Chabazite-Ca
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Chabazite-Ca
Formula:
(Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O
Colour:
Colourless, white, yellow, pink, red
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
4 - 5
Specific Gravity:
2.05 - 2.2
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1788 by Louis-Augustin Bosc d'Antic from the Greek chabazios, tune or melody, one of twenty stones named in the poem Peri lithos, which extolled the virtues of minerals. The poem is ascribed to Orpheus, legendary founder of the Orphic cult, which flourished in Greece in the early centuries. The suffix was added by the IMA in 1997 when chabazite (without suffix) was promoted to a series. It denotes the dominant extra-framework element.
The calcium-dominant member of the Chabazite series of the Zeolite Group.
The most common member of this series.
The most common member of this series.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
6854
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:6854:9
Similar Names
| Chabazite-K | A valid IMA mineral species | (K2,Ca,Na2,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| Chabazite-Na | A valid IMA mineral species | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
IMA Classification of Chabazite-Ca
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ca2Al4Si8O24·13H2O
Classification of Chabazite-Ca
9.GD.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
D : Chains of 6-membered rings – tabular zeolites
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
D : Chains of 6-membered rings – tabular zeolites
77.1.2.1
77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
1 : Zeolite group - True zeolites
77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
1 : Zeolite group - True zeolites
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cbz-Ca | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Cbz | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
| Cbz | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Cbz | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Cbz | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Chabazite-Ca
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Chabazite-Ca
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, white, yellow, pink, red
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4 - 5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {1011}
Distinct on {1011}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.05 - 2.2 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.035 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Chabazite-Ca
Type:
Biaxial (+/-)
RI values:
nα = 1.478 - 1.487 nβ = 1.48 - 1.4895 nγ = 1.48 - 1.493
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.002 - 0.006
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate (negative)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Dispersion:
none
Comments:
Or uniaxial, commonly shows birefringent panelling in six sections.
Chemistry of Chabazite-Ca
Mindat Formula:
(Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Chabazite-Ca
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.425 Å, b = 9.42 Å, c = 9.42 Å
α = 94.25°, β = 94.2°, γ = 94.25°
α = 94.25°, β = 94.2°, γ = 94.25°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.001 : 1 : 1
Unit Cell V:
829.14 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Pseudorhombohedral crystals, tabular.
Forms include:
Common {101}, {021}, {110}, {012}, {214}, {113}
Rare {12 1 14}, {201}, {102}
Also {100}, {001}, {023} that Tschernich (1992) describes as rough surfaces composed of tiny rhombohedra.
Forms include:
Common {101}, {021}, {110}, {012}, {214}, {113}
Rare {12 1 14}, {201}, {102}
Also {100}, {001}, {023} that Tschernich (1992) describes as rough surfaces composed of tiny rhombohedra.
Twinning:
About [0001], interpenetrant, simple and repeated, common, contact on {1011}.
Comment:
Calligaris et al. (1982) give space group R-3m, a = 9.421(4), α = 94.20(1)°.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0017694 | Chabazite-Ca | Nakatsuka A, Okada H, Fujiwara K, Nakayama N, Mizota T (2007) Crystallographic configurations of water molecules and exchangeable cations in a hydrated natural CHA-zeolite (chabazite) Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 102 188-195 | 2007 | Komuro, Ohhito, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012861 | Chabazite-Ca | Gualtieri A F (2000) Accuracy of XRPD QPA using the combined Rietveld-RIR method Journal of Applied Crystallography 33 267-278 | 2000 | Keller, Nidda, Germany | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014780 | Chabazite-Ca | Mazzi F, Galli E (1983) The tetrahedral framework of chabazite Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1983 461-480 | 1983 | Wasson's Bluff, Two Island, Nova Scotia, Canada | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014779 | Chabazite-Ca | Mazzi F, Galli E (1983) The tetrahedral framework of chabazite Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1983 461-480 | 1983 | Wasson's Bluff, Two Island, Nova Scotia, Canada | 0 | 293 | |
| 0017689 | Chabazite-Ca | Alberti A, Galli E, Vezzalini G, Passaglia E, Zanazzi P F (1982) Position of cations and water molecules in hydrated chabazite. Natural and Na-, Ca-, Sr- and K-exchanged chabazites Zeolites 2 303-309 | 1982 | Keller, Nidda, Germany | 0 | 293 | |
| 0017686 | Chabazite-Ca | Alberti A, Galli E, Vezzalini G, Passaglia E, Zanazzi P F (1982) Position of cations and water molecules in hydrated chabazite. Natural and Na-, Ca-, Sr- and K-exchanged chabazites Zeolites 2 303-309 | 1982 | Keller, Nidda, Germany | 0 | 293 | |
| 0017693 | Chabazite-Ca | Calligaris M, Nardin G, Randaccio L (1982) Cation-site location in a natural chabazite Acta Crystallographica B38 602-605 |  | 1982 | Northeast Azerbaijan | 0 | 293 |
| 0017691 | Chabazite-Ca | Smith J V, Rinaldi F, Dent Glasser L S (1963) Crystal structures with a chabazite framework. II. Hydrated Ca-chabazite at room temperature Acta Crystallographica 16 45-53 | | 1963 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0017695 | Chabazite-Ca | Dent L S, Smith J V (1958) Crystal structure of chabazite, a molecular sieve Nature 181 1794-1796 | 1958 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 9.30 Å | (strong) |
| 5.55 Å | (moderate) |
| 5.02 Å | (moderate) |
| 4.29 Å | (very strong) |
| 3.86 Å | (moderate) |
| 2.910 Å | (very strong) |
| 2.878 Å | (moderately strong) |
| 2.489 Å | (moderate) |
| 1.791 Å | (moderate) |
Comments:
Col de Lares, Val di Fassa, Italy. Data are from Passaglia (1970), sample 13.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies) | |
| 10 : Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals | |
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 17 : Marine authigenic Hadean minerals (see also #24) | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 22 : Hydration and low-? subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23) | |
| 24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17) | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Geological Setting:
In vugs in volcanic rocks, hydrothermal veins, in altered bedded tuff deposits from the alteration of glass.
Type Occurrence of Chabazite-Ca
General Appearance of Type Material:
Rhombohedral white transparent crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Triassic porphyrite.
Synonyms of Chabazite-Ca
Other Language Names for Chabazite-Ca
Varieties of Chabazite-Ca
| Haydenite | Haydenite is a usually gemmy, pale yellow-orange to golden-brown variety of chabazite with scalenohedral modifications and showing contact twinning. |
Relationship of Chabazite-Ca to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Chabazite:
| Chabazite-K | (K2,Ca,Na2,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Chabazite-Mg | (Mg0.7K0.5Ca0.5Na0.1)[Al3Si9O24] · 10H2O | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
| Chabazite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O | Trig. 3m : R3m |
| Chabazite-Sr | Sr2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 239 photos of Chabazite-Ca associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 138 photos of Chabazite-Ca associated with Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| 90 photos of Chabazite-Ca associated with Heulandite-Ca | (Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O |
| 76 photos of Chabazite-Ca associated with Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| 73 photos of Chabazite-Ca associated with Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| 57 photos of Chabazite-Ca associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 45 photos of Chabazite-Ca associated with Okenite | Ca10Si18O46 · 18H2O |
| 42 photos of Chabazite-Ca associated with Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| 40 photos of Chabazite-Ca associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 31 photos of Chabazite-Ca associated with Chabazite-K | (K2,Ca,Na2,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.GD.05 | Gmelinite-Ca | Ca2(Si8Al4)O24 · 11H2O |
| 9.GD.05 | Gmelinite-K | K4(Si8Al4O24) · 11H2O |
| 9.GD.05 | Gmelinite-Na | Na4(Si8Al4)O24 · 11H2O |
| 9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Mg | (Mg0.7K0.5Ca0.5Na0.1)[Al3Si9O24] · 10H2O |
| 9.GD.10 | Willhendersonite | KCa[Al3Si3O12] · 5H2O |
| 9.GD.10 | Chabazite-K | (K2,Ca,Na2,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| 9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca,Sr,Mg)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| 9.GD.10 | Chabazite-Sr | Sr2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| 9.GD.15 | Lévyne-Ca | (Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O |
| 9.GD.15 | Lévyne-Na | (Na2,Ca,K2)[Al2Si4O12] · 6H2O |
| 9.GD.20 | Erionite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
| 9.GD.20 | Erionite-K | (K2,Ca,Na2)2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
| 9.GD.20 | Erionite-Na | (Na2,K2,Ca)2[Al4Si14O36] · 15H2O |
| 9.GD.20 | Bellbergite | (K,Ba,Sr)2Sr2Ca2(Ca,Na)4[Al3Si3O12]6 · 30H2O |
| 9.GD.25 | Offretite | KCaMg(Si13Al5)O36 · 15H2O |
| 9.GD.25 | Wenkite | (Ba,K)4(Ca,Na)6[(Si,Al)20O39(OH)2](SO4)3 · 0.5H2O |
| 9.GD.30 | Faujasite-Ca | (Ca,Na2,Mg)3.5[Al7Si17O48] · 32H2O |
| 9.GD.30 | Faujasite-Mg | (Mg,Na2,Ca)3.5[Al7Si17O48] · 32H2O |
| 9.GD.30 | Faujasite-Na | (Na2,Ca,Mg)3.5[Al7Si17O48] · 32H2O |
| 9.GD.35 | Maricopaite | Pb7Ca2(Si,Al)48O100 · 32H2O |
| 9.GD.35 | Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| 9.GD.40 | Dachiardite-K | K4(Si20Al4O48) · 13H2O |
| 9.GD.40 | Dachiardite-Ca | (Ca,Na2,K2)5Al10Si38O96 · 25H2O |
| 9.GD.40 | Dachiardite-Na | (Na2,Ca,K2)5Al10Si38O96 · 25H2O |
| 9.GD.45 | Epistilbite | CaAl2Si6O16 · 5H2O |
| 9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-K | (K,Na)5(Si31Al5)O72 · 18H2O |
| 9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-Mg | [Mg2(K,Na)2Ca0.5](Si29Al7)O72 · 18H2O |
| 9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-Na | (Na,K)5(Si31Al5)O72 · 18H2O |
| 9.GD.50 | Ferrierite-NH4 | (NH4,Mg0.5)5(Al5Si31O72) · 22H2O |
| 9.GD.55 | Bikitaite | LiAlSi2O6 · H2O |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
In the closed tube it crumbles, giving off significant water.
Before the blowpipe, fuses easily at 2.5-3 to a white enamel.
Before the blowpipe, fuses easily at 2.5-3 to a white enamel.
Notes:
Decomposed by HCl with separation of silica.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Chabazite-Ca
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-6854.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Chabazite-Ca
Reference List:
Smith, J. V. (1962) Crystal structures with a chabazite framework. I. Dehydrated Ca-chabazite. Acta Crystallographica, 15 (9) 835-845 doi:10.1107/s0365110x62002236
Smith, J. V., Rinaldi, F., Glasser, L. S. D. (1963) Crystal structures with a chabazite framework. II. Hydrated Ca-chabazite at room temperature. Acta Crystallographica, 16 (1) 45-53 doi:10.1107/s0365110x63000074
Passaglia, Elio (1970) The crystal chemistry of chabazites. American Mineralogist, 55 (7-8) 1278-1301
Alberti, A., Galli, E., Vezzalini, G., Passaglia, E., Zanazzi, P.F. (1982) Position of cations and water molecules in hydrated chabazite. Natural and Na-, Ca-, Sr- and K-exchanged chabazites. Zeolites, 2 (4) 303-309 doi:10.1016/s0144-2449(82)80075-4
Calligaris, M., Nardin, G., Randaccio, L., Chiaramonti, P. C. (1982) Cation-site location in a natural chabazite. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 38 (2) 602-605 doi:10.1107/s0567740882003483
Coombs, Douglas S., Alberti, Alberto, Armbruster, Thomas, Artioli, Gilberto, Colella, Carmine, Galli, Ermanno, Grice, Joel D., Liebau, Friedrich, Mandarino, Joseph A., Minato, Hideo, et al. (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals; report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35 (6). 1571-1606
Shim, Sang-Heon; Navrotsky, Alexandra; Gaffney, Thomas R.; MacDougall, James E. (1999) Chabazite: energetics of hydration, enthalpy of formation, and effect of cations on stability. American Mineralogist, 84 (11). p.1870-1882. doi:10.2138/am-1999-11-1214
Localities for Chabazite-Ca
Showing 444 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Gablina et al. (2006) |
Australia | |
| Crocoite.com |
| England (2002) |
| England (2000) |
| England (1996) | |
| Graham et al. (2002) |
| England et al. (1988) |
| |
| Worner et al. (1982) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Sutherland et al. (2004) |
| www.crocoite.com (2003) |
| Bottrill et al. (2021) |
| Brian Davis collection |
| |
| Birch (1987) +2 other references |
| |
| |
| |
| Birch (1989) |
| |
| Hollis (1979) +1 other reference |
| Birch (1989) |
| Sutton & Mills (2012) | |
| Birch (1989) |
| |
Austria | |
| U. Kolitsch et al. (2009) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Carinthia II (2013) |
| Kolitsch (2016) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Kolitsch (2016) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2022) |
| Kolitsch (2008) +1 other reference |
| Postl (2007) |
| Postl et al. (2012) |
| Steir.Mineralog 25/2011 |
| Postl (2020) |
| Kolitsch (2022) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) | |
| Kolitsch (2016) |
| Kolitsch (2017) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch (2014) | |
| Kolitsch (2017) |
Belgium | |
| Hatert (1998) +1 other reference |
| Van Der Meersche (2005) +2 other references | |
Brazil | |
| Azzi (2019) |
| Frank (2008) |
Cambodia | |
| Sutherland et al. (2015) +2 other references | |
| Piilonen et al. (2022) |
Canada | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Sabina (2015) |
| Sabina (2015) | |
| Groat et al. (2003) |
| Ercit et al. (2003) |
| Walker et al. (1922) |
| Walker et al. (1922) | |
| Tschernich (1992) |
| Ronnie van Dommelen (pers. comm) |
| Fabre (n.d.) |
| Phillips et al. (1844) | |
| Ronnie Van Dommelen collection. |
| Van Velthuizen et al. (2006) |
| Canadian Museum of Nature & Horvath ... +1 other reference |
| Museum Thetford Mines MMMRA199o.439 | |
| Horváth collection |
| Van Velthuizen et al. (2006) |
| Tschernich (1992) +1 other reference |
| Grice (1989) +1 other reference |
| Van Velthuizen et al. (2006) |
| Jeffrey de Fourestier collection |
| Mineralienkabinet J. de Fourestier | |
| Van Velthuizen et al. (2006) |
| Van Velthuizen et al. (2006) |
| Van Velthuizen et al. (2006) |
Chile | |
| SEM-EDS by Joy Desor and Gerhard Möhn |
China | |
| Shen (n.d.) |
Costa Rica | |
| Rodríguez et al. (2017) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Pauliš et al. (2018) |
| Pauliš et al. (2017) | |
| Pauliš et al. (2017) | |
| Pauliš et al. (2023) |
| Pauliš et al. (2019) |
| Pauliš et al. (2014) | |
| P.Pauliš et al. (Czech republic) |
| Pauliš et al. (2019) |
| Pauliš et al. (2016) |
| P.Pauliš et al. (2017) |
| Pauliš et al. (2018) |
| Pauliš et al. (2018) | |
| Tvrdý et al. (2023) |
| Novotný |
| Novak et al. (2010) +2 other references |
| P.Pauliš et al. (2014) |
| Pauliš et al. (2015) +1 other reference | |
| P.Pauliš et al. (2014) |
| Pauliš et al. (2021) |
| P.Pauliš et al. (Czech Rep.) |
| Pauliš et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
| P.Paulis et al. (Czech Rep.) | |
| Bulletin Mineralogie Petrologie vol.26 |
| Vojtěch Zeman Collection |
| ZEMAN P. (2018) |
| Rychlý et al. (eds.) +1 other reference |
| P.Zeman et al. (2017) |
| Novák et al. (2023) |
Eritrea | |
| Carnegie Museum of Natural History ... | |
Faroe Islands | |
| Mineral list from Mineralienaltas.de ... |
| Volker Betz photo & collection |
| Zeolite collection of Volker Betz |
| Zeolite collection of Volker Betz |
| Mintreasure specimen |
France | |
| |
| Pongiluppi D. (1976) |
| Ref: Boisson J.M. |
| Pongiluppi D (1976) |
| Christophe Schwarze |
| Boisson et al. (2014) |
Germany | |
| Boisson et al. (2014) |
| Spürgin et al. (2019) |
| Habel (2009) |
| Keck (2008) |
| Belendorff (2021) |
| Doelter (1921) |
| Collection of Volker Betz | |
| Streng A. (1890a) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Collection of Volker Betz | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Baumgärtl (2014) |
| Blass et al. (2006) |
| Blaß et al. (1994) |
| Hentschel (1983) |
| Blass et al. (2006) |
| Hentschel (1983) +1 other reference |
| Klein (2011) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Thomas Kleser Collection |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Juroszek et al. (Ti 5 Fe) |
| Blass et al. (2006) |
| Blass et al. (2006) |
| Blass et al. (2006) |
| in the collection of Christof Schäfer | |
| Blass et al. (2006) |
| Blass et al. (2006) | |
| Blass +1 other reference |
| Blaß et al. (2012) |
| Blass +1 other reference |
| Blass et al. (2006) |
| Hentschel (1978) +2 other references |
| Blass et al. (2006) |
| [Schüller et al. (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Witzke et al. (2017) |
| |
| Witzke et al. (2006) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Hungary | |
| www.mineral.hermuz.hu (2003) |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| Sándor et al. (2005) | |
| Harangi (2009) |
| KÓNYA (2015) |
| Kónya et al. (2011) |
Iceland | |
| Weisenberger et al. (2009) |
| Weisenberger et al. (2009) | |
| Weisenberger et al. (2009) | |
| Jamison Turnbull Collection +1 other reference | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection (according to Weisberger & Selbekk ) |
| Personally collected by Günter Frenz |
| Weisenberger et al. (2009) | |
| Personally collected by Günter Frenz |
| Zeolite collection of Volker Betz |
Iran | |
| KOUSEHLAR et al. (2012) |
Ireland | |
| Moreton et al. (2006) |
Italy | |
| Biffi et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Scaini et al. (1967) +1 other reference | |
| Ferronato et al. (2002) | |
| Scaini et al. (1967) +1 other reference | |
| Zambonini (1902) |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) | |
| Marchesini et al. (2014) |
| Bracco R. et al. (La Spezia, Liguria) |
| Passaglia (1970) +1 other reference |
| Cerea et al. (2019) |
| Bedognè (1991) |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Bedognè +2 other references |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Guastoni et al. (2004) |
| Martini et al. (2012) |
| Martini et al. (2012) | |
| Ambrino et al. (2009) |
| Ambrino et al. (2009) | |
| Gramaccioli (1975) +3 other references |
| Taricco et al. (2014) |
| Barresi (1996) +1 other reference |
| Silvio Bianco et al. (2024) +1 other reference |
| Franco Luca Bonino's collection | |
| Gallo (a cura di) | |
| Guastoni (2009) |
| Collected by Frank de Wit (1989-2000) +2 other references | |
| Giovanni Scapin Collection |
| Pezzotta et al. (1999) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Mattioli V. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Albertini (2011) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Michele Verdi et al. (2025) |
| Mattioli (1979 a) +7 other references |
| Preite (2003) |
| Dominico Preite specimen | |
| Gamboni et al. (2012) |
| S. Cuccuru (2011) | |
| Gamboni et al. (2006) |
| Preite (2003) |
| Gamboni et al. (2012) | |
| Cuccuru et al. (2012) | |
| Gelosa et al. (1999) |
| Preite (2003) | |
| Preite (2003) |
| Preite (2003) | |
| Sicurella et al. (2010) |
| Sicurella et al. (2010) | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Stolcis et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Ferretti et al. (2013) |
| Demartin et al. (2006) |
| Passaglia (1970) |
| Zordan A. (2014) |
| EDX and Raman confirmed +1 other reference |
| Stoppa et al. (2010) +2 other references |
| Meli (1997) +2 other references |
| Joachim Esche collection |
| Paolo Bosio collection. Analyzed by means of WDS Camebax SX-100 microprobe at the Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.I. Vernadskiy (GEOKHI RAN) |
| Fabio Tosato et al. (2024) |
| Boscardin (2014) |
| Gottardi (1967) +2 other references |
| Mattioli et al. (2008) +1 other reference | |
| Mattioli et al. (2008) +1 other reference | |
| Boscardin (2002) +3 other references | |
| Paolo Gasparetto Collection | |
| Pegoraro et al. (2017) | |
| Luppi et al. (2007) +3 other references |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) |
| Capolupi et al. (1997) +2 other references |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana vol.17 fasc.2 1994 pp. 131-136 Studi e Ricerche-Associazione Amici del Museo - Museo Civico "G. Zannato" Montecchio Maggiore (VI) | |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) |
| Luppi et al. (2007) +2 other references |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) +2 other references |
| Passaglia (1969) +1 other reference |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) |
| Della Costa (2014) | |
| Della Costa (2014) |
| Della Costa (2014) | |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| John Rakovan (2015) |
| Am Min 74: pp 1337-1342 |
| R. Nakanishi collection |
| Chiba et al. (1977) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Попов В.А. (2010) |
Madagascar | |
| Di Cecco (2013) |
Mauritius | |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
Morocco | |
| Jordi Fabre |
| Jordi Fabre specimens |
Namibia | |
| analyzes done by Guenter Blass/Joy Desor |
New Zealand | |
| Thornton (Ed.) |
| J. Thornton +1 other reference |
| T. Saunderson collection |
| Graham et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
Norway | |
| Breivik (2017) |
| Breivik et al. (2010) |
| King (n.d.) |
| - (2025) |
| Husdal (2008) |
| Tomas Husdal analysis ( Message to OT.Ljostad 2013) |
| Larsen (2002) |
Poland | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Tomas Praszkier |
| SpiriferMinerrals | |
Portugal | |
| Oliveira et al. (2025) |
| Oliveira et al. (2025) |
| Silva et al. (2026) |
| Miguel Rocha's mineral collection |
| Pedro Alves data and collection |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
Romania | |
| Szakáll |
| Szakáll et al. (2010) | |
| www.minerals-of-the-carpathians |
| Stremtan (2006) |
| www.minerals-of-the carpathians.eu (2009) |
Russia | |
| webmineral.ru (2016) |
| Nishanbaev et al. (2016) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Levitsky et al. (2010) |
| Arzamastsev et al. (2008) |
| ... | |
| Yakovenchuk et al. (2010) |
| Yakovenchuk et al. (2011) | |
| Pekov et al. (2013) | |
| Igor Pekov data |
| Bazai et al. (2009) |
| Mikhailova et al. (2007) | |
| Pakhomovsky et al. (2002) | |
| Pekov et al. (2003) |
| Igor Savin data +1 other reference |
| Kasatkin et al. (2021) |
| Dmitry Krinov analytical data |
Slovakia | |
| Kozák J. et al. (2017) |
| Ozdín D. et al. (2011) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Myšľan et al. (2025) |
| Bačo et al. (1987) |
| Koděra et al. (2025) |
| Ďuďa |
| Ďuďa R. et al. (in Slovak) |
| Ďuďa |
| Števko M. et al. (2025) +1 other reference |
South Africa | |
| Heron (2001) |
| Heron +2 other references |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Zeolite collection of Volker Betz | |
| Collection of Volker Betz | |
| Collection of Volker Betz | |
| Collection of Volker Betz |
| Collection of Volker Betz | |
| Collection of Volker Betz | |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
| Dill et al. (2023) | |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
| Calvo et al. (2013) |
| Calvo et al. (2013) |
| Calvo et al. (2013) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2026) |
| Tánago et al. (2012) |
| Jiménez R. et al. (2004) |
Sudan | |
| Suliman et al. (2025) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Weibel (1963) +2 other references |
| Niggli et al. (1940) +3 other references |
| Cuchet et al. (2008) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
Taiwan | |
| Ko-Chun Huang Collection | |
UK | |
| Haas (n.d.) |
| Lavinsky (n.d.) |
| Ryback et al. (1988) | |
| |
| Martin Patus collection | |
| Moreton et al. (2012) |
| Green et al. (2005) |
| Steve Rust specimen |
| King (n.d.) | |
USA | |
| Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010) |
| Rocks & Minerals 79:4 +1 other reference |
| Simon and Schuster's Rocks & Minerals. | |
| Simon and Schuster's Rokcs & Minerals | |
| Simon and Scheuster's Rocks & Minerals | |
| Rocks & Minerals 79:4 +1 other reference | |
| Moritz (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Brush and Dana (1879b) |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
| Observations by and collection of ... |
| Force (1990s) |
| Moritz (n.d.) | |
| Moritz (n.d.) +2 other references | |
| Moritz (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Moritz (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Moritz (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Moritz (n.d.) | |
| Moritz (n.d.) | |
| Mike Polletta collection |
| former Ronald Januzzi collection. | |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
| Verified by XRD by Travis Olds |
| Dunham (1933) |
| Fujishima et al. (1977) |
| [var: Haydenite] Jeff Weisman |
| Cristofono (n.d.) |
| Ted Johnson collection |
| Ted Johnson collection |
| Harvard Mineralogical Museum |
| Cristofono (n.d.) | |
| Collected by Bob Housley +1 other reference |
| Jensen et al. (2012) |
| Czaja (2025) |
| Tom Mortimer collection: http://www.mindatnh.org/Chabazite%20Gallery.html (collected by Woody Thompson, 2012) +2 other references |
| Betts (n.d.) |
| |
| Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp234-241 |
| King (2022) |
| King (2015) |
| Patrick Haynes |
| Patrick Haynes |
| John H. Betts (2009) |
| Robinson et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Marian Lupulescu (2010) |
| Robinson et al. (2007) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Wise et al. (2006) | |
| Micro Probe (3) +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) |
| Gordon (1922) |
| |
| Rocks & Minerals 84:352-362. |
| ID'd by Tony Kampf |
| David Hennessey collected specimen in ... |
| ID'd by Tony Kampf. I had listed them ... |
| Cannon (1975) +1 other reference |
| Tschernich (1992) |
| Randy Becker Collection |
| Gladwell (2022) |
| Patrick E. Haynes (2012) |
Vietnam | |
| Ko-Chun Huang Collection | |
| "Mario Lazzerini Denchi" Collection |
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