner, H. G., Medeşan, Alexandra (1969) On stilpnomelane in some Romanian Carpathian crystalline formations. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 13 (3). 203-217 doi:10.1007/bf01081560

Nitsch, K. H. (1970) Experimentelle Bestimmung der oberen Stabilitätsgrenze von Stilpnomelan. Fortschr. Mineral. 47, Beiheft 1, 48-49 (in German).

EGGLETON, R. A. (1970) Silicon Tetrahedral Sheet in Stilpnomelane. Nature, 225 (5233). 625-626 doi:10.1038/225625a0

Caron, Jean-Michel (1970) Étude d'un stilpnomélane des schistes lustrés piémontais. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 93 (1) 133-136 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1970.6441

Brown, Edwin H. (1971) Phase relations of biotite and stilpnomelane in the greenschist facies. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 31 (4) 275-299 doi:10.1007/bf00371150

Eggleton, R. A. (1972) The crystal structure of stilpnomelane. Part II. The full cell. Mineralogical Magazine, 38 (298) 693-711 doi:10.1180/minmag.1972.038.298.06

Chauvel, Jean-Jacques (1973) Les stilpnomélanes. Propriétés physiques et composition chimique. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 38 (1). 37-44 doi:10.1007/bf00371725

Klein, Cornelis (1974) Greenalite, stilpnomelane, minnesotaite, crocidolite and carbonates in a very low-grade metamorphic Precambrian iron formation. The Canadian Mineralogist, 12 (7). 475-498

Triboulet, Claude (1975) Occurrence of stilpnomelane in the Na2O˗MgO˗Al2O3-SiO2-H2O experimental system. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 98 (2) 136-141 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1975.6974(on a synthetic Na analogue of stilpnomelane)

Graham, Colin M. (1976) A note on some Dalradian stilpnomelanes and their oxidation. Mineralogical Magazine, 40 (313) 467-472 doi:10.1180/minmag.1976.040.313.05

Crawford, E. S., Jefferson, D. A., Thomas, J. M. (1977) Electron-microscope and diffraction studies of polytypism in stilpnomelane. Acta Crystallographica Section A, 33 (4) 548-553 doi:10.1107/s0567739477001417

Eggleton, R. A., Chappell, B. W. (1978) The crystal structure of stilpnomelane. Part III: Chemistry and physical properties. Mineralogical Magazine, 42 (323) 361-368 doi:10.1180/minmag.1978.042.323.06

Miyano, T. (1982) Stilpnomelane, iron–rich mica, K–feldspar and hornblende in banded iron–formation assemblages of the Dales Gorge Member, Hamersley Group, Western Australia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 20 (2) 189-202

Feininger, Tomas (1984) Stilpnomelane in metasomatic rocks associated with steatite and in regional schists, Quebec Appalachian. The Canadian Mineralogist, 22 (3). 423-435

Baker, J. H. (1985) Greenalite, Mg-rich minnesotaite and stilpnomelane from the Ösjöberg and Sirsjöberg iron-ore mines, Hjulsjö, W. Bergslagen, Sweden. Mineralogical Magazine, 49 (353) 611-613 doi:10.1180/minmag.1985.049.353.18

Guggenheim, Stephen, Eggleton, R. A. (1994) A comparison of the structures and geometric stabilities of stilpnomelane and parsettensite: A distance least-squares (DLS) study. American Mineralogist, 79 (5-6) 438-442

(2001) Stilpnomelane. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for StilpnomelaneHide

Showing 608 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Australia
New South Wales Buccleuch Co. Talbingo ⓘ Black Perry Mountain	Gole (1981)
Canbelego Co. Girilambone ⓘ Avoca Tank	Simpson et al. (2024)
Mouramba Co. Nymagee ⓘ Nymagee Copper Mine	Fitzherbert et al. (2017)
Robinson Co. Cobar ⓘ Dapville mine (Great Cobar Extended)	Gilligan et al. (1995)
ⓘ Endeavor Mine (Elura Mine)	Loidl (2012)
ⓘ New Cobar Mine (Cobar gold mine; Jubilee)	Gilligan et al. (1995)
Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district ⓘ Broken Hill	Worner et al. (1982)
ⓘ Consols Mine (ABH Consols Mine; Australian Broken Hill Consols Mine)	Lawrence et al. (1999) +1 other reference
Northern Territory Barkly Region Tennant Creek ⓘ West Peko Au-Cu prospect	Skirrow (1993)
Queensland City of Mount Isa Hilton district ⓘ Handlebar Hill Open Cut	Knights
ⓘ Skal Mine (Skal uranium deposit)	Fan et al. (2014)
ⓘ Cloncurry Shire
Tasmania Circular Head municipality Balfour-Temma district ⓘ Roaring 32S	Bottrill
Temma ⓘ Nelson Bay River mine	R. Bottrill
ⓘ Strickland mine	Bottrill (2004)
West Coast municipality Mt Lindsay mineral field ⓘ Mt Lindsay mine (Parsons Hood)	Bottrill et al. (2008)
Victoria City of Greater Bendigo ⓘ Heathcote	Geol. Soc. of Australia Abstr. 53:248-249 (Feb, 1999)
Northern Grampians Shire Stawell ⓘ Magdala gold deposit (Magdalena mine)	Mapani et al. (1994) +1 other reference
Western Australia Ashburton Shire Paraburdoo ⓘ Boolgeeda Iron Formation
Paraburdoo Iron ore mine ⓘ Paraburdoo 4	Thorne (2014)
Tom Price ⓘ Mount Tom Price Mine	Rio Tinto Group
ⓘ Wittenoom	Miyano et al. (1983)
ⓘ Dales Gorge	Miyano et al. (1982)
Wittenoom Gorge ⓘ Wittenoom Gorge Mine	Grubb (1971) +1 other reference
City of Karratha Roebourne ⓘ Sherlock Bay deposit	Marston (1984)
Cue Shire Madoonga Station ⓘ Weld Range	Gole (1982)
Derby-West Kimberley Shire Napier Downs Station ⓘ Kimberley Jade Quarry	Fetherston (2010)
East Pilbara Shire Newman ⓘ Copper Knob	Ferguson (1999)
ⓘ Eastern Ridge mine	Angerer et al. (2022)
ⓘ Noreena Downs Station	Fetherston et al. (2013)
Weeli Wolli Creek Area ⓘ Hope Downs Mine	Lascelles (2006)
Halls Creek Shire Koongie Park Station ⓘ Sandiego prospect (Gordon Downs 2)	Orth (2002)
Mount Magnet Shire Mount Magnet Boogardie Goldfield ⓘ Hill 50 Gold Mine	Gole (1981)
Sandstone Shire ⓘ Yuinmery volcanogenic massive sulfide project	Hassan (2014)
Wiluna Shire ⓘ Shoemaker Crater (Teague Ring)	Pirajno et al. (2002)
Yalgoo Shire Retaliation Goldfield Mount Gibson Conservation Reserve ⓘ Mount Gibson Iron Ore Mine (Extension Hill D50)	Lascelles (2006)
Yilgarn Shire Marvel Loch ⓘ Nevoria Gold Mine	Meinert +1 other reference

Austria
Carinthia Sankt Veit an der Glan District Frauenstein Kraig ⓘ Zwein	Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Völkermarkt District ⓘ Griffen	Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Lower Austria Neunkirchen District Reichenau an der Rax Großau ⓘ Schendleck (Schendlegg)	Hackenberg (2003)
Salzburg Tamsweg District Tweng Fuchs Alp - Fuchs lake area ⓘ Lackenspitze	Meixner (1978) +1 other reference
Zederhaus ⓘ König Alp	Strasser (1989)
Zell am See District Leogang Hütten ⓘ Schwarzleograben	Strasser (1989)
Mittersill ⓘ Rettenbach (Rettenbachgraben)	Kolitsch (2026) +1 other reference
Taxenbach ⓘ Oberhaus Alp	- (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ Winkler Alp	Strasser (1989)
Zell am See Thumersbach ⓘ Gries	Strasser (1989)
ⓘ Michelgraben	Strasser (1989)
Tyrol Innsbruck-Land District Navis ⓘ Naviser Reckner	Exel (1993)
Lienz District Prägraten am Großvenediger ⓘ Gösleswand (Goslerwand)	Exel (1993)

Bolivia
Cochabamba Chapare Province Alto Chapare mining district Cristalmayu subdistrict Chocolatal (Rocko Rancho) Minasmayu valley ⓘ Carolina mine	GEOBOL-PNUD

Brazil
Amapá Pedra Branca do Amapari ⓘ Tucano mine	Soares et al. (2025)
Mato Grosso do Sul Corumbá Papagaios deposit ⓘ Carrapicho Sul prospect	Ribeiro et al. (2026)
ⓘ Córrego do Ouro prospect	Ribeiro et al. (2026)
Minas Gerais Nova Lima ⓘ Morro Velho mine	Lobato et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Sabará ⓘ Cuiabá mine	Ferraz da Costa et al. (2022)
Santa Bárbara ⓘ Pilar mine	Silva et al. (2022)
ⓘ São Bento mine	Lobato et al. (2001)
Pará Canaã dos Carajás ⓘ Alvo 118 Cu-Au deposit	Grainger et al. (2008)
Curionópolis ⓘ Serra Verde Mine	NetunoVillas et al. (2001)
Marabá ⓘ Salobo Mine	Vale SA
Parauapebas Alemão Cu deposit ⓘ Igarapé Bahia mine	Tazava (1999) +2 other references
ⓘ Gameleira Cu-Au deposit	Grainger et al. (2008)
São Félix do Xingu ⓘ AQW2 deposit	Stama et al. (2026)
ⓘ Hades deposit	Carneiro et al. (2026)
ⓘ Hades Nordeste deposit	Carneiro et al. (2026)
Santa Catarina ⓘ Corupá pluton	Vlach (2012)

Canada
British Columbia Atlin Mining Division ⓘ Windy Craggy deposit	the world's largest besshi-type ... +3 other references
Omineca Mining Division Granisle ⓘ Morrison Cu-Au deposit	Econ Geol (1994)
Pinchi Lake ⓘ Blueschist occurrence	Ghent et al. (1990)
Manitoba ⓘ Flin Flon District	Schetselaar et al. (2017)
ⓘ Flin Flon Mine (South Main Mine)	Syme et al. (1993)
Phantom Lake ⓘ Rio deposit	Ansdell et al. (1992) +1 other reference
New Brunswick Carleton Co. Wakefield Parish ⓘ Woodstock Iron-Manganese mine	Heinrich (1962)
Gloucester Co. Bathurst Parish ⓘ Bathurst Mining Camp	Peter et al. (1996)
ⓘ Austin Brook deposit	Peter et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Restigouche Co. Colborne Parish Bathurst Mining Camp ⓘ Caribou mine	Wright et al. (2016) +2 other references
Newfoundland and Labrador Labrador ⓘ Howell Lake	C. Klein +2 other references
Newfoundland Baie Verte Peninsula Betts Cove ⓘ Nugget Pond Mine	Swinden et al. (1990)
Northwest Territories South Slave Region MacInnis Lake ⓘ Cole occurrence	Landry et al. (2022)
ⓘ Kult-82 occurrence	Landry et al. (2022)
Nova Scotia Cumberland Co. Parrsboro ⓘ Partridge Island	Hoffmann (1896)
Nunavut Kitikmeot Region ⓘ Lupin Mine	Mueller (1997)
Kivalliq Region Baker Lake ⓘ Meadowbank Gold Mine	Agnico Eagle Mines Limited
Ontario Cochrane District Timmins Eldorado Township ⓘ Redstone Mine	Econ Geol (1984)
Kidd Township ⓘ Kidd Mine	Kidd Operations
Shaw Township ⓘ Carshaw mine (Carshaw Porcupine; Shaw Porcupine)	Econ Geol. (1995)
Greater Sudbury Levack Township ⓘ Coleman Mine	Vale SA
Scadding Township ⓘ Scadding Gold Mine	Canadian Mineralogist 45
Hastings County Madoc Township ⓘ Wallbridge Iron Mine	MDI31C12SE00016
Kenora District Skinner Lake Area ⓘ Musselwhite Mine	Mueller (1997)
Nipissing District Strathy Township ⓘ Sherman Mine	Bennett G. (1978)
Thunder Bay District MacGregor Township ⓘ McNamara quarry	Sabina (1991)
Timiskaming District Cobalt-Gowganda region ⓘ Cobalt area	159-161. +2 other references
Gowganda area Milner Township ⓘ Mann Mine (Manridge)	Can Mineral December 1971 v. 11 no. 1 ...
Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue Rouyn-Noranda TE ⓘ Ansil Mine	Galley et al. (1995) +1 other reference
ⓘ Eldrich (Pierre Beauchemin) Mine	Sabina (2003) +1 other reference
ⓘ West Ansil Mine	Boucher (2011)
Chaudière-Appalaches Les Appalaches RCM Saint-Pierre-de-Broughton (West Broughton) ⓘ Broughton talc mine (Luzcan mine; Carrière rang XV)	Feininger (1984)
Côte-Nord Caniapiscau RCM Schefferville ⓘ Ardua Lake	Carl M. Lesher (1978)
ⓘ Lac Knob	Klein et al. (1976)
Estrie Le Val-Saint-François RCM Canton de Melbourne ⓘ Autoroute 55 roadcuts	MinRec 20 (3)
Les Sources RCM Val-des-Sources ⓘ Jeffrey Mine	Horváth et al. (2013)
Montérégie La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM Mont Saint-Hilaire ⓘ Poudrette quarry (De-Mix quarry; Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire; MSH)	Lykova et al. (2026)
Nord-du-Québec ⓘ Chibougamau mining district	McMillan (1973)
Jamésie Baie-James ⓘ Robitaille Mine	SIGEOM systeme d'information geominiere ...
ⓘ Brosman prospect	Cote-Mantha et al. (2012)
Chapais ⓘ Opemiska mines (Opemiska Copper Complex)	Power Ore Inc.
Matagami ⓘ Mattagami Lake mine	Canadian Mineralogist 31 +3 other references
Nunavik Ungava Peninsula ⓘ Soucy deposit	SIGEOM systeme d'information geominiere ...

Chile
Araucanía Cautín Province ⓘ Punta Nihue	Massonne et al. (1998)

China
Anhui Anqing Huaining County Yueshan ore field ⓘ Longmenshan Mine	Xikun Chen (1987)
Chuzhou Mingguang City ⓘ Zhangbaling	Jinhai Yu et al. (2001)
Guangxi Chongzuo Daxin Co. ⓘ Xialei Mine (Daxin Mine)	Zeng et al. (1999)
Hong Kong New Territories Sha Tin District Ma On Mountain (Ma On Shan) ⓘ Ma On Shan Mine	McQueen et al. (1995)
Inner Mongolia Tongliao City (Tongliao Prefecture) Jarud Banner (Zalute Co.) ⓘ Baerzhe complex	Qiu et al. (2019)
Intrusion No. 801 ⓘ West ore body	Qiu et al. (2019)
Xilingol League (Xilinguole Prefecture) Erenhot City (Erlianhaote Co.) ⓘ Wenduermiao Fe deposit	Chuanshi Xu and Jianzhen Zhang (1987)
ⓘ Harhada Mine	Feng et al. (1986)
Jiamusi Block ⓘ Heilongjiang Complex	Sun et al. (2025)
Jiangsu Huai'an Xuyi Co. ⓘ Guanzhen	Jinhai Yu et al. (2001)
Lianyungang Guanyun Co. ⓘ Yangji	Jinhai Yu et al. (2001)
Liaoning Benxi Nanfen District ⓘ Dataigou BIF	Wang et al. (2024)
Shanxi Lüliang Fangshan County ⓘ Sitou Fe deposit	wrgis.wr.usgs.gov (2004)
Lan County ⓘ Yuanjiacun Fe deposit	Jinchu Zhu and Fusheng Zhang (1987)
Xinzhou Wuzhai Co. ⓘ Yantoucun Fe deposit (Yent'outs'un Fe deposit)	Iwao (1969)
Xinjiang Akesu Prefecture Aksu Co. ⓘ Blueschist outcrops	Lifei Zhang et al. (1999)
Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Tekesi Co. (Tekes Co.) Kekesu river valley ⓘ Blueschist outcrops	Jun Gao et al. (1995)

Cuba
Cienfuegos Province ⓘ Arimao-Norte Skarn	Litsarev et al. (1998)

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Prague-East District Říčany ⓘ Metagreywacke outcrop	Sidorinová T.
Karlovy Vary Region Sokolov District Kraslice ⓘ Tisová	Beran (Ag, Au, Co) +2 other references
Moravian-Silesian Region Bruntál District Horní Benešov ⓘ Horní Benešov mines	Fojt B. (2013) +1 other reference
ⓘ Leskovec nad Moravicí	Kruťa (1949)
Olomouc Region Jeseník District Javorník Zálesí ⓘ Zálesí uranium deposit	Sejkora (1994)
ⓘ Zlaté Hory	Kuttna +1 other reference
Dolní Údolí ⓘ Melchior and Tobias adits (TL)
Olomouc District Moravský Beroun ⓘ Anna mine	Glocker (1855)
Čabová ⓘ Kieselberg iron mine	Glocker (1855)
Šumperk District Loučná nad Desnou ⓘ Zámčisko quarry	Minerální a horninová asociace z ... +2 other references
Pardubice Region Pardubice District ⓘ Chvaletice	Prachař +6 other references

Czech Republic/Poland
ⓘ Pomezní Ridge (Grzbiet Lasocki)	Lis et al. (1986)

Finland
Lapland Kittilä ⓘ Porkonen-Pahtavaara	Paakkola
Savukoski Tulppio ⓘ Sokli carbonatite complex	Vartiainen (1980)
North Ostrobothnia Ii ⓘ Aaltokangas	Mutanen +1 other reference

France
Brittany Morbihan Lorient ⓘ Groix	Chauris (2014)
Primiture ⓘ Locqueltas-Kermarec	Audren et al. (1993)
ⓘ Port Mélite	Audren et al. (1993)
ⓘ Spernec Point	Chauris (2014)
New Caledonia Northern Province ⓘ Diahot River Valley	Briggs (1975)
ⓘ Murat Mine	Briggs (1975)
Ouégoa ⓘ Balade Mine	Briggs (1975)
Occitanie Ariège Saint-Girons Seix Salau ⓘ Anglade Mine	C. Derré
Hautes-Pyrénées ⓘ Aure Valley	De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002)
Nabias ⓘ Plan de Labasse	Brugger et al. (1999)
Bagnères-de-Bigorre Vielle-Aure ⓘ Coustou Mine	Ragu (1994) +1 other reference
Pyrénées-Orientales Céret Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste ⓘ Costabonne mines (Costabona mines)	Dubru. M (1986)
Prades Sahorre ⓘ Barballaiche	Guitard (2010)
Pays de la Loire Loire-Atlantique Châteaubriant-Ancenis Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux ⓘ Bois-de-la-Roche quarry	De Ascenção Guedes (2005)
Maine-et-Loire Segré Segré-en-Anjou Bleu Segré quarry Nyoiseau ⓘ Bois II mine	Grelaud et al. (2001)
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Hautes-Alpes Briançon Molines-en-Queyras ⓘ Rif du Bois Ousselat	M.S. self collected in 2014
Montgenèvre ⓘ Chenaillet slopes	Pusztaszeri (1969)
Saint-Véran ⓘ Les Clausis mine	Self collected by S. MAURY
Gap Saint-Michel-de-Chaillol ⓘ Riou de Buissard ravine	Maury (2020) +1 other reference

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Waldshut Bernau im Schwarzwald Riggenbach ⓘ Schafbergeck	Walenta (1992)
Bavaria Upper Franconia Hof District Lichtenberg ⓘ Alt & Neu Bescheert Glück Mines	90. +1 other reference
ⓘ Buttermühle	Flügel (1988) +1 other reference
Schwarzenbach an der Saale ⓘ Talcum works (Scheruhn quarry)	Rost et al. (1969)
ⓘ Troesch quarry	Rost et al. (1969)
Upper Palatinate Neustadt an der Waldnaab District Waidhaus Hagendorf ⓘ Hagendorf South Pegmatite	web.archive.org (2001)
Hesse Darmstadt Main-Kinzig-Kreis Biebergemünd Bieber ⓘ "Im Lochborn" Copper mine	Weiß (1990)
Giessen Region Limburg-Weilburg Weilburg ⓘ Friedrich Mine	Dana 6:659.
Lower Saxony Goslar District Harz (Landkreis Goslar) ⓘ Diabasweg Quarry (Teerbau Quarry on Kehrzug)	Weiß (1990)
Rhineland-Palatinate Rhein-Lahn-Kreis Aar-Einrich Biebrich ⓘ Neumühlberg quarry (Steinsberg quarry)	Weiß (1990)
Saxony Bautzen District Sohland an der Spree ⓘ Sulphide deposit (Sohlander Bergsegen)	Sandmann et al. (2015)
Erzgebirgskreis Breitenbrunn Breitenbrunn ⓘ St Christoph Mine	Witzke (2021)
ⓘ Schneeberg	Lapis 30 (7/8)
Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge Neustadt in Sachsen ⓘ Grenzland I quarry	Sandmann et al. (2015)

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki ⓘ Lavrion Mining District	Baziotis et al. (2009)
Central Macedonia Pella ⓘ Edessa	Michailidis (1990) +2 other references
South Aegean Milos Milos Island ⓘ Fyriplaka mine	Hoffman et al. (1979)

Greenland
Kujalleq ⓘ Majut area	Petersen et al. (1991)
Sermersooq ⓘ Miki Fjord	DK Bird et al. (1985)

Guinea
Conakry Region Los Archipelago (Los Islands) ⓘ Kassa Island	Lacroix (1931)

India
Karnataka Chikkamagaluru District ⓘ Bababudan BIF belt	Econ Geol. (1995)
Tumkur District Chitradurga belt ⓘ Ajjanahalli mine	Sakthi Saravanan et al. (2009)

Indonesia
Bangka-Belitung Province Belitung Island (Biliton Island) East Belitung Regency ⓘ Kelapa-Kampit Mine (Klappa Kompit; Klappa-Kampit; Nam Salu)	Schwartz (1990)

Ireland
Connacht Galway County Killimor ⓘ Tynagh Mine	Schultz (1966) +1 other reference

Italy
Aosta Valley Avise ⓘ Mont Orfeuille (north ridge)	Dal Piaz et al. (1968)
La Salle ⓘ Châtelard Castle	Dal Piaz et al. (1968) +1 other reference
La Thuile ⓘ Parc Mountain	Debenedetti (1961) +1 other reference
Morgex ⓘ Kiriaz (Chirriaz)	Dal Piaz et al. (1968)
ⓘ Montet	Dal Piaz et al. (1968)
Basilicata Potenza Province ⓘ Mount Nandiniello area ophiolite outcrops	Laurita et al. (2019) +1 other reference
Emilia-Romagna Metropolitan City of Bologna Vergato Riola Monte Cavalloro ⓘ Fosso Bandita (Rio Bandita)	Gazzi (1961) +1 other reference
Parma Province Berceto Corchia mine ⓘ Speranza Stope	Adorni F. (1997)
Liguria Genoa Ne Reppia ⓘ Gambatesa Mine	Castellaro-Kampf
Piedmont Cuneo Province Bellino ⓘ Sant'Anna di Bellino	R. Lefèvre and A. Michard
Metropolitan City of Turin Brosso ⓘ Le Colme	Andreoli et al. (1978)
Cesana Torinese ⓘ Roccia Rossa	Martin et al. (1984) +3 other references
Garzigliana ⓘ Monte Bruno (Madonna di Monte Bruno; Montebruno)	Gioda et al. (1978)
Lanzo Valleys ⓘ Tesso Valley	Eur. J. Mineral.
Malone Valley ⓘ Monte Croass paraschist outcrops	Eur. J. Mineral (1989)
ⓘ Monte Soglio-Rocca Canavese micaschist outcrops	Pognante (1989)
Pragelato ⓘ Troncea Valley	Piccoli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Beth Mine (Beth-Ghinivert deposit)	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Prali ⓘ Miniere Valley	Piccoli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Viafiorcia Mine	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Rocca Canavese ⓘ "Gneiss Minuti" outcrops	Eur. J. Mineral.
ⓘ Paraschist outcrops	Eur. J. Mineral (1989)
ⓘ Thrust-sheet outcrops	Eur. J. Mineral.
ⓘ Salbertrand	Piccoli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Grange d'Himbert	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Sestriere Banchetta Mountain ⓘ Clot della Mutta	Caron (1970) +2 other references
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Baveno Oltrefiume Mount Camoscio ⓘ Locatelli quarry	Grill (1935)
ⓘ Seula mine	Guastoni et al. (2004)
Montescheno ⓘ I Mondei (Ca' Mondei)	Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (1)
Sardinia Sassari Province La Maddalena La Maddalena Island ⓘ Cala Francese Quarries	Billows (1941)
Tuscany Livorno Province Rio Rio Marina ⓘ Tignitoio Mine	G. Gottardi
Metropolitan City of Florence Firenzuola Futa Pass - Raticosa Pass area Monte Beni ⓘ Fantoni Quarry ?	Michele Dondi Collection

Jamaica
Portland Parish ⓘ Blue Mountains	Draper (1986)

Japan
Ehime Prefecture Saijo City ⓘ Motoyasu mine	Yui (1962)
Shikokuchuo City ⓘ Sazare mine	Petrov (n.d.) +1 other reference
Iwate Prefecture Kamaishi City ⓘ Kamaishi mine	- (n.d.)
Shimohei District Yamada-machi ⓘ Otaniyama mine	- (n.d.)
Kochi Prefecture Agawa District Ino ⓘ Kamoyama mine	Nishio-Hamane et al. (2016)
Kami City ⓘ Matsuo mine	[var: Ekmanite] Nakagawa et al. (2009)
Nankoku city Ananai mine ⓘ Fukinaro deposit	[var: Ekmanite] Nakagawa et al. (2009)
ⓘ Nagakawara deposit	[var: Ekmanite] Nakagawa et al. (2009)
Kyoto Prefecture Kyoto City Sakyou-ku ⓘ Daimonjiyama (Nyoigatake) ?	Alfredo Petrov field collected specimens (visual ID) +1 other reference
Oita Prefecture Bungo-Ono City ⓘ Obira Mine	Masutomi Museum specimens
Okayama Prefecture Niimi City ⓘ Mt Ohsa (Ohsayama; Osayama)	Toshio Nozaka and Tsugio Shibata (1994) +1 other reference
Takahashi City Bitchū Shitouyouze ⓘ Sampo mine	Matsueda (1981)
Okinawa Prefecture Ishigaki City ⓘ Ishigaki Island	Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus. +1 other reference
Saitama Prefecture Chichibu District ⓘ Nagatoro	Professor Takashi Kitagawa (1949-2009)
Wakayama Prefecture Iwade city Afuzu-mura ⓘ Iimori mine	Yamada (2004)
Yamaguchi Prefecture Iwakuni City ⓘ Fujigatani mine	Shimazaki (1977) +2 other references
ⓘ Kiwada mine	Ohe Rikosya specimens.
ⓘ Nishiki-cho	Nishimura (1971)

Kazakhstan
Jambyl Region Moiynkum District ⓘ Kara-Oba W deposit	Jermolenko (2002)

Malaysia
Pahang Lipis District Bukit Selinsing Koyan ⓘ Selinsing Gold Mine	Syed Hasan et al. (2018)

Mexico
Zacatecas ⓘ Fresnillo Municipality	Megaw (2023)
Zacatecas Municipality Francisco I. Madero ⓘ Francisco I. Madero Mine	Canet et al. (2009) +1 other reference

Mongolia
Khovd Province Myangad District ⓘ Khaldzan Buragtag massif	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Mount Ulyn Khuren ⓘ Tat'yana pegmatite	Kartashov P.M. et al. (Mongolian Altai)
ⓘ Tsakhirin Khuduk Y-Zr-Nb deposit	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) +2 other references

Myanmar
Kachin State Mohnyin District Hpakant Township (Hpakan; Phakant; Phakan) ⓘ Hpakant-Tawmaw Jade Tract	Shi et al. (2011) +1 other reference

New Zealand
Canterbury Region ⓘ Boanerges Peak	Palmer et al. (2022)
Timaru District Timaru ⓘ Pareora Gorge	[var: Ferrostilpnomelane] Pringle et al. (1980)
Marlborough Region Wakamarina Goldfield (Canvastown) ⓘ Alford's Mine (Mountain Camp)	Skinner et al. (1999)
ⓘ Golden Bar Mine	Skinner et al. (1999)
Otago Region Central Otago District Cromwell ⓘ Bannockburn	Ashley et al. (1995)
Queenstown-Lakes District Queenstown ⓘ Moke Creek prospect	Henley (1975) +1 other reference
West Coast Region Westland District Westland Tai Poutini National Park ⓘ Franz Josef-Fox glacier	Grapes et al. (1992)

North Korea
North Hamgyong Province Puryong County Yonchon-myon (Yoncheon-myeon) ⓘ Sinhung Mine (Simhung Mine)	Sudo (1944)

North Macedonia
Kavadarci Municipality Ržanovo ⓘ Ržanovo Mine	Cunico Resources

Norway
Agder Evje og Hornnes Landsverk ⓘ Landsverk 1 Feldspar Quarry (Jokeli)	Revheim (2006) +1 other reference
Akershus Lunner ⓘ Gjerdingselva	Raade (2005)
Grua mining district ⓘ Skjerpemyr Mine	Folvik (2005)
Øståsen ⓘ Midtmoen ?	Kvamsdal (1993)
Nittedal ⓘ Bjønndalen Quarry	Berg (1990)
ⓘ Gjelleråsen	Self collected by P. Andresen.
ⓘ Ringnes brewery	Berg
Buskerud Drammen Konnerud Damåsen prospects ⓘ Damås mine	Peter Andresen collection
Mjøndalen ⓘ Ryggkollen	Nordrum (2000)
Kongsberg ⓘ Lake Mykle	Bonin et al. (2003)
ⓘ Kongsberg silver mining district	Johnsen (1986)
Nesbyen ⓘ Gardnos impact structure	Jarmołowicz-Szulc et al. (2015)
Innlandet Sel Sjoa ⓘ Bragelia	Selbekk et al. (1996)
Trysil ⓘ Roadcut Fv 26 Engeren	Heim et al. (1996)
Møre og Romsdal Fjord Norddal Tafjord ⓘ Heggur tunnel (Fjøra-Tafjord tunnel)	Brastad (1984)
Nordland Hemnes Bleikvasslia ⓘ Bleikvassli Mine	Cook (1993)
Oslo ⓘ Grorud	Eldjarn et al. (1982)
Bånkall ⓘ Kristiansen Quarry (Bånkall Quarry)	Kvamsdal (1998)
Oslomarka Maridalen ⓘ Sandermosen	Kvamsdal (2024)
ⓘ Oslo Volcanic Province	Raade (1972)
Svalbard Prins Karls Forland Selvågen ⓘ Chloritoid Occurrences	Manby (1983)
Telemark Drangedal Tørdal ⓘ Heftetjern pegmatite	Raade et al. (2000) +1 other reference
Kragerø Valberg ⓘ Valberg Quarry	Nordrum (2000)
Porsgrunn Bjørkedalen ⓘ Kjølsrød
Slevolden ⓘ E18 roadcuts ?	Burvald (1993)
Skien Fossum Iron Mines ⓘ Breigangen Mine	Larsen et al. (2002)
Troms og Finnmark Alta Stjernøya Island Lillebukt Alkaline Complex ⓘ Lillebukt Nepheline Mine	Salter et al. (1974)
Trøndelag Leka ⓘ Hortavær Complex	Gustavson
Oppdal ⓘ Northwest of Snøhetta Mountain	Witsø (1995)
Orkland Meldal ⓘ Dragset Mine (Dragset copper-zinc deposit)	McQueen (1990)
Vestfold Færder Færder Islands ⓘ Hoftøya	Andersen (2017)
Lindholmen ⓘ Lindholmen South ?	Frode Andersen & Svein Arne Berge ...
Larvik Commune Hedrum ⓘ Fjære	Berge (n.d.)
Lågendalen ⓘ Bratthagen 1	Larsen et al. (1992)
ⓘ Hedrum Quarry	Larsen et al. (2010)
Tvedalen ⓘ Johs Nilsens Quarry	Larsen (2015)
Sandefjord Fokserød ⓘ Hotvedt Quarry	Larsen et al. (2010)
ⓘ Nordre Marum Quarry	Larsen et al. (2010)
Stokke ⓘ Stokke Quarry	Larsen et al. (2010)
Vesterøya ⓘ Buer	Berge et al. (2011)
ⓘ Husebyåsen prospect ?	Berge (2013)
Vindal ⓘ Vindalsvingen	Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM- ...
Vestland Stord ⓘ Stordø Pyrite Mines	Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ...

Papua New Guinea
Oro Province ⓘ Iora Creek	Worthing (1987)
ⓘ Madi creek	Worthing (1987)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Jawor County Gmina Męcinka Chełmiec ⓘ Chełmiec-Pomocne road	Lis et al. (1986)
Sichów ⓘ Pillow lavas quarry	Baranowski et al. (Góry Kaczawskie)
Gmina Paszowice ⓘ Paszowice quarry	SZEŁĘG E. (2004)
Kamienna Góra County Gmina Kamienna Góra ⓘ Leszczyniec ?	Lis et al. (1986)
Gmina Lubawka Niedamirów ⓘ Mount Kopina	[var: Ferrostilpnomelane] Młynarska et al. (2022) +2 other references
ⓘ Strzegom-Sobótka Massif
Świdnica County Gmina Strzegom ⓘ Żółkiewka
ⓘ Andrzej I quarry	[var: Ferristilpnomelane, var: Ferrostilpnomelane] Lis et al. (1986)
Świebodzice ⓘ Pełcznica ?	Kulczyński M. & Burliga S. 2003: EPIMETAMORPHIC COMPLEX FROM PEŁCZNICA (NE PART OF ŚWIEBODZICE DEPRESSION)
Zgorzelec County Gmina Zgorzelec ⓘ Jędrzychowice succession	Wajsprych et al. (2003)

Portugal
Beja Aljustrel Aljustrel e Rio de Moinhos Aljustrel Mine ⓘ Feitais deposit	Barriga et al. (1988)

Romania
Hunedoara County ⓘ Ghelari	D. Radulescu & R. Dimitrescu (1966)
Suceava County Cârlibaba Cârlibaba ⓘ Dadu Mn deposit	Hârtopanu et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Ciocănești Ciocănești ⓘ Oița Mn deposit	Munteanu (1993) +1 other reference

Russia
Bashkortostan ⓘ Maksyutov Complex	Leech et al. (2000)
Irkutsk Oblast ⓘ Kitoi river	Savel’eva et al. (2008)
Jewish Autonomous Oblast ⓘ Kaylan Fe-Mn deposit	Berdnikov et al. (2023)
ⓘ Kostenga Fe-Mn deposit	Berdnikov et al. (2023)
ⓘ Poperechny Fe-Mn deposit	Berdnikov et al. (2023)
Kabardino-Balkaria Elbrussky District Tyrnyauz Urban Settlement ⓘ Tyrnyauz Mo-W deposit	Bindi et al. (2003)
ⓘ Anomaly No. 3	Jambor et al. (1997)
ⓘ Slepaya Zalezh ore body	Gramenitskiy et al. (2019)
Kemerovo Oblast ⓘ Usa Mn deposit	Kuleshov et al. (2002)
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Berezovo district Saranpaul ⓘ Puiva Mount	Burlakov (1999)
Komi Republic Kozhim River Basin Maldynyrd range (Maldy-nyrd range) Grubependity Lake ⓘ Grubependity Lake cirque	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Krasnoyarsk Krai ⓘ Gorevskoe	Kovalev et al. (2023)
Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula ⓘ Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region	- (2014)
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Khibiny Massif	...
ⓘ Lovozero Massif	...
Nenets Autonomous Okrug Yugorskii Peninsula Pai-Khoi Range (Paikhoi; Pay Khoy) ⓘ Nadeiyakha occurrence	Brusnitsyn et al. (2019)
ⓘ Silovayakhinskoye occurrence	Старикова (2011)
Primorsky Krai Dalnegorsk Urban District Dalnegorsk ⓘ Nikolaevskiy Mine	Grant et al. (2001) +1 other reference
ⓘ South Primor'ye deposit	Kazachenko et al. (1979)
Republic of Karelia Pryazhinsky District ⓘ Novye Peski deposit	Ivashchenko et al. (2018, June)
Tyumen Oblast ⓘ Sob	Brusnitsyn et al. (2017)
Ural Mountains ⓘ Polar Urals	Hyršl (1992)

Saudi Arabia
Tabuk Region ⓘ Jabal Dabbagh Granite Pluton	Harris et al. (1980) +1 other reference

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Rimavská Sobota District ⓘ Hnúšťa	Koděra et al. (1986)
Košice Region Gelnica District Gelnica ⓘ Trohanka (Trochánka)	republika +1 other reference
Smolník ⓘ Hekerová manganese deposit	Myšľan et al. (2025)
Košice-okolie District Vyšný Medzev ⓘ Hummel vein	Koděra et al. (1986)
Rožňava District Čučma ⓘ Čierna baňa	Radvanec M. and Gonda S. (2020) +1 other reference
Rožňava ⓘ Rožňava Mine	Koděra et al. (1986)
Spišská Nová Ves District ⓘ Rudňany	Ďuda et al. (1996)
Trenčín Region Považská Bystrica District Stupné ⓘ Stupné quarry	Uher et al. (2015)
Trenčín District Veľká Hradná ⓘ Železník deposit	Ozdín D. & Rojkovič I.

South Africa
Gauteng City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality ⓘ Vergenoeg Mine	Cairncross et al. (2008)
Limpopo Sekhukhune District Municipality Ephraim Mogale Local Municipality Marble Hall ⓘ Stavoren-Mute Fides	Cairncross et al. (1995)
North West Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality Ratlou Local Municipality ⓘ Kalahari Goldridge Mine (Kalgold Mine)	Harmony Gold
Northern Cape John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Joe Morolong Local Municipality ⓘ Middelplaats Mine	Fitton (2022) +1 other reference
ⓘ Kalahari manganese field	Cairncross et al. (1995)

South Korea
North Chungcheong Province Goesan County Yonpung-myon ⓘ Kalgum-ni (Ibsong-ni)	Kinosaki (1941)

Sweden
Örebro County Hällefors Grythyttan ⓘ Brunnsjögruvan	[var: Ekmanite]
Hjulsjö ⓘ Sirsjöberg Mine	Baker (1985)
Värmland County Filipstad Nordmark mining district Björnberg ore field ⓘ Pen Mine	Dana 6: 659.
ⓘ Persberg	[var: Ekmanite]

Switzerland
Bern Interlaken-Oberhasli Lauterbrunnen ⓘ Trachsellauenen	Krähenbühl H. (1990)
Grisons Maloja Region Bregaglia Upper Val Bregaglia Casaccia ⓘ Piz dal Sasc	Philipp. R. (1982)
ⓘ Piz Lunghin	Philipp. R. (1982)
Moesa Region Calanca Arvigo ⓘ Gneiss quarries	Stalder et al. (1998)
Viamala Region Ferrera Innerferrera (Calantgil) ⓘ Martegn - Muttala Sura	Brugger J. (1996)
St. Gallen Sarganserland Sargans ⓘ Gonzen Mine	Weibel et al. (1990)
Valais Conthey Chamoson ⓘ Haut de Cry	Delaloye (1962)
Hérens Vex Thyon ⓘ Crête de Thyon	Lemanski (n.d.)
Martigny Bovernier ⓘ Couloir Collaud (Couloir Collaud mines)	Meisser (1997) +1 other reference
ⓘ Mont Chemin mining district	Alpinisme et Mineraux
ⓘ Chez Larze	Erik Vercammen collection
Sierre Anniviers Saint-Luc ⓘ Les Moulins Mine	86. (in German) +2 other references

Tajikistan
Districts of Republican Subordination ⓘ Dara-i-Pioz Massif	[var: Ferristilpnomelane] I. Pekov data pers. comm L. Horvath 2008

Tanzania
Lake Victoria Goldfield ⓘ Geita Mine	AngloGold Ashanti Limited

Turkey
Çanakkale Province Yenice District ⓘ Karakaya Complex	Tetiker et al. (2015)
Denizli Province Tavas Ulukent ⓘ Ulukent Mn deposit	Öztürk (1997)
Konya Province Kulu District ⓘ Güzelyayla	- (n.d.)
Samsun Province ⓘ Karakaya Complex	Tetiker et al. (2015)
Tekirdag Province Şarköy District ⓘ Yeniköy-Kocaeli area	Şentürk et al. (1981-82)

UK
England Cornwall Mullion ⓘ Mullion Island	Golley et al. (1995)
St Hilary ⓘ ~~Penberthy Croft Mine~~	Betterton (1997) +1 other reference
Cumbria South Lakeland Coniston ⓘ Bonser Mine	Stanley et al. (1982) +1 other reference
Wales Conwy Caerhun ⓘ Tal y Fan	Bevins et al. (1993)
Gwynedd Arthog ⓘ Cregenen (Cregennen)	Bevins et al. (1993)
Betws Garmon ⓘ Ystrad Mine (Silurian Mine)	BMS Collection
Brithdir and Llanfachreth ⓘ Friar's Coat trial	[Specimen in the Natural History Museum +1 other reference
Dolgellau ⓘ Brynycastell Mine	Cotterell (2006)
Pembrokeshire St David's and the Cathedral Close St David's Head ⓘ Greenschist outcrops	Bevins et al. (1993)

Ukraine
Crimea Feodosia area ⓘ Karadag Reserve (Kara-Dag)	Tischenko A. data
Zhytomyr Oblast Korosten Raion ⓘ Perzhanskoe ore field (Perga Be deposit)	Liventseva (n.d.)

USA
Alaska Northwest Arctic Borough Shungnak Mining District ⓘ Sun; Picnic Creek; Hot Prospects	- (2008)
Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area Ketchikan Mining District Prince of Wales Island ⓘ Khayyam Mine (Kiam Mine)	Econ Geol (1988)
ⓘ Stumble-On Mine (Mammoth prospect)	Econ Geol (1988)
California Calaveras County Garnet Hill ⓘ Garnet Hill Mine (Rheona claim)	Lordo et al. (2002) +1 other reference
Coastal Range Laytonville ⓘ Laytonville Quarry	[var: Ekmanite, var: Ferristilpnomelane] Anonymous (1964) +8 other references
Inyo County Furnace Creek Mining District (Furnace Creek Borate Mining District) ⓘ Monte Blanco Borax and Salt mining district (Death Valley Borax and Salt mining district) ?	Murdoch (1966)
Kern County Government Peak ⓘ Big Indian Mine (Big Indian deposit)	Hewett et al. (1961) +3 other references
Los Angeles County Mount Baldy District Big Pines San Gabriel River ⓘ Iron Fork of San Gabriel River	Sharp (1959) +2 other references
ⓘ Marin County	Pelletier
ⓘ Tiburon Peninsula	Murdoch (1966)
Merced County ⓘ Pacheco Pass	McKee (1962) +2 other references
Nevada County ⓘ Meadow Lake Mining District ?	Doebrich +2 other references
San Benito County Glaucophane Ridge ⓘ Unnamed Lawsonite-Glaucophane occurrence [1]	Murdoch (1966) +2 other references
ⓘ Panoche Pass	Ernst (1965) +3 other references
Picacho Peak ⓘ Victor claim (Victor Mine)	Cooper et al. (2003) +1 other reference
San Bernardino County Silver Lake Mining District Soda Mountains Zzyzx ⓘ Blue Bell Mine	ID'd for me by Tony Kampf
ⓘ Santa Barbara County	Murdoch (1966)
Santa Clara County ⓘ New Almaden Mining District	Hutton (1948) +2 other references
Pacheco Pass ⓘ Pacheco Pass area	McKee (1962) +3 other references
San Jose Oak Hill ⓘ Hillsdale Mine (Chaboya-Hillsdale Mine; San Juan Bautista Mine; San Juan Mine; San Juan Quicksilver Mine; Sheboya Mine; Chapman Mine; Oak Hill Mine)	Hutton (1956) +3 other references
Sonoma County Coast Range Cazadero ⓘ Unspecified Garnet occurrence [1]	COLEMAN et al. (1963) +3 other references
ⓘ Ward Creek [1]	Muir Wood (1979)
ⓘ Salmon Creek	Peter Cristofono
Tulare County Lindsay Peak ⓘ Unnamed Stilpnomelane occurrence [1]	Murdoch (1966) +1 other reference
Tuolumne County Jacksonville Mining District Moccasin Peak ⓘ State highway 120 area	Leonardo et al. (1967) +2 other references
Colorado La Plata County Durango Area ⓘ Bakers Bridge	[var: Ferristilpnomelane] Eckel et al. (1997)
Ouray County ⓘ Ouray Mining District	U.S. Geological Survey Professional ...
Gold Hill ⓘ Wanakah Mine	U.S. Geological Survey Professional ...
ⓘ The Blowout Occurrence	U.S. Geological Survey Professional ...
Connecticut Hartford County Bloomfield Tariffville Gorge ⓘ State Route 189 road cut	Schooner (1961)
East Granby ⓘ Roncari Quarry	John Burnham +1 other reference
ⓘ State Route 20 road cut ?	John Burnham
Simsbury ⓘ Talcott Mountain (King Phillip's Cave)	collection of John Burnham
Litchfield County Thomaston Thomaston Dam ⓘ Thomaston Dam railroad cut ?	Januzzi et al. (1976)
Woodbury Orenaug Hills ⓘ O & G Southbury Quarry (Silliman Quarry; O & G No. 2 Quarry)	Moritz (n.d.)
Middlesex County ⓘ ~~Chester~~	Januzzi et al. (1976)
Durham ⓘ Reed's Gap Quarry (New Haven Trap Rock quarry; Tilcon Durham quarry)	Moritz (n.d.)
New Haven County North Branford ⓘ North Branford Quarry	Moritz (n.d.)
Maine Aroostook County T9 R3 WELS ⓘ Hovey Mountain Manganese Prospect	Pavlides et al. (1962)
TD R2 WELS ⓘ Collins Ridge Locality	Pavlides et al. (1962)
ⓘ Lower Maple Mountain Manganese Prospect	Pavlides et al. (1962)
ⓘ Porcupine Hill	Pavlides et al. (1962)
ⓘ Upper Maple Mountain manganese prospect	Pavlides et al. (1962)
Franklin County Jim Pond ⓘ Route 16 Stilpnomelane locality	King et al. (1991)
ⓘ Hancock County	Yale Peabody Museum
Deer Isle ⓘ Deer Isle Mine	Harvard Mineralogical Museum
ⓘ Mount Desert	Wiebe et al. (1997)
Massachusetts Hampden County Westfield ⓘ Lane & Son traprock quarries (Lane's Quarry) ?	Shannon (1920)
Hampshire County Amherst ⓘ Notch Quarry (Lane Quarry; Amherst Quarry; Round Mountain Quarry)	Shannon (1920)
Middlesex County ⓘ Somerville	Palache & Fraprie
ⓘ Granite Street Quarry (Milk Row Quarry)	Wadsworth (1877)
Woburn ⓘ Blueberry Mountain Quarry (Blueberry Hill)	Rocks & Min.: 19:244 +2 other references
Michigan ⓘ Gogebic County	Heinrich et al. (2004)
Gogebic iron range Bessemer ⓘ Geneva Mine (Geneva-Davis Mine)	Heinrich et al. (2004)
ⓘ Iron County	Heinrich et al. (2004)
Bates Township ⓘ Chicagon mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Michaels Reserve prospect	- (2005)
ⓘ Rogers Mine	- (2005)
Caspian ⓘ Borland Reserve prospect	- (2005)
ⓘ Caspian Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Crystal Falls	Heinrich et al. (2004)
ⓘ Bristol - Youngstown Mine (Claire; Clare; Bristol; Bristal; Youngstown)	- (2005)
ⓘ Youngstown Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Fairbanks Iron Mine (Lincoln)	- (2005)
ⓘ Great Western Mine (Iron Star Mine)	- (2005)
ⓘ Kimball Mine (Juniette; Juniata; Junietta)	- (2005)
ⓘ Lamont Mine (Monitor Mine)	- (2005)
ⓘ Lincoln Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Neely Reserve prospect	- (2005)
ⓘ Paint River	Heinrich et al. (2004)
ⓘ Ravenna-Prickett Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Ravenna Mine (Old Ravenna)	- (2005)
Crystal Falls Township ⓘ Carpenter Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Columbia Mine (Union; Schafer; Schaffer; Schafter; Sheldon)	- (2005)
ⓘ Crystal Falls Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Fortune Lake Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Genessee Mine (Ethel)	- (2005)
ⓘ Hagerman Reserve prospect	- (2005)
ⓘ Hemlock Formation (2)	Heinrich et al. (2004)
ⓘ Hilltop Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Jones and Laughlin Drillhole 2111	Heinrich et al. (2004)
ⓘ Lawrence exploration (Wilkinson)	- (2005)
M-69 ⓘ Hemlock Formation	Heinrich et al. (2004)
ⓘ Monongahela Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Odgers Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Tobin Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Victoria Prospect	- (2005)
Gaastra Buck Group ⓘ Berkshire Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Corry '40' Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Cottrell Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Buck Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Baltic Mine	- (2005)
Fogarty Mine ⓘ Shaft No. 2	- (2005)
ⓘ Degrasse Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Zimmerman Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Youngs Mine (Newman Mine)	- (2005)
Iron River ⓘ Beta Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Nanaimo Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Buckholtz exploration	- (2005)
ⓘ Delta Mine	- (2005)
Mineral Hills ⓘ Bates Mine (Includes Johnson)	- (2005)
ⓘ Davidson Group	- (2005)
ⓘ Davidson No. 4 Mine (Wapama Mine; Purcell Mine)	- (2005)
ⓘ Forbes Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Homer-Wauseca Group	- (2005)
ⓘ Cardiff Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Wauseca Mine (Wauseca-Aronson Mine; Konwinski Mine)	- (2005)
ⓘ Minckler Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ James Mine (Osana Mine)	- (2005)
ⓘ Sherwood Mine	- (2005)
Spies-Virgil Mine ⓘ Spies-Johnson Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Sheridan Mine	- (2005)
Stambaugh ⓘ Cannon Mine (Bengal-Tully Mine)	- (2005)
ⓘ Bengal Mine (Bangal Mine)	- (2005)
ⓘ Tully Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Hiawatha Group	- (2005)
ⓘ Brule Mine (Hiawatha No. 3)	- (2005)
Hiawatha No. 1 mine ⓘ Chatham Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Wickwire Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Riverton Group (Riverton; Iron River)	- (2005)
Mansfield Township ⓘ Mansfield Mine	- (2005)
Mastodon Township Alpha ⓘ Balkan-Judson Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Mastodon Mine (Mastedon Mine; Mastadon Mine)	- (2005)
ⓘ Book Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ South Mastodon Mine (Manhattan)	- (2005)
ⓘ Alpha Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Delphic Mine	- (2005)
Lake Mary quadrangle ⓘ Hemlock Formation	Heinrich et al. (2004)
ⓘ Richards Mine (Dunn; Richards-Dunn)	- (2005)
ⓘ Richards Mine (Dunn Mine; Richards-Dunn Mine)	- (2005)
Stambaugh Township ⓘ Badwater greenstone (3)	Heinrich et al. (2004)
ⓘ Baker Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Cortland Mine	- (2005)
Sec. 33 T43N-R35W ⓘ Greig - Kelly - Jackson Reserve prospect	- (2005)
ⓘ Marquette County	Heinrich et al. (2004)
Champion Township ⓘ Baraga Group phosphorite	Heinrich et al. (2004)
Palmer ⓘ Goose Lake member	Heinrich et al. (2004)
Republic Township Republic ⓘ Republic Mine	- (2005)
Richmond Township Palmer ⓘ Empire Mine	Morris (1983)
Minnesota Carlton County Cuyuna North Range ⓘ Alsted Mine (Shawmut Company)	Blake (1965)
Crow Wing County ⓘ Cuyuna North Range	Blake (1965)
ⓘ Alstead-North Hillcrest mine	USGS Prof Paper 407
ⓘ Arko Mine	USGS Prof Paper 407 +1 other reference
Gloria mine (Donahue mine; McKensie mine; Lauretta Manganiferous Mines) ⓘ US Bureau Mines core	Bornhorst et al. (1994)
Ironton ⓘ Mahnomen No. 2 mine	USGS Prof Paper 407
ⓘ Merritt No. 1 mine	Schmidt (1963)
ⓘ Merritt No. 2 Mine (Gorham Garbert Company)	McSwiggen et al. (1994)
ⓘ Portsmouth Mine	USGS Prof Paper 407 +1 other reference
Riverton ⓘ Sagamore Mine (Syracuse property)	Guggenheim et al. (1986)
ⓘ Emily District	Econ Geology (1993)
Lake County Beaver Bay Beaver Bay Complex ⓘ Sonju Lake intrusion	Li et al. (2008)
Ely-Hoyt Lakes Area ⓘ South Filson Creek Prospect (Filson Creek)	- (2005)
Saint Louis County Eveleth ⓘ Thunderbird Mine (Thunderbird North & South)	55TH INSTITUTE ON LAKE SUPERIOR GEOLOGY (2009)
ⓘ Minntac Mine (Pilotac Mine; U S Steel Corp)	55TH INSTITUTE ON LAKE SUPERIOR GEOLOGY (2009)
Nevada Eureka County Eureka Mining District Ruby Hill Richmond-Eureka mine (Ruby Hill mine) ⓘ East Archimedes deposit	Hastings (2008)
New Hampshire Carroll County Conway ⓘ Lovejoy Gravel pits	Harvard Mineralogical Museum
New Jersey Bergen County Fort Lee ⓘ Interstate 95 and George Washington Bridge Lower Level roadcut	Focus on Fort Lee - A Key and Guide to ... +1 other reference
Hudson County Secaucus ⓘ Laurel Hill	Minerals of Laurel Hill et al. (published privately)
Hunterdon County West Amwell Township ⓘ Goat Hill Quarry	Ransom (1974)
ⓘ Mercer County	Ransom (1974)
Passaic County Little Falls Township Great Notch ⓘ Francisco Brothers Quarry	Mins. of NYC & Environs (1931)
Paterson ⓘ Lower New Street Quarry
Sussex County ⓘ Franklin	[var: Ferristilpnomelane, var: Ferrostilpnomelane] Dunn (1995)
ⓘ Franklin Mine	[var: Ferristilpnomelane] Oen et al. (1984)
ⓘ Buckwheat dump mineral collecting site ?	Peters et al. (1983)
ⓘ Taylor Road dumps ?	Régis GUILLOTTE
ⓘ Trotter Mine	Oen et al. (1984) +1 other reference
Union County Springfield Township Springfield Houdaille Quarry (Summit Quarry; Commonwealth Quarry) ⓘ Commonwealth Quarry No. 3	Rocks & Min.:13:75-79.
New York Jefferson County Antwerp ⓘ Sterling Mine ?	[var: Ferristilpnomelane] Robinson et al. (1984)
Rockland County Town of Ramapo ⓘ Wesley Hills	Hershel Friedman collection (2007)
Warren County Chester Township ⓘ Chestertown	NY State Museum spec. no. 18123
North Carolina Alleghany County Sparta Bald Knob ⓘ Bald Knob deposit	[var: Manganese-bearing Stilpnomelane] Rocks & Min.: 60:130-135.
Avery County ⓘ Cranberry Magnetite Mining District	J.Wright Horton
ⓘ Cranberry Mine	J.Wright Horton
ⓘ Cabarrus County	Genth (1891) +1 other reference
ⓘ Cosby's Mine (Crosby Mine; Poplan)	Genth et al. (1881)
ⓘ Pamlico County	Lawrence et al. (1993)
Oregon Coos County ⓘ Powers quarry	Muir Wood (1979) +1 other reference
Pennsylvania Adams County Cumberland Township ⓘ Teeter Quarry	Rocks & Minerals 81:229-234
Chester County Warwick Township Saint Peters ⓘ French Creek Mines ?	Sloto et al. (1994)
Warwick (Saint Marys) ⓘ Hopewell Mines	Ronald A. Sloto (2009)
ⓘ Hopewell mine	Sloto Ronald A. The Mines and Minerals ...
South Dakota Pennington County Rochford Mining District ⓘ Standby mine	Roberts et al. (1965)
Tennessee Carter County Cranberry Magnetite Mining District Peg Leg Magnetite Mine ⓘ Shell Creek Road stilpnomelane occurrence	Paris (2011)
Polk County ⓘ Ducktown Mining District	Paris (2011)
Vermont ⓘ Franklin County	Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996)
ⓘ Rutland County	Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996)
Virginia Floyd County ⓘ Willis phyllite	Dietrich (1990)
Grayson County Mount Rogers ⓘ Cranberry gneiss	Dietrich (1990)
Loudoun County ⓘ Evergreen Mills	Dietrich (1990)
Washington King County Grotto ⓘ Grotto area	Cannon (1975)
Mason County North Fork of the Skokomish River Area ⓘ Black and White Mine	Cannon (1975)
Skagit County ⓘ Blanchard Hill	Micro Probe Volume VII Number 3 Spring ...
Snohomish County ⓘ Eagle Creek	Cannon (1975)
Index Mining District ⓘ Stevens Pass Motel area	Cannon (1975)
Wisconsin Florence County Menominee Range ⓘ Larsen Exploration Prospect	Dutton et al. (1971)
ⓘ Iron County	USGS Bul.1460:96
Gogebic Range Montreal ⓘ Montreal Mine	La Berge (1984)
Marathon County ⓘ Wausau Intrusive Complex	Falster (1981) +1 other reference
ⓘ "Rotten granite" quarries	Falster (1987)
Marinette County ⓘ Duval massive sulfide deposit	Hollister (1982)
ⓘ Kremlin quarry	Cordua (1998)
Oneida County ⓘ Pelican River deposit	Cordua (1998)

Uzbekistan
Sirdaryo ⓘ Koytash Mine	Ashirov et al. (2023)

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Stilpnomelane

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