Emplectite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Emplectite
Formula:
CuBiS2
Colour:
Greyish to tin-white
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
6.38
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
From Greek έμπλεκτος, "emplektos", entwined or interwoven, for the intimate association with quartz at the type locality.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1378
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1378:5
IMA Classification of Emplectite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu1+Bi3+S2-2
Classification of Emplectite
2.HA.05
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
A : With Cu, Ag, Fe (without Pb)
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
A : With Cu, Ag, Fe (without Pb)
3.7.5.2
3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
5.1.7
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
1 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Cu
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
1 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Emp | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Emp | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Emplectite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Greyish to tin-white
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{010} Perfect; {001} less so.
{010} Perfect; {001} less so.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
6.38 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.393 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Emplectite
Anisotropism:
Strong
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 34.6% | 35.8% |
| 420nm | 35.4% | 36.5% |
| 440nm | 36.2% | 37.5% |
| 460nm | 36.8% | 39.0% |
| 480nm | 37.2% | 40.4% |
| 500nm | 37.6% | 41.4% |
| 520nm | 37.6% | 42.0% |
| 540nm | 37.4% | 42.2% |
| 560nm | 37.2% | 42.3% |
| 580nm | 37.0% | 42.3% |
| 600nm | 37.0% | 42.1% |
| 620nm | 37.1% | 41.7% |
| 640nm | 37.1% | 41.1% |
| 660nm | 37.1% | 40.6% |
| 680nm | 36.8% | 40.1% |
| 700nm | 36.6% | 39.7% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 42.3%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Light yellow
Pleochroism:
Weak
Chemistry of Emplectite
Mindat Formula:
CuBiS2
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Emplectite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pmna
Setting:
Pmna
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.1426(3) Å, b = 3.9189(4) Å, c = 14.5282(7) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.567 : 1 : 3.707
Unit Cell V:
349.73 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Prismatic, striated [001], flattened {010}.
Twinning:
Contact twinning (observed in polished sections).
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0003674 | Emplectite | Kyono A, Kimata M (2005) Crystal structures of chalcostibite (CuSbS2) and emplectite (CuBiS2): Structural relationship of stereochemical activity between chalcostibite and emplectite American Mineralogist 90 162-165 |  | 2005 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014523 | Emplectite | Razmara M F, Henderson C M B, Pattrick R A D, Bell A M T, Charnock L M (1997) The crystal chemistry of the solid solution series between chalcostibite (CuSbS2) and emplectite (CuBiS2) Mineralogical Magazine 61 79-88 | | 1997 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.05 Å | (100) |
| 3.23 Å | (90) |
| 3.13 Å | (70) |
| 7.38 Å | (50) |
| 2.34 Å | (50) |
| 2.17 Å | (40) |
| 1.863 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
Moderate temperature hydrothermal veins
Type Occurrence of Emplectite
Synonyms of Emplectite
Other Language Names for Emplectite
Dutch:Emplectiet
German:Emplektit
Emplectit
Hemichalcit
Kupferwismutglanz (of Schneider)
Tannenit
Termanit
Wismuthkupfererz (in part)
Emplectit
Hemichalcit
Kupferwismutglanz (of Schneider)
Tannenit
Termanit
Wismuthkupfererz (in part)
Russian:Эмплектит
Spanish:Emplectita
Tannenita
Termanita
Tannenita
Termanita
Relationship of Emplectite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Chalcostibite Group:
| Chalcostibite | CuSbS2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Grundmannite | CuBiSe2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma |
| Příbramite | CuSbSe2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 77 photos of Emplectite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 49 photos of Emplectite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 23 photos of Emplectite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 22 photos of Emplectite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 19 photos of Emplectite associated with Wittichenite | Cu3BiS3 |
| 17 photos of Emplectite associated with Chlorite Group | |
| 16 photos of Emplectite associated with Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| 15 photos of Emplectite associated with Tetrahedrite Group | M2(A6)M1(B4 C2)X3(D4)S1(Y12)S2(Z) |
| 15 photos of Emplectite associated with Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| 11 photos of Emplectite associated with Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.HA.05 | Grundmannite | CuBiSe2 |
| 2.HA.05 | Příbramite | CuSbSe2 |
| 2.HA.05 | Hansblockite | (Cu,Hg)(Bi,Pb)Se2 |
| 2.HA.05 | Chalcostibite | CuSbS2 |
| 2.HA.10 | Miargyrite | AgSbS2 |
| 2.HA.20 | Sunshuite | FeBi2S4 |
| 2.HA.20 | Garavellite | FeSbBiS4 |
| 2.HA.20 | Berthierite | FeSb2S4 |
| 2.HA.20 | Graţianite | MnBi2S4 |
| 2.HA.20 | Clerite | MnSb2S4 |
| 2.HA.25 | Aramayoite | Ag3Sb2(Bi,Sb)S6 |
| 2.HA.25 | Baumstarkite | Ag3Sb3S6 |
| 2.HA.30 | Zhonghongite | Cu29(As,Sb)12S33 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Emplectite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1378.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Emplectite
Reference List:
Palache, Charles, Peacock, Martin A. (1933) Emplectite and the zinkenite group. American Mineralogist, 18 (7) 277-287
Portheine, Jan C., Nowacki, W. (1975) Refinement of the crystal structure of emplectite, CuBiS2. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 141 (5). 387-402 doi:10.1524/zkri.1975.141.5-6.387
Wang, Naiding (1994) The Cu-Bi-S system: results from low-temperature experiments. Mineralogical Magazine, 58 (391) 201-204 doi:10.1180/minmag.1994.058.391.02
Localities for Emplectite
Showing 347 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| FRANCHINI (27º26'S-66º16'O) |
| Brodtkorb (2002) +2 other references | |
| GALLISKI (1983) +1 other reference |
| Marquez-Zavalia et al. (2012) | |
| Brodtkorb (2002) +2 other references |
| Bedlivy et al. (1972) +3 other references |
Armenia | |
| Mederer et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Mederer et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Mederer et al. (2019) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Singer et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
Australia | |
| McQueen et al. (1985) |
| Brown et al. (1992) +1 other reference |
| Huston et al. (1993) |
| Huston et al. (1993) | |
| Nethery et al. (1998) |
| Noble et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
| Annells (1981) |
| Kitto |
| Collins et al. (2004) |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Hackenberg (2003) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Tufar (1965) +1 other reference |
| Friedrich (1933) |
| Exel (1993) | |
Azerbaijan | |
| - (2005) |
Bolivia | |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
Botswana | |
| Kelepile (2017) |
| Piestrzynski et al. (2015) |
Bulgaria | |
| Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Cook et al. (2002) +2 other references |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Lips (2006) |
| Georgiev (2008) |
Canada | |
| Badham (1975) |
| Badham (1975) | |
| Normandeau et al. (2024) |
| Acosta-Góngora et al. (2015) | |
| Somarin et al. (2022) |
| Rich et al. (1977) | |
| Ames et al. (2007) |
| Can Mineral 1984 22: 13-21 |
| Traill (1983) |
| Thirty - First Annual Report of the ... +1 other reference | |
| Canadian Museum of Nature specimens XRD ... |
Chile | |
| SEM-EDS by Joy Desor |
| I.Domeyko Museum collection in the La ... +3 other references |
| HENLEY et al. (2011) |
China | |
| Yi Li and Youbin Liang (1993) |
| Yunsheng Ren et al. (2005) |
| Zhichao Chu (1982) |
| Xiong et al. (2022) |
| Long et al. (2025) |
| Long et al. (2025) | |
| Fan et al. (2026) |
| Xuehui Xia et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Yi Li (2001) |
| Yingchen Ren (1999) |
| Xia Ai and Zengyi Chen (1993) |
| Youren Hua and Zhiguo Hu (1980) | |
| Yue et al. (2024) +1 other reference |
| Singer et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Chengde Kang (1990) |
| Zhang et al. (2025) |
| Jian Zhang (1987) |
| Xia et al. (2021) |
| Fuquan Yang et al. (2010) |
| Zhou et al. (2018) |
| Zhou et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Zhiming Li et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Pivec et al. (1984) |
| |
| Ondruš et al. (2003) | |
| Sejkora et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
| Sejkora et al. (2025) |
| |
| Duda | |
| Petr Pauliš (2000) | |
| MALÍKOVÁ R et al. (2020) |
| Gramblička (n.d.) |
| Krátký et al. (2026) |
| Sejkora (1998) |
| www.geocities.com/Smula.geo |
| Sejkora (1998) | |
| Sejkora (1994) |
DR Congo | |
| Deliens (1996) |
Europe | |
| Jahn (2002) |
| ATANASSOVA +1 other reference | |
Finland | |
| Kojonen |
France | |
| Aye et al. (1978) |
| R. Pierrot |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| De Bondt (n.d.) |
| Hohl (1994) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Bari (1982) | |
| Wittern +1 other reference |
| This mine worked the same vein as Gabe ... +2 other references | |
| Ruhlmann (1978) |
| Hohl (1994) |
| Thierry Brunsperger 2011 discovery |
| Hohl (1994) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) | |
| Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references |
| Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Pitorre (1998) |
Georgia | |
| Ramaz Migineishvili (2005) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Fricke (1988) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) +2 other references |
| Staude et al. (2010) |
| |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Staude et al. (2012) | |
| Walenta (1992) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) +2 other references | |
| Markl (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Gröbner (2003) +1 other reference |
| |
| |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Erzgräber 1987 (2) | |
| |
| |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Rüsenberg (1986) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| PETITJEAN collection |
| Belendorff (2021) | |
| Belendorff (2021) |
| ... |
| Schmitt (1993) |
| ... | |
| Drabrick (1970) | |
| https://www.mineralienatlas.de/?l=4860 | |
| Lorenz et al. (2007) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Meier (1995) |
| Schmeltzer (1977) |
| web.archive.org (2001) |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| Nickel et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| Belendorff (2021) | |
| Schmitt (1993) +1 other reference |
| Klaus Petitjean collection |
| |
| Hotze (1989) +2 other references |
| Rolf Golze +3 other references |
| Wittern (2001) |
| American Mineralogist 40:768 |
| Gräf (2020) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Hofmann (1992) |
| Gerhard Möhn Collection Analyzed by ... |
| Selb (1817) +1 other reference |
| Hajek (2010) |
| St. Michalski collection - checked by ... |
| British Museum of Natural History. #1926 (Rock Currier photo, 1975) | |
| Gröbner et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Jahn (1999) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (1997) +2 other references |
| Dr. Günter Grundmann collection | |
| Weber (1992) |
| |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2008) |
| Voudouris et al. (2003) | |
Greenland | |
| Petersen et al. (1993) |
Hungary | |
| Földessy et al. (2008) |
Indonesia | |
| Tun et al. (2015) |
Iran | |
| Ebrahim Tale Fazel et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Tale Fazel et al. (2023) |
| Mousavi Motlagh et al. (2024) |
Italy | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Maletto et al. (2013) | |
| Domenighini et al. (2026) |
| Mattioli (1979) +1 other reference |
Ivory Coast | |
| Béziat et al. (2016) |
Japan | |
| Shimada et al. (1981) |
| AmMin 85:628 +3 other references |
| Ishibashi (1960) +5 other references | |
| Yuningsih et al. (2018) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| IZUMINO et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Nagashima et al. (2021) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Baibatsha et al. (2015) |
| Strakhovenko (1996) |
| Ваулин (2016) |
| Ваулин (2016) | |
| Ваулин (2016) | |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Soloviev (2011) |
Malaysia | |
| Wan Hassan (2003) |
Mexico | |
| Analysis by Frank Keutsch |
| Hoffmann (1968) +1 other reference |
| Moore et al. (2003) | |
| Moore (2008) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
Morocco | |
| Weiß (2006) |
| MAACHA et al. (2011) |
| Ilmen et al. (2024) |
| Ilmen et al. (2015) +1 other reference | |
Myanmar | |
| Sasmaz et al. (2025) |
| Sint et al. (2019) | |
New Zealand | |
| Rabone (1977) |
North Macedonia | |
| Serafimovski et al. (2015) |
| Petrunov et al. (2001) +2 other references |
| Serafimovski et al. (2016) | |
Norway | |
| Griffin (1974) +1 other reference |
| Bugge (1935) +1 other reference |
| Daw (1879) +1 other reference |
Peru | |
| Imai et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Crespo +4 other references |
| Crowley et al. (1997) |
| Baumgartner et al. (2008) |
| Bendezu et al. (2009) |
Poland | |
| Pieczka et al. (2009) |
| Mochnacka K. 1967: Geologia polimetalicznego złoża w Kowarach (Dolny Śląsk) +2 other references |
| Pieczka A. +3 other references |
| Kozłowski et al. (2024) | |
| Banaś M. (1971) +1 other reference |
| Kozłowski A. & Metz P. 2003: ... | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
Portugal | |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Gustavo Pereira Fernandes |
| Alves (n.d.) |
Romania | |
| Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Tămaș +2 other references | |
| Shimizu et al. (1998) | |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Cook et al. (2002) | |
| Szakáll (2002) | |
| Cook et al. (2002) | |
| Cook et al. (2002) | |
| Cioacă et al. (2014) |
Russia | |
| Potseluev et al. (2006) |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2022) |
| Plotinskaya et al. (2020) |
| Tolstykh et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
| Tamara Yu. Yakich * et al. (2024) +1 other reference |
| Popova et al. (1993) |
| Voloshin A.V. et al. (1986) |
| Nevolko et al. (2019) |
| Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September) |
| Vikent'eva et al. (2016) |
| Murzin et al. (1999) |
| Murzin et al. (1999) | |
| Kovalev et al. (2019) |
| Redin et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Yurgenson et al. (2023) |
| Gvozdev et al. (2020) | |
| Yurgenson et al. (2023) |
Slovakia | |
| Kodě +1 other reference |
| Jeleň et al. (2012) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Beňka J. (1994) |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Duda et. all. |
South Africa | |
| Oberthür et al. (2018) |
| Topa et al. (2006) |
Spain | |
| Lillo Ramos (1992) |
Sweden | |
| |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
| Gavelin |
| Dobbe (1991) |
| Dobbe (1991) | |
| |
| |
| Andersson et al. (2024) |
| Öhman et al. (2005) |
| Andersson et al. (2024) | |
Switzerland | |
| Meisser et al. (2007) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Ansermet (2012) |
Tajikistan | |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Kovalenker et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| Smirnov (ed.) +3 other references |
| Ятимов et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
| Badalov et al. (1975) | |
| Badalov et al. (1975) | |
| Lur'ye et al. (1971) |
Turkey | |
| Yahya Çiftçi et al. (2013) |
| Sasmaz et al. (2025) |
| ÇAĞATAY et al. (1990) |
| ÇAĞATAY et al. (1990) | |
UK | |
| Lapis 45 (6) |
| Rumsey et al. (2008) |
| Pattrick (1979) +3 other references |
USA | |
| Graeme (1993) |
| Graeme (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data of ... |
| Dunning et al. (2005) |
| Bell mine +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Hanson et al. (Rusty) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Page et al. (1956) +3 other references | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Bart Cannon microprobe analysis |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| Dietrich (1990) |
Uzbekistan | |
| Anthony et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1990) +2 other references | |
Zambia | |
| Simusokwe (2021) |
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Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany