Garavellite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Garavellite
Carlo Lorenzo Garavelli
Formula:
FeSbBiS4
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
5.64 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named by F. Gregorio, P. Lattanzi, G. Tanelli, and F. Vurro in 1979 in honor of Carlo Lorenzo Garavelli (13 July 1929, Florence, Italy - 23 November 1998, Bari, Italy), Italian mineralogist and professor at the University of Bari Aldo Moro, in recognition of his contribution to the field of mineralogy of Tuscan ore deposits.
Type Locality:
This page provides mineralogical data about Garavellite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1650
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1650:2
IMA Classification of Garavellite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Fe2+Sb3+Bi3+S2-4
Approval year:
1978
First published:
1979
Classification of Garavellite
2.HA.20
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
A : With Cu, Ag, Fe (without Pb)
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
A : With Cu, Ag, Fe (without Pb)
3.7.9.4
3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
5.8.7
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
8 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Mn, Fe, Co and Ni
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
8 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Mn, Fe, Co and Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Grv | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Garavellite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=212 - 222 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Density:
5.64 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Garavellite
Anisotropism:
Strong, yellowish green to bluish gray
Bireflectance:
Distinct
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 470nm | 34.1% | 41.7% |
| 546nm | 33.8% | 41.1% |
| 589nm | 33.2% | 40.2% |
| 650nm | 33.5% | 39.7% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 41.7%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Gray with olive-brown tint
Pleochroism:
Visible
Chemistry of Garavellite
Mindat Formula:
FeSbBiS4
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Cu,As
Crystallography of Garavellite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.439 Å, b = 14.093 Å, c = 3.754 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.812 : 1 : 0.266
Unit Cell V:
605.18 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Small aggregates of 200 microns.
Comment:
Point Group: n.d.; Space Group: n.d.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014648 | Garavellite | Bindi L, Menchetti S (2005) Garavellite, FeSbBiS4, from the Caspari mine, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany: composition, physical properties and determination of the crystal structure Mineralogy and Petrology 85 131-139 | 2005 | Caspari mine, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 14.00 Å | (m) |
| 7.08 Å | (m) |
| 3.62 Å | (vs) |
| 3.49 Å | (m) |
| 3.34 Å | (m) |
| 3.20 Å | (vs) |
| 3.10 Å | (m) |
| 2.98 Å | (s) |
| 2.89 Å | (s) |
| 2.63 Å | (vs) |
| 2.51 Å | (vs) |
| 2.16 Å | (m) |
| 1.677 Å | (m) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Garavellite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Small aggregates, up to 200 µm across, of anhedral crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Florence, Florence, Italy, 100/l.
University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 145868.
University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 145868.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal copper deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Garavellite
Other Language Names for Garavellite
Relationship of Garavellite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Berthierite Group:
| Berthierite | FeSb2S4 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Clerite | MnSb2S4 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.HA.05 | Grundmannite | CuBiSe2 |
| 2.HA.05 | Emplectite | CuBiS2 |
| 2.HA.05 | Příbramite | CuSbSe2 |
| 2.HA.05 | Hansblockite | (Cu,Hg)(Bi,Pb)Se2 |
| 2.HA.05 | Chalcostibite | CuSbS2 |
| 2.HA.10 | Miargyrite | AgSbS2 |
| 2.HA.20 | Sunshuite | FeBi2S4 |
| 2.HA.20 | Berthierite | FeSb2S4 |
| 2.HA.20 | Graţianite | MnBi2S4 |
| 2.HA.20 | Clerite | MnSb2S4 |
| 2.HA.25 | Aramayoite | Ag3Sb2(Bi,Sb)S6 |
| 2.HA.25 | Baumstarkite | Ag3Sb3S6 |
| 2.HA.30 | Zhonghongite | Cu29(As,Sb)12S33 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Garavellite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1650.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Garavellite
Reference List:
Gregorio, F., Lattanzi, P., Tanelli, G., Vurro, F. (1979) Garavellite, FeSbBiS4, a new mineral from the Cu-Fe deposit of Valle del Frigido in the Apuane Alps, northern Tuscany, Italy. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (325) 99-102 doi:10.1180/minmag.1979.043.325.05
Fleischer, Michael, Burns, Roger G., Cabri, Louis J., Chao, George Y., Hogarth, D. D., Pabst, Adolf (1979) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 64 (11-12) 1329-1334
Gregorio, F., Lattanzi, P., Tanelli, G., Vurro, F. (1979) Garavellite, FeSbBiS4, a new mineral from the Cu-Fe deposit of Valle del Frigido in the Apuane Alps, northern Tuscany, Italy. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (325) 99-102 doi:10.1180/minmag.1979.043.325.05
Localities for Garavellite
Showing 13 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
China | |
| Bingjie Wei et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Litochleb (1998) |
Germany | |
| Bindi et al. (2005) |
Italy | |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) |
| Gregorio et al. (1979) |
Peru | |
| Yáñez et al. (2014, May) |
Poland | |
| Foltyn et al. (2023) |
Slovakia | |
| Majzlan (1996) |
| Ferenc Š. (2015) |
| Uher et al. (2000) |
| Andráš et al. (1993) | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Mikuš et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
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Frigido Mine, Massa, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy