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Leucite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Leucite (172)Recorded Ages and Analyses Discuss Leucite

Leucite Gallery Search Photos of Leucite

Edit Leucite Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Leucite

Mount Vesuvius, Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy

Leucite, etc.

Ringseitert, Kirchweiler, Daun, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Leucite

Graulay quarry, Hillesheim, Gerolstein, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Leucite

Mount Vesuvius, Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy

Leucite, etc.

Ringseitert, Kirchweiler, Daun, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Leucite

Graulay quarry, Hillesheim, Gerolstein, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Leucite

Mount Vesuvius, Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy

Leucite, etc.

Ringseitert, Kirchweiler, Daun, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

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About LeuciteHide

Formula:

K(AlSi₂O₆)

Colour:

White, grey, cream, colourless

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

5½ - 6

Specific Gravity:

2.45 - 2.5

Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Member of:

Zeolite Group

Name:

From the Greek "leucos," for white, in allusion to its common colour.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Mount Somma, Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy

Leucite is common in some volcanic rocks in which it crystallises with a cubic crystal structure at high temperature (ca. 900°C). Upon cooling to 700-600°C, it transforms into a tetragonal modification which is stable at room temperature and forms characteristic polysynthetic twin lamellae. The transformation is reversible.

The mineral is usually included as a feldspathoid by petrologists, as it is a common primary rock-forming mineral in some high-potassium rocks but, despite being anhydrous, structurally it also has a topological relation to zeolites, especially analcime, and thus is typically included in that family also.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Leucite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2465

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2465:1

Similar NamesHide

Leesite

A valid IMA mineral species

K(H₂O)₂[(UO₂)₄O₂(OH)₅] · 3H₂O

IMA Classification of LeuciteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

K(Si₂Al)O₆

Classification of LeuciteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.GB.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H₂O; zeolite family
B : Chains of single connected 4-membered rings

Dana 8th ed.:

76.2.2.1

76 : TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework
2 : Al-Si Framework Feldspathoids and related species

Hey's CIM Ref.:

16.3.4

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
3 : Aluminosilicates of K

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Lct	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Lct	Kretz (1983)	Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
Lct	Siivolam & Schmid (2007)	Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
Lct	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
Lct	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of LeuciteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

White, grey, cream, colourless

Streak:

White

Hardness:

5½ - 6 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Poor/Indistinct
Very poor om {110}

Fracture:

Conchoidal

Density:

2.45 - 2.5 g/cm³ (Measured) 2.46 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of LeuciteHide

Type:

Uniaxial (+)

RI values:

n_ω = 1.508 n_ε = 1.509

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.001
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Low (negative)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic (convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.

For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.

Thickness: 30 µm

Comments:

May be anomalously biaxial.

Chemistry of LeuciteHide

Mindat Formula:

K(AlSi₂O₆)

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	43.985 %
Si	25.737 %
K	17.915 %
Al	12.363 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, K, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Ti,Fe,Mg,Ca,Ba,Na,Rb,Cs,H₂O

Age distributionHide

Recorded ages:

Cenozoic : 51.8 ± 2.0 Ma to 0.056 ± 0.005 Ma - based on 6 recorded ages.

Sample ages:

Sample ID	Recorded age	Geologic Time	Dating method
1	0.056 ± 0.005 Ma	Pleistocene	K-Ar
2	0.67 to 0.26 Ma	Pleistocene
3	0.79 ± 0.09 Ma	Pleistocene	K-Ar
4	16.47 ± 1.22 Ma	Miocene	Ar-Ar of olivine-bearing leucite foidite
5	30.8 ± 0.6 Ma	Oligocene	K-Ar
6	51.8 ± 2.0 to 49.1 ± 2.0 Ma	Eocene

Sample references:

ID	Locality	Reference
1	Gaussberg, Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, Antarctica	Tingey, R. J., McDougall, I., & Gleadow, A. J. W. (1983). The age and mode of formation of Gaussberg, Antarctica. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 30(1-2), 241-246.
2	Bawean Island, Gresik Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia	Soeria-Atmadja, R., Maury, R. C., Bellon, H., Yuwono, Y. S., Cotten, J. (1988) Remarques sur la répartition du volcanisme potassique quaternaire de Java (Indonésie) Comptes Rendus de L'Académie des Sciences - Série II Mecanique-Physique, Chime, Sciences de L'Universe, Sciences de la Terre, 307. 635-641
3	Colle Fabbri, Spoleto, Perugia Province, Umbria, Italy	Laurenzi, M., Stoppa, F., & Villa, I. (1994). Eventi ignei monogenici e depositi piroclastici nel Distretto Ultra-alcalino Umbro-Laziale (ULUD): revisione, aggiornamento e comparazione dei dati cronologici. Plinius, 12, 61-65.
4	Hoh Xil salt lake, Zhidoi Co., Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China	Wang, Q., McDermott, F., Xu, J. F., Bellon, H., & Zhu, Y. T. (2005). Cenozoic K-rich adakitic volcanic rocks in the Hohxil area, northern Tibet: lower-crustal melting in an intracontinental setting. Geology, 33(6), 465-468.
5	Yulinshan, Gêrzê Co., Ngari, Tibet, China	Ding, L., Kapp, P., Zhong, D., & Deng, W. (2003). Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet: evidence for a transition from oceanic to continental subduction. Journal of Petrology, 44(10), 1833-1865.
6	Prince Charles Mountains, Mac Robertson Land, East Antarctica, Antarctica	Sheraton, J. W. (1983). Geochemistry of mafic igneous rocks of the northern Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 30(3-4), 295-304.

Crystallography of LeuciteHide

Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Class (H-M):

4/m - Dipyramidal

Space Group:

I4₁/a

Cell Parameters:

a = 13.056 Å, c = 13.751 Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 1.053

Unit Cell V:

2,343.98 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Euhedral pseudocubic crystals showing {112}. Other forms include {100}, {110}.

Twinning:

Common, repeated on {110} and {101}, from two complex displacive phase transformations during cooling.

Crystallographic forms of LeuciteHide

Crystal Atlas:

Image Loading

Click on an icon to view

Leucite no.2 - {211} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Leucite no.4 - {211} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

Crystal StructureHide

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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0004674	Leucite	Gatta G D, Rotiroti N, Ballaran T B, Pavese A (2008) Leucite at high pressure: Elastic behavior, phase stability, and petrological implications American Mineralogist 93 1588-1596	2008	Sabatini volcanic district, Lazium, Italy	0.0001	293
0004673	Leucite	Gatta G D, Rotiroti N, Ballaran T B, Pavese A (2008) Leucite at high pressure: Elastic behavior, phase stability, and petrological implications American Mineralogist 93 1588-1596	2008	Sabatini volcanic district, Lazium, Italy	0.0001	293
0010665	Leucite	Peacor D R (1968) A high temperature single crystal diffractometer study of leucite, (K,Na)AlSi2O6 that reproduced the reported bond lengths and thermal ellipsoid axes. Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 127 213-224	1968	Vesuvius, Italy	0	293
0004675	Leucite	Gatta G D, Rotiroti N, Ballaran T B, Pavese A (2008) Leucite at high pressure: Elastic behavior, phase stability, and petrological implications American Mineralogist 93 1588-1596	2008	Sabatini volcanic district, Lazium, Italy	0.38	293
0004676	Leucite	Gatta G D, Rotiroti N, Ballaran T B, Pavese A (2008) Leucite at high pressure: Elastic behavior, phase stability, and petrological implications American Mineralogist 93 1588-1596	2008	Sabatini volcanic district, Lazium, Italy	1.2	293
0004677	Leucite	Gatta G D, Rotiroti N, Ballaran T B, Pavese A (2008) Leucite at high pressure: Elastic behavior, phase stability, and petrological implications American Mineralogist 93 1588-1596	2008	Sabatini volcanic district, Lazium, Italy	1.77	293
0001854	Leucite	Palmer D C, Dove M T, Ibberson R M, Powell B M (1997) Structural behavior, crystal chemistry and phase transitions in substituted leucites: High-resolution neutron powder diffraction studies American Mineralogist 82 16-29	1997		0	298
0001853	Leucite	Palmer D C, Dove M T, Ibberson R M, Powell B M (1997) Structural behavior, crystal chemistry and phase transitions in substituted leucites: High-resolution neutron powder diffraction studies American Mineralogist 82 16-29	1997		0	298
0001852	Leucite	Palmer D C, Dove M T, Ibberson R M, Powell B M (1997) Structural behavior, crystal chemistry and phase transitions in substituted leucites: High-resolution neutron powder diffraction studies American Mineralogist 82 16-29	1997		0	298
0001851	Leucite	Palmer D C, Dove M T, Ibberson R M, Powell B M (1997) Structural behavior, crystal chemistry and phase transitions in substituted leucites: High-resolution neutron powder diffraction studies American Mineralogist 82 16-29	1997		0	298
0001558	Leucite	Dove M T, Cool T, Palmer D C, Putnis A, Salje E K H, Winkler B (1993) On the role of Al-Si ordering in the cubic-tetragonal phase transition of leucite Sample is Order model 2 American Mineralogist 78 486-492	1993		0	293
0001557	Leucite	Dove M T, Cool T, Palmer D C, Putnis A, Salje E K H, Winkler B (1993) On the role of Al-Si ordering in the cubic-tetragonal phase transition of leucite Sample is Order model 1 American Mineralogist 78 486-492	1993		0	293
0001556	Leucite	Dove M T, Cool T, Palmer D C, Putnis A, Salje E K H, Winkler B (1993) On the role of Al-Si ordering in the cubic-tetragonal phase transition of leucite Sample is Disordered American Mineralogist 78 486-492	1993		0	293
0000496	Leucite	Mazzi F, Galli E, Gottardi G (1976) The crystal structure of tetragonal leucite American Mineralogist 61 108-115	1976		0	293
0017982	Leucite	Wyart M (1940) Etude cristallographique d'une leucite artificielle. Structure atomique et symetrie du mineral _cod_database_code 1011086 Bulletin de la Societe Francaise de Mineralogie 63 5-17	1940		0	293
0017354	Leucite	Wyart M (1940) Etude cristallographique d'une leucite artificielle. Structure atomique et symetrie du mineral _cod_database_code 1010431 Bulletin de la Societe Francaise de Mineralogie 63 5-17	1940		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Leucite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Gatta G D'
'Rotiroti N'
'Ballaran T B'
'Pavese A'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 93 
_journal_year 2008
_journal_page_first 1588
_journal_page_last 1596
_publ_section_title
;
 Leucite at high pressure: Elastic behavior, phase stability,
 and petrological implications
 Note: P = 0.0001 GPa in diamond cell
;
_database_code_amcsd 0004674
_chemical_compound_source 'Sabatini volcanic district, Lazium, Italy'
_chemical_formula_sum 'K.948 Na.026 (Fe.009 Al.99 Si2.001) O6'
_cell_length_a 13.097
_cell_length_b 13.097
_cell_length_c 13.755
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 2359.415
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      2.444
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'I 41/a'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  '3/4+y,1/4-x,1/4-z'
  '1/4+y,3/4-x,3/4-z'
  '3/4-y,1/4+x,1/4+z'
  '1/4-y,3/4+x,3/4+z'
  '1/2+x,y,1/2-z'
  '+x,1/2+y,-z'
  '1/2-x,-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,1/2-y,+z'
  '3/4-y,3/4+x,3/4-z'
  '1/4-y,1/4+x,1/4-z'
  '3/4+y,3/4-x,3/4+z'
  '1/4+y,1/4-x,1/4+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
KK   0.36444   0.36320   0.11460   0.94800   0.06300
NaK   0.36444   0.36320   0.11460   0.02600   0.06300
FeT1   0.05860   0.39660   0.16680   0.00300   0.01200
AlT1   0.05860   0.39660   0.16680   0.33000   0.01200
SiT1   0.05860   0.39660   0.16680   0.66700   0.01200
FeT2   0.16830   0.61010   0.12810   0.00300   0.01200
AlT2   0.16830   0.61010   0.12810   0.33000   0.01200
SiT2   0.16830   0.61010   0.12810   0.66700   0.01200
FeT3   0.39250   0.64170   0.08700   0.00300   0.01200
AlT3   0.39250   0.64170   0.08700   0.33000   0.01200
SiT3   0.39250   0.64170   0.08700   0.66700   0.01200
O1   0.13420   0.31250   0.11140   1.00000   0.02000
O2   0.08860   0.51070   0.12840   1.00000   0.02000
O3   0.14410   0.67730   0.22740   1.00000   0.02000
O4   0.13200   0.68370   0.03630   1.00000   0.02000
O5   0.28990   0.57560   0.12210   1.00000   0.02000
O6   0.48390   0.61790   0.16650   1.00000   0.02000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Loading XRD data...

2θ (degrees) d-spacing (Å)

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.266 Å	(100)
3.438 Å	(85)
5.39 Å	(80)
2.918 Å	(70)
2.842 Å	(70)
2.366 Å	(65)
2.808 Å	(55)

Comments:

Villa Senni, Italy. ICDD 15-47.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust	>4.50
8 : Mafic igneous rocks
9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals	<0.36
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals	<10 Ka
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56)

Geological Setting:

Potassium rich mafic and ultramafic lavas.

Type Occurrence of LeuciteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Mount Somma, Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Technische Universität, Bergakademie, Freiberg, Germany, numbers 100206, 100207, 100210, 100212, 100216.

Synonyms of LeuciteHide

Grenatite (of Daubenton)

Leukolith

Oeil de perdrix

White Garnet

Grenatite (in part)

Other Language Names for LeuciteHide

Dutch:Leuciet

French:Leucite
Amphigène

German:Leucit
Lezuit

Hebrew:לוסיט

Italian:Leucite

Polish:Leucyt

Russian:Лейцит

Simplified Chinese:白榴石

Spanish:Leucita

Swedish:Leucit

Relationship of Leucite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Zeolite Group

Other Members of Zeolite Group:

Alflarsenite	NaCa₂Be₃Si₄O₁₃(OH) · 2H₂O	Mon. 2 : P2₁
Amicite	K₂Na₂Al₄Si₄O₁₆ · 5H₂O	Mon. 2
Ammonioleucite	(NH₄)(AlSi₂O₆)	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
Arzamastsevite	K₆Al₅Si₆O₂₀(OH)₄Cl	Tet. 42m : I42m
Bellbergite	(K,Ba,Sr)₂Sr₂Ca₂(Ca,Na)₄[Al₃Si₃O₁₂]₆ · 30H₂O	Hex.
Bikitaite	LiAlSi₂O₆ · H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
Boggsite	Ca₈Na₃(Si,Al)₉₆O₁₉₂ · 70H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
Brewsterite Subgroup	Zeolite Group.
Chabazite-Levyne Subgroup	M[Al₂Si₄O₁₂] · 6H₂O
Chiavennite	CaMnBe₂Si₅O₁₃(OH)₂ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Clinoptilolite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_3-6[Al_6-7Si_29-30O₇₂] · 20H₂O
Cowlesite	CaAl₂Si₃O₁₀ · 6H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
Dachiardite Subgroup	Zeolite Group.
Direnzoite	NaK₆MgCa₂(Al₁₃Si₄₇O₁₂₀) · 36H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmn
Edingtonite	Ba[Al₂Si₃O₁₀] · 4H₂O	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
Epistilbite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O	Mon.
Erionite Subgroup	M₂[Al₄Si₁₄O₃₆] · 15H₂O
Fabrièsite	Na₃Al₃Si₃O₁₂ · 2H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Pmm2
Faujasite Subgroup	M_3.5[Al₇Si₁₇O₄₈] · 32H₂O
Ferrierite Subgroup	Name used for unanalysed specimens that could be either ferrierite-K, ferrierite-Mg, ...
Ferrochiavennite	Ca_1-2Fe[(Si,Al,Be)₅Be₂O₁₃(OH)₂] · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Flörkeite	(K₃Ca₂Na)[Al₈Si₈O₃₂] · 12H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
Garronite Subgroup
Gaultite	Na₄Zn₂Si₇O₁₈ · 5H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Fdd2
Gismondine Subgroup	Zeolite Group.
Gmelinite Subgroup	In 1997, gmelinite was split into Gmelinite-Ca, Gmelinite-Na and Gmelinite-K.
Gobbinsite	Na₅(Si₁₁Al₅)O₃₂ · 11H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
Goosecreekite	Ca[Al₂Si₆O₁₆] · 5H₂O	Mon. 2 : P2₁
Gottardiite	Na₃Mg₃Ca₅Al₁₉Si₁₁₇O₂₇₂ · 93H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmca
Heulandite Subgroup	(Na/Ca/K)_5-6[Al_8-9 Si_27-28 O₇₂] · nH₂O
Hsianghualite	Ca₃Li₂(Be₃Si₃O₁₂)F₂	Iso. 23 : I2₁3
Kalborsite	K₆Al₄BSi₆O₂₀(OH)₄Cl	Tet. 42m : P42₁c
Kirchhoffite	Cs(BSi₂O₆)	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/acd
Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Limousinite	BaCa[Be₄P₄O₁₆] · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Lithosite	K₆Al₄Si₈O₂₅ · 2H₂O	Mon.
Loomisite	Ba[Be₂P₂O₈] · H₂O	Mon. m
Lovdarite	K₂Na₆Be₄Si₁₄O₃₆ · 9H₂O	Orth. mm2
Maricopaite	Pb₇Ca₂(Si,Al)₄₈O₁₀₀ · 32H₂O	Orth.
Martinandresite	Ba₂(Al₄Si₁₂O₃₂) · 10H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmn
Mazzite Subgroup	Zeolite Group.
Meierite	Ba₄₄Si₆₆Al₃₀O₁₉₂Cl₂₅(OH)₃₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Im3m
Merlinoite	K₅Ca₂(Si₂₃Al₉)O₆₄ · 24H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Immm
Montesommaite	(K,Na)₉Al₉Si₂₃O₆₄ · 10H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Fdd2
Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O	Orth.
Mountainite	KNa₂Ca₂[Si₈O₁₉(OH)] · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
Mutinaite	Na₃Ca₄Si₈₅Al₁₁O₁₉₂ · 60H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
Nabesite	Na₂BeSi₄O₁₀ · 4H₂O	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
Natrolite Subgroup	A subgroup of the Zeolite Group.
Offretite	KCaMg(Si₁₃Al₅)O₃₆ · 15H₂O	Hex. 6m2 : P6m2
Pahasapaite	Li₈(Ca,Li,K)_10.5Be₂₄(PO₄)₂₄ · 38H₂O	Iso. 23 : I23
Parthéite	Ca₂(Si₄Al₄) O₁₅ (OH)₂ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Paulingite Subgroup	Paulingite was originally described in 1960.
Perlialite	K₉Na(Ca,Sr)[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₆ · 15H₂O	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm
Phillipsite Subgroup	(Ca_0.5,K,Na,Ba_0.5)_4-7[Al_4-7Si_12-9O₃₂] ^. 12H₂O
Pollucite	(Cs,Na)₂(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
Roggianite	Ca₂Be(OH)₂Al₂Si₄O₁₃ · 2.5H₂O	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mcm
Rongibbsite	Pb₂(Si₄Al)O₁₁(OH)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Stilbite Subgroup	M_6-7[Al_8-9Si_27-28O₇₂] · nH₂O
Terranovaite	(Na,Ca)₈(Si₆₈Al₁₂)O₁₆₀ · 29H₂O	Orth.
Thomsonite Subgroup	The large majority of "thomsonite" is thomsonite-Ca.
Thornasite	Na₁₂Th⁴⁺₃(Si₈O₁₉)₄ · 18H₂O	Trig. 3m : R3m
Tschernichite	(Ca,Na₂)[Al₂Si₄O₁₂] · 4-8H₂O	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/mmm
Tschörtnerite	Ca₄(Ca,Sr,K,Ba)₃Cu₃[Al₃Si₃O₁₂]₄(OH)₈ · nH₂O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
'UM1996-38-SiO:AlCaHNa'	Na-Ca-Al-Si-O-H
'UM1999-33-SiO:AlHKNa'	K₇Na₅Al₁₂Si₂₀O₆₄ · 24H₂O
'UM2002-40-SiO:AlCaHKMgNa'	(Mg,Ca,Na,K)_7.5(Al_12.8Si_51.2)O₁₂₈ · 65H₂O	Tet. 422 : P4₁22
'Unnamed (Ca analogue of Merlinoite)'	(Ca,K,Na)₅(Ca,Ba)₂Al₉Si₂₃O₆₄ · 23H₂O ?
Wairakite	Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Weinebeneite	CaBe₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ · 4H₂O	Mon. m : Bb
Wenkite	(Ba,K)₄(Ca,Na)₆[(Si,Al)₂₀O₃₉(OH)₂](SO₄)₃ · 0.5H₂O	Hex. 6m2 : P62m
Wilancookite	(Ba₅Li₂◻)Ba₆Be₂₄P₂₄O₉₆ · 26H₂O	Iso. 23 : I23
Willhendersonite	KCa[Al₃Si₃O₁₂] · 5H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
Yugawaralite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 4H₂O	Mon. m : Pb

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

42 photos of Leucite associated with Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
26 photos of Leucite associated with Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
22 photos of Leucite associated with Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
18 photos of Leucite associated with Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
17 photos of Leucite associated with Melilite Group	Ca₂M(XSiO₇)
15 photos of Leucite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
14 photos of Leucite associated with Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
11 photos of Leucite associated with Perovskite	CaTiO₃
6 photos of Leucite associated with Feldspar Group
5 photos of Leucite associated with Pseudobrookite	Fe³⁺₂Ti⁴⁺O₅

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.GB.05	Fabrièsite	Na₃Al₃Si₃O₁₂ · 2H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Pmm2
9.GB.05	Lithosite	K₆Al₄Si₈O₂₅ · 2H₂O	Mon.
9.GB.05	Wairakite	Ca(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.GB.05	Kirchhoffite	Cs(BSi₂O₆)	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/acd
9.GB.05	Hsianghualite	Ca₃Li₂(Be₃Si₃O₁₂)F₂	Iso. 23 : I2₁3
9.GB.05	Pollucite	(Cs,Na)₂(Al₂Si₄O₁₂) · 2H₂O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Ia3d
9.GB.05	Ammonioleucite	(NH₄)(AlSi₂O₆)	Tet. 4/m : I4₁/a
9.GB.05	Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.GB.10	Laumontite	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.GB.15	Yugawaralite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 4H₂O	Mon. m : Pb
9.GB.20	Roggianite	Ca₂Be(OH)₂Al₂Si₄O₁₃ · 2.5H₂O	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mcm
9.GB.25	Goosecreekite	Ca[Al₂Si₆O₁₆] · 5H₂O	Mon. 2 : P2₁
9.GB.30	Montesommaite	(K,Na)₉Al₉Si₂₃O₆₄ · 10H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Fdd2
9.GB.35	Parthéite	Ca₂(Si₄Al₄) O₁₅ (OH)₂ · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:

Element	% Content	Activity (Bq/kg)	Radiation Type
Uranium (U)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Thorium (Th)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Potassium (K)	17.9147%	5,554	β, γ

For comparison:

Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Mass of radioactive mineral:

Shielding material:

Activity: –

Distance	Dose rate	Risk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μ_shield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((A_U × Γ_U) + (A_Th × Γ_Th) + (A_K × Γ_K)) / r² × μ_shield

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Leucite in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Igneous rock
- Normal crystalline igneous rock
- Exotic crystalline igneous rock

Internet Links for LeuciteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-2465.html
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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for LeuciteHide

Reference List:

Blumenbachs, J.F. (1791) Auszuge und kezensioneit bergmanischer und mineralogischer schriften. Bergmannisches Journal: 2: 483-500.

Klaproth, M. H. (1797) XXXII. Untersuchung des Leucits. In Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper Vol. 2. Rottmann. p.35-61.

von Buch, Leopold (1800) Ueber die Formation des Leucits. Annalen der Physik, 6. 53-66 doi:10.1002/andp.18000060104

Anonymous (1821) Scientific Intelligence; Optics; 6. Optical properties of leucite or amphigene. The Edinburgh Philosophical Journal: 5: 217-234 (218-218).

Judd, J. W. (1887) On the Discovery of Leucite in Australia. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 7 (35) 194-195 doi:10.1180/minmag.1887.007.35.06

Bowen, N.L. (1917) The sodium-potassium nephelites. American Journal of Science: 43: 115-132.

Baier, Ernst (1932) Lamellarfarben in Leuzit. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 83 (1-6). p.141-144. doi:10.1524/zkri.1932.83.1.141

Onorato, E. (1938) Ricerche roentgenografiche sulla leucite. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma,; 85-97.

Wyart, Jean (1938) Étude sur la leucite. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 61 (4) 228-238 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1938.4444

Peacor, Donald R. (1968) A high temperature single crystal diffractometer study of leucite, (K,Na)AlSi2O6*. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 127 (1) 213-224 doi:10.1524/zkri.1968.127.1-4.213

Gupta,A.K., Fyfe, W.S. (1975) Leucite survival: The alteration to analcime. The Canadian Mineralogist: 13: 361-363.

Martin, R.F., Lagache, M. (1975) Cell edges and infrared spectra of synthetic leucites and pollucites in the system KAlSi2O6 — RbAlSi2O6 — CsAlSi2O6. The Canadian Mineralogist: 13: 275-281.

Mazzi, Fiorenzo, Galli, Ermanno, Gottardi, Glauco (1976) The crystal structure of tetragonal leucite. American Mineralogist, 61 (1-2) 108-115

Matson, D.W., Sharma, S.K., Philpotts, J.A. (1986) Raman-spectra of some tectosilicates and of glasses along the orthoclase-anorthite and nepheline-anorthite joins. American Mineralogist: 71: 694-704.

Hatch, DorianM., Ghose, Subrata, Stokes, HaroldT. (1990) Phase transitions in leucite, KAISi2O6. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17 (3) doi:10.1007/bf00201453

Heaney, Peter J., Veblen, David R. (1990) A high-temperature study of the low-high leucite phase transition using the transmission electron microscope. American Mineralogist, 75 (5-6) 464-476

Dove, Martin T., Cool, Tracey, Palmer, David C., Putnis, Andrew, Salje, Ekhard K. H., Winkler, Björn (1993) On the role of Al-Si ordering in the cubic-tetragonal phase transition of leucite. American Mineralogist, 78 (5-6) 486-492

Phillips, Brian L., Kirkpatrick, R. James (1994) Short-range Si-Al order in leucite and analcime: Determination of the configurational entropy from 27Al and variable-temperature 29Si NMR spectroscopy of leucite, its Cs- and Rb-exchanged derivatives, and analcime. American Mineralogist, 79 (11-12) 1025-1031

Coombs, Douglas S., Alberti, Alberto, Armbruster, Thomas, Artioli, Gilberto, Colella, Carmine, Galli, Ermanno, Grice, Joel D., Liebau, Friedrich, Mandarino, Joseph A., Minato, Hideo, et al. (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals; report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35 (6). 1571-1606

Hogarth, D.D. (1997) Mineralogy of leucite-bearing dykes from Napoleon Bay, Baffin Island: multistage proterozoic lamproites. The Canadian Mineralogist: 35: 53-78.

Mandarino, Joseph A. (1999) The Zeolite Group. The Mineralogical Record, 30 (1) 5-6

(2001) Leucite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Shannon, Robert D., Shannon, Ruth C., Medenbach, Olaf, Fischer, Reinhard X. (2002) Refractive Index and Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31 (4) 931-970 doi:10.1063/1.1497384

Winkler, B., Milman, V., Pickard, C. J. (2004) Quantum mechanical study of Al/Si disorder in leucite and bicchulite. Mineralogical Magazine, 68 (5) 819-824 doi:10.1180/0026461046850222

Gatta, G. D., Rotiroti, N., Bellatreccia, F., Della Ventura, G. (2007) Crystal chemistry of leucite from the Roman Comagmatic Province (central Italy): a multi-methodological study. Mineralogical Magazine, 71 (6) 671-682 doi:10.1180/minmag.2007.071.6.671

Gatta, G. D., Rotiroti, N., Ballaran, T. B., Pavese, A. (2008) Leucite at high pressure: Elastic behavior, phase stability, and petrological implications. American Mineralogist, 93 (10) 1588-1596 doi:10.2138/am.2008.2932

Aktas, Oktay, Carpenter, Michael A., Salje, Ekhard K.H. (2015) Elastic softening of leucite and the lack of polar domain boundaries. American Mineralogist, 100 (10) 2159-2162 doi:10.2138/am-2015-5313ccby

Localities for LeuciteHide

Showing 447 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Afghanistan
Helmand Reg District Khanneshin complex ⓘ Central Khanneshin deposit	Vikhter et al. (1976) +1 other reference
Panjshir Khenj District ⓘ Panjsher Valley slag deposits	Merkel et al. (2013)

Africa
ⓘ Mount Bisoke	Denaeyer et al. (1965) +5 other references

Antarctica

East Antarctica Mac Robertson Land ⓘ Prince Charles Mountains	Walker et al. (1971)
ⓘ Mount Bayliss	Sheraton et al. (1980)
Victoria Land ⓘ Hallett Peninsula	Harrington et al. (1967) +1 other reference
ⓘ Mt Melbourne	Hornig et al. (1991)
Kaiser Wilhelm II Land ⓘ Gaussberg	Sheraton et al. (1980) +1 other reference

Argentina
Salta Province Iruya Department ⓘ Los Alisos	Woolley (1987)
Tucumán Province Capital Department ⓘ San Miguel de Tucumán area

Armenia
Kotayk Province ⓘ T'ezhsar Mountain	Kogarko et al. (1995)
Syunik Province Sisian ⓘ Elpinskii complex	Gupta (2015)

Australia
Bonaparte Basin ⓘ Fohn Lamproites	Gorter et al. (2002)
New South Wales Cowper Co. ⓘ Byrock (Byerock)	Judd (1887)
Cumberland County Prospect Prospect Hill ⓘ Prospect Quarry	England (1994)
Harden Co. Murrumburrah ⓘ Murrimboola Quarries	Harvey et al. (1941) +1 other reference
Phillip Co. ⓘ Wollar-Rylstone Intrusions	Meakin et al. (1999)
Yancowinna Co. ⓘ Willyama Complex	Binns +2 other references
Yanda Co. Tindarey ⓘ Scorpion Hill	Brocx (2017)
Queensland Cook Shire ⓘ McLean Volcanic Province	Morgan (1968) +1 other reference
ⓘ Piebald Volcanic Province	Morgan (1968) +2 other references
Diamantina Shire ⓘ Mulligan and Lake Machattie Intrusions	Collerson +1 other reference
South Australia Goyder Regional Council ⓘ Terowie	Jaques et al. (1985)
Victoria City of Greater Shepparton ⓘ Cosgrove	Birch (1978)
ⓘ Cosgrove quarry
Moorabool Shire Mount Egerton ⓘ Malone Mine (Malone main shaft)
Western Australia Derby-West Kimberley Shire Calwynyardah Station Calwynyardah field ⓘ Metters Bore No. 1 lamproite pipe	Hwang et al. (1994)
Ellendale ⓘ 81 Mile Vent	Department of Mines Western Australia (1990)
ⓘ Ellendale 4 West	Jaques et al. (1986)
ⓘ Ellendale 6	Fetherston et al. (2013)
ⓘ Mount North	Department of Mines Western Australia (1990)
ⓘ Oscar Plug	Prider (1982)
Fitzroy Crossing ⓘ Old Leopold Hill	Jaques et al. (1986)
Noonkanbah Station ⓘ Walgidee Hills	Prider (1939) +4 other references
ⓘ Fishery Hill	Jaques et al. (1986)
ⓘ Machells Pyramid	Jaques et al. (1986)
ⓘ Mount Cedric	Jaques et al. (1986)
ⓘ Mount Gytha	Jaques et al. (1986)
ⓘ Mount Ibis	Jaques et al. (1986)
ⓘ Mount Noreen	Jaques et al. (1986)
ⓘ Noonkanbah Hill	Jaques et al. (1986)
Wyndham-East Kimberley Shire ⓘ Argyle Diamond Mine	Atkinson et al. (1984) +5 other references

Austria
Styria Südoststeiermark District Bad Gleichenberg Wilhelmsdorf ⓘ Stradner Kogel	Exel (1993)
Klöch ⓘ Basalt quarry	Taucher (1989)
ⓘ Styrian Basin	Pohl et al. (Austria) +6 other references

Azerbaijan
Lerik District ⓘ Talyshskii	Gupta (2015)

Bangladesh
Rangpur Division Rangpur District Mithapukur ⓘ Mithapukur ultramafic lamprophyres	Md. Aminur Rahman et al. (2013)

Brazil
Espírito Santo Vitória Trindade and Martin Vaz archipelago ⓘ Martin Vaz islands	Cordani (1970) +9 other references
ⓘ Trindade island	doi.org/10.1007/BF00302491 +6 other references
Goiás Amorinópolis ⓘ Amorinópolis complex	Danni +1 other reference
Minas Gerais Monte Carmelo ⓘ Pântano intrusion	Danni et al. (1990)
Poços de Caldas ⓘ PC17 outcrop	Vlach et al. (2018)
ⓘ Poços de Caldas alkaline complex	Guarino et al. (2021) +1 other reference
Santa Catarina ⓘ Lages	1995 +2 other references
São Paulo Águas da Prata ⓘ Cascata	Rafael Hernandes Corrêa-Silva .

Bulgaria
Yambol Province Tundzha Municipality ⓘ Tamarinski Bakagjik Volcano	Stanisheva (1969)

Cameroon
Southwest Region Fako Buea ⓘ Mount Etinde	doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800064128 +10 other references

Canada
Alberta Crowsnest Pass Coleman ⓘ Crows Nest Pass	Peterson +7 other references
British Columbia Cariboo Mining Division Wicheeda Lake ⓘ Wicheeda Carbonatite Complex	Dalsin et al. (2015)
Nunavut Qikiqtaaluk Region Baffin Island ⓘ Napoleon Bay	Hogarth (1997)

Cape Verde
ⓘ Cadamosto Seamount	Barker et al. (2012)
Sotavento Islands ⓘ Fogo Island	Munhá +8 other references
ⓘ Santiago Island	M.M.S. Cabral Pinto et al. (2011) +1 other reference

China
Gansu Longnan Li County ⓘ West Qinling	Yu et al. (2001) +2 other references
Heilongjiang Daxing'anling Songling District ⓘ Xiaogulihe complex	Jian Shao et al. (2009) +2 other references
Heihe Nenjiang County ⓘ Keluo (Ko-lo)	Ogura (1969) +2 other references
Wudalianchi City ⓘ Wudalianchi volcanic cluster	Zhang et al. (1995) +1 other reference
ⓘ Huoshao hill (Huoshaoshan)	Ming Zhang (1984)
ⓘ Laohei hill (Laoheishan)	Ming Zhang (1984)
Qiqihaer Kedong County ⓘ Kedong	OGURA (1969) +2 other references
Henan Luoyang Song County ⓘ Dazhuanggou Mo deposit	Senpo Wen (2009)
ⓘ Zhifang Mo deposit	Senpo Wen et al. (2008)
Hunan Changsha Ningxiang City ⓘ Yunyingwo	Mei et al. (1998)
Inner Mongolia Tongliao City (Tongliao Prefecture) Horqin District (Ke'erqin District) ⓘ Qixingshan	Gupta +1 other reference
Liaoning Dandong ⓘ Saima complex	Ma et al. (2023)
Qinghai Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Zhidoi Co. (Zhiduo Co.) ⓘ Hoh Xil salt lake (Kekexili salt lake)	Wang et al. (2005) +1 other reference
Sichuan Panzhihua Yanbian County ⓘ Ganhaizi	HOUJUN et al. (1989)
ⓘ Jiucaiping	HOUJUN et al. (1989)
Tibet Lhasa Damxung Co. (Dangxiong Co.) ⓘ Rongnido	Le Maitre (2002) +1 other reference
Nagqu Nyima Co. (Nima Co.) ⓘ Dangreyong lake	Zhao et al. (2006) +1 other reference
ⓘ Mibale (Mibalei)	Siping Liao et al. (2002) +1 other reference
ⓘ Wenbu	Ding et al. (2003)
Shuanghu Co. ⓘ Bamaoqiongzong	Guo et al. (2006)
Shuanghu ⓘ Donghu-chibuzhangco	Mo et al. (2006)
Ngari Gêrzê Co. ⓘ Yulinshan	Guo et al. (2006)
Xigazê Prefecture (Rikaze Prefecture; Shigatse Prefecture) Ngamring Co. (Angren Co.) ⓘ Chazi	Ding et al. (2003) +2 other references
Xinjiang Bayin'gholin Autonomous Prefecture Ruoqiang Co. (Qakilik Co.; Chaqiliq Co.) ⓘ Jingyuhu	Le Maitre (2002) +1 other reference
Yunnan Chuxiong Nanhua County ⓘ Ciping	HOUJUN et al. (1989)
Honghe Jianshui County Puxiong ⓘ Puxiong regolith-hosted REE deposit	Wang et al. (2024)

Comoros
ⓘ Mohéli	Strong (1972) +5 other references

Czech Republic
Karlovy Vary Region Cheb District Ovesné Kladruby ⓘ Podhorní hill (Podhora)	Ulrych +8 other references
ⓘ Jáchymov ore district	Ondruš et al. (2003)
Ústí nad Labem Region Chomutov District ⓘ Loučná pod Klínovcem	Pauliš +3 other references
Teplice District Bořislav ⓘ Paškapole	Pauliš
Ústí nad Labem District Chuderov Radešín ⓘ Radešín hill	www.geocities.com/Smula.geo
Vysočina Region Jihlava District Plandry ⓘ Plandry slag locality	Kapusta et al. (2012)

DR Congo
North Kivu Masisi Territory Bahunde ⓘ Nyamuragira volcano	Richard +9 other references
Nyiragongo Territory ⓘ Mikeno Volcano	Combe et al. (1933) +4 other references
ⓘ Nyiragongo Volcano	Strübel +17 other references
South Kivu Kalehe Territory Numbi ⓘ Numbi Intrusion	Denaeyer (1958) +3 other references

Ethiopia
Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region ⓘ Korath Range	Brown et al. (1969)

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes ⓘ Cézallier Massif	Brousse +3 other references
Haute-Loire Le Puy-en-Velay Velay Volcanic Area ⓘ Devés Volcanic Plateau	Brousse +1 other reference
Puy-de-Dôme Riom Saint-Angel ⓘ Menat-Malmouche Maars	Vincent et al. (1977) +1 other reference
Saint-Georges-de-Mons ⓘ Chaȋne de la Sioule Volcanic Field	Brousse +7 other references
French Polynesia Society Islands Windward Islands ⓘ Tahiti Island	Mcbirney et al. (1968) +2 other references
Papeete ⓘ Faataua River (Fautaua)	Tracy et al. (1977)
Occitanie Aveyron Rodez Sévérac-d'Aveyron ⓘ Lapanouse-de-Sévérac slag locality	Eytier J.R. & Ch. et al. (2004)
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Alpes-de-Haute-Provence Forcalquier Saint-Maime ⓘ Saint-Maime mines	Favreau G. et al. (2004)

Georgia
Guria ⓘ Adzharo-Trialetskaya	Kogarko et al. (1995)

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald Titisee-Neustadt ⓘ Titisee glacier	Walenta (1992)
Vogtsburg im Kaiserstuhl Oberrotweil ⓘ Eichberg
Emmendingen Emmendingen ⓘ Maleck	Walenta (1992)
Bavaria Lower Franconia Haßberge District Maroldsweisach ⓘ Zeilberg Quarry	Wittern (2001)
Upper Palatinate Tirschenreuth District Kulmain ⓘ Zinster Kuppe	Weiß (1990)
Hesse Giessen Region Giessen Laubach Gonterskirchen ⓘ Basalt quarry	Weiß (1990)
Kassel Region Hersfeld-Rotenburg Nentershausen Süß Richelsdorf Smelter ⓘ Slag dumps	Weiß (1990)
Rhineland-Palatinate Ahrweiler Brohltal Brenk ⓘ Schellkopf	Brauns (1922)
Burgbrohl ⓘ Herchenberg quarry	Hentschel (1975)
Glees ⓘ Gleeser Felder	Brauns (1922)
Spessart Hannebach ⓘ Hannebacher Ley	Hentschel (1983)
ⓘ Perler Kopf	Brauns (1922)
Wassenach ⓘ Kunkskopf quarry	Hentschel (1975)
Wehr ⓘ Kappiger Ley (Kappiger Lay)	Hopmann
Altenkirchen Daaden-Herdorf Schutzbach ⓘ Grüneau Mine (Grüne Au Mine; Grünau Mine)	Schnorrer et al. (1997)
Mayen-Koblenz Maifeld Ochtendung ⓘ Eiterköpfe quarry	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Karmelenberg quarry	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Wannenköpfe Quarry	Rondorf et al. (1988) +1 other reference
Mayen ⓘ In der Ahl Quarry	Hentschel (1975)
ⓘ Mayener Feld	Hentschel (1973)
Seekante ⓘ Xenolith CS-020	Skrzyńska et al. (2023)
ⓘ Xenolith CS-090 (Hopmannite type locality)	Juroszek et al. (Ti 5 Fe) +1 other reference
Mendig Bell ⓘ Rothenberg Quarry	Hentschel (1975)
Mendig ⓘ Basalt quarries	Brauns (1922)
Hochstein ⓘ Michels Quarry	Hentschel (1973)
ⓘ In den Dellen quarries	Brauns (1922)
ⓘ Rodder Höfe	Brauns (1922)
ⓘ Thelenberg	Brauns (1922)
Wingertsberg ⓘ Pumice quarries	Brauns (1922)
Rieden ⓘ Schorenberg	Brauns (1922)
Pellenz Kruft ⓘ Korretsberg	Hentschel (1975)
ⓘ Krufter Ofen	Brauns (1922)
ⓘ Tönchesberg	Hentschel (1975)
Nickenich ⓘ Nickenicher Sattel	Hentschel (1975)
ⓘ Nickenicher Weinberg	Hentschel (1975)
Plaidt ⓘ Plaidter Hummerich	Weiß (1990)
Vordereifel Ettringen ⓘ Caspar quarry	Hentschel (1987) +1 other reference
ⓘ Karlleuite-bearing xenolith	Juroszek et al. (2024)
Vulkaneifel Daun Daun ⓘ Firmerich	Hentschel (1983)
Dockweiler ⓘ Eselsberg	Personally collected by Günter Frenz +1 other reference
Kirchweiler ⓘ Ringseitert	Hentschel (1987)
Oberstadtfeld ⓘ Kahlenberg	Hentschel (1987) +1 other reference
Schalkenmehren ⓘ Altburg	Weiß (1990)
Strohn ⓘ Wartgesberg	Blaß et al. (2015)
ⓘ Üdersdorf	Hentschel (1989)
ⓘ Emmelberg	Schäfer (1979)
ⓘ Löhley	Hentschel (1983) +1 other reference
Gerolstein Birresborn ⓘ Kalem	A.D. Edgar
Gerolstein Roth ⓘ Rother Kopf	Weiß (1990) +2 other references
Hillesheim ⓘ Graulay quarry	Hentschel (1987)
ⓘ Kyller Höhe	Hentschel (1987)
ⓘ Lierwiese	Hentschel (1987)
Niederbettingen ⓘ Wolfsbeul	Hentschel (1987)
ⓘ Steinrausch	Hentschel (1987)
Hohenfels-Essingen ⓘ Feuerberg	Hentschel (1983)
ⓘ Mühlenberg (Krümmel)	Aufschluss 82 (6)
Kalenborn-Scheuern ⓘ Roßbüsch	Hentschel (1987)
Oberbettingen ⓘ Lühwald	Hentschel (1983)
ⓘ Ruderbusch	Hentschel (1987)
ⓘ Wetschberg	Hentschel (1987)
Oberehe-Stroheich ⓘ Döhmberg	Hentschel (1987)
ⓘ Kahlenberg	Weiß (1990)
Rockeskyll Rockeskyll volcanic complex ⓘ Giesenheld quarry	Hentschel (1983)
ⓘ Mäuseberg quarry	Hentschel (1987)
ⓘ Quarry 1	Hentschel (1987)
ⓘ Quarry 2	Haardt
ⓘ Quarry 3	Hentschel (1987)
Steffeln ⓘ Steffelnkopf	Wittern (2001)
Walsdorf ⓘ Goßberg	Hentschel (1987)
Kelberg Drees ⓘ Niveligsberg	Schüller (1990)

Greenland
Sermersooq Blosseville Coast Cape Dalton ⓘ Wager’s conglomerate locality	Woolley (1987)
Kangerlussuaq Fjord Prinsen af Wales Bjerge ⓘ Batbjerg Mt	Brooks et al. (1981) +1 other reference
Paamiut (Frederikshåb) ⓘ Frederikshåbs Isblink	www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)

Hungary
Baranya County Mohács District ⓘ Bár Volcanic Field	Szederkenyi (1980) +7 other references
Pécs District Hosszúhetény ⓘ Köves Hill	Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec.
ⓘ Phonolite quarry	www.geomania.hu +1 other reference
Nógrád County Salgótarján ⓘ Pécs-kő	EGU / EGS - AGU - EUG Joint Assembly et al. (Bakony-Balaton Highland)
Veszprém County Balatonfüred District Monoszló ⓘ Hegyestű Quarry	XVI ECROFI European Current Research On Fluid Inclusions et al. (Eds F. Noronha, A. Dória and A. Guedes)
Tapolca District ⓘ Bakony-Balaton Highlands	Embey-Isztin et al. (1990) +5 other references

India
Andhra Pradesh Anantapur District ⓘ Penakacherla terrane	Le Maitre (2002) +2 other references
Visakhapatnam District Paderu ⓘ Borra	Gondwana Research 3 (1) +1 other reference
Assam East Karbi Anglong District ⓘ Samchampi-Samteran alkaline igneous complex	S. Nag et al. (1999)
ⓘ Samchampi	Kumar et al. (1989) +1 other reference
Gujarat Chhota Udaipur District Kavant Taluka ⓘ Amba Dongar complex	Deans et al. (1972) +8 other references
ⓘ Siriwasan-Dughda	Sukheswala et al. (1975) +2 other references
Jharkhand Dhanbad District Jharia Coalfield ⓘ Moonidih Colliery	Kaur et al. (2024)
Ramgarh District ⓘ Bokaro coalfield	Basu et al. (1997) +2 other references
Kerala Kollam District Pathanapuram ⓘ Perunthol-Kakkaponnu	Sandiford et al. (1991) +3 other references
Rajasthan Jodhpur Division Sirohi district Mundwara ⓘ Toa (Tua)	Subrahmanyam et al. (1991)
Tamil Nadu Salem District Omalur ⓘ Salem Complex	Naidu (1963) +1 other reference
Tirunelveli District ⓘ Kudangulam dikes	Ramasamy (1996)
Telangana Nalgonda District ⓘ Gundrapalli Lamproite 1	Kaur et al. (2017)
ⓘ Ramadugu Lamproite Field	Sridhar et al. (2005)
Vattikod lamproite ⓘ Marepalli Lamproite dyke ?	Saini et al. (2022)

Indonesia
Central Java Province Jepara Regency ⓘ Muriah	Leterrier et al. (1990) +1 other reference
Central Kalimantan Province Murung Raya Regency ⓘ Kajan	Wagner (1986)
East Java Province Banyuwangi Regency ⓘ Ringgit-Beser volcanic complex	EDWARDS et al. (1994)
Gresik Regency ⓘ Bawean Island	Soeria-Atmadja et al. (1988) +1 other reference
East Nusa Tenggara Province Lembata Regency Komba Island ⓘ Batu Tara Volcano	Brouwer (1940) +2 other references
South Sulawesi Province ⓘ Bila volcanics complex	Van Leeuwen (1981) +3 other references
Maros Regency ⓘ Pic de Maros	Iddings et al. (1915)
West Nusa Tenggara Province Sumbawa Island Bima Regency ⓘ Soromundi Volcano	Foden et al. (1980) +1 other reference
ⓘ Tambora Volcano	Self et al. (1984) +3 other references
West Sumbawa Regency ⓘ Sangenges Volcano	Foden et al. (1980) +2 other references
West Sulawesi Province Mamuju Regency ⓘ Rantedoda-Taan	Firmansyah et al. (2025)

Iran
Ardabil Province Meshgin Shahr County ⓘ Shoshonitic Dyke Swarm	Fadaeian et al. (2022)
East Azerbaijan Province Marand County ⓘ Marand	Le Maitre (2002) +1 other reference
Osku County ⓘ Saray volcano	Stocklin et al. (1973) +4 other references

Italy
Abruzzo L'Aquila Province Carapelle Calvisio ⓘ Colle della Vigna	Biagi et al. (1991)
Carsoli Pietrasecca ⓘ Grotta del Cervo	Bertolani et al. (1994) +4 other references
ⓘ Oricola	Barberi et al. (2001) +3 other references
ⓘ Bosco di Oricola (Bosco di Sèsera)	Barberi et al. (2001) +1 other reference
ⓘ Rocca di Botte	Barberi et al. (2001) +1 other reference
ⓘ Colle San Vito area	Barberi et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Basilicata Potenza Province Melfi ⓘ Melfi village hill	Del Caldo et al. (1973)
ⓘ Vallone Toppo di Lupo	Stoppa et al. (2009)
Rionero in Vulture ⓘ Monte Vulture	La Volpe et al. (1984) +13 other references
Calabria Cosenza Province ⓘ Paola	Bortolozzi (n.d.)
Campania Caserta ⓘ Roccamonfina Volcanic Complex	uri et al. (1991) +33 other references
Conca della Campania ⓘ Orchi	Ghiara et al. (1973)
ⓘ Roccamonfina	Betts (n.d.)
Sessa Aurunca ⓘ Fontanaradina	Del Caldo et al. (1973)
ⓘ Santa Maria a Valogno	Pezzotta et al. (1992)
Metropolitan City of Naples Ercolano ⓘ Eremo (Observatory hill; Collina del Salvatore)	Del Caldo et al. (1973)
ⓘ Scala lava flow	Scacchi (1882) +1 other reference
ⓘ Vallone di San Sebastiano	Gruppo Mineralogico Geologico ...
Ischia Island ⓘ Forio	Bortolozzi (n.d.)
ⓘ Mount Somma (TL)	[Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23 +1 other reference
ⓘ Mount Vesuvius	Scacchi
ⓘ Ottaviano	Balassone et al. (2013)
ⓘ Phlegraean Fields	De Stefani (1905)
ⓘ Pollena Trocchia	Passaglia et al. (1983)
Pozzuoli ⓘ Monte Olibano	francesco civero 2013
ⓘ Solfatara di Pozzuoli	Francesco Civero collection
ⓘ Procida Island	Russo (2008) +1 other reference
ⓘ San Giuseppe Vesuviano	Parascandola (1947)
ⓘ Somma Vesuviana	Parascandola (1947 a)
Torre Annunziata ⓘ Oncino lava flow (Uncino lava flow)	Scacchi (1882)
Torre del Greco ⓘ Camaldoli della Torre	Scacchi (1882)
ⓘ Villa Inglese quarries	Scacchi (1882) +2 other references
ⓘ Somma-Vesuvius Complex	Hamilton (1776) +31 other references
Lazio Frosinone Province Ceccano ⓘ Colle Spinazzeta	Angelucci A. et al. (1974)
ⓘ La Palombara	Angelucci A. et al. (1974)
ⓘ Monti Ernici	Civetta et al. (1981) +7 other references
ⓘ Pofi	Mattias P.P. (1969) +2 other references
Latina Province ⓘ Ventotene	Metrich et al. (1988) +2 other references
Metropolitan City of Rome Capital ⓘ Alban Hills	Knuever et al. (2023)
Albano Laziale ⓘ I Cappuccini (Cappuccini Quarry)	Tilley et al. (1953) +2 other references
ⓘ Anguillara Sabazia	Mattei L. (2008)
ⓘ Le Crocicchie leucitite quarry (Crocicchie leucitite flow)	Washington (1897) +1 other reference
ⓘ Ariccia	De Michele (1974)
ⓘ Parco Chigi	Andreoli et al. (1978)
Bracciano Castel Giuliano ⓘ Pianciano	Dario Di Domenico collection +1 other reference
Campagnano di Roma ⓘ Ficoreto carbonatite	Stoppa et al. (2019)
Castel Gandolfo ⓘ Spiaggia del Lago Road	Caprilli (2000)
Cesano geothermal field ⓘ Cesano 4 well	Funiciello et al. (1979)
ⓘ Frascati	von Buch (1800) +2 other references
Manziana ⓘ Caldera di Manziana	Pinzari et al. (2021)
Monte Compatri Laghetto (Laghetto di Montecompatri) ⓘ Laghetto quarries	Stoppani et al. (1982) +3 other references
Rocca di Papa ⓘ Campi di Annibale (Campus Hannibalis; Hannibal Fields)	Viola (1899) +1 other reference
ⓘ Rome	Martinelli (1904) +2 other references
ⓘ Acqua Acetosa	Zambonini (1898) +3 other references
ⓘ Capo di Bove	vom Rath (1866) +3 other references
ⓘ Corcolle Quarry	Del Caldo (1971) +1 other reference
Le Capannelle ⓘ Casal Rotondo quarries	Fornaseri et al. (1969) +3 other references
Osteria dell'Osa ⓘ Osa Quarry	Fornaseri et al. (1969) +7 other references
Valleranello ⓘ Vallerano Quarries	Zambonini (1902) +6 other references
Sacrofano ⓘ Biachella Valley	M.E. Ciriotti collection (EDS probed) +1 other reference
ⓘ Stracciacappe caldera	Gresta et al. (2002)
ⓘ Monti Sabatini Volcanic District	Cundari (1979) +9 other references
Viterbo Province ⓘ Bolsena	- (2005)
Capranica ⓘ Campo Padella	Bortolozzi (n.d.)
ⓘ Cassia Road km 61.5	Bortolozzi (n.d.)
ⓘ Caprarola	Stoppani et al. (1982)
ⓘ Civita Castellana	von Buch (1800) +1 other reference
ⓘ Borghetto	von Buch (1800) +1 other reference
Gradoli ⓘ Trachyte quarry	Rath
ⓘ Montefiascone	Di Battistini et al. (2001) +1 other reference
ⓘ Forcinello carbonatite	Stoppa et al. (2019)
ⓘ Montefiascone caldera	Di Battistini et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Onano ⓘ Montenero Quarry	Ciriotti et al. (2011)
ⓘ Ronciglione	Klaproth (1807)
ⓘ Vetralla
ⓘ Vico volcanic complex (Vico Lake)	Laurenzi +11 other references
Viterbo ⓘ Poggio Nibbio	Del Caldo et al. (1973)
ⓘ Vulsini Volcanic Complex	- (2005)
Sicily Metropolitan City of Catania Etna Volcanic Complex ⓘ Mount Etna	Chester +10 other references
Metropolitan City of Messina Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands) Lipari ⓘ Stromboli Island	Francalanci et al. (Aeolian Arc, Italy) +59 other references
ⓘ Vulcano Island	Barberi et al. (1974) +6 other references
Tuscany Grosseto Province Pitigliano ⓘ Case Collina	V. de Michele - Località Mineralogiche consigliate:Pitigliano - Notizie del Gruppo Min. Lombardo et al. (This publication later changed its name in Rivista Minealogica Italiana)
ⓘ Pian di Valle - Nardeci quarries (Europomice quarries; Casale Pietrazzoli quarries)	Capaccioni B. et al. (1994)
Umbria Perugia Province Spoleto ⓘ Colle Fabbri	Laurenzi et al. (1994) +8 other references
Terni Province Orvieto ⓘ Titignano	Stoppa et al. (1995)
ⓘ Polino	Stoppa +6 other references
San Venanzo ⓘ San Venanzo Volcano	Stoppa et al. (1998) +2 other references
ⓘ Vispi Quarry	Sabatini (1899) +13 other references

Ivory Coast
Woroba Worodougou Séguéla department Bobi occurrence ⓘ Intermediate Dike	Bardet (1974)
ⓘ Prince dike	Bardet (1974)
ⓘ Princess Dike	Bardet (1974)

Japan
Gunma Prefecture Fujioka City ⓘ Tatarazawa

Kazakhstan
North Kazakhstan Region Timiryazev District ⓘ Ishimsky	Gupta (2015)

Kiribati
ⓘ Line Islands	Natland et al. (1976) +1 other reference

Kosovo
Gjilan District Viti ⓘ Devaje	Altherr et al. (2004) +2 other references

Libya
Wadi al Shatii District ⓘ Jabal Al Hasawinah	BUSREWIL et al. (1991)

Madagascar
Atsinanana Vatomandry District Ambalavolo ⓘ Takarindoha Volcanic Field	Lacroix (1923)
Diana Ambanja District Anorotsangana ⓘ Bezavona Massif	Lacroix (1922) +2 other references
Nosy Be ⓘ Nosy-Be Island	Lacroix (1922) +5 other references
ⓘ Nosy Komba	Behier (1963)

Malawi
Southern Region Phalombe ⓘ Tundulu Ring Complex	Garson (1962) +5 other references

Malaysia
Pahang Maran District ⓘ Segamat-Kampong Jabi lava flows	Grubb (1965) +2 other references

Mexico
Jalisco Colima volcanic complex ⓘ Colima volcano (Volcan de Fuego; Volcan de Colima)	Gupta (2015)

Mongolia
Arkhangai Province Hangai highland Tariat Volcanic Province ⓘ Shavaryn Tsaram	Ionov (1986) +6 other references
Bayan-Ölgii Province ⓘ Gobi Altai volcanic field	Kepezhinskas +2 other references
Khovd Province Myangad District Khaldzan Buragtag massif ⓘ Khalzan Buregte Zr–Nb–REE deposit (Khalzan Buregtei deposit)	Kovalenko et al. (1995)
Töv Province Bayan District ⓘ Nyalga combustion metamorphic complexes	Peretyazhko et al. (2017)
Uvs Province Naranbulag District ⓘ Ulaan Ushig Uul Volcanic field	Yarmolyuk +1 other reference

Montenegro
Mojkovac Municipality ⓘ Koritnik occurrence	Cvetković et al. (2004) +1 other reference

Morocco
Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab Region Aousserd Province Aousserd Caïdat ⓘ Awsard massif	Bea et al. (2013)
Rabat-Salé-Kénitra Region Khémisset Province Oulmès Cercle ⓘ Oulmes Volcanic Area	Gentil +9 other references

Namibia
Khomas Region Windhoek Rural Aris ⓘ Aris Quarries	Rocks & Min. (2007)
ⓘ Auas Mountains Occurrences	Gevers (1933) +3 other references

North Korea
North Hamgyong Province Myonggan County ⓘ Kilchu-Mongshon Volcanic Field	Lee (ed) +4 other references

North Macedonia
Demir Kapija Municipality ⓘ Kurešnička Krasta	Terzić +5 other references
Kumanovo Municipality ⓘ Mlado Nagoričane	Tomič +9 other references
Sveti Nikole Municipality ⓘ Ježevo Brdo	Terzić +5 other references
ⓘ Ovce Polje occurrence	Tomič +1 other reference

Norway
Agder Arendal Barbudalen Steinsås ⓘ ~~Langsæv Mine~~	Holm (1824)
ⓘ Egersund Basin	Furnes et al. (1982) +1 other reference
Jan Mayen Island ⓘ Beerenberg volcano	Carstens (1963) +3 other references
Vestfold Larvik Commune ⓘ ~~Stavern (Fredriksvärn)~~	Schumacher (1801) +1 other reference

Pacific Ocean
ⓘ North Arch Volcanic Field	Clague et al. (1990)

Papua New Guinea
New Ireland Province Feni Islands ⓘ Ambitle Island	Johnson et al. (1976) +3 other references

Paraguay
Guairá Department ⓘ Ybytyruzú	Presser et al. (2014)
Paraguarí Department ⓘ Sapukai (Sapucai; Sapucay)	Woolley (1987)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Kłodzko County Gmina Nowa Ruda Przygórze Bolesław Mine ⓘ Przygórze heap	Kruszewski et al. (Lower Silesian Coal Basin)
Silesian Voivodeship Katowice ⓘ Wełnowiec-Józefowiec	Warchulski et al. (2016)
ⓘ Katowice - Piekary Śląskie area slag dumps	Warchulski et al. (2015)
Piekary Śląskie Brzeziny Śląskie Orzeł Biały mine ⓘ Orzeł Biały dumps	Warchulski et al. (2015)
Rybnik Niedobczyce ⓘ Rybnik-Rymer (Stożki) coal-mining dump ?	Kruszewski et al. (2020)
Świętochłowice ⓘ Guidotto zinc smelter slag locality	Zainoun K. et al. (2003)

Romania
Brașov County ⓘ Racoş (Racoşul de Jos)	Szakáll
Timiș Gătaia ⓘ Sumiga Hill	Seghedi I. (2006)

Russia
Aldan Shield Chara and Tokko Rivers Confluence ⓘ Murunskii Massif	Konev et al. (1993)
Chelyabinsk Oblast ⓘ Chelyabinsk coal basin	Cesnokov et al. (1998)
Kamchatka Krai Milkovsky District Tolbachik Volcanic field Great Fissure eruption (Main Fracture) Northern Breakthrough (North Breach) Second scoria cone ⓘ Arsenatnaya fumarole	Shchipalkina et al. (2020)
ⓘ Mountain 1004	Shchipalkina et al. (2020)
ⓘ Southern fumarole field	Shchipalkina et al. (2020)
ⓘ Western paleo-fumarole field	Shchipalkina et al. (2020)
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Khibiny Massif	...
ⓘ ~~Lovozero Massif~~	...
Sakha Aldan ⓘ Inagli Massif	Okrugin et al. (2018)
ⓘ Lomam Massif	Gupta (2015)
ⓘ Rododendron Massif	Gupta (2015)
ⓘ Ryabinoviy pipe	Chayka +9 other references
ⓘ Yakokut Massif	Gupta (2015)
Polar Yakutia ⓘ Tomtor Massif	S.M. Kravchenko

Saint Helena， Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
ⓘ Tristan da Cunha Archipelago	Gupta (2015)
ⓘ Nightingale Island	Baker et al. (1964) +1 other reference
ⓘ Tristan da Cunha Island	Baker et al. (1964) +2 other references

Serbia
Central Serbia Kolubara District Valjevo ⓘ Mionica occurrence	Cvetković et al. (2004) +1 other reference
ⓘ Zabrdica Volcanic Field	Cvetković et al. (2004) +5 other references
Moravica District Gornji Milanovac ⓘ Borač Volcanic Complex	Cvetkovic et al. (2000) +7 other references
ⓘ Ozrem occurrence	Cvetković et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Pčinja District Preševo ⓘ Cer occurrence	Kostić +3 other references
ⓘ Slavujevac basanite occurrence	Kostić +3 other references
Zaječar District Boljevac ⓘ Bogovina occurrence	Glišic +2 other references
Zlatibor District Sjenica ⓘ Trijebine occurrence	Cvetković et al. (2004) +1 other reference

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Rimavská Sobota District Hajnáčka Hajnáčka sapphire occurrence ⓘ Gortva	Uher P.
Konrádovce ⓘ Konrádovce quarry	Koděra et al. (1986)
Zvolen District ⓘ Ostrá Lúka	Spišiak et al. (2022) +1 other reference

Solomon Islands
Malaita Province ⓘ Malaita Island	Allen et al. (1965) +3 other references

South Africa
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality Moses Kotane Local Municipality ⓘ Pilanesberg Alkaline Ring Complex	Mitchell et al. (2004)
ⓘ Pilanesberg Mountain	Cairncross et al. (1995)

South Korea
North Gyeongsang Province Ulleung County ⓘ Ulleungdo	Kim +7 other references

Spain
Andalusia Almería Vera ⓘ Cabezo Maria Volcanic Field	essai de synthese. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France (3) +9 other references
Canary Islands Las Palmas Province Fuerteventura Fuerteventura Basal Complex ⓘ Esquinzo ultra-alkaline complex	Casillas et al. (2024)
Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province Tenerife Candelaria Barranco Hondo ⓘ Lava flow	Dill et al. (2023)
Castile-La Mancha Albacete Hellín Cancarix lamproite intrusion ⓘ Sierra de las Cabras	Salvioli-Mariani et al. (1996)
Ciudad Real ⓘ Campo de Calatrava volcanic field	Stoppa et al. (2012)
Ciudad Real ⓘ El Arzollar volcano	Calvo et al. (2013)
Villamayor de Calatrava ⓘ El Morrón quarry	Calvo Rebollar (2018)
Catalonia Girona ⓘ Northeast Volcanic Province	Donville (1973) +8 other references
Murcia Jumilla La Celia lamproite outcrops ⓘ Nuestra Señora del Carmen Mines	Salvioli-Mariani et al. (1996)
Moratalla ⓘ Casa de la Puerta lamporite dike	Férriz et al. (1994) +1 other reference
ⓘ Cortijo de Tamayo lamproite dike	Férriz et al. (1994) +1 other reference

Sweden
Skåne County Hässleholm ⓘ Sandåkra	The Swedish Museum of Natural History ... +1 other reference

Switzerland
Schaffhausen Lohn ⓘ Glacial erratics occurrence	Stalder et al. (1998)

Taiwan
Taoyuan City Daxi district ⓘ Tsaolingshan volcano	Wen-Shing Juang (1993)
ⓘ Tsaolingshan Lava Field	Huang et al. (1985) +2 other references

Tajikistan
Gorno-Badakhshan ⓘ Dunkeldyksky alkaline complex (Dunkeldik carbonatite–syenite complex)	Solovova et al. (2006, October)

Tanzania
Kilimanjaro Region ⓘ Mount Kilimanjaro	Anthony et al. (2016)
ⓘ Mount Kibo	Stern (1969)

Turkey
Afyon Province ⓘ Kirka-Afyon-Suhut-Isparta Volcanic Field	Keller et al. (1972) +18 other references
Amasya Province Amasya City ⓘ Amasya Volcanic Field	Eyuboglu et al. (2011) +1 other reference
Ankara Province Kalecik District ⓘ Kalecik Lava Field	Varol (2013) +1 other reference
Bayburt Province Bayburt ⓘ Everek Hanlari Volcanic Field	Altherr et al. (2008) +1 other reference
Burdur Province Bucak District ⓘ Bucak Lava Field	Lefevre et al. (1983) +4 other references
Eskişehir Province Beylikova District ⓘ Kizilcaören REE deposits (Kyzylkaoren)	Beylikahir-Eskişehir et al. (2-3) +2 other references
Kırşehir Province Kaman District Hamitköy Complex ⓘ Kaman	LÜNEL et al. (103-104)
ⓘ Kalehöyük
Malatya Province Darende District ⓘ Basören Occurrence	Leo et al. (1974) +2 other references
Manisa Province Kula District ⓘ Kula volcanic field	Le Maitre (1989) +7 other references
Trabzon Province ⓘ Eastern Pontides Volcanic Province	Arslan et al. (1997) +3 other references
ⓘ Trabzon	Sebastian Axt +1 other reference

UK
England Devon Exeter ⓘ Exeter Volcanic Series	Miller et al. (1962) +5 other references

United States Minor Outlying Islands
ⓘ Wake Island	Natland et al. (1976) +1 other reference

USA
Arizona ⓘ Navajo County	...
Arkansas ⓘ Hot Spring County	Howard (2007)
Magnet Cove ⓘ Diamond Jo Quarry	Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)
ⓘ Jones Mill Quarry	Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)
ⓘ Magnet Cove Rutile Company deposits	V.C. Fryklund and D.F. Holbrook (1950)
Pope County ⓘ Dare Mine Knob	Eby et al. (2025)
California Inyo County Deep Springs Valley ⓘ Unnamed Leucite occurrence [1]	Nash (1964) +3 other references
Maine Kennebec County ⓘ ~~Litchfield~~	...
Montana Chouteau County ⓘ Highwood Mountains	American Mineralogist 23:837
ⓘ Lamproitic dike	Kuehner et al. (2003, June)
ⓘ Shonkin Sag laccolith	A differentiated alkaline intrusion +1 other reference
Garfield County ⓘ Smoky Butte (Smoky Butte Lamproite)	... +1 other reference
Hill County ⓘ Bearpaw Mountains	www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens
New Jersey Sussex County Wantage Township Libertyville ⓘ Beemerville main nepheline-syenite mass	Wilkerson (1946)
New Mexico Cibola County ⓘ Mount Taylor region	Northrop et al. (1996)
McKinley County Todilto Park ⓘ Beelzebub	Northrop et al. (1996)
Mora County ⓘ Fort Union area	Northrop et al. (1996)
Wyoming Sweetwater County ⓘ Leucite Hills Mining District	Hausel et al. (2001)
ⓘ Black Rock	GSA Bull (1903)
ⓘ Boars Tusk	GSA Bull (1903)
ⓘ Cabin Butte (Osborn Mesa)	Kemp et al. (1903)
ⓘ Hatcher Mesa	Barton
ⓘ Iddings Butte	Kemp et al. (1903)
ⓘ Matthews Hill	GSA Bull (1903)
ⓘ Middle Table Mountain	Mitchell et al. (1999)
ⓘ Spring Butte (Orenda Mesa)	GSA Bull (1903)
ⓘ Steamboat Mountain	GSA Bull (1903)
ⓘ Twin Rocks (Badgers Teeth)	GSA Bull (1903)
ⓘ Zirkel Mesa	Färber (n.d.)

Vietnam
Lai Châu Province Tam Đường District ⓘ Pu Sam Cap Complex	Polyakov +2 other references

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Leucite

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