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Frigido Mine, Massa, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy i
Regional Level Types
Frigido Mine Mine
Massa Commune
Massa-Carrara Province Province
Tuscany Region
Italy Country

Frigido Mine, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy

Regional Level Types
Frigido Mine	Mine
Massa	Commune
Massa-Carrara Province	Province
Tuscany	Region
Italy	Country

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Chalcopyrite, etc.

Frigido Mine, Massa, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy

Siderite

Frigido Mine, Massa, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy

Quartz, etc.

Frigido Mine, Massa, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy

Chalcopyrite, etc.

Frigido Mine, Massa, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy

Siderite

Frigido Mine, Massa, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy

Quartz, etc.

Frigido Mine, Massa, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy

Chalcopyrite, etc.

Frigido Mine, Massa, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy

Siderite

Frigido Mine, Massa, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy

Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

44° 2' 45'' North , 10° 9' 1'' East

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

Type:

Köppen climate type:

Cfb : Temperate oceanic climate

Nearest Settlements:

Place	Population	Distance
Pariana	403 (2014)	1.1km
Bergiola Maggiore	113 (2014)	1.2km
Massa	64,783 (2015)	1.5km
Canevara	340 (2014)	1.8km
Altagnana	173 (2014)	2.1km

Mindat Locality ID:

18686

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:18686:2

GUID (UUID V4):

Other Languages:

Italian:

Miniera del Frigido, Massa, Provincia di Massa-Carrara (Provincia di Massa e Carrara), Toscana, Italia

Hydrothermal copper deposit with chalcopyrite disseminated in a siderite gangue. Located 1 km E of the city of Massa, along the banks of the stream Frigido.

The orebodies are formed of spathic siderite with disseminated chalcopyrite. Other minerals present in minor to trace quantities include tetrahedrite, pyrrhotine, pyrite, marcasite, galena, sphalerite, meneghinite, ullmannite, pentlandite, vaesite, bismuthinite, garavellite, chalcanthite, and quartz.

Frigido mine is the type locality for garavellite which appears in polished sections as small aggregates, up to 200 μm across, of anhedral crystals, usually in direct contact with tetrahedrite, Sb-rich bismuthinite, chalcopyrite, and siderite.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

21 valid minerals. 2 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Bismuthinite

Formula: Bi₂S₃

References:

Gregorio, F., Lattanzi, P., Tanelli, G., Vurro, F. (1979) Garavellite, FeSbBiS₄, a new mineral from the Cu-Fe deposit of Valle del Frigido in the Apuane Alps, northern Tuscany, Italy. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (325) 99-102 doi:10.1180/minmag.1979.043.325.05

ⓘ Boulangerite

Formula: Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁

References:

Carrozzini B., Garavelli C. L., Vurro F. (1993). Zinkenite and associated sulfides and sulfosalts from the Frigido mine (Apuane Alps). Periodico di Mineralogia, 62: 13-28.

ⓘ Chalcanthite

Formula: CuSO₄ · 5H₂O

References:

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

Angelillis, R. (1973) Escursione mineralogica alla miniera del Frigido (Toscana). Notizie del Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, 4, 3 (settembre 1973), 70

Del Caldo, A.; Moro, C.; Gramaccioli, C.M.; Boscardin, M. (1973) Guida ai minerali. Fratelli Fabbri Editori. 208 pp.

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

Angelillis, R. (1973) Escursione mineralogica alla miniera del Frigido (Toscana). Notizie del Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, 4, 3 (settembre 1973), 70

ⓘ Garavellite (TL)

Formula: FeSbBiS₄

Type Locality:

References:

ⓘ Gersdorffite

Formula: NiAsS

References:

Carrozzini, B., Garavelli, C.L., Vurro, F. (1991) Tetrahedrite (supposed "Frigidite") and associated Ni minerals from Frigido mine (Apuane Alps). Periodico di Mineralogia, 60, 5–14.

ⓘ Malachite

Formula: Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂

References:

Del Caldo, A.; Moro, C.; Gramaccioli, C.M.; Boscardin, M. (1973) Guida ai minerali. Fratelli Fabbri Editori. 208 pp.

ⓘ Marcasite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

ⓘ Meneghinite

Formula: Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄

References:

ⓘ Pentlandite

Formula: (Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈

References:

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

References:

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Angelillis, R. (1973) Escursione mineralogica alla miniera del Frigido (Toscana). Notizie del Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, 4, 3 (settembre 1973), 70

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

ⓘ Siderite

Formula: FeCO₃

References:

Angelillis, R. (1973) Escursione mineralogica alla miniera del Frigido (Toscana). Notizie del Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, 4, 3 (settembre 1973), 70

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

ⓘ Tetrahedrite-(Fe) (TL)

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄Fe²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S

Type Locality:

References:

Biagioni, Cristian, George, Luke L., Cook, Nigel J., Makovicky, Emil, Moëlo, Yves, Pasero, Marco, Sejkora, Jiří, Stanley, Chris J., Welch, Mark D., Bosi, Ferdinando (2020) The tetrahedrite group: Nomenclature and classification. American Mineralogist, 105 (1) 109-122 doi:10.2138/am-2020-7128

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S

References:

Angelillis, R. (1973) Escursione mineralogica alla miniera del Frigido (Toscana). Notizie del Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, 4, 3 (settembre 1973), 70

Del Caldo, A.; Moro, C.; Gramaccioli, C.M.; Boscardin, M. (1973) Guida ai minerali. Fratelli Fabbri Editori. 208 pp.

Carrozzini, B., Garavelli, C.L., Vurro, F. (1991) Tetrahedrite (supposed "Frigidite") and associated Ni minerals from Frigido mine (Apuane Alps). Periodico di Mineralogia, 60, 5–14.

ⓘ Ullmannite

Formula: NiSbS

References:

ⓘ Vaesite

Formula: NiS₂

References:

ⓘ Zinkenite

Formula: Pb₉Sb₂₂S₄₂

References:

Carrozzini B., Garavelli C. L., Vurro F. (1993). Zinkenite and associated sulfides and sulfosalts from the Frigido mine (Apuane Alps). Periodico di Mineralogia, 62: 13-28.

Gallery:

FeCO₃ⓘ Siderite

Siderite, etc.

Frigido Mine, Massa, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy

Siderite, etc.

Frigido Mine, Massa, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy

Siderite, etc.

Frigido Mine, Massa, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Pentlandite	2.BB.15	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Bismuthinite	2.DB.05	Bi₂S₃
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Vaesite	2.EB.05a	NiS₂
ⓘ	Marcasite	2.EB.10a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Gersdorffite	2.EB.25	NiAsS
ⓘ	Ullmannite	2.EB.25	NiSbS
ⓘ	'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	Tetrahedrite-(Fe) (TL)	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	Garavellite (TL)	2.HA.20	FeSbBiS₄
ⓘ	Meneghinite	2.HB.05b	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄
ⓘ	Boulangerite	2.HC.15	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁
ⓘ	Zinkenite	2.JB.35a	Pb₉Sb₂₂S₄₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Siderite	5.AB.05	FeCO₃
ⓘ	Malachite	5.BA.10	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Chalcanthite	7.CB.20	CuSO₄ · 5H₂O

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Chalcanthite	CuSO₄ · 5H₂O
H	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
C	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Chalcanthite	CuSO₄ · 5H₂O
O	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
S	ⓘ Boulangerite	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Chalcanthite	CuSO₄ · 5H₂O
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Garavellite	FeSbBiS₄
S	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
S	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Meneghinite	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄
S	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Ullmannite	NiSbS
S	ⓘ Vaesite	NiS₂
S	ⓘ Zinkenite	Pb₉Sb₂₂S₄₂
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite-(Fe)	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Garavellite	FeSbBiS₄
Fe	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
Fe	ⓘ Tetrahedrite-(Fe)	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
Ni	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Ni	ⓘ Ullmannite	NiSbS
Ni	ⓘ Vaesite	NiS₂
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Chalcanthite	CuSO₄ · 5H₂O
Cu	ⓘ Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
Cu	ⓘ Meneghinite	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄
Cu	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Tetrahedrite-(Fe)	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Boulangerite	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁
Sb	ⓘ Garavellite	FeSbBiS₄
Sb	ⓘ Meneghinite	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄
Sb	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Sb	ⓘ Ullmannite	NiSbS
Sb	ⓘ Zinkenite	Pb₉Sb₂₂S₄₂
Sb	ⓘ Tetrahedrite-(Fe)	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Boulangerite	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Pb	ⓘ Meneghinite	Pb₁₃CuSb₇S₂₄
Pb	ⓘ Zinkenite	Pb₉Sb₂₂S₄₂
Bi	Bismuth
Bi	ⓘ Bismuthinite	Bi₂S₃
Bi	ⓘ Garavellite	FeSbBiS₄

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

Apennine OrogenAccretionary Complex

EuropeContinent

Italy

Tuscany
- Apuan AlpsMountain Range

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Monetti L. (1922). Miniera di rame e ferro detta del Frigido (Comune di Massa, Provincia di Massa-Carrara). Mem. Soc. Lunig. G. Cappellini Storia Nat. Reg., 3: 84-87.

Monetti L. (1924). La miniera di rame e ferro del Frigido. Rass. Min. Metallurg. Chim., 61: 11.

Carrozzini B., Garavelli C. L., Vurro F. (1993). Zinkenite and associated sulfides and sulfosalts from the Frigido mine (Apuane Alps). Periodico di Mineralogia, 62: 13-28.

D’Achiardi, A. (1881) Su di alcuni minerali della miniera del Frigido presso Massa nelle Alpi Apuane. Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Proc. Verb., 2: 171-178.

Manasse, E. (1906) Tetraedrite del Frigido (varietà Frigidite) e minerali che l'accompagnano. Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Memorie, 22, 81-93.

Zaccagna, D. (1932): I giacimenti ferriferi di Monte Tambura e Fondone e Fornovolasco, piombo argentifero di Bottino e Valdicastello, rame del Frigido e di Vagli, mercurifero di Levigliani e Ripa. Memorie Descrittive della Carta Geologica d'Italia, 1932, 390-403.

Angelillis, R. (1973) Escursione mineralogica alla miniera del Frigido (Toscana). Notizie del Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, 4, 3 (settembre 1973), 70

Del Caldo, A.; Moro, C.; Gramaccioli, C.M.; Boscardin, M. (1973) Guida ai minerali. Fratelli Fabbri Editori. 208 pp.

Kutufà, C., and Ruggieri, G. (1979) Notizie sulla miniera del Frigido. Notizie del Gruppo Mineralogico Fiorentino, 6, 1-4.

Carrozzini, B., Garavelli, C.L., Vurro, F. (1991) Tetrahedrite (supposed "Frigidite") and associated Ni minerals from Frigido mine (Apuane Alps). Periodico di Mineralogia, 60, 5–14.

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