Thurein-taung, Kyauk-Pyat-That, Mogok Township, Pyin-Oo-Lwin District, Mandalay Region, Myanmari
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Thurein-taung | - not defined - |
| Kyauk-Pyat-That | - not defined - |
| Mogok Township | Township |
| Pyin-Oo-Lwin District | District |
| Mandalay Region | Region |
| Myanmar | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
22° 54' 11'' North , 96° 22' 19'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Mogok | 90,843 (2016) | 14.2km |
The area at Thurein-taung (Sun Hill) consists of a mixture of distinctly different and quite complex geological environments. The area has been noted for its huge caverns, some of which have not been fully explored and are very dangerous.
The principle rocks are syenite, gneiss and diopside marble. Open-pit, lebin and myaw-dwin are used to recover mostly rubies, spinels and blue sapphires from the weathered alluvium. Gems are also recovered using loo-dwin method. Rubies and spinels are recovered from different types of marble on the SE and NE of Thurein-taung, using gwè-dwin. Over the years multi-level tunnelling schemes were developed.
Since the discovery of rich sapphire-bearing pockets in 1962 many high quality, large size blue sapphires have been mined. Cabochon and faceting grade blue sapphires of all qualities and sizes, as well as asteriated examples, are also found.
Blue sapphires are also recovered in small pockets from the adjacent dike and skarn. - Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
The principle rocks are syenite, gneiss and diopside marble. Open-pit, lebin and myaw-dwin are used to recover mostly rubies, spinels and blue sapphires from the weathered alluvium. Gems are also recovered using loo-dwin method. Rubies and spinels are recovered from different types of marble on the SE and NE of Thurein-taung, using gwè-dwin. Over the years multi-level tunnelling schemes were developed.
Since the discovery of rich sapphire-bearing pockets in 1962 many high quality, large size blue sapphires have been mined. Cabochon and faceting grade blue sapphires of all qualities and sizes, as well as asteriated examples, are also found.
Blue sapphires are also recovered in small pockets from the adjacent dike and skarn. - Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities30 valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | 'Pyrochlore Group' | 4.00. | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| ⓘ | 'var. Zero valent dominant member of Pyrochlore Group' | 4.00. | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| ⓘ | Spinel | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
| ⓘ | var. Pleonaste | 4.BB.05 | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| ⓘ | Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | 4.CB. | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 |
| ⓘ | Corundum | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Corundum var. Ruby | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
| ⓘ | var. Sapphire | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
| ⓘ | var. Star Sapphire | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
| ⓘ | var. Star Ruby | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Srilankite | 4.DB.25 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Columbite-(Mn) | 4.DB.35 | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| ⓘ | Anatase | 4.DD.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Baddeleyite | 4.DE.35 | ZrO2 |
| ⓘ | Oxycalciopyrochlore | 4.DH.15 | Ca2Nb2O6O |
| ⓘ | var. Titan-uranoan Oxycalciopyrochlore | 4.DH.15 | (Ca,U,Na)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(O,OH) |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| Group 6 - Borates | |||
| ⓘ | Painite | 6.AB.85 | CaZrAl9(BO3)O15 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Fergusonite-(Y) | 7.GA.05 | YNbO4 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Monazite-(Gd) | 8.AD. | Gd(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Xenotime-(Y) | 8.AD.35 | Y(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Monazite-(Ce) | 8.AD.50 | Ce(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Brockite | 8.CJ.45 | (Ca,Th,Ce)PO4 · H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Almandine | 9.AD.25 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Thorite | 9.AD.30 | Th(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | var. Hafnian Zircon | 9.AD.30 | (Zr,Hf)SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Dravite | 9.CK.05 | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Elbaite | 9.CK.05 | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Schorl | 9.CK.05 | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Aegirine | 9.DA.25 | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | var. Titanium-bearing Aegirine | 9.DA.25 | Na(Fe,Ti)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Pargasite | 9.DE.15 | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Anorthite | 9.FA.35 | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Labradorite | 9.FA.35 | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Moonstone' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Zirconolite-3T' | - | (Ca,REE)2Zr2(Ti,Nb)3FeO14 |
| ⓘ | 'Mica Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Scapolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| ⓘ | 'Axinite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Unnamed (Al-Th Oxide)' | - | Al2Th3O9 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Brockite | (Ca,Th,Ce)PO4 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| H | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 |
| H | ⓘ Oxycalciopyrochlore var. Titan-uranoan Oxycalciopyrochlore | (Ca,U,Na)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(O,OH) |
| Li | Lithium | |
| Li | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Painite | CaZrAl9(BO3)O15 |
| B | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Anatase | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| O | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Baddeleyite | ZrO2 |
| O | ⓘ Brockite | (Ca,Th,Ce)PO4 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Corundum | Al2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Painite | CaZrAl9(BO3)O15 |
| O | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Corundum var. Ruby | Al2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Corundum var. Sapphire | Al2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Srilankite | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Zirconolite-3T | (Ca,REE)2Zr2(Ti,Nb)3FeO14 |
| O | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 |
| O | ⓘ Zircon var. Hafnian Zircon | (Zr,Hf)SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| O | ⓘ Corundum var. Star Sapphire | Al2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Corundum var. Star Ruby | Al2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Unnamed (Al-Th Oxide) | Al2Th3O9 |
| O | ⓘ Aegirine var. Titanium-bearing Aegirine | Na(Fe,Ti)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Oxycalciopyrochlore | Ca2Nb2O6O |
| O | ⓘ Oxycalciopyrochlore var. Titan-uranoan Oxycalciopyrochlore | (Ca,U,Na)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(O,OH) |
| O | ⓘ Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Na | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Aegirine var. Titanium-bearing Aegirine | Na(Fe,Ti)Si2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Oxycalciopyrochlore var. Titan-uranoan Oxycalciopyrochlore | (Ca,U,Na)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(O,OH) |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Mg | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Corundum | Al2O3 |
| Al | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Al | ⓘ Painite | CaZrAl9(BO3)O15 |
| Al | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Corundum var. Ruby | Al2O3 |
| Al | ⓘ Corundum var. Sapphire | Al2O3 |
| Al | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 |
| Al | ⓘ Corundum var. Star Sapphire | Al2O3 |
| Al | ⓘ Corundum var. Star Ruby | Al2O3 |
| Al | ⓘ Unnamed (Al-Th Oxide) | Al2Th3O9 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon var. Hafnian Zircon | (Zr,Hf)SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Aegirine var. Titanium-bearing Aegirine | Na(Fe,Ti)Si2O6 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Brockite | (Ca,Th,Ce)PO4 · H2O |
| P | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| P | ⓘ Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Ca | ⓘ Brockite | (Ca,Th,Ce)PO4 · H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Ca | ⓘ Painite | CaZrAl9(BO3)O15 |
| Ca | ⓘ Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Zirconolite-3T | (Ca,REE)2Zr2(Ti,Nb)3FeO14 |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| Ca | ⓘ Oxycalciopyrochlore | Ca2Nb2O6O |
| Ca | ⓘ Oxycalciopyrochlore var. Titan-uranoan Oxycalciopyrochlore | (Ca,U,Na)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(O,OH) |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Anatase | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Srilankite | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTiO(SiO4) |
| Ti | ⓘ Zirconolite-3T | (Ca,REE)2Zr2(Ti,Nb)3FeO14 |
| Ti | ⓘ Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Aegirine var. Titanium-bearing Aegirine | Na(Fe,Ti)Si2O6 |
| Ti | ⓘ Oxycalciopyrochlore var. Titan-uranoan Oxycalciopyrochlore | (Ca,U,Na)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(O,OH) |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Zirconolite-3T | (Ca,REE)2Zr2(Ti,Nb)3FeO14 |
| Fe | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Aegirine var. Titanium-bearing Aegirine | Na(Fe,Ti)Si2O6 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 |
| Y | Yttrium | |
| Y | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| Y | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Baddeleyite | ZrO2 |
| Zr | ⓘ Painite | CaZrAl9(BO3)O15 |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Zr | ⓘ Zirconolite-3T | (Ca,REE)2Zr2(Ti,Nb)3FeO14 |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon var. Hafnian Zircon | (Zr,Hf)SiO4 |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| Nb | ⓘ Zirconolite-3T | (Ca,REE)2Zr2(Ti,Nb)3FeO14 |
| Nb | ⓘ Oxycalciopyrochlore | Ca2Nb2O6O |
| Nb | ⓘ Oxycalciopyrochlore var. Titan-uranoan Oxycalciopyrochlore | (Ca,U,Na)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(O,OH) |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | ⓘ Brockite | (Ca,Th,Ce)PO4 · H2O |
| Ce | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| Gd | Gadolinium | |
| Gd | ⓘ Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| Hf | Hafnium | |
| Hf | ⓘ Zircon var. Hafnian Zircon | (Zr,Hf)SiO4 |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | ⓘ Oxycalciopyrochlore var. Titan-uranoan Oxycalciopyrochlore | (Ca,U,Na)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(O,OH) |
| Th | Thorium | |
| Th | ⓘ Brockite | (Ca,Th,Ce)PO4 · H2O |
| Th | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| Th | ⓘ Unnamed (Al-Th Oxide) | Al2Th3O9 |
| U | Uranium | |
| U | ⓘ Oxycalciopyrochlore var. Titan-uranoan Oxycalciopyrochlore | (Ca,U,Na)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(O,OH) |
Localities in this Region
- Mandalay Region
- Pyin-Oo-Lwin District
- Mogok Township
- Kyauk-Pyat-That
- Thurein-taung
- Kyauk-Pyat-That
- Mogok Township
- Pyin-Oo-Lwin District
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
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References
Sutherland, Frederick; Zaw, Khin; Meffre, Sebastien; Thompson, Jay; Goemann, Karsten; Thu, Kyaw; Nu, Than; Zin, Mazlinfalina; Harris, Stephen (2019) Diversity in Ruby Geochemistry and Its Inclusions: Intra- and Inter-Continental Comparisons from Myanmar and Eastern Australia. Minerals, 9 (1). p.28. doi:10.3390/min9010028
Thurein-taung, Kyauk-Pyat-That, Mogok Township, Pyin-Oo-Lwin District, Mandalay Region, Myanmar