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Rambergite

A valid IMA mineral species
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09017680017271928892031.jpg
Rambergite, etc.

Garpenberg Norra Mine, Garpenberg, Hedemora, Dalarna County, Sweden
07841620017271928923380.jpg
Rambergite

Garpenberg Norra Mine, Garpenberg, Hedemora, Dalarna County, Sweden
00981490017271928953237.jpg
Rambergite, etc.

Garpenberg Norra Mine, Garpenberg, Hedemora, Dalarna County, Sweden
09017680017271928892031.jpg
Rambergite, etc.

Garpenberg Norra Mine, Garpenberg, Hedemora, Dalarna County, Sweden
07841620017271928923380.jpg
Rambergite

Garpenberg Norra Mine, Garpenberg, Hedemora, Dalarna County, Sweden
00981490017271928953237.jpg
Rambergite, etc.

Garpenberg Norra Mine, Garpenberg, Hedemora, Dalarna County, Sweden
09017680017271928892031.jpg
Rambergite, etc.

Garpenberg Norra Mine, Garpenberg, Hedemora, Dalarna County, Sweden
07841620017271928923380.jpg
Rambergite

Garpenberg Norra Mine, Garpenberg, Hedemora, Dalarna County, Sweden
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About RambergiteHide

03165050017271929069349.jpg
Hans Ramberg
Formula:
MnS
Colour:
Dark brown to black
Lustre:
Resinous
Hardness:
4
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Wurtzite Group
Name:
Named after Hans Ramberg (15 April 1917, Trondhjem, Norway - 7 June 1998, Uppsala, Sweden), Professor of Mineralogy and Petrology at the University of Chicago, then at the University of Uppsala, Sweden. He was a pioneer in tectonic modelling with a centrifuge and was awarded the 1972 Wollaston medal.
Polymorph of:
Alabandite, Browneite
Wurtzite Group.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
7268
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:7268:3

Similar NamesHide

HambergiteA valid IMA mineral species - grandfatheredBe2(BO3)(OH)

IMA Classification of RambergiteHide

IMA status:
Approved
IMA Formula:
Mn2+S2-
Approval year:
1995
First published:
1996

Classification of RambergiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
2.CB.45

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
RbgIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of RambergiteHide

Lustre:
Resinous
Colour:
Dark brown to black
Streak:
Brown
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{1120} and {0001}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven

Optical Data of RambergiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (+/-)
Colour in reflected light:
Steel gray
Internal Reflections:
Brown-red

Chemistry of RambergiteHide

Mindat Formula:
MnS
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Mn63.145 %
S36.855 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Mn
S
Elements listed:
Mn, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of RambergiteHide

Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6mm - Dihexagonal Pyramidal
Space Group:
P63mc
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.975(5) Å, c = 6.433(6) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.618
Unit Cell V:
88.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Idiomorphic hexagonal crystals to 1.5 mm.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0010364RambergiteEriksson L, Kalinowski M P (2001) Mn1-xFexS, x=0.05, an example of an anti-wurtzite structure Acta Crystallographica E57 i92-i932001synthetic0293
0011549RambergiteWyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Crystal Structures 1 85-23719630293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.03 Å(100)
3.21 Å(95)
3.44 Å(90)
1.817 Å(80)
1.986 Å(65)
1.689 Å(47)
2.36 Å(45)
Comments:
Hirogawara mine, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. The data are from Nishikubo et al. (2009).

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere>4.45
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
38 : Ophiolites
Geological Setting:
Skarns; anoxic, laminated, Baltic Sea sediments rich in organic matter; metasedimentary manganese ores.

Type Occurrence of RambergiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Garpenberg Norra Mine, Garpenberg, Hedemora, Dalarna County, Sweden
General Appearance of Type Material:
Dark colored crystals to 1.5 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Not described.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Amphibole skarn.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Apophyllite GroupBaryteCalciteFluoriteFreibergite Subgroup
GalenaPyrargyritePyritePyrrhotiteSamsonite
Sphalerite

Synonyms of RambergiteHide

Other Language Names for RambergiteHide

Relationship of Rambergite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Wurtzite Group
Other Members of Wurtzite Group:
Buseckite(Fe,Zn,Mn)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
CadmoseliteCdSeHex. 6mm : P63mc
GreenockiteCdSHex. 6mm : P63mc
Wurtzite(Zn,Fe)SHex. 6mm : P63mc

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
9 photos of Rambergite associated with Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
3 photos of Rambergite associated with RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
3 photos of Rambergite associated with PyriteFeS2
2 photos of Rambergite associated with GalenaPbS
2 photos of Rambergite associated with Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O20]X · 8H2O
1 photo of Rambergite associated with HaueriteMnS2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.CB.RichardsiteZn2CuGaS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.OkruginiteCu2SnSe3Mon. m : Bb
2.CB.HanswilkeiteKFeS2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.CB.AuroselenideAuSeMon. 2/m : B2/m
2.CB.Ruizhongite(Ag2◻)Pb3Ge2S8Iso. 43m : I43d
2.CB.AgmantiniteAg2MnSnS4Orth.
2.CB.TolstykhiteAu3S4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.GachingiteAu(Te1-xSex)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.05aHawleyiteCdSIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05'UM1998-15-S:CuFeZn'Cu2Fe3Zn5S10
2.CB.05aColoradoiteHgTeIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aMetacinnabarHgSIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aTiemanniteHgSeIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aSphaleriteZnSIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05bSakuraiite(Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4 Iso.
2.CB.05cPolhemusite(Zn,Hg)STet.
2.CB.05aRudashevskyite(Fe,Zn)SIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aStilleiteZnSeIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aIshiharaite(Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)SIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.07a'Unnamed (Cu-Mn-Sn Sulphide)'Cu2MnSnS4
2.CB.07aShenzhuangiteNiFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10bTalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16Iso. 43m : I43m
2.CB.10bHaycockiteCu4Fe5S8Orth. 222
2.CB.10aLenaiteAgFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10aGalliteCuGaS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10aRoquesiteCuInS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10aEskeborniteCuFeSe2Tet. 42m : P42c
2.CB.10a'UM1984-30-S:CuFeSn'Cu2Fe2Sn3S7
2.CB.10cOmariniiteCu8Fe2ZnGe2S12Orth. 222 : I222
2.CB.10aChalcopyriteCuFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10a'Unnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide)'CuZn2InS4
2.CB.10bMooihoekiteCu9Fe9S16Tet. 42m : P42m
2.CB.10aLaforêtiteAgInS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10bPutoraniteCu1.1Fe1.2S2Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pn3m
2.CB.15aVelikiteCu2HgSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15c'UM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZn'Cu8(Fe,Zn)3Ge2S12 (?)
2.CB.15aHocartiteAg2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15aKësteriteCu2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aPirquitasiteAg2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aStanniteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15cStannoiditeCu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12Orth. 222 : I222
2.CB.15bMohiteCu2SnS3Mon.
2.CB.15aČernýiteCu2CdSnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15aIdaiteCu5FeS6Hex.
2.CB.15aFerrokësteriteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aKuramiteCu3SnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.17a v'Arsenic-bearing Renierite'Cu11GeAsFe4S16
2.CB.20MawsoniteCu6Fe2SnS8Tet. 42m : P4m2
2.CB.20ChatkaliteCu6FeSn2S8Tet. 42m : P4m2
2.CB.30'Frieseite'Ag2Fe5S8 (?)
2.CB.30NekrasoviteCu26V2(Sn,As,Sb)6S32Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.30'Argyropyrite'near Ag2Fe7S11
2.CB.30MaikainiteCu20(Fe,Cu)6Mo2Ge6S32Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.CB.30ColusiteCu13VAs3S16Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.30GermaniteCu13Fe2Ge2S16Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.30GermanocolusiteCu26V2(Ge,As)6S32Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.30StibiocolusiteCu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S16Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.30Ovamboite Cu20(Fe,Cu,Zn)6W2Ge6S32Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.35aMorozeviczite(Pb,Fe)3Ge1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.35aRenierite(Cu+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16Tet. 42m : P42c
2.CB.35aHemusiteCu6SnMoS8Iso.
2.CB.35bCatamarcaiteCu6GeWS8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.35aVincienniteCu+7Cu2+3Fe2+2Fe3+2Sn(As,Sb)S16Tet.
2.CB.35aKiddcreekiteCu6SnWS8Iso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.35aPolkovicite(Fe,Pb)3(Ge,Fe)1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.40LautiteCuAsSOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.CB.42LingbaoiteAgTe3Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.45CadmoseliteCdSeHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Buseckite(Fe,Zn,Mn)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45MaletoyvayamiteAu3Se4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.45GreenockiteCdSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Wurtzite(Zn,Fe)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.47MurchisiteCr5S6Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31c
2.CB.50'Zincselenide'ZnSe
2.CB.50WassoniteTiSTrig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.CB.52'Dzhezkazganite'ReMoCu2PbS6 ?Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.55bIsocubaniteCuFe2S3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.CB.55aCubaniteCuFe2S3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.60RaguiniteTlFeS2Orth.
2.CB.60PicotpauliteTlFe2S3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
2.CB.65ArgentopyriteAgFe2S3Mon. 2/m
2.CB.65SternbergiteAgFe2S3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.70SulvaniteCu3VS4Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.75VulcaniteCuTeOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.80EmpressiteAgTeOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.85MuthmanniteAuAgTe2Mon. 2/m : P2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for RambergiteHide

References for RambergiteHide

Reference List:
Kalinowski, M.P. (1996) Rambergite, a new polymorph of MnS with hexagonal structure. GFF, 118. 53-54 doi:10.1080/11035899609546335
Böttcher, Michael E., Huckriede, Hermann (1997) First occurrence and stable isotope composition of authigenic γ-MnS in the central Gotland Deep (Baltic Sea) Marine Geology, 137 (3) 201-205 doi:10.1016/s0025-3227(96)00115-6
Jambor, John L.; Kovalenker, Vladimir A.; Roberts, Andrew C. (1998) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 83. 1117-1121
Witzke, T. (1999): Ronneburg/Thuringia, the second occurrence of the manganese sulfide rambergite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1999, 35-39.
Eriksson, Lars; Kalinowski, Mariusz P. (2001) Mn1-xFexS, x ≃ 0.05, an example of an anti-wurtzite structure. Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 57 (11). i92-i93 doi:10.1107/s1600536801016051
Burke, Ian T, Kemp, Alan E.S (2002) Microfabric analysis of Mn-carbonate laminae deposition and Mn-sulfide formation in the Gotland Deep, Baltic Sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66 (9) 1589-1600 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(01)00860-2
Hostettler, M., Flack, H. D. (2003) Anti-wurtzite reoriented. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, 59 (4) 537-538 doi:10.1107/s0108768103009467
K. Nishikubo, T. Yamada, A. Harada, M. Takizawa, K. Tange, Y. Kosuge, R. Miyawaki, and S. Matsubara (2009): Rambergite from the Hirogawara mine, Urayama, Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Series C (Geology & Paleontology), 35, 7-10. [https://www.kahaku.go.jp/research/publication/geology/download/35/BNMNS_C3502.pdf]
(2020) Rambergite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for RambergiteHide

Showing 10 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Baltic Sea
 
American Mineralogist (1998)
Burke et al. (2002)
Lepland et al. (1998)
China
 
  • Tibet
    • Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture)
      • Qusum Co. (Qusong Co.)
Bai et al. (2007)
  • Xinjiang
    • Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
      • Zhaosu Co.
    • Kezilesu Autonomous Prefecture (Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture; Qizilsu Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Wuqia Co. (Ulugqat Co.; Ulughchat Co.)
Germany
 
  • Thuringia
    • Greiz District
      • Kauern
Witzke (1999)
Japan
 
  • Saitama Prefecture
    • Chichibu City
      • Urayama
K. Nishikubo et al. (2005) +1 other reference
Mexico
 
  • Hidalgo
    • Molango Municipality
Minera Autlan
Sweden (TL)
 
  • Dalarna County
    • Hedemora
      • Garpenberg
Kalinowski (1996) +1 other reference
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