Meli, R. (1997) Giacimenti da non dimenticare: i minerali delle vulcaniti di San Venanzo (Terni). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 21, 3 (3-1997), 269-275

Sharygin, Victor V., Pekov, Igor V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Khomyakov, Alexander P., Stoppa, Francesco, Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu. (2013) Umbrianite, K7Na2Ca2[Al3Si10O29]F2Cl2, a new mineral species from melilitolite of the Pian di Celle volcano, Umbria, Italy. European Journal of Mineralogy, 25 (4) 655-669 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2013/0025-2306

Stoppa, F., Schiazza, M. (2014) Extreme chemical conditions of crystallisation of Umbrian Melilitolites and wealth of rare, late stage/hydrothermal minerals. Open Geosciences, 6 (4). doi:10.2478/s13533-012-0190-z

ⓘ Aenigmatite

Formula: Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Stoppa, F., Sharygin, V. V., Cundari, A. (1997) New mineral data from the kamafugite-carbonatite association: The melilitolite from Pian di Celle, Italy. Mineralogy and Petrology, 61 (1) 27-45 doi:10.1007/bf01172476

ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'

Locality: San Venanzo Volcano, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Stoppa, F., Cundari, A. (1998) Origin and multiple crystallization of the kamafugite-carbonatite association: the San Venanzo-Pian di Celle occurrence (Umbria, Italy) Mineralogical Magazine, 62 (2) 273-289 doi:10.1180/002646198547530

Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4

ⓘ Analcime

Formula: Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O

Localities:

Titignano, Orvieto, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

Localities:

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Aragonite

Formula: CaCO₃

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Cingolani, G. (1974) Eccezionali cristalli di kalsilite a S. Venanzo (Umbria) Notizie del Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, 5, 3 (settembre 1974), 66-67

Meli, R. (1997) Giacimenti da non dimenticare: i minerali delle vulcaniti di San Venanzo (Terni). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 21, 3 (3-1997), 269-275

ⓘ Arfvedsonite

Formula: [Na][Na₂][Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Åkermanite

Formula: Ca₂Mg[Si₂O₇]

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Joel Dyer collection

ⓘ Augite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Cingolani, G. (1974) Eccezionali cristalli di kalsilite a S. Venanzo (Umbria) Notizie del Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, 5, 3 (settembre 1974), 66-67

Meli, R. (1997) Giacimenti da non dimenticare: i minerali delle vulcaniti di San Venanzo (Terni). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 21, 3 (3-1997), 269-275

ⓘ Bafertisite

Formula: Ba₂Fe²⁺₄Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F₂

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ 'Bafertisite Group'

Formula: A^PD^PM^O₄M^H₂(Si₂O₇)₂(X^O_M)₂(X^O_A)₂X^P_M

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Bario-olgite

Formula: (Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)₂Na(PO₄)₂ ·

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Bartonite

Formula: K₆Fe₂₀S₂₆S

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Branchite

Formula: C₂₀H₃₄

Locality: Terni, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 5 (2003)

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

Localities:

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
San Venanzo Volcano, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Pozzi della Piana Cave, Orvieto, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Chabazite-Ca

Formula: (Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Meli, R. (1997) Giacimenti da non dimenticare: i minerali delle vulcaniti di San Venanzo (Terni). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 21, 3 (3-1997), 269-275

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Chlorbartonite

Formula: K₆Fe₂₄S₂₆(Cl,S)

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Sharygin probeb

ⓘ 'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Chromite

Formula: Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄

Locality: San Venanzo Volcano, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

V. V. Sharygin et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1199-1212.

Sabatini, V. (1899). I vulcani di San Venanzo. Riv Miner Cristal It, 22, 3-12.

Peacor, Donald R., Dunn, Pete J., Simmons, William B., Tillmanns, Ekkehart, Fischer, Reinhard X. (1984) Willhendersonite, a new zeolite isostructural with chabazite. American Mineralogist, 69 (1-2) 186-189

Cundari, A., Ferguson, A. K. (1991) Petrogenetic relationships between melilitite and lamproite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107 (3) 343-357 doi:10.1007/bf00325103

Laurenzi, M., Stoppa, F., & Villa, I. (1994). Eventi ignei monogenici e depositi piroclastici nel Distretto Ultra-alcalino Umbro-Laziale (ULUD): revisione, aggiornamento e comparazione dei dati cronologici. Plinius, 12, 61-65.

Stoppa, F. (1996). The San Venanzo maar and tuff ring, Umbria, Italy: eruptive behaviour of a carbonatite-melilitite volcano. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57(7), 563-577.

Conticelli, S., D’antonio, M., Pinarelli, L., & Civetta, L. (2002). Source contamination and mantle heterogeneity in the genesis of Italian potassic and ultrapotassic volcanic rocks: Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data from Roman Province and Southern Tuscany. Mineralogy and Petrology, 74(2-4), 189-222.

Panina, L. I., Stoppa, F., & Usol tseva, L. M. (2003). Genesis of melilitite rocks of Pian di Celle volcano, Umbrian kamafugite province, Italy: evidence from melt inclusions in minerals. PETROLOGY C/C OF PETROLOGIIA, 11(4), 365-382.

Stoppa, F., Rukhlov, A. S., Bell, K., Schiazza, M., & Vichi, G. (2014). Lamprophyres of Italy: early Cretaceous alkaline lamprophyres of southern Tuscany, Italy. Lithos, 188, 97-112.

ⓘ Cubanite

Formula: CuFe₂S₃

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Cuspidine

Formula: Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Sabatini, V. (1899). I vulcani di San Venanzo. Riv Miner Cristal It, 22, 3-12.

Cundari, A., Ferguson, A. K. (1991) Petrogenetic relationships between melilitite and lamproite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107 (3) 343-357 doi:10.1007/bf00325103

Stoppa, F. (1996). The San Venanzo maar and tuff ring, Umbria, Italy: eruptive behaviour of a carbonatite-melilitite volcano. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57(7), 563-577.

Bellezza, Marco, Merlino, Stefano, Perchiazzi, Natale (2004) Chemical and structural study of the Zr, Ti-disilicates in the venanzite from Pian di Celle, Umbria, Italy. European Journal of Mineralogy, 16 (6) 957-969 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2004/0016-0957

Stoppa, F., Rukhlov, A. S., Bell, K., Schiazza, M., & Vichi, G. (2014). Lamprophyres of Italy: early Cretaceous alkaline lamprophyres of southern Tuscany, Italy. Lithos, 188, 97-112.

ⓘ Delhayelite

Formula: (Na,K)₁₀Ca₅Al₆Si₃₂O₈₀(Cl₂,F₂,SO₄)₃ · 18H₂O

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Sabatini, V. (1899). I vulcani di San Venanzo. Riv Miner Cristal It, 22, 3-12.

Cundari, A., Ferguson, A. K. (1991) Petrogenetic relationships between melilitite and lamproite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107 (3) 343-357 doi:10.1007/bf00325103

Stoppa, F. (1996). The San Venanzo maar and tuff ring, Umbria, Italy: eruptive behaviour of a carbonatite-melilitite volcano. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57(7), 563-577.

Stoppa, F., Rukhlov, A. S., Bell, K., Schiazza, M., & Vichi, G. (2014). Lamprophyres of Italy: early Cretaceous alkaline lamprophyres of southern Tuscany, Italy. Lithos, 188, 97-112.

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

Localities:

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
San Venanzo Volcano, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Titignano, Orvieto, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Diopside var. Salite

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Sabatini, V. (1899). I vulcani di San Venanzo. Riv Miner Cristal It, 22, 3-12.

Cundari, A., Ferguson, A. K. (1991) Petrogenetic relationships between melilitite and lamproite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107 (3) 343-357 doi:10.1007/bf00325103

Stoppa, F. (1996). The San Venanzo maar and tuff ring, Umbria, Italy: eruptive behaviour of a carbonatite-melilitite volcano. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57(7), 563-577.

Stoppa, F., Rukhlov, A. S., Bell, K., Schiazza, M., & Vichi, G. (2014). Lamprophyres of Italy: early Cretaceous alkaline lamprophyres of southern Tuscany, Italy. Lithos, 188, 97-112.

ⓘ Djerfisherite

Formula: K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

Localities:

Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Fluorapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃F

Localities:

Titignano, Orvieto, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K)

Formula: KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(F,OH) · 8H₂O

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Carlo Cassinelli infrared spectrum (unpublished data)

ⓘ 'Fluorapophyllite-(K) - Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) Series'

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Meli, R. (1997) Giacimenti da non dimenticare: i minerali delle vulcaniti di San Venanzo (Terni). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 21, 3 (3-1997), 269-275

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF₂

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Fluorophlogopite

Formula: KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Description: The mineral classified as phlogopite or fluorian phlogopite by the authors before the institution of the species fluorophlogopite (2006) has been reclassified as fluorophlogopite.

References:

Mittempergher, M. (1965) Vulcanismo e petrogenesi nella zona di San Venanzo (Umbria). Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, serie A, 72, 437-479

Cingolani, G. (1974) Eccezionali cristalli di kalsilite a S. Venanzo (Umbria) Notizie del Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, 5, 3 (settembre 1974), 66-67

De Michele, V. (1974) Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini.

Cundari, A., Ferguson, A. K. (1991) Petrogenetic relationships between melilitite and lamproite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107 (3) 343-357 doi:10.1007/bf00325103

Cruciani, Giuseppe, Zanazzi, Pier Francesco (1994) Cation partitioning and substitution mechanisms in 1M phlogopite: A crystal chemical study. American Mineralogist, 79 (3-4) 289-301

Meli, R. (1997) Giacimenti da non dimenticare: i minerali delle vulcaniti di San Venanzo (Terni). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 21, 3 (3-1997), 269-275

ⓘ Forsterite

Formula: Mg₂SiO₄

Localities:

Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
San Venanzo Volcano, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

Locality: Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Stoppa, F. & Villa, I. 1991. Prima dati cronologici del distretto ultra-alcalino umbro-laziale. Paper presented at the Riassunti Workshop. Evoluzione dei bacini neogenici e loro rapporti con il magmatismo Plio-Quaternario nell'area tosco-laziale, 12-13 June, Pisa, Italy.

Lupini, L., Williams, C. T., & Woolley, A. R. (1992). Zr-rich garnet and Zr-and Th-rich perovskite from the Polino carbonatite, Italy. Mineralogical Magazine, 56(385), 581-586.

Stoppa, F., Lupini, L. (1993) Mineralogy and petrology of the Polino Monticellite Calciocarbonatite (Central Italy) Mineralogy and Petrology, 49 (3) 213-231 doi:10.1007/bf01164595

Rosatelli, G., Wall, F., Stoppa, F., Brilli, M. (2010) Geochemical distinctions between igneous carbonate, calcite cements, and limestone xenoliths (Polino carbonatite, Italy): spatially resolved LAICPMS analyses. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 160 (5) 645-661 doi:10.1007/s00410-010-0499-x

ⓘ 'Garnet Group var. Titanium-bearing Garnet'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

Locality: Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Lupini, L., Williams, C. T., & Woolley, A. R. (1992). Zr-rich garnet and Zr-and Th-rich perovskite from the Polino carbonatite, Italy. Mineralogical Magazine, 56(385), 581-586.

Stoppa, F., Lupini, L. (1993) Mineralogy and petrology of the Polino Monticellite Calciocarbonatite (Central Italy) Mineralogy and Petrology, 49 (3) 213-231 doi:10.1007/bf01164595

ⓘ 'Gismondine Subgroup'

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Bortolozzi, Giorgio (n.d.) Personal Communication.

ⓘ 'Glass'

Localities:

San Venanzo Volcano, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Collescipoli meteorite, Terni, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Titignano, Orvieto, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Götzenite

Formula: NaCa₆Ti(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Sabatini, V. (1899). I vulcani di San Venanzo. Riv Miner Cristal It, 22, 3-12.

Cundari, A., Ferguson, A. K. (1991) Petrogenetic relationships between melilitite and lamproite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107 (3) 343-357 doi:10.1007/bf00325103

Stoppa, Francesco, Liu, Yu (1995) Chemical composition and petrogenetic implications of apatites from some ultra-alkaline Italian rocks. European Journal of Mineralogy, 7 (2) 391-402 doi:10.1127/ejm/7/2/0391

Stoppa, F. (1996). The San Venanzo maar and tuff ring, Umbria, Italy: eruptive behaviour of a carbonatite-melilitite volcano. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57(7), 563-577.

Stoppa, F., Rukhlov, A. S., Bell, K., Schiazza, M., & Vichi, G. (2014). Lamprophyres of Italy: early Cretaceous alkaline lamprophyres of southern Tuscany, Italy. Lithos, 188, 97-112.

ⓘ Günterblassite

Formula: (K,Ca,Ba)₂(Fe,Ca,Mg,Na)[(Si,Al)₁₃O₂₅(OH)₄] · 7H₂O ·

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Gypsum

Formula: CaSO₄ · 2H₂O

Localities:

Parrano Gorge Caves (Tane del Diavolo), Parrano, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Pozzi della Piana Cave, Orvieto, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Hillesheimite

Formula: (K,Ca,Ba,◻)₂(Mg,Fe,Ca,◻)₂[(Si,Al )₁₃O₂₃(OH)₆](OH) · 8H₂O

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Hiortdahlite

Formula: Na₂Ca₄(Ca_0.5Zr_0.5)Zr(Si₂O₇)2OF₃

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Description: - Hiortdahlite-1 - Solid solutions between monoclinic cuspidine and pseudo-monoclinic hiortdahlite-2.

References:

V. V. Sharygin et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1199-1212.

ⓘ Hydrodelhayelite

Formula: KCa₂AlSi₇O₁₇(OH)₂ · 6H₂O

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)

Formula: KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Carlo Cassinelli infrared spectrum (unpublished data)

ⓘ Hydroxylapatite

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)

Locality: Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Cingolani, G. (1974) Eccezionali cristalli di kalsilite a S. Venanzo (Umbria) Notizie del Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, 5, 3 (settembre 1974), 66-67

ⓘ Kalsilite

Formula: KAlSiO₄

Localities:

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
San Venanzo Volcano, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

Locality: San Venanzo Volcano, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Khibinskite

Formula: K₂ZrSi₂O₇

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Kirschsteinite

Formula: CaFe²⁺SiO₄

Localities:

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Larnite

Formula: Ca₂SiO₄

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Leucite

Formula: K(AlSi₂O₆)

Localities:

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
San Venanzo Volcano, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Titignano, Orvieto, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Ludwigite ?

Formula: Mg₂Fe³⁺(BO₃)O₂

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Description: Attribution based on the external appearance only, not analysed. Very probably misidentified.

References:

Meli R. (1997) - Giacimenti da non dimenticare: i minerali della vulcaniti di San Venanzo (Terni). Riv. Miner. Ital. 3, pag. 269-275

ⓘ Macdonaldite ?

Formula: BaCa₄Si₁₆O₃₆(OH)₂ · 10H₂O

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Sabatini, V. (1899). I vulcani di San Venanzo. Riv Miner Cristal It, 22, 3-12.

Cundari, A., Ferguson, A. K. (1991) Petrogenetic relationships between melilitite and lamproite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107 (3) 343-357 doi:10.1007/bf00325103

Stoppa, F. (1996). The San Venanzo maar and tuff ring, Umbria, Italy: eruptive behaviour of a carbonatite-melilitite volcano. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57(7), 563-577.

Stoppa, F., Rukhlov, A. S., Bell, K., Schiazza, M., & Vichi, G. (2014). Lamprophyres of Italy: early Cretaceous alkaline lamprophyres of southern Tuscany, Italy. Lithos, 188, 97-112.

ⓘ Magnesioferrite

Formula: MgFe³⁺₂O₄

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Sharygin probeb

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

Localities:

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Titignano, Orvieto, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Collescipoli meteorite, Terni, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄

Localities:

Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides'

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Bortolozzi, Giorgio (n.d.) Personal Communication.

ⓘ 'Melilite Group'

Formula: Ca₂M(XSiO₇)

Localities:

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
San Venanzo Volcano, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Monticellite

Formula: CaMgSiO₄

Localities:

Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Native Iron

Formula: Fe

Locality: Collescipoli meteorite, Terni, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Nozette, S. (1979) Collescipoli - an unusual fusion crust glass. Meteoritics, 14, Sept. 30, 273-281.

ⓘ Native Iron var. Kamacite

Formula: (Fe,Ni)

Locality: Collescipoli meteorite, Terni, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Nozette, S. (1979) Collescipoli - an unusual fusion crust glass. Meteoritics, 14, Sept. 30, 273-281.

ⓘ Nepheline

Formula: Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

V. V. Sharygin et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 1199-1212.

Meli, R. (1997) Giacimenti da non dimenticare: i minerali delle vulcaniti di San Venanzo (Terni). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 21, 3 (3-1997), 269-275

ⓘ Olgite

Formula: (Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)₂Na(PO₄)₂

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ 'Olivine Group'

Formula: M₂SiO₄

Localities:

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Titignano, Orvieto, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
San Venanzo Volcano, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Collescipoli meteorite, Terni, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Opal

Formula: SiO₂ · nH₂O

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Bortolozzi, Giorgio (n.d.) Personal Communication.

ⓘ Panunzite

Formula: (K,Na)AlSiO₄

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Ciriotti, M.E., Fascio, L., Pasero, M. (2004): Italian Type Minerals. Felici, Ed. Pisa, CD-ROM

ⓘ Pentlandite

Formula: (Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Perovskite

Formula: CaTiO₃

Localities:

Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca

Formula: Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂ · 12H₂O

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Description: Simply indicated as phillipsite in the works published prior to 1998.

References:

Del Caldo, A.; Moro, C.; Gramaccioli, C.M.; Boscardin, M. (1973) Guida ai minerali. Fratelli Fabbri Editori. 208 pp.

Cingolani, G. (1974) Eccezionali cristalli di kalsilite a S. Venanzo (Umbria) Notizie del Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, 5, 3 (settembre 1974), 66-67

De Michele, V. (1974) Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini.

Meli, R. (1997) Giacimenti da non dimenticare: i minerali delle vulcaniti di San Venanzo (Terni). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 21, 3 (3-1997), 269-275

ⓘ Phlogopite

Formula: KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

Localities:

Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
San Venanzo Volcano, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Titignano, Orvieto, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

Locality: Titignano, Orvieto, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Bortolozzi, Giorgio (n.d.) Personal Communication.

ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'

Formula: ADSi₂O₆

Locality: Collescipoli meteorite, Terni, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Nozette, S. (1979) Collescipoli - an unusual fusion crust glass. Meteoritics, 14, Sept. 30, 273-281.

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Sabatini, V. (1899). I vulcani di San Venanzo. Riv Miner Cristal It, 22, 3-12.

Cundari, A., Ferguson, A. K. (1991) Petrogenetic relationships between melilitite and lamproite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107 (3) 343-357 doi:10.1007/bf00325103

Stoppa, F. (1996). The San Venanzo maar and tuff ring, Umbria, Italy: eruptive behaviour of a carbonatite-melilitite volcano. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57(7), 563-577.

Stoppa, F., Rukhlov, A. S., Bell, K., Schiazza, M., & Vichi, G. (2014). Lamprophyres of Italy: early Cretaceous alkaline lamprophyres of southern Tuscany, Italy. Lithos, 188, 97-112.

ⓘ Rhodesite

Formula: KHCa₂Si₈O₁₉ · 5H₂O

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Sanidine

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

Localities:

Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Titignano, Orvieto, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Schorlomite

Formula: Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂

Locality: Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Lupini, L., Williams, C. T., Woolley, A. R. (1992) Zr-rich garnet and Zr- and Th-rich perovskite from the Polino carbonatite, Italy. Mineralogical Magazine, 56 (385) 581-586 doi:10.1180/minmag.1992.056.385.14

Lupini, L., Williams, C. T., & Woolley, A. R. (1992). Zr-rich garnet and Zr-and Th-rich perovskite from the Polino carbonatite, Italy. Mineralogical Magazine, 56(385), 581-586.

Stoppa, F., Lupini, L. (1993) Mineralogy and petrology of the Polino Monticellite Calciocarbonatite (Central Italy) Mineralogy and Petrology, 49 (3) 213-231 doi:10.1007/bf01164595

ⓘ Spinel

Formula: MgAl₂O₄

Localities:

Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
San Venanzo Volcano, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Collescipoli meteorite, Terni, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy
Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

ⓘ Thaumasite

Formula: Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

X-Ray diffraction at Padova University

ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca

Formula: NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ 'Thomsonite Subgroup'

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTi(SiO₄)O

Locality: Polino, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Lupini, L., Williams, C. T., & Woolley, A. R. (1992). Zr-rich garnet and Zr-and Th-rich perovskite from the Polino carbonatite, Italy. Mineralogical Magazine, 56(385), 581-586.

Stoppa, F., Lupini, L. (1993) Mineralogy and petrology of the Polino Monticellite Calciocarbonatite (Central Italy) Mineralogy and Petrology, 49 (3) 213-231 doi:10.1007/bf01164595

ⓘ Troilite

Formula: FeS

Locality: Collescipoli meteorite, Terni, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Nozette, S. (1979) Collescipoli - an unusual fusion crust glass. Meteoritics, 14, Sept. 30, 273-281.

ⓘ Ulvöspinel

Formula: TiFe²⁺₂O₄

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Sabatini, V. (1899). I vulcani di San Venanzo. Riv Miner Cristal It, 22, 3-12.

Cundari, A., Ferguson, A. K. (1991) Petrogenetic relationships between melilitite and lamproite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107 (3) 343-357 doi:10.1007/bf00325103

Stoppa, F. (1996). The San Venanzo maar and tuff ring, Umbria, Italy: eruptive behaviour of a carbonatite-melilitite volcano. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57(7), 563-577.

Stoppa, F., Rukhlov, A. S., Bell, K., Schiazza, M., & Vichi, G. (2014). Lamprophyres of Italy: early Cretaceous alkaline lamprophyres of southern Tuscany, Italy. Lithos, 188, 97-112.

ⓘ Umbrianite (TL)

Formula: K₇Na₂Ca₂[Al₃Si₁₀O₂₉]F₂Cl₂

Type Locality:

References:

ⓘ Vanadinite

Formula: Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

ⓘ Westerveldite ?

Formula: (Fe,Ni,Co)As

Locality: Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

References:

Sabatini, V. (1899). I vulcani di San Venanzo. Riv Miner Cristal It, 22, 3-12.

Cundari, A., Ferguson, A. K. (1991) Petrogenetic relationships between melilitite and lamproite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 107 (3) 343-357 doi:10.1007/bf00325103

Stoppa, F. (1996). The San Venanzo maar and tuff ring, Umbria, Italy: eruptive behaviour of a carbonatite-melilitite volcano. Bulletin of Volcanology, 57(7), 563-577.

Stoppa, F., Rukhlov, A. S., Bell, K., Schiazza, M., & Vichi, G. (2014). Lamprophyres of Italy: early Cretaceous alkaline lamprophyres of southern Tuscany, Italy. Lithos, 188, 97-112.

ⓘ Willhendersonite (TL)

Formula: KCa[Al₃Si₃O₁₂] · 5H₂O

Type Locality:

Habit: twinned aggregates with crystals in three different orientations, each with faces approximately perpendicular to each other.

Colour: white

Description: twinned aggregates of white crystals up to about 3 mm. Willhendersonite is often intergrown with radiating sprays of colorless phillipsite. Found with and formed after them are colorless spheres of thomsonite and white frosted but translucent anhedral apophyllite. Some specimens grow in vugs lined or partially lined with well-formed crystals of brown phlogopite.

References:

Meli, R. (1997) Giacimenti da non dimenticare: i minerali delle vulcaniti di San Venanzo (Terni). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 21, 3 (3-1997), 269-275

Gallery:

NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆ⓘ Aegirine

Aegirine, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Aegirine, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Aegirine, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂ⓘ Fluorophlogopite

Fluorophlogopite

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Fluorophlogopite

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Fluorophlogopite

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

SiO₂ · nH₂Oⓘ Opal

Opal, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Opal, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Opal, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Fe_1-xSⓘ Pyrrhotite

Pyrrhotite, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Pyrrhotite, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Pyrrhotite, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

K₇Na₂Ca₂[Al₃Si₁₀O₂₉]F₂Cl₂ ⓘ Umbrianite (TL)

Umbrianite, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Umbrianite, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Umbrianite, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Umbrianite, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Umbrianite, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Umbrianite, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Umbrianite, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Umbrianite, etc.

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Iron	1.AE.05	Fe
ⓘ	var. Kamacite	1.AE.05	(Fe,Ni)
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Pentlandite	2.BB.15	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Cubanite	2.CB.55a	CuFe₂S₃
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Troilite	2.CC.10	FeS
ⓘ	Westerveldite ?	2.CC.15	(Fe,Ni,Co)As
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Djerfisherite	2.FC.05	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
ⓘ	Bartonite	2.FC.10	K₆Fe₂₀S₂₆S
ⓘ	Chlorbartonite	2.FC.10	K₆Fe₂₄S₂₆(Cl,S)
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Fluorite	3.AB.25	CaF₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Chromite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Magnesioferrite	4.BB.05	MgFe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Spinel	4.BB.05	MgAl₂O₄
ⓘ	Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
ⓘ	Ulvöspinel	4.BB.05	TiFe²⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Perovskite	4.CC.30	CaTiO₃
ⓘ	Opal	4.DA.10	SiO₂ · nH₂O
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Aragonite	5.AB.15	CaCO₃
Group 6 - Borates
ⓘ	Ludwigite ?	6.AB.30	Mg₂Fe³⁺(BO₃)O₂
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Gypsum	7.CD.40	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
ⓘ	Thaumasite	7.DG.15	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Olgite	8.AC.40	(Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)₂Na(PO₄)₂
ⓘ	Bario-olgite	8.AC.40	(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)₂Na(PO₄)₂ ·
ⓘ	Fluorapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
ⓘ	Hydroxylapatite	8.BN.05	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Vanadinite	8.BN.05	Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Forsterite	9.AC.05	Mg₂SiO₄
ⓘ	Kirschsteinite	9.AC.05	CaFe²⁺SiO₄
ⓘ	Monticellite	9.AC.10	CaMgSiO₄
ⓘ	Larnite	9.AD.05	Ca₂SiO₄
ⓘ	Schorlomite	9.AD.25	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTi(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Åkermanite	9.BB.10	Ca₂Mg[Si₂O₇]
ⓘ	Khibinskite	9.BC.10	K₂ZrSi₂O₇
ⓘ	Cuspidine	9.BE.17	Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄
ⓘ	Hiortdahlite	9.BE.17	Na₂Ca₄(Ca_0.5Zr_0.5)Zr(Si₂O₇)2OF₃
ⓘ	Götzenite	9.BE.22	NaCa₆Ti(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃
ⓘ	Bafertisite	9.BE.55	Ba₂Fe²⁺₄Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F₂
ⓘ	Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	var. Salite	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Aegirine	9.DA.25	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Arfvedsonite	9.DE.25	[Na][Na₂][Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Aenigmatite	9.DH.40	Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
ⓘ	Fluorapophyllite-(K)	9.EA.15	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(F,OH) · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	9.EA.15	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Macdonaldite ?	9.EB.05	BaCa₄Si₁₆O₃₆(OH)₂ · 10H₂O
ⓘ	Rhodesite	9.EB.05	KHCa₂Si₈O₁₉ · 5H₂O
ⓘ	Delhayelite	9.EB.10	(Na,K)₁₀Ca₅Al₆Si₃₂O₈₀(Cl₂,F₂,SO₄)₃ · 18H₂O
ⓘ	Hydrodelhayelite	9.EB.10	KCa₂AlSi₇O₁₇(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
ⓘ	Günterblassite	9.EB.25	(K,Ca,Ba)₂(Fe,Ca,Mg,Na)[(Si,Al)₁₃O₂₅(OH)₄] · 7H₂O ·
ⓘ	Umbrianite (TL)	9.EB.25	K₇Na₂Ca₂[Al₃Si₁₀O₂₉]F₂Cl₂
ⓘ	Hillesheimite	9.EB.25	(K,Ca,Ba,◻)₂(Mg,Fe,Ca,◻)₂[(Si,Al )₁₃O₂₃(OH)₆](OH) · 8H₂O
ⓘ	Phlogopite	9.EC.20	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Fluorophlogopite	9.EC.20	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
ⓘ	Kalsilite	9.FA.05	KAlSiO₄
ⓘ	Nepheline	9.FA.05	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
ⓘ	Panunzite	9.FA.05	(K,Na)AlSiO₄
ⓘ	Sanidine	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Thomsonite-Ca	9.GA.10	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
ⓘ	Analcime	9.GB.05	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
ⓘ	Leucite	9.GB.05	K(AlSi₂O₆)
ⓘ	Phillipsite-Ca	9.GC.10	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂ · 12H₂O
ⓘ	Willhendersonite (TL)	9.GD.10	KCa[Al₃Si₃O₁₂] · 5H₂O
ⓘ	Chabazite-Ca	9.GD.10	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Group 10 - Organic Compounds
ⓘ	Branchite	10.BA.10	C₂₀H₃₄
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Alkali Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Fluorapophyllite-(K) - Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) Series'	-
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Pyroxene Group'	-	ADSi₂O₆
ⓘ	'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'	-
ⓘ	'Garnet Group'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	'Gismondine Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Glass'	-
ⓘ	'Manganese Oxides'	-
ⓘ	'Thomsonite Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ	'Olivine Group'	-	M₂SiO₄
ⓘ	'Melilite Group'	-	Ca₂M(XSiO₇)
ⓘ	'Bafertisite Group'	-	A^PD^PM^O₄M^H₂(Si₂O₇)₂(X^O_M)₂(X^O_A)₂X^P_M
ⓘ	'Garnet Group var. Titanium-bearing Garnet'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Bafertisite	Ba₂Fe₄²⁺Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F₂
H	ⓘ Delhayelite	(Na,K)₁₀Ca₅Al₆Si₃₂O₈₀(Cl₂,F₂,SO₄)₃ · 18H₂O
H	ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(F,OH) · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Hydrodelhayelite	KCa₂AlSi₇O₁₇(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Macdonaldite	BaCa₄Si₁₆O₃₆(OH)₂ · 10H₂O
H	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Rhodesite	KHCa₂Si₈O₁₉ · 5H₂O
H	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
H	ⓘ Willhendersonite	KCa[Al₃Si₃O₁₂] · 5H₂O
H	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂ · 12H₂O
H	ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) - Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) Series
H	ⓘ Branchite	C₂₀H₃₄
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
H	ⓘ Günterblassite	(K,Ca,Ba)₂(Fe,Ca,Mg,Na)[(Si,Al)₁₃O₂₅(OH)₄] · 7H₂O ·
H	ⓘ Hillesheimite	(K,Ca,Ba,◻)₂(Mg,Fe,Ca,◻)₂[(Si,Al )₁₃O₂₃(OH)₆](OH) · 8H₂O
H	ⓘ Bafertisite Group	A^PD^PM₄^OM₂^H(Si₂O₇)₂(X_M^O)₂(X_A^O)₂X_M^P
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Ludwigite	Mg₂Fe³⁺(BO₃)O₂
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
C	ⓘ Branchite	C₂₀H₃₄
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
O	ⓘ Åkermanite	Ca₂Mg[Si₂O₇]
O	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Bafertisite	Ba₂Fe₄²⁺Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F₂
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Cuspidine	Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄
O	ⓘ Delhayelite	(Na,K)₁₀Ca₅Al₆Si₃₂O₈₀(Cl₂,F₂,SO₄)₃ · 18H₂O
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
O	ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(F,OH) · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
O	ⓘ Götzenite	NaCa₆Ti(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃
O	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Hiortdahlite	Na₂Ca₄(Ca_0.5Zr_0.5)Zr(Si₂O₇)2OF₃
O	ⓘ Hydrodelhayelite	KCa₂AlSi₇O₁₇(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Kalsilite	KAlSiO₄
O	ⓘ Khibinskite	K₂ZrSi₂O₇
O	ⓘ Kirschsteinite	CaFe²⁺SiO₄
O	ⓘ Larnite	Ca₂SiO₄
O	ⓘ Ludwigite	Mg₂Fe³⁺(BO₃)O₂
O	ⓘ Leucite	K(AlSi₂O₆)
O	ⓘ Magnesioferrite	MgFe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Macdonaldite	BaCa₄Si₁₆O₃₆(OH)₂ · 10H₂O
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Monticellite	CaMgSiO₄
O	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
O	ⓘ Olgite	(Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)₂Na(PO₄)₂
O	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Panunzite	(K,Na)AlSiO₄
O	ⓘ Perovskite	CaTiO₃
O	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Rhodesite	KHCa₂Si₈O₁₉ · 5H₂O
O	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
O	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
O	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
O	ⓘ Ulvöspinel	TiFe₂²⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Vanadinite	Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl
O	ⓘ Willhendersonite	KCa[Al₃Si₃O₁₂] · 5H₂O
O	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂ · 12H₂O
O	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
O	ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) - Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) Series
O	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Diopside var. Salite	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Bario-olgite	(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)₂Na(PO₄)₂ ·
O	ⓘ Fluorophlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
O	ⓘ Olivine Group	M₂SiO₄
O	ⓘ Melilite Group	Ca₂M(XSiO₇)
O	ⓘ Günterblassite	(K,Ca,Ba)₂(Fe,Ca,Mg,Na)[(Si,Al)₁₃O₂₅(OH)₄] · 7H₂O ·
O	ⓘ Umbrianite	K₇Na₂Ca₂[Al₃Si₁₀O₂₉]F₂Cl₂
O	ⓘ Hillesheimite	(K,Ca,Ba,◻)₂(Mg,Fe,Ca,◻)₂[(Si,Al )₁₃O₂₃(OH)₆](OH) · 8H₂O
O	ⓘ Bafertisite Group	A^PD^PM₄^OM₂^H(Si₂O₇)₂(X_M^O)₂(X_A^O)₂X_M^P
O	ⓘ Garnet Group var. Titanium-bearing Garnet	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Bafertisite	Ba₂Fe₄²⁺Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F₂
F	ⓘ Cuspidine	Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄
F	ⓘ Delhayelite	(Na,K)₁₀Ca₅Al₆Si₃₂O₈₀(Cl₂,F₂,SO₄)₃ · 18H₂O
F	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
F	ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(F,OH) · 8H₂O
F	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
F	ⓘ Götzenite	NaCa₆Ti(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃
F	ⓘ Hiortdahlite	Na₂Ca₄(Ca_0.5Zr_0.5)Zr(Si₂O₇)2OF₃
F	ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
F	ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) - Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) Series
F	ⓘ Fluorophlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
F	ⓘ Umbrianite	K₇Na₂Ca₂[Al₃Si₁₀O₂₉]F₂Cl₂
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Na	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Na	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Delhayelite	(Na,K)₁₀Ca₅Al₆Si₃₂O₈₀(Cl₂,F₂,SO₄)₃ · 18H₂O
Na	ⓘ Götzenite	NaCa₆Ti(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃
Na	ⓘ Hiortdahlite	Na₂Ca₄(Ca_0.5Zr_0.5)Zr(Si₂O₇)2OF₃
Na	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Na	ⓘ Olgite	(Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)₂Na(PO₄)₂
Na	ⓘ Panunzite	(K,Na)AlSiO₄
Na	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
Na	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Na	ⓘ Bario-olgite	(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)₂Na(PO₄)₂ ·
Na	ⓘ Günterblassite	(K,Ca,Ba)₂(Fe,Ca,Mg,Na)[(Si,Al)₁₃O₂₅(OH)₄] · 7H₂O ·
Na	ⓘ Umbrianite	K₇Na₂Ca₂[Al₃Si₁₀O₂₉]F₂Cl₂
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Åkermanite	Ca₂Mg[Si₂O₇]
Mg	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
Mg	ⓘ Ludwigite	Mg₂Fe³⁺(BO₃)O₂
Mg	ⓘ Magnesioferrite	MgFe₂³⁺O₄
Mg	ⓘ Monticellite	CaMgSiO₄
Mg	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Mg	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mg	ⓘ Diopside var. Salite	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Fluorophlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
Mg	ⓘ Günterblassite	(K,Ca,Ba)₂(Fe,Ca,Mg,Na)[(Si,Al)₁₃O₂₅(OH)₄] · 7H₂O ·
Mg	ⓘ Hillesheimite	(K,Ca,Ba,◻)₂(Mg,Fe,Ca,◻)₂[(Si,Al )₁₃O₂₃(OH)₆](OH) · 8H₂O
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Al	ⓘ Delhayelite	(Na,K)₁₀Ca₅Al₆Si₃₂O₈₀(Cl₂,F₂,SO₄)₃ · 18H₂O
Al	ⓘ Hydrodelhayelite	KCa₂AlSi₇O₁₇(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
Al	ⓘ Kalsilite	KAlSiO₄
Al	ⓘ Leucite	K(AlSi₂O₆)
Al	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Al	ⓘ Panunzite	(K,Na)AlSiO₄
Al	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
Al	ⓘ Willhendersonite	KCa[Al₃Si₃O₁₂] · 5H₂O
Al	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Al	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂ · 12H₂O
Al	ⓘ Fluorophlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
Al	ⓘ Günterblassite	(K,Ca,Ba)₂(Fe,Ca,Mg,Na)[(Si,Al)₁₃O₂₅(OH)₄] · 7H₂O ·
Al	ⓘ Umbrianite	K₇Na₂Ca₂[Al₃Si₁₀O₂₉]F₂Cl₂
Al	ⓘ Hillesheimite	(K,Ca,Ba,◻)₂(Mg,Fe,Ca,◻)₂[(Si,Al )₁₃O₂₃(OH)₆](OH) · 8H₂O
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Si	ⓘ Åkermanite	Ca₂Mg[Si₂O₇]
Si	ⓘ Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Bafertisite	Ba₂Fe₄²⁺Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F₂
Si	ⓘ Cuspidine	Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄
Si	ⓘ Delhayelite	(Na,K)₁₀Ca₅Al₆Si₃₂O₈₀(Cl₂,F₂,SO₄)₃ · 18H₂O
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(F,OH) · 8H₂O
Si	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Götzenite	NaCa₆Ti(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃
Si	ⓘ Hiortdahlite	Na₂Ca₄(Ca_0.5Zr_0.5)Zr(Si₂O₇)2OF₃
Si	ⓘ Hydrodelhayelite	KCa₂AlSi₇O₁₇(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
Si	ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
Si	ⓘ Kalsilite	KAlSiO₄
Si	ⓘ Khibinskite	K₂ZrSi₂O₇
Si	ⓘ Kirschsteinite	CaFe²⁺SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Larnite	Ca₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Leucite	K(AlSi₂O₆)
Si	ⓘ Macdonaldite	BaCa₄Si₁₆O₃₆(OH)₂ · 10H₂O
Si	ⓘ Monticellite	CaMgSiO₄
Si	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Si	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Panunzite	(K,Na)AlSiO₄
Si	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Rhodesite	KHCa₂Si₈O₁₉ · 5H₂O
Si	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
Si	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Willhendersonite	KCa[Al₃Si₃O₁₂] · 5H₂O
Si	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂ · 12H₂O
Si	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Si	ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) - Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) Series
Si	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Diopside var. Salite	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Fluorophlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
Si	ⓘ Olivine Group	M₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Melilite Group	Ca₂M(XSiO₇)
Si	ⓘ Günterblassite	(K,Ca,Ba)₂(Fe,Ca,Mg,Na)[(Si,Al)₁₃O₂₅(OH)₄] · 7H₂O ·
Si	ⓘ Umbrianite	K₇Na₂Ca₂[Al₃Si₁₀O₂₉]F₂Cl₂
Si	ⓘ Hillesheimite	(K,Ca,Ba,◻)₂(Mg,Fe,Ca,◻)₂[(Si,Al )₁₃O₂₃(OH)₆](OH) · 8H₂O
Si	ⓘ Bafertisite Group	A^PD^PM₄^OM₂^H(Si₂O₇)₂(X_M^O)₂(X_A^O)₂X_M^P
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group var. Titanium-bearing Garnet	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
P	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
P	ⓘ Olgite	(Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)₂Na(PO₄)₂
P	ⓘ Bario-olgite	(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)₂Na(PO₄)₂ ·
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
P	ⓘ Bafertisite Group	A^PD^PM₄^OM₂^H(Si₂O₇)₂(X_M^O)₂(X_A^O)₂X_M^P
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Bartonite	K₆Fe₂₀S₂₆S
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
S	ⓘ Delhayelite	(Na,K)₁₀Ca₅Al₆Si₃₂O₈₀(Cl₂,F₂,SO₄)₃ · 18H₂O
S	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
S	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
S	ⓘ Troilite	FeS
S	ⓘ Chlorbartonite	K₆Fe₂₄S₂₆(Cl,S)
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Delhayelite	(Na,K)₁₀Ca₅Al₆Si₃₂O₈₀(Cl₂,F₂,SO₄)₃ · 18H₂O
Cl	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Cl	ⓘ Vanadinite	Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl
Cl	ⓘ Chlorbartonite	K₆Fe₂₄S₂₆(Cl,S)
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Cl	ⓘ Umbrianite	K₇Na₂Ca₂[Al₃Si₁₀O₂₉]F₂Cl₂
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Bartonite	K₆Fe₂₀S₂₆S
K	ⓘ Delhayelite	(Na,K)₁₀Ca₅Al₆Si₃₂O₈₀(Cl₂,F₂,SO₄)₃ · 18H₂O
K	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
K	ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(F,OH) · 8H₂O
K	ⓘ Hydrodelhayelite	KCa₂AlSi₇O₁₇(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
K	ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
K	ⓘ Kalsilite	KAlSiO₄
K	ⓘ Khibinskite	K₂ZrSi₂O₇
K	ⓘ Leucite	K(AlSi₂O₆)
K	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
K	ⓘ Panunzite	(K,Na)AlSiO₄
K	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Rhodesite	KHCa₂Si₈O₁₉ · 5H₂O
K	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Willhendersonite	KCa[Al₃Si₃O₁₂] · 5H₂O
K	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
K	ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) - Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) Series
K	ⓘ Chlorbartonite	K₆Fe₂₄S₂₆(Cl,S)
K	ⓘ Fluorophlogopite	KMg₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀F₂
K	ⓘ Günterblassite	(K,Ca,Ba)₂(Fe,Ca,Mg,Na)[(Si,Al)₁₃O₂₅(OH)₄] · 7H₂O ·
K	ⓘ Umbrianite	K₇Na₂Ca₂[Al₃Si₁₀O₂₉]F₂Cl₂
K	ⓘ Hillesheimite	(K,Ca,Ba,◻)₂(Mg,Fe,Ca,◻)₂[(Si,Al )₁₃O₂₃(OH)₆](OH) · 8H₂O
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Åkermanite	Ca₂Mg[Si₂O₇]
Ca	ⓘ Aragonite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Cuspidine	Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄
Ca	ⓘ Delhayelite	(Na,K)₁₀Ca₅Al₆Si₃₂O₈₀(Cl₂,F₂,SO₄)₃ · 18H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Ca	ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(F,OH) · 8H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
Ca	ⓘ Götzenite	NaCa₆Ti(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃
Ca	ⓘ Gypsum	CaSO₄ · 2H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Hiortdahlite	Na₂Ca₄(Ca_0.5Zr_0.5)Zr(Si₂O₇)2OF₃
Ca	ⓘ Hydrodelhayelite	KCa₂AlSi₇O₁₇(OH)₂ · 6H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)	KCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)(OH,F) · 8H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Hydroxylapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)
Ca	ⓘ Kirschsteinite	CaFe²⁺SiO₄
Ca	ⓘ Larnite	Ca₂SiO₄
Ca	ⓘ Macdonaldite	BaCa₄Si₁₆O₃₆(OH)₂ · 10H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Monticellite	CaMgSiO₄
Ca	ⓘ Perovskite	CaTiO₃
Ca	ⓘ Rhodesite	KHCa₂Si₈O₁₉ · 5H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
Ca	ⓘ Thaumasite	Ca₃(SO₄)[Si(OH)₆](CO₃) · 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ca	ⓘ Willhendersonite	KCa[Al₃Si₃O₁₂] · 5H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Phillipsite-Ca	Ca₃(Si₁₀Al₆)O₃₂ · 12H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) - Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) Series
Ca	ⓘ Diopside var. Salite	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ca	ⓘ Melilite Group	Ca₂M(XSiO₇)
Ca	ⓘ Günterblassite	(K,Ca,Ba)₂(Fe,Ca,Mg,Na)[(Si,Al)₁₃O₂₅(OH)₄] · 7H₂O ·
Ca	ⓘ Umbrianite	K₇Na₂Ca₂[Al₃Si₁₀O₂₉]F₂Cl₂
Ca	ⓘ Hillesheimite	(K,Ca,Ba,◻)₂(Mg,Fe,Ca,◻)₂[(Si,Al )₁₃O₂₃(OH)₆](OH) · 8H₂O
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Ti	ⓘ Bafertisite	Ba₂Fe₄²⁺Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F₂
Ti	ⓘ Götzenite	NaCa₆Ti(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Perovskite	CaTiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ti	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Ti	ⓘ Ulvöspinel	TiFe₂²⁺O₄
V	Vanadium
V	ⓘ Vanadinite	Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl
Cr	Chromium
Cr	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Fe	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Bafertisite	Ba₂Fe₄²⁺Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F₂
Fe	ⓘ Bartonite	K₆Fe₂₀S₂₆S
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Fe	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Native Iron	Fe
Fe	ⓘ Native Iron var. Kamacite	(Fe,Ni)
Fe	ⓘ Kirschsteinite	CaFe²⁺SiO₄
Fe	ⓘ Ludwigite	Mg₂Fe³⁺(BO₃)O₂
Fe	ⓘ Magnesioferrite	MgFe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Schorlomite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Troilite	FeS
Fe	ⓘ Ulvöspinel	TiFe₂²⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Westerveldite	(Fe,Ni,Co)As
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Fe	ⓘ Chlorbartonite	K₆Fe₂₄S₂₆(Cl,S)
Fe	ⓘ Günterblassite	(K,Ca,Ba)₂(Fe,Ca,Mg,Na)[(Si,Al)₁₃O₂₅(OH)₄] · 7H₂O ·
Fe	ⓘ Hillesheimite	(K,Ca,Ba,◻)₂(Mg,Fe,Ca,◻)₂[(Si,Al )₁₃O₂₃(OH)₆](OH) · 8H₂O
Co	Cobalt
Co	ⓘ Westerveldite	(Fe,Ni,Co)As
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Ni	ⓘ Native Iron var. Kamacite	(Fe,Ni)
Ni	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Ni	ⓘ Westerveldite	(Fe,Ni,Co)As
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Cu	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Westerveldite	(Fe,Ni,Co)As
Sr	Strontium
Sr	ⓘ Olgite	(Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)₂Na(PO₄)₂
Sr	ⓘ Bario-olgite	(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)₂Na(PO₄)₂ ·
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Hiortdahlite	Na₂Ca₄(Ca_0.5Zr_0.5)Zr(Si₂O₇)2OF₃
Zr	ⓘ Khibinskite	K₂ZrSi₂O₇
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Bafertisite	Ba₂Fe₄²⁺Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F₂
Ba	ⓘ Macdonaldite	BaCa₄Si₁₆O₃₆(OH)₂ · 10H₂O
Ba	ⓘ Olgite	(Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)₂Na(PO₄)₂
Ba	ⓘ Bario-olgite	(Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)₂Na(PO₄)₂ ·
Ba	ⓘ Günterblassite	(K,Ca,Ba)₂(Fe,Ca,Mg,Na)[(Si,Al)₁₃O₂₅(OH)₄] · 7H₂O ·
Ba	ⓘ Hillesheimite	(K,Ca,Ba,◻)₂(Mg,Fe,Ca,◻)₂[(Si,Al )₁₃O₂₃(OH)₆](OH) · 8H₂O
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Pb	ⓘ Vanadinite	Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Pleistocene : 0.265 ± 0.005 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic Time

Rocks, Minerals and Events

0.265 ± 0.005 Ma

Vispi Quarry, San Venanzo, Terni Province, Umbria, Italy

Fossils

There are 9 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences

415

Youngest Fossil Listed

0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)

Oldest Fossil Listed

191 Ma (Early Jurassic)

Stratigraphic Units

Unit	No. Occurrences	Age
Santa Maria di Ciciliano	128	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma (Cenozoic)
Rosso Ammonitico	1	145 - 140.2 Ma (Early/Lower Cretaceous)

Fossils from Region

Click here to show the list.

Accepted Name	Hierarchy	Age
Ammonia genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Ammoniidae : *Ammonia*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Asterigerinata genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Asterigerinatidae : *Asterigerinata*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Bannerella genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Textulariida : Eggerellidae : *Bannerella*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Bigenerina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Textulariida : Textulariidae : *Bigenerina*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Bolivina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Bolivinitidae : *Bolivina*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Bulimina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Buliminidae : *Bulimina*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Cancris genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Cancrisidae : *Cancris*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Elphidium genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Elphidiidae : *Elphidium*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Fursenkoina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Bolivinitidae : *Fursenkoina*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Globigerina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globigerinidae : *Globigerina*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Globorotalia genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globorotaliidae : *Globorotalia*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Gyroidina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Gavelinellidae : *Gyroidina*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Heterolepa genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Cibicididae : *Heterolepa*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Hyalinea genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Planulinidae : *Hyalinea*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Lenticulina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Vaginulinidae : *Lenticulina*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Lobatula genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Cibicididae : *Lobatula*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Marginulina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Vaginulinidae : *Marginulina*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Marginulinopsis genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Vaginulinidae : *Marginulinopsis*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Martinottiella genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Textulariida : Eggerellidae : *Martinottiella*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Melonis genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Melonidae : *Melonis*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Neogloboquadrina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globorotaliidae : *Neogloboquadrina*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Nonionella genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Nonionidae : *Nonionella*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Pullenia genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Nonionidae : *Pullenia*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Quinqueloculina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Tubothalamea : Miliolida : Hauerinidae : *Quinqueloculina*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Siphotextularia genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Textulariida : Textulariidae : *Siphotextularia*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Turborotalita genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globigerinidae : *Turborotalita*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Uvigerina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Uvigerinidae : *Uvigerina*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Vaginulina genus	Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Vaginulinidae : *Vaginulina*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Anthozoa class	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Dentalium genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Scaphopoda : Dentaliida : Dentaliidae : *Dentalium*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Discohelix genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Discohelicidae : *Discohelix*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Crossostoma genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Colloniidae : *Crossostoma*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Fischeriella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Fischeriella*	175.6 - 171.6 Ma Jurassic
Lepidotrochus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Pleurotomariida : Cirridae : *Lepidotrochus*	175.6 - 171.6 Ma Jurassic
Neridomus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cycloneritida : Neridomidae : *Neridomus*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Odoardia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Odoardia*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Palaeocollonia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Palaeocollonia*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Planicollonia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Turbinidae : *Planicollonia*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Proconulus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Proconulidae : *Proconulus*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Trochotomaria genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Pleurotomariida : Phymatopleuridae : *Trochotomaria*	170.3 - 168.3 Ma Middle Jurassic
Allocosmia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Zygopleuridae : *Allocosmia*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Turritella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : *Turritella*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Nassarius genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : *Nassarius*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Partschiceras genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Phylloceratidae : *Partschiceras*	170.3 - 168.3 Ma Middle Jurassic
Ptychophylloceras genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Phylloceratidae : *Ptychophylloceras*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Abbasites genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Hammatoceratidae : *Abbasites*	175.6 - 171.6 Ma Jurassic
Hammatoceras genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Hammatoceratidae : *Hammatoceras*	175.6 - 171.6 Ma Jurassic
Nannolytoceras genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Lytoceratidae : *Nannolytoceras*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Oppelia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Oppeliidae : *Oppelia*	170.3 - 168.3 Ma Middle Jurassic
Tmetoceras genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Hildoceratidae : *Tmetoceras*	175.6 - 171.6 Ma Jurassic
Nucula genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculanida : Nuculanidae : *Nucula*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Solemya genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Solemyida : Solemyidae : *Solemya*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Aequipecten genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : *Aequipecten*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Pecten genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : *Pecten*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Pinctada genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : *Pinctada*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Corbicula genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Cyrenidae : *Corbicula*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Glossus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Glossidae : *Glossus*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Lucinoma genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : *Lucinoma*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Megaxinus genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : *Megaxinus*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Aurila genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Hemicytheridae : *Aurila*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Bosquetina genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : *Bosquetina*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Costa genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : *Costa*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Cytheridea genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cytherideidae : *Cytheridea*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Echinocythereis genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : *Echinocythereis*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Henryhowella genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : *Henryhowella*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Krithe genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Krithidae : *Krithe*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Pterygocythereis genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : *Pterygocythereis*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Cytherella genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Platycopina : Cytherellidae : *Cytherella*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Echinodermata phylum	Animalia : Echinodermata	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Chondrichthyes class	Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Asteracanthus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Acrodontidae : *Asteracanthus*	182 - 175.6 Ma Early Jurassic
Osteichthyes unranked clade	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Cetacea order	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Balaenula genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Balaenidae : *Balaenula*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Trionyx genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : *Trionyx*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Mauremys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Geoemydidae : *Mauremys*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Accipitridae family	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Ciconiidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Ciconiiformes : Ciconiidae	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Homotherium genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : *Homotherium*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Baranogale genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Baranogale*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Canis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : *Canis*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Castor genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Castoridae : *Castor*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Mimomys genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : *Mimomys*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Oryctolagus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Leporidae : *Oryctolagus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Sus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : *Sus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Cervidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Axis genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae : *Axis*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Eucladoceros genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Cervidae : *Eucladoceros*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Bovoidea superfamily	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovoidea	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Bovidae family	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Leptobos genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : *Leptobos*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Odontoceti suborder	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Odontoceti	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Mysticeti suborder	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Mysticeti	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Mammuthus meridionalis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Mammuthus : *Mammuthus meridionalis*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Liriodendron genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Magnoliales : Magnoliaceae : *Liriodendron*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Prolagus genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Prolagidae : *Prolagus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Serpulidae family	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Alnus genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Betulaceae : *Alnus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Quercus genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Fagaceae : *Quercus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Magnolia genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Magnoliales : Magnoliaceae : *Magnolia*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Liquidambar genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Saxifragales : Altingiaceae : *Liquidambar*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Acer genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sapindales : Sapindaceae : *Acer*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Cornus genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Cornales : Cornaceae : *Cornus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Stephanorhinus etruscus species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Stephanorhinus : *Stephanorhinus etruscus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Sparganium genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Poales : Typhaceae : *Sparganium*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Pterocarya genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Juglandaceae : *Pterocarya*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Corylus genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Betulaceae : *Corylus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Carpolithes genus	Fungi : *Carpolithes*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Chenopodiaceae family	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Caryophyllales : Chenopodiaceae	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Polygonaceae family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Caryophyllales : Polygonaceae	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Azolla genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Polypodiopsida : Salviniales : Salviniaceae : *Azolla*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Juglans genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Fagales : Juglandaceae : *Juglans*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Zelkova genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Rosales : Ulmaceae : *Zelkova*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Pisidium genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Sphaeriida : Sphaeriidae : *Pisidium*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Planorbis genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Planorbidae : *Planorbis*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Marmolatella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neritoina : Delphinulopsidae : *Marmolatella*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Picea genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Pinopsida : Pinales : Pinaceae : *Picea*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Alisma genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Alismataceae : *Alisma*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Lymnaea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lymnaeidae : *Lymnaea*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Anodonta genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Unionidae : *Anodonta*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Pseudolimea duplicata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Limidae : Pseudolimea : *Pseudolimea duplicata*	157.3 - 152.1 Ma Jurassic
Bithynia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Bithyniidae : *Bithynia*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Ostrea edulis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Ostrea : *Ostrea edulis*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Arctica islandica species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Arcticidae : Arctica : *Arctica islandica*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Emys orbicularis species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Emydidae : Emys : *Emys orbicularis*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Helicidae family	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Stylommatophora : Helicidae	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Anura order	Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Physalis genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Solanales : Solanaceae : *Physalis*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Yoldia nitida species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculanida : Yoldiidae : Yoldia : *Yoldia nitida*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Nucula (Nucula) fragilis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculida : Nuculidae : Nucula : *Nucula (Nucula) fragilis*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Melanopsis genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Melanopsidae : *Melanopsis*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Myrtea spinifera species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : Myrtea : *Myrtea spinifera*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Bulimina marginata species	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Buliminidae : *Bulimina marginata*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Orbulina universa species	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globigerinidae : *Orbulina universa*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Globigerina bulloides species	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Globigerinidae : Globigerina : *Globigerina bulloides*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Textularia sagittula species	Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Textulariida : Textulariidae : Textularia : *Textularia sagittula*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Ficus (Ficus) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Ficidae : Ficus : *Ficus (Ficus)*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Aporrhais pespelecani species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Aporrhaidae : Aporrhais : *Aporrhais pespelecani*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Glans (Glans) intermedia species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Carditidae : Glans : *Glans (Glans) intermedia*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Venus (Ventricoloidea) multilamella species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Veneridae : Venus : *Venus (Ventricoloidea) multilamella*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Corbula (Varicorbula) gibba species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadida : Corbulidae : Corbula : *Corbula (Varicorbula) gibba*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Haustator vermicularis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Turritellidae : Haustator : *Haustator vermicularis*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Epitomium genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Epitoniidae : *Epitomium*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Calliphylloceras disputabile species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Phylloceratida : Phylloceratidae : Calliphylloceras : *Calliphylloceras disputabile*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Cyperus genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Poales : Cyperaceae : *Cyperus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Ringicula buccinea species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architectibranchia : Ringiculidae : Ringicula : *Ringicula buccinea*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Valvata cristata species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Valvatidae : Valvata : *Valvata cristata*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Euspira catena species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Naticidae : Euspira : *Euspira catena*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Scurriopsis (Scurriopsis) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Patellogastropoda : Acmaeidae : Scurriopsis : *Scurriopsis (Scurriopsis)*	170.3 - 168.3 Ma Middle Jurassic
Neopycnodonte cochlear species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Neopycnodonte : *Neopycnodonte cochlear*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Nymphaea genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Nymphaeales : Nymphaeaceae : *Nymphaea*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Prunus genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Rosales : Rosaceae : *Prunus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Vitis genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Vitales : Vitaceae : *Vitis*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Scapharca (Scapharca) diluvii species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Scapharca : *Scapharca (Scapharca) diluvii*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Decodon genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Myrtales : Lythraceae : *Decodon*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Bositra buchi species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Posidoniidae : Bositra : *Bositra buchi*	170.3 - 168.3 Ma Middle Jurassic
Entolium (Entolium) corneolum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Entolium : *Entolium (Entolium) corneolum*	170.3 - 168.3 Ma Middle Jurassic
Chlinocephalus demissifrons species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Decapoda : Grapsidae : Chlinocephalus : *Chlinocephalus demissifrons*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Emmericia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Emmericiidae : *Emmericia*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Cancris auriculus species	Foraminifera : Bagginidae : Cancris : *Cancris auriculus*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Typha genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Poales : Typhaceae : *Typha*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Acanthocythereis hystrix species	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Trachyleberididae : Acanthocythereis : *Acanthocythereis hystrix*	1.806 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Rubus genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Rosales : Rosaceae : *Rubus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Goniomya (Goniomya) subgenus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyida : Pholadomyidae : Goniomya : *Goniomya (Goniomya)*	182.7 - 174.1 Ma Jurassic
Muricotrochus subluciensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Proconulidae : Muricotrochus : *Muricotrochus subluciensis*	175.6 - 171.6 Ma Jurassic
Zircia zircensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Trochida : Ataphridae : Zircia : *Zircia zircensis*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Neritopsis (Neritopsis) spinigera species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neritoina : Neritopsidae : Neritopsis : *Neritopsis (Neritopsis) spinigera*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Pietteia trispinigera species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Aporrhaidae : Pietteia : *Pietteia trispinigera*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Selaginella genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Lycopodiopsida : Selaginellales : Selaginellaceae : *Selaginella*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Cristatopecten cristatum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Cristatopecten : *Cristatopecten cristatum*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Oenanthe genus	Plantae : Spermatophyta : Magnoliopsida : Apiales : *Oenanthe*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Ilex genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Aquifoliales : Aquifoliaceae : *Ilex*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Rumex genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Caryophyllales : Polygonaceae : *Rumex*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Ringicula minor species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architectibranchia : Ringiculidae : Ringicula : *Ringicula minor*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Parmacella genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Stylommatophora : Parmacellidae : *Parmacella*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Ranunculus genus	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Ranunculales : Ranunculaceae : *Ranunculus*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Zebinostoma genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Rissoinidae : *Zebinostoma*	175.6 - 171.6 Ma Jurassic
Prososthenia genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Hydrobiidae : *Prososthenia*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Hypericum genus	*Hypericum*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Equus stenonis species	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equus : *Equus stenonis*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Spinammatoceras pugnax species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Hammatoceratidae : Spinammatoceras : *Spinammatoceras pugnax*	175.6 - 171.6 Ma Jurassic
Pilea genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Unionidae : *Pilea*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Ambergrisichnus alleronae species	Ambergrisichnus : *Ambergrisichnus alleronae*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Valvata piscinalis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Valvatidae : Valvata : *Valvata piscinalis*	5.333 - 0.0117 Ma Cenozoic
Catella caterinae species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Parallelodontidae : Catella : *Catella caterinae*	175.6 - 168.3 Ma Jurassic
Parallelodon maxiai species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Parallelodontidae : Parallelodon : *Parallelodon maxiai*	175.6 - 171.6 Ma Jurassic
Parallelodon carsulanus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Parallelodontidae : Parallelodon : *Parallelodon carsulanus*	175.6 - 171.6 Ma Jurassic
Parallelodon apenninicus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Parallelodontidae : Parallelodon : *Parallelodon apenninicus*	175.6 - 171.6 Ma Jurassic
Modiolus anatinus species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Modiolus : *Modiolus anatinus*	170.3 - 168.3 Ma Middle Jurassic
Praechlamys rusconii species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Praechlamys : *Praechlamys rusconii*	190.8 - 182.7 Ma Early Jurassic
Praechlamys ponzii species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Praechlamys : *Praechlamys ponzii*	190.8 - 182.7 Ma Early Jurassic
Bositra sabinensis species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Posidoniidae : Bositra : *Bositra sabinensis*	170.3 - 168.3 Ma Middle Jurassic
Praechlamys stoliczkai species	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Praechlamys : *Praechlamys stoliczkai*	190.8 - 182.7 Ma Early Jurassic
Globigerinoides sacculifer species	Foraminifera : Globigerinidae : Globigerinoides : *Globigerinoides sacculifer*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Globigerinoides ruber species	Foraminifera : Globigerinidae : Globigerinoides : *Globigerinoides ruber*	2.588 - 0.781 Ma Pleistocene
Nannolytoceras polyhelictum species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Lytoceratidae : Nannolytoceras : *Nannolytoceras polyhelictum*	175.6 - 171.6 Ma Jurassic

Fossil Localities

Click to show 9 fossil localities

Italy

Umbria
- Terni Province
  - Pleistocene🐚 Bargiano
  - Jurassic🐚 Bivio Macerino
  - Early Jurassic🐚 Monte Cimitelle
  - Jurassic🐚 Monte Lacerone
  - Early Jurassic🐚 Monte Maccialunga
  - Pleistocene🐚 Montemoro
  - Jurassic🐚 Scoppio
  - Cenozoic🐚 Torre Picchio section
  - Polino
    - Early Jurassic🐚 Polino area

Other Databases

Wikipedia:	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Terni
Wikidata ID:	Q16286
GeoNames ID:	3165770

Localities in this Region

Italy

Umbria
- Terni Province

Italy

Umbria
- Terni Province

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

Campanian ArcVolcanic Arc

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Terni Province, Umbria, Italy i
Regional Level Types
Terni Province Province
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