Stannite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Stannite
Formula:
Cu2FeSnS4
Often contains Zn replacing Fe, and sometimes also traces of Ge.
Colour:
Grey, black with an olive-green tint, tarnishes pale blue
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
4.3 - 4.5
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
The name reflects its tin (Latin = "STANNum") content.
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
Easily confused with its dimorph ferrokësterite.
Compare petrukite, 'UM1982-12-S:CuFeSn' and 'UM1984-31-S:CuFeSn'.
Compare petrukite, 'UM1982-12-S:CuFeSn' and 'UM1984-31-S:CuFeSn'.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3747
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3747:7
IMA Classification of Stannite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu1+2Fe2+Sn4+S2-4
First published:
1797
Classification of Stannite
2.CB.15a
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.
2.9.2.1
2 : SULFIDES
9 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:1
2 : SULFIDES
9 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:1
6.1.6
6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
1 : Sulphostannates and other sulfides containing Sn
6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
1 : Sulphostannates and other sulfides containing Sn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Stn | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Stn | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Stannite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Grey, black with an olive-green tint, tarnishes pale blue
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN25=216 - 265 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Indistinct on {110} {001}
Indistinct on {110} {001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.3 - 4.5 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.49 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Stannite
Anisotropism:
Distinct violet - slate green
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 21.4% | 22.2% |
| 440nm | 23.5% | 24.7% |
| 480nm | 26.2% | 27.0% |
| 520nm | 27.7% | 28.3% |
| 560nm | 27.6% | 28.3% |
| 600nm | 27.0% | 27.6% |
| 640nm | 26.6% | 27.1% |
| 680nm | 26.5% | 27.0% |
| 700nm | 26.7% | 27.1% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 28.3%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Gray with olive green tinge.
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Indistinct in air, distinct in oil.
Chemistry of Stannite
Mindat Formula:
Cu2FeSnS4
Often contains Zn replacing Fe, and sometimes also traces of Ge.
Often contains Zn replacing Fe, and sometimes also traces of Ge.
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ag,Zn,Cd,In
Crystallography of Stannite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
42m - Scalenohedral
Space Group:
I42m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.4432 Å, c = 10.7299 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.971
Unit Cell V:
317.91 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Rarely as crystals
Twinning:
Penetration twins on {102}. Twin axis {112}, Composition plane {112}.
Polysynthetic in polished section.
Polysynthetic in polished section.
Crystallographic forms of Stannite
Crystal Atlas:
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0010546 | Stannite | Brockway L O (1934) The crystal structure of stannite, Cu2FeSnS4 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 89 434-441 | ![]() | 1934 | Oruro, Bolivia | 0 | 293 |
| 0005840 | Stannite | Bonazzi P, Bindi L, Bernardini G P, Menchetti S (2003) A model for the mechanism of incorporation of Cu, Fe and Zn in the stannite - kesterite series, Cu2FeSnS4 - Cu2ZnSnS4 The Canadian Mineralogist 41 639-647 | ![]() | 2003 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005839 | Stannite | Bonazzi P, Bindi L, Bernardini G P, Menchetti S (2003) A model for the mechanism of incorporation of Cu, Fe and Zn in the stannite - kesterite series, Cu2FeSnS4 - Cu2ZnSnS4 The Canadian Mineralogist 41 639-647 | ![]() | 2003 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005838 | Stannite | Bonazzi P, Bindi L, Bernardini G P, Menchetti S (2003) A model for the mechanism of incorporation of Cu, Fe and Zn in the stannite - kesterite series, Cu2FeSnS4 - Cu2ZnSnS4 The Canadian Mineralogist 41 639-647 | ![]() | 2003 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005152 | Stannite | Hall S R, Szymanski J T, Stewart J M (1978) Kesterite, Cu2(Zn,Fe)SnS4, and stannite, Cu2(Fe,Zn)SnS4, structurally similar but distinct minerals The Canadian Mineralogist 16 131-137 | ![]() | 1978 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.11 Å | (100) |
| 1.908 Å | (80) |
| 1.640 Å | (60) |
| 1.623 Å | (60) |
| 2.427 Å | (50) |
| 1.784 Å | (50) |
| 1.240 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) | |
| 15 : Black/white smoker minerals and other seafloor hydrothermal minerals | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Stannite
Synonyms of Stannite
Other Language Names for Stannite
Catalan:Estannita
Dutch:Stanniet
German:Stannit
Kassiterolamprit
Stannin
Zinnkies
Zinnkupferglanz
Zinnerz (in part)
Kassiterolamprit
Stannin
Zinnkies
Zinnkupferglanz
Zinnerz (in part)
Lombard:Stannite
Norwegian:Tinnkis
Russian:Станнит
Spanish:Kassiterolamprita
Stannita
Stannita
Varieties of Stannite
| Zinc-bearing Stannite | A zinc-bearing variety of stannite. |
Relationship of Stannite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Stannite Group:
| Briartite | Cu2FeGeS4 | Tet. |
| Černýite | Cu2CdSnS4 | Tet. 42m : I42m |
| Famatinite | Cu3SbS4 | Tet. 42m : I42m |
| Ferrokësterite | Cu2FeSnS4 | Tet. 4 : I4 |
| Hocartite | Ag2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4 | Tet. 42m : I42m |
| Kësterite | Cu2ZnSnS4 | Tet. 4 : I4 |
| Keutschite | Cu2AgAsS4 | Tet. 42m : I42m |
| Kuramite | Cu3SnS4 | Tet. 42m : I42m |
| Luzonite | Cu3AsS4 | Tet. 42m : I42m |
| Omariniite | Cu8Fe2ZnGe2S12 | Orth. 222 : I222 |
| Permingeatite | Cu3SbSe4 | Tet. 42m : I42m |
| Petrukite | (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
| Pirquitasite | Ag2ZnSnS4 | Tet. 4 : I4 |
| Richardsite | Zn2CuGaS4 | Tet. 42m : I42m |
| Stannoidite | Cu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12 | Orth. 222 : I222 |
| 'UM1984-30-S:CuFeSn' | Cu2Fe2Sn3S7 | |
| 'Unnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide)' | CuZn2InS4 | |
| Velikite | Cu2HgSnS4 | Tet. 4 : I4 |
| Zincobriartite | Cu2(Zn,Fe)(Ge,Ga)S4 | Tet. 42m : I42m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 380 photos of Stannite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 302 photos of Stannite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 278 photos of Stannite associated with Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| 219 photos of Stannite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 190 photos of Stannite associated with Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| 163 photos of Stannite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 143 photos of Stannite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 103 photos of Stannite associated with Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| 97 photos of Stannite associated with Zinkenite | Pb9Sb22S42 |
| 69 photos of Stannite associated with 'Andorite' | AgPbSb3S6 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.CB. | Richardsite | Zn2CuGaS4 |
| 2.CB. | Okruginite | Cu2SnSe3 |
| 2.CB. | Hanswilkeite | KFeS2 |
| 2.CB. | Auroselenide | AuSe |
| 2.CB. | Ruizhongite | (Ag2◻)Pb3Ge2S8 |
| 2.CB. | Agmantinite | Ag2MnSnS4 |
| 2.CB. | Tolstykhite | Au3S4Te6 |
| 2.CB. | Gachingite | Au(Te1-xSex) |
| 2.CB.05a | Hawleyite | CdS |
| 2.CB.05 | 'UM1998-15-S:CuFeZn' | Cu2Fe3Zn5S10 |
| 2.CB.05a | Coloradoite | HgTe |
| 2.CB.05a | Metacinnabar | HgS |
| 2.CB.05a | Tiemannite | HgSe |
| 2.CB.05a | Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 2.CB.05b | Sakuraiite | (Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4 |
| 2.CB.05c | Polhemusite | (Zn,Hg)S |
| 2.CB.05a | Rudashevskyite | (Fe,Zn)S |
| 2.CB.05a | Stilleite | ZnSe |
| 2.CB.05a | Ishiharaite | (Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)S |
| 2.CB.07a | 'Unnamed (Cu-Mn-Sn Sulphide)' | Cu2MnSnS4 |
| 2.CB.07a | Shenzhuangite | NiFeS2 |
| 2.CB.10b | Talnakhite | Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16 |
| 2.CB.10b | Haycockite | Cu4Fe5S8 |
| 2.CB.10a | Lenaite | AgFeS2 |
| 2.CB.10a | Gallite | CuGaS2 |
| 2.CB.10a | Roquesite | CuInS2 |
| 2.CB.10a | Eskebornite | CuFeSe2 |
| 2.CB.10a | 'UM1984-30-S:CuFeSn' | Cu2Fe2Sn3S7 |
| 2.CB.10c | Omariniite | Cu8Fe2ZnGe2S12 |
| 2.CB.10a | Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 2.CB.10a | 'Unnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide)' | CuZn2InS4 |
| 2.CB.10b | Mooihoekite | Cu9Fe9S16 |
| 2.CB.10a | Laforêtite | AgInS2 |
| 2.CB.10b | Putoranite | Cu1.1Fe1.2S2 |
| 2.CB.15a | Velikite | Cu2HgSnS4 |
| 2.CB.15c | 'UM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZn' | Cu8(Fe,Zn)3Ge2S12 (?) |
| 2.CB.15a | Hocartite | Ag2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4 |
| 2.CB.15a | Kësterite | Cu2ZnSnS4 |
| 2.CB.15a | Pirquitasite | Ag2ZnSnS4 |
| 2.CB.15c | Stannoidite | Cu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12 |
| 2.CB.15b | Mohite | Cu2SnS3 |
| 2.CB.15a | Černýite | Cu2CdSnS4 |
| 2.CB.15a | Idaite | Cu5FeS6 |
| 2.CB.15a | Ferrokësterite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
| 2.CB.15a | Kuramite | Cu3SnS4 |
| 2.CB.17a v | 'Arsenic-bearing Renierite' | Cu11GeAsFe4S16 |
| 2.CB.20 | Mawsonite | Cu6Fe2SnS8 |
| 2.CB.20 | Chatkalite | Cu6FeSn2S8 |
| 2.CB.30 | 'Frieseite' | Ag2Fe5S8 (?) |
| 2.CB.30 | Nekrasovite | Cu26V2(Sn,As,Sb)6S32 |
| 2.CB.30 | 'Argyropyrite' | near Ag2Fe7S11 |
| 2.CB.30 | Maikainite | Cu20(Fe,Cu)6Mo2Ge6S32 |
| 2.CB.30 | Colusite | Cu13VAs3S16 |
| 2.CB.30 | Germanite | Cu13Fe2Ge2S16 |
| 2.CB.30 | Germanocolusite | Cu26V2(Ge,As)6S32 |
| 2.CB.30 | Stibiocolusite | Cu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S16 |
| 2.CB.30 | Ovamboite | Cu20(Fe,Cu,Zn)6W2Ge6S32 |
| 2.CB.35a | Morozeviczite | (Pb,Fe)3Ge1-xS4 |
| 2.CB.35a | Renierite | (Cu+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16 |
| 2.CB.35a | Hemusite | Cu6SnMoS8 |
| 2.CB.35b | Catamarcaite | Cu6GeWS8 |
| 2.CB.35a | Vinciennite | Cu+7Cu2+3Fe2+2Fe3+2Sn(As,Sb)S16 |
| 2.CB.35a | Kiddcreekite | Cu6SnWS8 |
| 2.CB.35a | Polkovicite | (Fe,Pb)3(Ge,Fe)1-xS4 |
| 2.CB.40 | Lautite | CuAsS |
| 2.CB.42 | Lingbaoite | AgTe3 |
| 2.CB.45 | Cadmoselite | CdSe |
| 2.CB.45 | Rambergite | MnS |
| 2.CB.45 | Buseckite | (Fe,Zn,Mn)S |
| 2.CB.45 | Maletoyvayamite | Au3Se4Te6 |
| 2.CB.45 | Greenockite | CdS |
| 2.CB.45 | Wurtzite | (Zn,Fe)S |
| 2.CB.47 | Murchisite | Cr5S6 |
| 2.CB.50 | 'Zincselenide' | ZnSe |
| 2.CB.50 | Wassonite | TiS |
| 2.CB.52 | 'Dzhezkazganite' | ReMoCu2PbS6 ? |
| 2.CB.55b | Isocubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| 2.CB.55a | Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| 2.CB.60 | Raguinite | TlFeS2 |
| 2.CB.60 | Picotpaulite | TlFe2S3 |
| 2.CB.65 | Argentopyrite | AgFe2S3 |
| 2.CB.65 | Sternbergite | AgFe2S3 |
| 2.CB.70 | Sulvanite | Cu3VS4 |
| 2.CB.75 | Vulcanite | CuTe |
| 2.CB.80 | Empressite | AgTe |
| 2.CB.85 | Muthmannite | AuAgTe2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Stannite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3747.html
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References for Stannite
Reference List:
Beudant, François-Sulpice (1830) Traité élémentaire de minéralogie. Deuxiéme Edition [Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy. Second Edition] (2nd ed.) Vol. 1 - Tome Premier [Volume One]. Chez Verdière. pp.416-417
Brockway, L. O. (1934) The Crystal Structure of Stannite, Cu2FeSnS4. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 89 (1) 434-441 doi:10.1524/zkri.1934.89.1.434
Springer, G. (1968) Electronprobe analyses of stannite and related tin minerals. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (284) 1045-1051 doi:10.1180/minmag.1968.036.284.02
Allemand, J., Wintenberger, Micheline (1970) Propriétés structurales et magnétiques de quelques composés du type stannite. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 93 (1) 14-17 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1970.6421
Harris, D. C., Owens, D. R. (1972) A stannite-kesterite exsolution from British Columbia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 11 (2) 531-534
Bente, Klaus (1974) Untersuchungen im pseudobinären System Stannin (Cu2FeSnS4) — Briartit (Cu2FeGeS4) [Investigations in the pseudobinary system stannite (Cu2FeSnS4) — briartite (Cu2FeGeS4)]. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1974 (1). 8-13 doi:10.1127/njmm/1974/1974/8
Yamanaka, Takamitsu, Kato, Akira (1976) Mössbauer effect study of 57Fe and 119Sn in stannite, stannoidite, and mawsonite. American Mineralogist, 61 (3-4) 260-265
Hall, S. R., Szymanski, J. T., Stewart, J. M. (1978) Kesterite, Cu2(Zn,Fe)SnS4, and stannite, Cu2(Fe,Zn)SnS4, structurally similar but distinct minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 16 (2) 131-137
Bernardini, G. P.; Borrini, D.; Caneschi, A.; Di Benedetto, F.; Gatteschi, D.; Ristori, S.; Romanelli, M. (2000) EPR and SQUID magnetometry study of Cu2FeSnS4 (stannite) and Cu2ZnSnS4 (kesterite). Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27 (7). 453-461 doi:10.1007/s002690000086
Bonazzi, P., Bindi, L., Bernardini, G. P., Menchetti, S. (2003) A model for the mechanism of incorporation of Cu, Fe and Zn in the stannite-kësterite series, Cu2FeSnS4-Cu2ZnSnS4. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41 (3) 639-647 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.41.3.639
Schorr, Susan, Hoebler, Hans-Joachim, Tovar, Michael (2007) A neutron diffraction study of the stannite-kesterite solid solution series. European Journal of Mineralogy, 19 (1) 65-73 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2007/0019-0065
Di Benedetto, F., Evstigneeva, T., Borgheresi, M., Caneschi, A., Romanelli, M. (2009) The unusual magnetic properties of kuramite–stannite pseudobinary series: a SQUID and EPR survey. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 36 (6) 301-309 doi:10.1007/s00269-008-0278-7
Zalewski, W., Bacewicz, R., Antonowicz, J., Pietnoczka, A., Evstigneeva, T.L., Schorr, S. (2010) XAFS study of kesterite, kuramite and stannite type alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 492. 35-38 doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.158
Goto, Yosuke; Naito, Fumihiko; Sato, Rina; Yoshiyasu, Keigo; Itoh, Takanori; Kamihara, Yoichi; Matoba, Masanori (2013) Enhanced Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in Stannite–Kuramite Solid Solutions Cu2+xFe1–xSnS4–y (x = 0–1) with Anisotropy Lowering. Inorganic Chemistry, 52 (17). 9861-9866 doi:10.1021/ic401310c
Shibuya, Taizo; Goto, Yosuke; Kamihara, Yoichi; Matoba, Masanori; Yasuoka, Kenji; Burton, Lee A.; Walsh, Aron (2014) From kesterite to stannite photovoltaics: Stability and band gaps of the Cu2(Zn,Fe)SnS4 alloy. Applied Physics Letters, 104 (2). 21912 doi:10.1063/1.4862030
Többens, Daniel M.; Gurieva, Galina; Niedenzu, Sara; Schuck, Götz; Zizak, Ivo; Schorr, Susan (2020) Cation distribution in Cu2ZnSnSe4, Cu2FeSnS4 and Cu2ZnSiSe4 by multiple-edge anomalous diffraction. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials, 76 (6). p.1027-1035. doi:10.1107/s2052520620013384
Localities for Stannite
Showing 906 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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The
Yaogangxian Mine, Yaogangxian W-Sn ore field, Yizhang Co., Chenzhou, Hunan, China