Quick Links : The Mindat Manual The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Mindat Newsletter [Free Download]

Home Page About Mindat The Mindat Manual History of Mindat Copyright Status Who We Are Contact Us Advertise on Mindat

Donate to Mindat Corporate Sponsorship Sponsor a Page Sponsored Pages Mindat Advertisers Advertise on Mindat

Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time Explore Fossils

Minerals by Properties Minerals by Chemistry Mineral Visual Explorer Advanced Locality Search Random Mineral Random Locality Search by minID Localities Near Me Search Articles Search Glossary More Search Options

The Mindat Manual Add a New Photo Rate Photos Locality Edit Report Coordinate Completion Report Add Glossary Item

Mining Companies Statistics Users Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations Mineral Shows & Events The Mindat Directory Device Settings The Mineral Quiz Time Machine

Photo Search Photo Galleries Search by Color Photo Colour Explorer New Photos Today New Photos Yesterday Members' Photo Galleries Past Photo of the Day Gallery Photography

Black Mountain (Swartberg mine), Aggeneys, Khâi-Ma Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa i
Regional Level Types
Black Mountain (Swartberg mine) Mountain
Aggeneys Farm
Khâi-Ma Local Municipality Municipality
Namakwa District Municipality District Municipality
Northern Cape Province
South Africa Country

Regional Level Types
Black Mountain (Swartberg mine)	Mountain
Aggeneys	Farm
Khâi-Ma Local Municipality	Municipality
Namakwa District Municipality	District Municipality
Northern Cape	Province
South Africa	Country

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.

Photos Maps Search

Standard

Specimen Photos (1)Photos by Color Add Photo

Map Pages Nearest Localities

Mineral Search Similar Localities Nearest Localities Predictive Mineralogy Search Google

Padĕraite, etc.

Black Mountain, Aggeneys, Khâi-Ma Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa

Padĕraite, etc.

Black Mountain, Aggeneys, Khâi-Ma Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa

Padĕraite, etc.

Black Mountain, Aggeneys, Khâi-Ma Local Municipality, Namakwa District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa

Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

29° 13' 59'' South , 18° 43' 41'' East

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

Type:

Köppen climate type:

BWh : Hot deserts climate

Mindat Locality ID:

53700

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:53700:2

GUID (UUID V4):

Other/historical names associated with this locality:

Swartberg deposit

Swartberg (Black Mountain) is a polydeformed Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag sulfide deposit that has undergone middle- to upper-amphibolite-facies metamorphism. It is located near the mining town of Aggeneys, in the Bushmanland region of South Africa (Cawood and Rozendaal, 2020).

Mineralised units include the stratiform Lower Orebody, Barite Unit, and Dark Quartzite, the stratiform to stratabound Upper Orebody, and the discordant Garnet Quartzite. The units differ in terms of mineralogy, economic mineralization, lithological and metal zonation, and deformation style. The latest reserve estimate for the Swartberg deposit is 2.6 Mt at 0.47% Cu, 3.40% Pb, 0.66% Zn, and 28 g/t Ag, with additional resources of 71.3 Mt at 0.29% Cu, 3.20% Pb, 1.27% Zn, and 52 g/t Ag. The Swartberg deposit therefore most closely resembles a deformed, metamorphosed Selwyn-type SEDEX deposit, although the reducing brines were exhaled into a generally oxic environment instead of one with a thick, anoxic sediment pile.

The Swartberg deposit comprises a package of metalliferous to baritic chemogenic metasediments, hosted by a succession of quartzite and predominantly aluminous schist. As a result of polyphase deformation, the sequence is enveloped by basement gneiss, and displays duplication of some stratigraphic units. As a result, the deposit has been subdivided into two separate orebodies. The upper orebody (UOB) comprises sulphide- and magnetite-rich iron formation in the F2 hinge zone, which grades into and overlies less well mineralized hematite-barite and mixed siliclastic- and baritic rocks towards the flanks. The magnetite-rich part is dominated by quartz-magnetite, with increasing amphibole and pyroxenoid towards the F2 hinge zone. A prominent unit of garnet quartzite (coticule), rich in mobilised chalcopyrite, wraps around the outside of the UOB iron formation in the hinge area.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.

Mineral List

44 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Kim Cawood, Tarryn; Rozendaal, Abraham (2020) A Multistage Genetic Model for the Metamorphosed Mesoproterozoic Swartberg Base Metal Deposit, Aggeneys-Gamsberg Ore District, South Africa. Economic Geology, 115 (5). 1021-1054 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4725

ⓘ Alloclasite

Formula: Co_1-xFe_xAsS

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Almandine

Formula: Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

ⓘ 'Almandine-Pyrope Series'

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

Formula: AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Anglesite

Formula: PbSO₄

References:

Meyer, T. Q., van der Westhuizen, W. A., Beukes, G. J., de Bruiyn, H., Schoch, A. E. (1986) An occurrence of the hydrous lead-copper-iron silicate creaseyite in South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 50 (356) 346-348 doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.356.28

ⓘ Annite

Formula: KFe²⁺₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Atacamite

Formula: Cu₂(OH)₃Cl

References:

ⓘ 'Ba Feldspar'

References:

ⓘ Baryte

Formula: BaSO₄

References:

Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa. p.1-290.

Barrie, C.T. and Taylor, C.F. (2001) Geology, alteration mineralogy, geochemistry and volcanogenic massive-sulphide potential of the Ruttan mine area and the southern Rusty Lake volcanic belt (NTS 64B). Manitoba Geological Survey Open File Report 2001-9

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

Rozendaal, A., Rudnick, T-K., Heyn, R. (2017) Mesoproterozoic base metal sulphide deposits in the Namaqua Sector of the Namaqua-Natal Metamorphic Province, South Africa: a review. South African Journal of Geology, 120 (1) 153-186 doi:10.25131/gssajg.120.1.153

ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu)

Formula: Pb(Fe³⁺₂Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆

References:

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Bismuthinite

Formula: Bi₂S₃

References:

Topa, D., Makovicky, E. (2006) The crystal structure of paderaite, Cu₇(X_0.33Pb_1.33Bi_11.33)_Σ13S₂₂, with X = Cu or Ag: new data and interpretation. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44 (2) 481-495 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.2.481

ⓘ Brochantite

Formula: Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆

References:

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Chrysocolla

Formula: Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1

References:

ⓘ Cordierite

Formula: Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Corkite

Formula: PbFe³⁺₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆

References:

ⓘ Creaseyite

Formula: Pb₂Cu₂Fe³⁺₂(Si_4.67Al_0.33)O_15.33(OH)₃ · H₂O

References:

ⓘ Diaboleite

Formula: Pb₂CuCl₂(OH)₄

References:

ⓘ Dioptase

Formula: CuSiO₃ · H₂O

References:

ⓘ Emplectite

Formula: CuBiS₂

References:

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

References:

ⓘ Ferrokinoshitalite

Formula: (Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH,F)₂

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Gahnite

Formula: ZnAl₂O₄

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

Reid, D. L., Welke, H. J., Smith, C. B., Moore, J. M. (1997) Lead isotope patterns in Proterozoic stratiform mineralization in the Bushmanland Group, Namaqua Province, South Africa. Economic Geology, 92 (2) 248-258 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.92.2.248

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Gladite

Formula: CuPbBi₅S₉

References:

ⓘ Grunerite

Formula: ◻Fe²⁺₂Fe²⁺₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Hodrušite

Formula: Cu₈Bi₁₂S₂₂

References:

ⓘ Leadhillite

Formula: Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Linarite

Formula: PbCu(SO₄)(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa. p.1-290.

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Microcline

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane

Formula: (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Native Gold

Formula: Au

References:

ⓘ Padĕraite

Formula: Cu₇[(Cu,Ag)_0.33Pb_1.33Bi_11.33]S₂₂

References:

ⓘ Paratacamite

Formula: Cu₃(Cu,Zn)(OH)₆Cl₂

References:

ⓘ Phlogopite

Formula: KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Pyromorphite

Formula: Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl

References:

ⓘ 'Pyrosmalite-(Fe)-Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Series'

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Pyroxmangite

Formula: Mn²⁺SiO₃

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa. p.1-290.

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Siderophyllite

Formula: KFe²⁺₂Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Sillimanite

Formula: Al₂(SiO₄)O

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Spessartine

Formula: Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

ⓘ Staurolite

Formula: Fe²⁺₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)

References:

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Gold	1.AA.05	Au
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Bismuthinite	2.DB.05	Bi₂S₃
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Alloclasite	2.EB.10b	Co_1-xFe_xAsS
ⓘ	Emplectite	2.HA.05	CuBiS₂
ⓘ	Gladite	2.HB.05a	CuPbBi₅S₉
ⓘ	Hodrušite	2.JA.10c	Cu₈Bi₁₂S₂₂
ⓘ	Padĕraite	2.JA.10e	Cu₇[(Cu,Ag)_0.33Pb_1.33Bi_11.33]S₂₂
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Atacamite	3.DA.10a	Cu₂(OH)₃Cl
ⓘ	Paratacamite	3.DA.10c	Cu₃(Cu,Zn)(OH)₆Cl₂
ⓘ	Diaboleite	3.DB.05	Pb₂CuCl₂(OH)₄
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Gahnite	4.BB.05	ZnAl₂O₄
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	var. Specularite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Leadhillite	5.BF.40	Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Anglesite	7.AD.35	PbSO₄
ⓘ	Baryte	7.AD.35	BaSO₄
ⓘ	Brochantite	7.BB.25	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
ⓘ	Beaverite-(Cu)	7.BC.10	Pb(Fe³⁺₂Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
ⓘ	Linarite	7.BC.65	PbCu(SO₄)(OH)₂
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Corkite	8.BL.05	PbFe³⁺₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
ⓘ	Pyromorphite	8.BN.05	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Almandine	9.AD.25	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Spessartine	9.AD.25	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Sillimanite	9.AF.05	Al₂(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Staurolite	9.AF.30	Fe²⁺₂Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
ⓘ	Cordierite	9.CJ.10	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈
ⓘ	Dioptase	9.CJ.30	CuSiO₃ · H₂O
ⓘ	Grunerite	9.DE.05	◻Fe²⁺₂Fe²⁺₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Pyroxmangite	9.DO.05	Mn²⁺SiO₃
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Annite	9.EC.20	KFe²⁺₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Phlogopite	9.EC.20	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Siderophyllite	9.EC.20	KFe²⁺₂Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Ferrokinoshitalite	9.EC.35	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH,F)₂
ⓘ	Chrysocolla	9.ED.20	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
ⓘ	Microcline var. Hyalophane	9.FA.30	(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ		9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Creaseyite	9.HH.15	Pb₂Cu₂Fe³⁺₂(Si_4.67Al_0.33)O_15.33(OH)₃ · H₂O
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Amphibole Supergroup'	-	AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Almandine-Pyrope Series'	-
ⓘ	'Pyrosmalite-(Fe)-Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Series'	-
ⓘ	'Garnet Group'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	'Ba Feldspar'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Annite	KFe₃²⁺(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Atacamite	Cu₂(OH)₃Cl
H	ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu)	Pb(Fe₂³⁺Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
H	ⓘ Corkite	PbFe₃³⁺(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Creaseyite	Pb₂Cu₂Fe₂³⁺(Si_4.67Al_0.33)O_15.33(OH)₃ · H₂O
H	ⓘ Diaboleite	Pb₂CuCl₂(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Dioptase	CuSiO₃ · H₂O
H	ⓘ Grunerite	◻Fe₂²⁺Fe₅²⁺(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Leadhillite	Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Linarite	PbCu(SO₄)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Paratacamite	Cu₃(Cu,Zn)(OH)₆Cl₂
H	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Siderophyllite	KFe₂²⁺Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Ferrokinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH,F)₂
H	ⓘ Pyrosmalite-(Fe)-Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Series
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Leadhillite	Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂
O	ⓘ Anglesite	PbSO₄
O	ⓘ Annite	KFe₃²⁺(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Atacamite	Cu₂(OH)₃Cl
O	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
O	ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu)	Pb(Fe₂³⁺Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
O	ⓘ Cordierite	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈
O	ⓘ Corkite	PbFe₃³⁺(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Creaseyite	Pb₂Cu₂Fe₂³⁺(Si_4.67Al_0.33)O_15.33(OH)₃ · H₂O
O	ⓘ Diaboleite	Pb₂CuCl₂(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Dioptase	CuSiO₃ · H₂O
O	ⓘ Gahnite	ZnAl₂O₄
O	ⓘ Grunerite	◻Fe₂²⁺Fe₅²⁺(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane	(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Leadhillite	Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Linarite	PbCu(SO₄)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Paratacamite	Cu₃(Cu,Zn)(OH)₆Cl₂
O	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Pyromorphite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl
O	ⓘ Pyroxmangite	Mn²⁺SiO₃
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Siderophyllite	KFe₂²⁺Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Sillimanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Ferrokinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH,F)₂
O	ⓘ Almandine-Pyrope Series
O	ⓘ Pyrosmalite-(Fe)-Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Series
O	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Ferrokinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH,F)₂
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Cordierite	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈
Mg	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Ferrokinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH,F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Almandine-Pyrope Series
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Annite	KFe₃²⁺(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Al	ⓘ Cordierite	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈
Al	ⓘ Creaseyite	Pb₂Cu₂Fe₂³⁺(Si_4.67Al_0.33)O_15.33(OH)₃ · H₂O
Al	ⓘ Gahnite	ZnAl₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane	(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Siderophyllite	KFe₂²⁺Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Sillimanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Al	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Ferrokinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH,F)₂
Al	ⓘ Almandine-Pyrope Series
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Annite	KFe₃²⁺(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Si	ⓘ Cordierite	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈
Si	ⓘ Creaseyite	Pb₂Cu₂Fe₂³⁺(Si_4.67Al_0.33)O_15.33(OH)₃ · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Dioptase	CuSiO₃ · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Grunerite	◻Fe₂²⁺Fe₅²⁺(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane	(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Pyroxmangite	Mn²⁺SiO₃
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Siderophyllite	KFe₂²⁺Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Sillimanite	Al₂(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Ferrokinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH,F)₂
Si	ⓘ Almandine-Pyrope Series
Si	ⓘ Pyrosmalite-(Fe)-Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Series
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Corkite	PbFe₃³⁺(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
P	ⓘ Pyromorphite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Alloclasite	Co_1-xFe_xAsS
S	ⓘ Anglesite	PbSO₄
S	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
S	ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu)	Pb(Fe₂³⁺Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
S	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Corkite	PbFe₃³⁺(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
S	ⓘ Emplectite	CuBiS₂
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Gladite	CuPbBi₅S₉
S	ⓘ Hodrušite	Cu₈Bi₁₂S₂₂
S	ⓘ Leadhillite	Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂
S	ⓘ Linarite	PbCu(SO₄)(OH)₂
S	ⓘ Padĕraite	Cu₇[(Cu,Ag)_0.33Pb_1.33Bi_11.33]S₂₂
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Atacamite	Cu₂(OH)₃Cl
Cl	ⓘ Diaboleite	Pb₂CuCl₂(OH)₄
Cl	ⓘ Paratacamite	Cu₃(Cu,Zn)(OH)₆Cl₂
Cl	ⓘ Pyromorphite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl
Cl	ⓘ Pyrosmalite-(Fe)-Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Series
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Annite	KFe₃²⁺(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane	(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
K	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Siderophyllite	KFe₂²⁺Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Ferrokinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH,F)₂
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Pyroxmangite	Mn²⁺SiO₃
Mn	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Mn	ⓘ Pyrosmalite-(Fe)-Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Series
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Alloclasite	Co_1-xFe_xAsS
Fe	ⓘ Annite	KFe₃²⁺(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Almandine	Fe₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Fe	ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu)	Pb(Fe₂³⁺Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Corkite	PbFe₃³⁺(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
Fe	ⓘ Creaseyite	Pb₂Cu₂Fe₂³⁺(Si_4.67Al_0.33)O_15.33(OH)₃ · H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Grunerite	◻Fe₂²⁺Fe₅²⁺(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Siderophyllite	KFe₂²⁺Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Staurolite	Fe₂²⁺Al₉Si₄O₂₃(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Ferrokinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH,F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Almandine-Pyrope Series
Fe	ⓘ Pyrosmalite-(Fe)-Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Series
Co	Cobalt
Co	ⓘ Alloclasite	Co_1-xFe_xAsS
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Atacamite	Cu₂(OH)₃Cl
Cu	ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu)	Pb(Fe₂³⁺Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Cu	ⓘ Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Chrysocolla	Cu_2-xAl_x(H_2-xSi₂O₅)(OH)₄ · nH₂O, x < 1
Cu	ⓘ Creaseyite	Pb₂Cu₂Fe₂³⁺(Si_4.67Al_0.33)O_15.33(OH)₃ · H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Diaboleite	Pb₂CuCl₂(OH)₄
Cu	ⓘ Dioptase	CuSiO₃ · H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Emplectite	CuBiS₂
Cu	ⓘ Gladite	CuPbBi₅S₉
Cu	ⓘ Hodrušite	Cu₈Bi₁₂S₂₂
Cu	ⓘ Linarite	PbCu(SO₄)(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Padĕraite	Cu₇[(Cu,Ag)_0.33Pb_1.33Bi_11.33]S₂₂
Cu	ⓘ Paratacamite	Cu₃(Cu,Zn)(OH)₆Cl₂
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Gahnite	ZnAl₂O₄
Zn	ⓘ Paratacamite	Cu₃(Cu,Zn)(OH)₆Cl₂
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Alloclasite	Co_1-xFe_xAsS
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Padĕraite	Cu₇[(Cu,Ag)_0.33Pb_1.33Bi_11.33]S₂₂
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
Ba	ⓘ Microcline var. Hyalophane	(K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Ba	ⓘ Ferrokinoshitalite	(Ba,K)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₃(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH,F)₂
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Native Gold	Au
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Anglesite	PbSO₄
Pb	ⓘ Beaverite-(Cu)	Pb(Fe₂³⁺Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆
Pb	ⓘ Corkite	PbFe₃³⁺(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
Pb	ⓘ Creaseyite	Pb₂Cu₂Fe₂³⁺(Si_4.67Al_0.33)O_15.33(OH)₃ · H₂O
Pb	ⓘ Diaboleite	Pb₂CuCl₂(OH)₄
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Pb	ⓘ Gladite	CuPbBi₅S₉
Pb	ⓘ Leadhillite	Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂
Pb	ⓘ Linarite	PbCu(SO₄)(OH)₂
Pb	ⓘ Padĕraite	Cu₇[(Cu,Ag)_0.33Pb_1.33Bi_11.33]S₂₂
Pb	ⓘ Pyromorphite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl
Bi	Bismuth
Bi	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
Bi	ⓘ Emplectite	CuBiS₂
Bi	ⓘ Gladite	CuPbBi₅S₉
Bi	ⓘ Hodrušite	Cu₈Bi₁₂S₂₂
Bi	ⓘ Padĕraite	Cu₇[(Cu,Ag)_0.33Pb_1.33Bi_11.33]S₂₂

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AfricaContinent

African PlateTectonic Plate

Namaqua-Natal BeltOrogenic Belt

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

[2]Rudnick, Tarryn-Kim; Rozendaal, Abraham (2013) Genesis of the stratiform BH-t Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Northern Cape, South Africa.

[1]Kim Cawood, Tarryn; Rozendaal, Abraham (2020) A Multistage Genetic Model for the Metamorphosed Mesoproterozoic Swartberg Base Metal Deposit, Aggeneys-Gamsberg Ore District, South Africa. Economic Geology, 115 (5). 1021-1054 doi:10.5382/econgeo.4725

Quick NavTop Commodities Mineral List Rock Types Other Regions References

Mindat.org® is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Mindat® and mindat.org® are registered trademarks of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2026, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau.
Content on this site may not be used to train, fine-tune, or otherwise develop artificial intelligence or machine learning models without prior written permission - see our Terms & Conditions.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: September 6, 2026 13:46:22 Page updated: July 11, 2026 17:32:52

Go to top of page