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Wurtzite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

This page kindly sponsored by Robert F. Carlin II

Photos of Wurtzite (405)Discuss Wurtzite

Wurtzite Gallery Search Photos of Wurtzite

Edit Wurtzite Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Wurtzite

Val Pulita Quarry, Torano quarrying basin, Carrara, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy

Wurtzite, etc.

Leonard Mine, Butte Mining District, Silver Bow County, Montana, USA

Wurtzite

Agios Philippos Mine, Alexandroupoli, Evros, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece

Wurtzite

Val Pulita Quarry, Torano quarrying basin, Carrara, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy

Wurtzite, etc.

Leonard Mine, Butte Mining District, Silver Bow County, Montana, USA

Wurtzite

Agios Philippos Mine, Alexandroupoli, Evros, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece

Wurtzite

Val Pulita Quarry, Torano quarrying basin, Carrara, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy

Wurtzite, etc.

Leonard Mine, Butte Mining District, Silver Bow County, Montana, USA

Hide all sections | Show all sections

About WurtziteHide

Charles Adolphe Wurtz

Formula:

(Zn,Fe)S

Colour:

Dark reddish-brown to black, orange-brown

Lustre:

Resinous

Hardness:

3½ - 4

Specific Gravity:

4 - 4.1

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Member of:

Wurtzite Group

Name:

Named in 1861 by Charles Friedel in honour of Charles Adolphe Wurtz (26 November 1817, Wolfisheim, near Strasbourg, France - 10 May 1884, Paris, France), French chemist who promoted ideas of atomic structure and organic chemistry. Wurtz was a laboratory assistant for Jean Baptiste Dumas at the École de Médecine and succeeded Dumas and was later appointed Professor of organic and mineral chemistry and eventually promoted to dean of the college. Wurtz was appointed chair of organic chemistry at the Sorbonne. Wurtz was one of the most influential chemists in the world, he received many honours in his lifetime, and his name is one of 72 scientists, mathematicians, and engineers whose name is on the Eiffel Tower. Biography by Rocke (2001).

Type Locality:

ⓘ San José Mine, Oruro, Cercado Province, Oruro, Bolivia

Polymorph of:

Polhemusite, Sphalerite

Usually found as black to dark reddish-brown massive resinous to sub-metallic material, also as botryoidal banded crusts, and more rarely as hemimorphic pyramidal, or tabular, crystals.
Several polytypes are known; the hexagonal 2H polytype is the most common. Haussühl and Müller (1963) also mention the 4H, 6H, 8H, 10H, and 15R ones.

Wurtzite has a lower surface energy than sphalerite, which causes a reversal in phase stability at the nanoscale, with wurtzite energetically stable for particle sizes below 10 nm. The sphalerite-wurtzite transformation is a function of particle size and temperature, which can explain the occurrence of the zinc sulfide polymorphs in environments as diverse as ore bodies and planetary atmospheres (Subramani et al., 2023).

Forms a series with greenockite, hexagonal CdS.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

4318

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:4318:8

IMA Classification of WurtziteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Zn²⁺S²⁺

Classification of WurtziteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.CB.45

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.

Dana 7th ed.:

2.8.7.1

Dana 8th ed.:

2.8.7.1

2 : SULFIDES
8 : A_mX_p, with m:p = 1:1

Hey's CIM Ref.:

3.4.5

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
4 : Sulphides etc. of Group II metals other than Hg (Mg, Ca, Zn, Cd)

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Wur	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Wur	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
Wtz	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of WurtziteHide

Lustre:

Resinous

Transparency:

Translucent

Comment:

Brilliant submetallic on crystal faces.

Colour:

Dark reddish-brown to black, orange-brown

Streak:

Brown

Hardness:

3½ - 4 on Mohs scale

Hardness Data:

Measured

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Very Good
Very good and easy on {1120), more difficult on {0001}.

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Density:

4 - 4.1 g/cm³ (Measured) 4.09 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of WurtziteHide

Type:

Uniaxial (+)

RI values:

n_ω = 2.356 n_ε = 2.378

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.022
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic (convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.

For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.

Thickness: 30 µm

Internal Reflections:

Yellow to dark brown

Chemistry of WurtziteHide

Mindat Formula:

(Zn,Fe)S

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Zn	67.094 %
S	32.906 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Fe, S, Zn - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Fe,Cd

Chemical AnalysisHide

Empirical formulas:

Sample ID	Empirical Formula
1	(Zn_0.62Cd_0.38)S

Sample references:

ID	Locality	Reference	Notes
1	Luna 24 landing site, Mare Crisium, The Moon	Bogatikov, O.A., Gorshkov, A.I., Mokhov, A.V., Ashikhmina, N.A., Sivtsov, A.V. (2001): Cd-wurtzite and eskolaite - the new ore minerals from the regolith as 'Luna-24'. Doklady Earth Sciences: 379(4): 524-528

Crystallography of WurtziteHide

Polytype:

Formula:

Crystal System:

Class (H-M)

Space Group:

Space Group Setting:

Cell Parameters:

Ratio:

Unit Cell Volume (calc):

Comment:

Wurtzite-10H	Wurtzite-12R	Wurtzite-15R	Wurtzite-18R	Wurtzite-21R	Wurtzite-2H	Wurtzite-4H	Wurtzite-5H	Wurtzite-6H	Wurtzite-8H
ZnS	(Zn,Fe)S	(Zn,Fe)S	(Zn,Fe)S	(Zn,Fe)S	(Zn,Fe)S	ZnS	(Zn,Fe)S	(Zn,Fe)S	(Zn,Fe)S
Hexagonal		Trigonal			Hexagonal	Hexagonal			Hexagonal
6mm - Dihexagonal Pyramidal		3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal			6mm - Dihexagonal Pyramidal	6mm - Dihexagonal Pyramidal			6mm - Dihexagonal Pyramidal
P6₃mc		R3m			P6₃mc	P6₃mc			P6₃mc

a = 3.824 Å, b = 3.824 Å, c = 31.20 Å α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°		α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°			a = 3.82 Å, c = 6.26 Å	a = 3.8227 Å, b = 3.8227 Å, c = 12.52 Å α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°			a = 3.8286(3) Å, c = 25.041(8) Å
a:b:c = 1 : 1 : 8.159					a:c = 1 : 1.639	a:b:c = 1 : 1 : 3.275			a:c = 1 : 6.541
V 395.113 Å³					V 79.11 Å³	V 158.444 Å³			V 317.88 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)
10		15			2	4
									Chao et al. (1998)

Crystallographic forms of WurtziteHide

Crystal Atlas:

Image Loading

Click on an icon to view

Wurtzite - {101}, {00-1}

3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

Rotation
Stop | Start

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0005544	Wurtzite	Chao G Y, Gault R A (1998) The occurence of two rare polytypes of wurtzite, 4H and 8H, at Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec The Canadian Mineralogist 36 775-778	1998	Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada	293
0010082	Wurtzite	Kisi E H, Elcombe M M (1989) U parameters for the wurtzite structure of ZnS and ZnO using powder neutron diffraction Acta Crystallographica C45 1867-1870	1989	synthetic	293
0000115	Wurtzite	Myer G H (1962) Hydrothermal wurtzite at Thomaston Dam, Connecticut American Mineralogist 47 977-979	1962	Thomaston Dam, Connecticut	293
0014998	Wurtzite	Ballentyne D W G, Roy B (1961) Electroluminescence and crystal structure in the alloy system ZnS - CdS Physica 27 337-341	1961	synthetic	293
0005075	Wurtzite	Mloszewski M J, Saha A K, Nuffield E W (1957) Manganoan ferroan wurtzite from Llallagua, Bolivia (II) The Canadian Mineralogist 6 136-139	1957	Llallagua, Bolivia	293
0005074	Wurtzite	Mloszewski M J, Saha A K, Nuffield E W (1957) Manganoan ferroan wurtzite from Llallagua, Bolivia (II) The Canadian Mineralogist 6 136-139	1957	Llallagua, Bolivia	293
0010493	Wurtzite	Ulrich F, Zachariasen W H (1925) Ueber die kristallstruktur des alpha- und beta-CdS, sowie des wurtzits Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 62 260-273	1925	synthetic	293
0015179	Wurtzite	Xu Y N, Ching W Y (1993) Electronic, optical, and structural properties of some wurtzite crystals Physical Review B48 4335-4351	1993		293
0015169	Wurtzite	Yeh C, Lu Z W, Froyen S, Zunger A (1992) Zinc-blende-wurtzite polytypism in semiconductors Physical Review B46 10086-10097	1992		293
0011556	Wurtzite	Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Crystal Structures 1 85-237	1963		293
0000089	Wurtzite	Evans H T, McKnight E T (1959) New wurtzite polytypes from Joplin, Missouri American Mineralogist 44 1210-1218	1959		293
0000088	Wurtzite	Evans H T, McKnight E T (1959) New wurtzite polytypes from Joplin, Missouri American Mineralogist 44 1210-1218	1959		293
0014935	Wurtzite	Kullerud G (1953) The Fe S - Zn S system. A geological thermometer Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 32 61-147	1953		293
0014934	Wurtzite	Kullerud G (1953) The Fe S - Zn S system. A geological thermometer Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 32 61-147	1953		293
0015414	Wurtzite	Frondel C, Palache C (1948) Three new polymorphs of zinc sulfide Science 107 602-602	1948		293
0015413	Wurtzite	Frondel C, Palache C (1948) Three new polymorphs of zinc sulfide Science 107 602-602	1948		293
0010492	Wurtzite	Aminoff G (1923) Untersuchungen ueber die kristallstrukturen von wurtzit und rotnickelkies Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 58 203-219	1923		293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Wurtzite-4H'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Chao G Y'
'Gault R A'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 36 
_journal_year 1998
_journal_page_first 775
_journal_page_last 778
_publ_section_title
;
 The occurence of two rare polytypes of wurtzite, 4H and 8H,
 at Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec
;
_database_code_amcsd 0005544
_chemical_compound_source 'Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Zn S'
_cell_length_a 3.8227
_cell_length_b 3.8227
_cell_length_c 12.52
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 158.444
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.085
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 63 m c'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-x,-x+y,1/2+z'
  'x-y,x,1/2+z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  'x-y,-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,-y,1/2+z'
  'x,x-y,z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  'y,x,1/2+z'
  'y,-x+y,1/2+z'
  '-x+y,y,z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Zn1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000
Zn2   0.33333   0.66667   0.25000
S1   0.00000   0.00000   0.18750
S2   0.33333   0.66667   0.43750

Epitaxial Relationships of WurtziteHide

Epitaxial Minerals:

'Chalcopyrite'

CuFeS₂

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.31 Å	(100)
3.13 Å	(90)
2.93 Å	(80)
2.27 Å	(30)
1.91 Å	(70)
1.76 Å	(50)
1.63 Å	(50)
1.30 Å	(10)

Locality:

San José Mine, Oruro, Cercado Province, Oruro, Bolivia

Comments:

Data given are for synthetic -1H material.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust	>4.50
11 : Volcanic fumarole minerals; reduced phases (see also #45)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere	>4.45
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)
15 : Black/white smoker minerals and other seafloor hydrothermal minerals
Near-surface Processes
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)
25 : Evaporites (prebiotic)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
49 : Oxic cellular biomineralization (see also #44)	<0.54
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals	<0.36
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals	<10 Ka
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56)

Geological Setting:

Found in hydrothermal veins rich in Zn and as concretions in sedimentary rocks.

Type Occurrence of WurtziteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ San José Mine, Oruro, Cercado Province, Oruro, Bolivia

Synonyms of WurtziteHide

Alpha zinc sulfide

Buergerite (of Gagarin and Cuomo)

Spiauterite

Lederblende (in part)

Leerblende (in part)

Other Language Names for WurtziteHide

Catalan:Wurtzita

Dutch:Wurtziet

German:Wurtzit

Italian:Wurtzite

Japanese:ウルツ鉱

Polish:Wurcyt

Russian:Вюртцит

Simplified Chinese:纤维锌矿
纤锌矿

Spanish:Wurtzita

Traditional Chinese:纖維鋅礦
纖鋅礦

Ukrainian:Вюртцит

Varieties of WurtziteHide

Cadmium-rich Wurtzite	From lunar regolith.
Polywurtzite	Hexagonal polymorphs of Wurtzite.
Voltzite	Wurtzite intergrown with an organometallic zinc compound, possibly a zinc salt of a polyoxymethylene glycol or their sulfuretted analogues (Frondel, 1967).

Relationship of Wurtzite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Wurtzite Group

Other Members of Wurtzite Group:

Buseckite	(Fe,Zn,Mn)S	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
Cadmoselite	CdSe	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
Greenockite	CdS	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
Rambergite	MnS	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc

Forms a series with:

Buseckite

Wurtzite-Buseckite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

153 photos of Wurtzite associated with Sphalerite	ZnS
134 photos of Wurtzite associated with Galena	PbS
128 photos of Wurtzite associated with Pyrite	FeS₂
91 photos of Wurtzite associated with 'Schalenblende'
64 photos of Wurtzite associated with Jordanite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃
36 photos of Wurtzite associated with Suredaite	PbSnS₃
30 photos of Wurtzite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
24 photos of Wurtzite associated with Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
24 photos of Wurtzite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
24 photos of Wurtzite associated with Andradite	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.CB.	Richardsite	Zn₂CuGaS₄	Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.	Okruginite	Cu₂SnSe₃	Mon. m : Bb
2.CB.	Hanswilkeite	KFeS₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.CB.	Auroselenide	AuSe	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.CB.	Ruizhongite	(Ag₂◻)Pb₃Ge₂S₈	Iso. 43m : I43d
2.CB.	Agmantinite	Ag₂MnSnS₄	Orth.
2.CB.	Tolstykhite	Au₃S₄Te₆	Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.	Gachingite	Au(Te_1-xSe_x)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.05a	Hawleyite	CdS	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05	'UM1998-15-S:CuFeZn'	Cu₂Fe₃Zn₅S₁₀
2.CB.05a	Coloradoite	HgTe	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05a	Metacinnabar	HgS	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05a	Tiemannite	HgSe	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05a	Sphalerite	ZnS	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05b	Sakuraiite	(Cu,Zn,Fe)₃(In,Sn)S₄	Iso.
2.CB.05c	Polhemusite	(Zn,Hg)S	Tet.
2.CB.05a	Rudashevskyite	(Fe,Zn)S	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05a	Stilleite	ZnSe	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05a	Ishiharaite	(Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)S	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.07a	'Unnamed (Cu-Mn-Sn Sulphide)'	Cu₂MnSnS₄
2.CB.07a	Shenzhuangite	NiFeS₂	Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10b	Talnakhite	Cu₉(Fe,Ni)₈S₁₆	Iso. 43m : I43m
2.CB.10b	Haycockite	Cu₄Fe₅S₈	Orth. 222
2.CB.10a	Lenaite	AgFeS₂	Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10a	Gallite	CuGaS₂	Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10a	Roquesite	CuInS₂	Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10a	Eskebornite	CuFeSe₂	Tet. 42m : P42c
2.CB.10a	'UM1984-30-S:CuFeSn'	Cu₂Fe₂Sn₃S₇
2.CB.10c	Omariniite	Cu₈Fe₂ZnGe₂S₁₂	Orth. 222 : I222
2.CB.10a	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10a	'Unnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide)'	CuZn₂InS₄
2.CB.10b	Mooihoekite	Cu₉Fe₉S₁₆	Tet. 42m : P42m
2.CB.10a	Laforêtite	AgInS₂	Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10b	Putoranite	Cu_1.1Fe_1.2S₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pn3m
2.CB.15a	Velikite	Cu₂HgSnS₄	Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15c	'UM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZn'	Cu₈(Fe,Zn)₃Ge₂S₁₂ (?)
2.CB.15a	Hocartite	Ag₂(Fe²⁺,Zn)SnS₄	Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15a	Kësterite	Cu₂ZnSnS₄	Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15a	Pirquitasite	Ag₂ZnSnS₄	Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15a	Stannite	Cu₂FeSnS₄	Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15c	Stannoidite	Cu⁺₆Cu²⁺₂(Fe²⁺,Zn)₃Sn₂S₁₂	Orth. 222 : I222
2.CB.15b	Mohite	Cu₂SnS₃	Mon.
2.CB.15a	Černýite	Cu₂CdSnS₄	Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15a	Idaite	Cu₅FeS₆	Hex.
2.CB.15a	Ferrokësterite	Cu₂FeSnS₄	Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15a	Kuramite	Cu₃SnS₄	Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.17a v	'Arsenic-bearing Renierite'	Cu₁₁GeAsFe₄S₁₆
2.CB.20	Mawsonite	Cu₆Fe₂SnS₈	Tet. 42m : P4m2
2.CB.20	Chatkalite	Cu₆FeSn₂S₈	Tet. 42m : P4m2
2.CB.30	'Frieseite'	Ag₂Fe₅S₈ (?)
2.CB.30	Nekrasovite	Cu₂₆V₂(Sn,As,Sb)₆S₃₂	Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.30	'Argyropyrite'	near Ag₂Fe₇S₁₁
2.CB.30	Maikainite	Cu₂₀(Fe,Cu)₆Mo₂Ge₆S₃₂	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.CB.30	Colusite	Cu₁₃VAs₃S₁₆	Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.30	Germanite	Cu₁₃Fe₂Ge₂S₁₆	Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.30	Germanocolusite	Cu₂₆V₂(Ge,As)₆S₃₂	Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.30	Stibiocolusite	Cu₁₃V(Sb,Sn,As)₃S₁₆	Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.30	Ovamboite	Cu₂₀(Fe,Cu,Zn)₆W₂Ge₆S₃₂	Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.35a	Morozeviczite	(Pb,Fe)₃Ge_1-xS₄	Iso.
2.CB.35a	Renierite	(Cu⁺,Zn)₁₁Fe₄(Ge⁴⁺,As⁵⁺)₂S₁₆	Tet. 42m : P42c
2.CB.35a	Hemusite	Cu₆SnMoS₈	Iso.
2.CB.35b	Catamarcaite	Cu₆GeWS₈	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
2.CB.35a	Vinciennite	Cu⁺₇Cu²⁺₃Fe²⁺₂Fe³⁺₂Sn(As,Sb)S₁₆	Tet.
2.CB.35a	Kiddcreekite	Cu₆SnWS₈	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.35a	Polkovicite	(Fe,Pb)₃(Ge,Fe)_1-xS₄	Iso.
2.CB.40	Lautite	CuAsS	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.CB.42	Lingbaoite	AgTe₃	Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.45	Cadmoselite	CdSe	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
2.CB.45	Rambergite	MnS	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
2.CB.45	Buseckite	(Fe,Zn,Mn)S	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
2.CB.45	Maletoyvayamite	Au₃Se₄Te₆	Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.45	Greenockite	CdS	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
2.CB.47	Murchisite	Cr₅S₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31c
2.CB.50	'Zincselenide'	ZnSe
2.CB.50	Wassonite	TiS	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.CB.52	'Dzhezkazganite'	ReMoCu₂PbS₆ ?	Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.55b	Isocubanite	CuFe₂S₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.CB.55a	Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.60	Raguinite	TlFeS₂	Orth.
2.CB.60	Picotpaulite	TlFe₂S₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
2.CB.65	Argentopyrite	AgFe₂S₃	Mon. 2/m
2.CB.65	Sternbergite	AgFe₂S₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.70	Sulvanite	Cu₃VS₄	Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.75	Vulcanite	CuTe	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.80	Empressite	AgTe	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.85	Muthmannite	AuAgTe₂	Mon. 2/m : P2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for WurtziteHide

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

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References for WurtziteHide

Reference List:

Schroll, E. (1953): Über Unterschiede im Spurengehalt bei Wurtziten, Schalenblenden und Zinkblenden. Sitzungsber. Österr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math.-naturwiss. Kl., 162, 305-332.

Friedel, C. (1861) Sur le dimorphisme du sulfure de zinc. Comptes Rendus de L’Académie des Sciences Paris: 52: 983-985.

Ulrich, F.; Zachariasen, W. (1925) Über die Kristallstruktur des α- und ß-CdS, sowie des Wurtzits. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 62 (1-6). 260-273 doi:10.1524/zkri.1925.62.1.260

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.227-228

Fleischer, M. (1948) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 33 (9-10). 653-654

Frondel, Clifford, Palache, Charles (1950) Three new polymorphs of zinc sulfide. American Mineralogist, 35 (1-2) 29-42

Kutina, J. (1953) Mikroskopischer und spektrographischer Beitrag zur Frage der Entstehung einiger Kolloidalstrukturen von Zinkblende und Wurtzit. Geologie, Berlin, 1, 436.

Smith, F. G. (1955) Structure of zinc sulphide minerals. American Mineralogist, 40 (7-8) 658-675

Mloszewski, M.J., Saha, A.K., Nuffield, E.W. (1957) Manganoan ferroan wurtzite from Llallagua, Bolivia (II). The Canadian Mineralogist: 6: 136-139.

Hurlbut, Cornelius S. (1957) The wurtzite-greenockite series. American Mineralogist, 42 (3-4) 184-190

Hauss�hl, Siegfried, M�ller, German (1963) Neue ZnS-Polytypen (9R, 12R und 21R) in mesozoischen Sedimenten NW-Deutschlands. Beitr�ge zur Mineralogie und Petrographie, 9 (1). 28-39 doi:10.1007/bf01138618

Rooymans, C.J.M. (1963) A phase transformation in the wurtzite and zinc blende lattice under pressure. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 25 (3) 253-255 doi:10.1016/0022-1902(63)80050-0

Scott, S.D., Barnes, H.L. (1967) Abstract of paper presented at the twelfth annual meeting: Nonstoichiometric phase changes in sphalerite and wurtzite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 9: 306-306.

Brafman, O., Mitra, S. S. (1968) Raman Effect in Wurtzite- and Zinc-Blende-Type ZnS Single Crystals. Physical Review, 171 (3). 931-934 doi:10.1103/physrev.171.931

Arguello, C. A., Rousseau, D. L., Porto, S. P. S. (1969) First-Order Raman Effect in Wurtzite-Type Crystals. Physical Review, 181 (3). 1351-1363 doi:10.1103/physrev.181.1351

Bailey, S. W. (1977) Report of the I.M.A.-I. U.Cr. Joint Committee on Nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 62 (5-6) 411-415

Fleet, Michael E. (1977) Structural transformations in natural ZnS. American Mineralogist, 62 (5-6) 540-546

Fleet, M.E. (1977) The birefringence-structural state relation in natural zinc sulfides and its application to the schalenblende from Pribram. The Canadian Mineralogist, 15(3): 303-308.

Augustithis, S. S., Vgenopoulos, A. (1982) On the Hawleyite-Sphalerite-Wurtzite-Galena Paragenesis from Ragada, Komotini, (Rhodope) North Greece. In Ore Genesis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p.413-417. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68344-2_41

Geilikman, M. B. (1982) Mechanisms of polytype stabilization during the wurtzite-sphalerite transition. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 8 (1) 2-7 doi:10.1007/bf00311155

Hollenbaugh, D.W., Carlson, E.H. (1983) The occurrence of wurtzite polytypes in eastern Ohio. Canadian Mineralogist: 21: 697-703. https://rruff.info/uploads/CM21_697.pdf

Seal, R.R., Cooper, B.J., Craig, J.R. (1985) Anisotropic sphalerite of the Elmwood-Gordonsville deposits, Tennessee. The Canadian Mineralogist: 23 (1): 83-88. https://www.rruff.net/odr/view/downloadfile/71372

Fleet, M. E. (1987) Layer-disordered wurtzite (ZnS-2H): diffuse X-ray scattering recorded by c-axis precession photography. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 20 (3) 191-194 doi:10.1107/s0021889887086849

Kisi, E. H., Elcombe, M. M. (1989) υ parameters for the wurtzite structure of ZnS and ZnO using powder neutron diffraction. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications, 45 (12). 1867-1870 doi:10.1107/s0108270189004269

Xu, Yong-Nian, Ching, W. Y. (1993) Electronic, optical, and structural properties of some wurtzite crystals. Physical Review B, 48 (7) 4335-4351 doi:10.1103/physrevb.48.4335

Gaines, Richard V.; Skinner, H. Catherine W.; Foord, Eugene E.; Mason, Brian; Rosenzweig, Abraham; King, Vandall T. (1997) Dana's New Mineralogy (8th ed.). Wiley-Interscience. 1872 pp.

Chao, G. Y., Gault, R. A. (1998) The occurrence of two rare polytypes of wurtzite, 4H and 8H, at Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec. The Canadian Mineralogist, 36 (3) 775-778

Rocke, A.J. (2001) Nationizing Science. Adolphe Wurtz and the Battle for Chemistry. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 443.

(2005) Wurtzite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Graeser, S. (2011): Die Wurtzite vom Lengenbach - Polymorphie und Polytypie. Schweizer Strahler 45, 16-24. [-2H and -4H polytypes]

Pring, Allan, Wade, Benjamin, McFadden, Aoife, Lenehan, Claire E., Cook, Nigel J. (2020) Coupled Substitutions of Minor and Trace Elements in Co-Existing Sphalerite and Wurtzite. Minerals, 10 (2) 147 doi:10.3390/min10020147

Subramani, Tamilarasan, Lilova, Kristina, Householder, Megan, Yang, Shuhao, Lyons, James, Navrotsky, Alexandra (2023) Surface energetics of wurtzite and sphalerite polymorphs of zinc sulfide and implications for their formation in nature. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 340. 99-107 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2022.11.003

Barbier, Tristan, Lebedev, Oleg I., Maignan, Antoine (2024) Metal Substitutions (M = Al, Ga, In; Sn, Ge; and Mn, Fe, Co) in ZnS: Sphalerite versus Wurtzite Formation. Inorganic Chemistry, 63 (16) 7189-7198 doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04374

Localities for WurtziteHide

Showing 521 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Afghanistan
Badakhshan Kuran wa Munjan District Sar-e-Sang ⓘ Ladjuar Medam	Parodi et al. (2010)
ⓘ Unnamed Gem Sodalite occurrence	Woodside et al. (2014)

Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Sea Mohns Ridge Jan Mayen vent fields ⓘ Troll Wall vent	Kravchishina et al. (2023)
ⓘ Loki’s Castle	Olsen (2016)

Argentina
Catamarca Province Andalgalá Department Andalgalá ⓘ Capillitas mining district	Brodtkorb (2002) +1 other reference
ⓘ Bordón vein	MARQUEZ-ZAVALIA
Córdoba Province Minas Department Ciénaga del Coro District ⓘ El Guaico mining district	Sureda (1978)
Jujuy Province Humahuaca Department El Aguilar ⓘ Aguilar Mine	Brodtkorb (2002) +1 other reference
ⓘ Esperanza prospect	Singer et al. (2009)
Rinconada Department Mina Pirquitas ⓘ Pirquitas Mine	Silver Standard Resources Inc
San Miguel Open pit ⓘ Oploca Vein System	Paar et al. (2000)
Rinconada ⓘ Pan de Azucar Mine	Coira et al. (1995) +1 other reference
La Rioja Province Chilecito department ⓘ Cerro Negro mining district	De Brodtkorb (2009)
ⓘ Peregrina mine	Brodtkorb (2002)
San Luis Province Coronel Pringles Department Carolina ⓘ La Carolina mine	De Brodtkorb (2009)
Santa Cruz Province Deseado Department Tres Cerros ⓘ Pingüino deposit	PENALVA

Atlantic Ocean
Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex ⓘ Ashadze hydrothermal area	Ondréas et al. (2012)
ⓘ Ashadze 1	Firstova et al. (2016)
ⓘ Irinovskoe hydrothermal field	Melekestseva et al. (2022)
ⓘ Logatchev-1 hydrothermal field	Liu et al. (2022)
ⓘ Menez Gwen hydrothermal field	Lein et al. (2010)
ⓘ Petersburgskoe hydrothermal field	Gablina et al. (2017)
ⓘ Pobeda-1 hydrothermal field	Maslennikov et al. (2023)
ⓘ Pobeda-2 hydrothermal field	Gablina et al. (2018)
Rainbow Massif ⓘ Rainbow hydrothermal field	Bortnikov et al. (2001)
Semenov region ⓘ Semyenov-2 Hydrothermal Field	Melekestseva et al. (2017) +1 other reference
ⓘ Snake Pit hydrothermal field	Fouquet et al. (1993)
Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse hydrothermal field (TAG) ⓘ TAG mound	Canadian Mineralogist Vol.26 (1988)
ⓘ Zenith–Victoria hydrothermal field	Gablina et al. (2017)
Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex ⓘ Nibelungen hydrothermal field	Melchert et al. (2008)
ⓘ Turtle Pits hydrothermal field	Pašava et al. (2007)

Australia
New South Wales Flinders Co. Kopyje ⓘ Pipeline Ridge prospect	Gilligan et al. (1995)
St Vincent Co. Tolwong ⓘ Tolwong mines	Confirmed by Peter Elliot
Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district ⓘ Broken Hill	Ramdohr (1950)
ⓘ Broken Hill South Mine (BHS Mine; South Mine)
MMM Mine ⓘ Blackwood opencut	Museum Victoria collection
Southern operations Mine ⓘ Zinc Corporation Mine (ZC Mine)	Sorrell (n.d.)
Tasmania West Coast municipality Rosebery district Williamsford ⓘ Hercules Mine	Dana 6:A2:112 +1 other reference
Zeehan mining district Zeehan mineral field Tasmanian Smelting Company site ⓘ South Slag dump	Parbhakar-Fox et al. (2019)

Austria
Carinthia Villach-Land District Bad Bleiberg Bleiberg-Kreuth ⓘ Max Mine
ⓘ Rudolf Mine	Niedermayr et al. (1995)
ⓘ Stefanie Mine	Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Villach Heiligengeist ⓘ Franz Josef Mine	Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Lower Austria Neunkirchen District Semmering ⓘ Haidbachgraben (Myrthengraben; Myrtengraben; Heidbachgraben)	Huber et al. (1977) +1 other reference
Tyrol Imst District Karrösten ⓘ Karrösten Mine	Exel (1993)
ⓘ Lafatsch valley (Hinterau valley)	Exel (1993)
Schwaz District Vomp ⓘ Vomper Loch mines	Exel (1993)
Upper Austria Gmunden District Bad Goisern am Hallstättersee ⓘ Anzenau	E.Reiter
Grünau ⓘ Hetzau	Weber (1997)
ⓘ Stoßbach	Weber (1997)
Kirchdorf an der Krems District Klaus an der Pyhrnbahn ⓘ Steyrling	E.Reiter (Oberösterreichs 1930 – 1982)
ⓘ Kaltau (Falkenmauertörl)	Arthofer (1998)
Steinbach am Ziehberg ⓘ Hutkogel	Weber (1997)
Windischgarsten ⓘ Spernig motorway tunnel (Spernig Süd reconnaissance gallery)	J.Taucher
Steyr-Land District Weyer Kleinreifling ⓘ Ennsberg	Weber (1997)

Belgium
Wallonia Liège ⓘ Kelmis	geokogud.info (n.d.)
ⓘ Plombières-Vieille Montagne-Moresnet mining district (Plombières-Altenberg-Moresnet mining district)	[Wurtzite-2H, Wurtzite-4H] www.fluomin.org (2014)
ⓘ Plombières	[var: Voltzite] Mélon et al. (1976)
ⓘ ~~Moresnet~~	Hatert et al. (2002)

Bolivia
Cochabamba Ayopaya Province ⓘ Kami Mine	Collections of Alfredo Petrov and Dr. ...
La Paz José Manuel Pando Province ⓘ Berenguela mining district	Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009)
Oruro Cercado Province ⓘ Oruro	Wilson (2001)
ⓘ Itos Mine	Chris Emproto Collection
ⓘ San José Mine (TL)	Wilson (2001)
Pantaleón Dalence Province Huanuni ⓘ Huanuni mine	Cacho et al. (2019)
ⓘ Maria Francisca Mine	Petrov (n.d.)
ⓘ Porvenir mine	Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964)
Poopó Province Monserrat-Antequera mining district ⓘ Antequera Mine (Tihua Mines)	Wilson (2001)
ⓘ El Salvador Mines (Antequera Mine)	Dana 7:I:440.
ⓘ Santa Rosa vein (Santa Rosa mine)	Dana 7:I:440.
ⓘ Ichocollo Mine (Monserrat Mine)	Dr. Fritz Berndt +2 other references
ⓘ Poopó	Wilson (2001) +1 other reference
Callapampa ⓘ Candelaria Mine	Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964)
ⓘ Trinacria Mine	Dana 7:I:449 +1 other reference
ⓘ San Francisco Mine	Alfredo Petrov
ⓘ Santa Cruz Mine	Petrov (n.d.)
Potosí Antonio Quijarro Province Porco Municipality ⓘ El Dragón mine	Grundmann et al. (2017) +1 other reference
Tomave Municipality Tolapampa ⓘ Cosuña volcanic complex	Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)
ⓘ Don Oscar prospect	Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)
Uyuni Municipality ⓘ Carguaicollo Mine	Turneaure et al. (1945) +2 other references
ⓘ Silver veins	Ahlfeld et al. (1964)
Huanchaca ⓘ Pulacayo Mine	Ahlfeld et al. (1964) +1 other reference
Chayanta Province Colquechaca Municipality ⓘ Colquechaca	Wilson (2001)
Ocurí Municipality Maragua Cerro Vicuña ⓘ Chipa Mine (Renacimiento Mine)	Federico Ahlfeld y Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955)
Cornelio Saavedra Province Tacobamba Municipality Canutillos subdistrict ⓘ Infiernillos Mine (Canutillos Mine)	PXRD by John Attard
Rafael Bustillo Province Llallagua ⓘ Siglo Veinte Mine	Wilson (2001)
Sud Chichas Province Atocha Municipality ⓘ Chocaya-Animas mining district (Animas-Chocaya mining district)	[Wurtzite-2H] Cazorla Martínez et al. (2019)
ⓘ Ánimas Mine	Wilson (2001)
ⓘ Chocaya mine	American Mineralogist: 54 +1 other reference
ⓘ Oploca mine	Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009)
ⓘ Tatasí	Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)
Tomás Frías Province Potosí (Potosí Municipality) ⓘ Cerro de Potosí (Cerro Rico)	Smith et al. (2001)

Bulgaria
Haskovo Province Madzharovo Municipality Madzharovo ⓘ Madzharovo deposit	Marcus Voigt Collection +2 other references
Kardzhali Province Krumovgrad Municipality Pcheloyad ⓘ Pcheloyad mine	systematic-mineralogy.com specimen
Momchilgrad Municipality ⓘ Zvezdel	Minčeva-Stefanova (1993)
Plovdiv Province Laki Municipality Laki Djurkovo Complex ⓘ Droujba mine	Lips (2006)

Canada
British Columbia Atlin Mining Division ⓘ Ericksen-Ashby deposit ?	Peatfield (n.d.)
Golden Mining Division ⓘ KIN property	Caudle +1 other reference
Greenwood Mining Division Summit Camp Wilgress Lake ⓘ Minnie Moore occurrence ?	Peatfield (n.d.)
Liard Mining Division Iskut River ⓘ Eskay Creek mine	- (n.d.)
Lillooet Mining Division Bridge River area Truax Creek ⓘ Gray Rock Mine	Peatfield (n.d.)
Osoyoos Mining Division Oliver Fairview Camp ⓘ Fairview Mine	personal correspondence with Giles ...
Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland Notre Dame Bay Springdale peninsula ⓘ Little Bay Mine	Sabina (2003)
Nunavut Qikiqtaaluk Region Baffin Island Nanisivik ⓘ Nanisivik Mine	Gait et al. (1990) +2 other references
Little Cornwallis Island ⓘ Polaris Mine (Arvik Mine)	Gunnar Farber catalogue
Ontario Hamilton West Flamborough Township Dundas Quarry ⓘ North quarry	Andrew Haighton Collection
Hastings County Centre Hastings Municipality Madoc ⓘ ~~Taylor Pit~~	Anthony et al. (1990)
Thunder Bay District Bomby Township ⓘ Hemlo gold deposit	Harris (1989)
ⓘ David Bell Mine	Sabina (1991)
Sibley Township Silver Islet ⓘ Silver Islet mine	Wilson (1986)
Québec Montérégie La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM Mont Saint-Hilaire ⓘ Poudrette quarry (De-Mix quarry; Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire; MSH)	[Wurtzite-2H, Wurtzite-4H] Tschernich (1992) +1 other reference
Lajemmerais RCM Varennes & St-Amable Saint-Amable sill ⓘ Demix-Varennes quarry	John A. Jaszczak collection
Montréal ⓘ Francon quarry	Chris Emproto Collection
Yukon Watson Lake mining district ⓘ Howard's Pass deposit	Yukon Geological Survey
Watson Lake ⓘ Sa Dena Hes Mine	Richard Gunter
Whitehorse mining district ⓘ Minto Mine	R Tafti
Yukon Crossing ⓘ Williams Creek Cu deposit (Carmacks Copper)	R Tafti

China
Guizhou Liupanshui Zhongshan District ⓘ Shanshulin Pb-Zn Mine	Senning Tang (1984)
Qiannan Duyun County ⓘ Niujiaotang Cd-Zn deposit	Lin Ye and Chaoyang Li (2003)
Hunan Chenzhou Yizhang Co. Yaogangxian W-Sn ore field ⓘ Yaogangxian Mine ?	Jensen (2009) +1 other reference
Xiangxi Longshan Co. Luota Pb-Zn ore field ⓘ Jiangjiaya Mine	Juemin Bao et al. (2003)
Inner Mongolia Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture) Hexigten Banner (Keshiketeng Co.) ⓘ Shijiangshan mine (Dashishan mine)	Fabre (n.d.)
Linxi County Guandi ⓘ Guandi Ag-Au deposit	Baisheng Zhang (1998)
Jiangxi Fuzhou Dongxiang Co. ⓘ Fenglin W-Cu deposit	Youren Hua and Zhiguo Hu (1980)
Ganzhou Xingguo Co. ⓘ Huamei'ao Mine	Xianchang Luo (1983)
Qinghai Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Golmud City (Ge'ermu Co.) ⓘ Kayakedeng Fe-polymetallic deposit	Shengshun Su et al. (2014)
Shaanxi Ankang Xunyang County Zhenxun Pb-Zn ore field (Zhen'an-Xunyang Pb-Zn ore field) ⓘ Nanshagou Pb-Zn deposit	Huaping Zhu and Dequan Zhang (2002) +1 other reference
Zhenping County ⓘ Maoping Mine	Yinjie Gong et al. (2013)
Ziyang County ⓘ Shimenwan Pb-Zn deposit	Mantang Hou et al. (2013)
Baoji Feng County Fengxian–Taibai ore cluster Yinmusi Mines ⓘ Yinmusi Pb-Zn Mine	[1]许高奇 et al. (1)
Hanzhong Lüeyang County Tongchang ore field ⓘ Chenjiaba Cu-Au-polymetallic deposit	Runsheng Han et al. (2000)
ⓘ Donggouba Au-Ag-polymetallic deposit	Guoxing Wu (1990)
Nanzheng District ⓘ Mayuan Pb-Zn deposit	Xiaohu Wang et al. (2008) +2 other references
Xixiang County ⓘ Taizi Zn occurrence	Yinjie Gong et al. (2013)
Sichuan Liangshan Yi Ningnan County Quezhushan Pb-Zn ore field ⓘ Yinchanggou-Qiluogou Pb-Zn deposit	Wei Li et al. (2010)
Xinjiang Kezilesu Autonomous Prefecture (Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture; Qizilsu Autonomous Prefecture) Wuqia Co. (Ulugqat Co.; Ulughchat Co.) ⓘ Wulagen Pb-Zn deposit	Shiye Xie et al. (2002)
Yunnan Nujiang Lanping County ⓘ Jinding Zn-Pb-Ag deposit (Lanping Mine)	Chunji Xue et al. (2006) +1 other reference
Zhejiang Lishui Qingyuan County ⓘ Laoyingyan Mine	Hui Xiang (2001)

Costa Rica
Alajuela Province Sarchí Canton ⓘ Poás Volcano	Rodríguez et al. (2017)

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Kutná Hora District Kutná Hora Vrchlice river valley ⓘ Slag locality	Pauliš P. Mineralogické lokality ...
ⓘ Příbram District
Příbram Březové Hory Černojamské deposit ⓘ Lill Mine	De Bondt (n.d.)
Karlovy Vary Region Karlovy Vary District Jáchymov ⓘ Eliáš Mine	Dana 7:I:231.
Vysočina Region Žďár nad Sázavou District Rožná ⓘ Rožná deposit	- (1993)
ⓘ Rožná I Mine	Petr Pauliš

DR Congo
Haut-Katanga Kipushi Territory Kipushi ⓘ Kipushi Mine	Deliens (1996)

Eurasian Plate
Mariana Trough Southern Mariana trench ⓘ Yamanaka hydrothermal vent	Ikehata et al. (2014)

Europe
ⓘ Sedmochislenitsi Mine (Sedmocislenici Mine)	ATANASSOVA +1 other reference

Fiji
Vanua Levu Macuata Nukundamu ⓘ Undu mine ("Udu mine")	Frenzel et al. (1967)

Finland
North Karelia ⓘ Outokumpu mining district	Kouvo +1 other reference

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Puy-de-Dôme Riom Pontgibaud ⓘ Pontgibaud smelter slag locality	Vanaecker et al. (2014)
Saint-Pierre-le-Chastel ⓘ Rosiers Mine (Le Rozier Mine; Le Rosier Mine)	[var: Voltzite] Jean Fournet (1833)
Savoie Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne Val-Cenis Sollières-Sardières ⓘ Envers Gorges	[Wurtzite-2H] De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2012)
Brittany Côtes-d'Armor Lannion Trémel ⓘ Le Gorrec	Chauris (2014)
Ille-et-Vilaine Rennes ⓘ Pont-Péan	Pillard F. et al. (1985)
Centre-Val de Loire Indre Le Blanc Chaillac ⓘ Chaillac Mines	Martaud et al. (2004)
Grand Est Haut-Rhin Colmar-Ribeauvillé ⓘ Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines	Wittern et al. (1997)
Occitanie Hérault Lodève Lodève ⓘ Mas d'Alary opencast mine	Henriot et al. (1998)
ⓘ Mas d'Alary village
ⓘ ~~Les Malines District~~	Gol et al. (2010)

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Emmendingen Waldkirch Suggental ⓘ Hornbühl ?	Walenta (1992)
Ortenaukreis Lahr/Schwarzwald Lahr/Schwarzwald Reichenbach ⓘ Silbereckle Mine	Walenta (1992)
Seelbach Seelbach Weiler ⓘ Michael Mine	Walenta (1989) +2 other references
Karlsruhe Region Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Wiesloch ⓘ Gänsberg	undefined +2 other references
ⓘ Segen Gottes Mine	Dr. Günter Grundmann collection +1 other reference
Bavaria Upper Palatinate Tirschenreuth District Bärnau ⓘ Ahornberg	Laubmann et al. (1915)
Weiden in der Oberpfalz Oedenthal ⓘ Scharnagl Quarry	Weber (2013)
Hesse Giessen Region Marburg-Biedenkopf Gladenbach Rachelshausen ⓘ Diabase quarry	Anthony et al. (1990)
Lower Saxony Goslar District Braunlage St Andreasberg Beerberg ⓘ Claus-Friedrich Mine	SEM-EDS + Visual by Joy Desor and ...
Clausthal-Zellerfeld Oberschulenberg ⓘ Glücksrad Mine	jacques peters collection
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Hochsauerlandkreis Bestwig ⓘ Ramsbeck ?	Schnorrer (1995)
Märkischer Kreis Iserlohn Letmathe Helmke quarry nature reserve ⓘ Genna zinc smelter slag locality	Blaß et al. (1993) +1 other reference
Cologne Aachen Stolberg ⓘ Birkengang zinc smelter slag locality	Blaß et al. (1995)
Breinig ⓘ Breinigerberg Mine	Graf et al. (1990)
Mausbach ⓘ Diepenlinchen Mine	Aufschluss 90 (2)
ⓘ Henriette Shaft	Aufschluss 90 (2)
ⓘ Zufriedenheit Mine	Aufschluss 90 (2)
Euskirchen Hellenthal Kamberg ⓘ Schwalenbach Mine	GeoMontanus: Die Mineralien von Rescheid
Rescheid ⓘ Wohlfahrt Mine	GeoMontanus: Die Mineralien von Rescheid
Heinsberg Hückelhoven ⓘ Sophia-Jacoba Mine	www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.)
Oberbergischer Kreis Nümbrecht Wirtenbach ⓘ Büschhof Quarry (Schretzmair Quarry)	- (2005)
Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis Overath Steinenbrück Altenbrück ⓘ Lüderich Mine	Souheur (1894)
Münster Recklinghausen Marl Hüls ⓘ Auguste Victoria coal mine	Weiß (1990)
Saxony-Anhalt Harz Oberharz am Brocken Elbingerode ⓘ Einheit Mine	Schaarschmidt (2003)
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis Ehrenfriedersdorf ⓘ Sauberg Mine	Wittern (2001)
ⓘ Johanngeorgenstadt	Wittern (2001)
Marienberg Lauta ⓘ Vater Abraham Mine	Hajek (2010)
ⓘ Schneeberg	Wittern (2001)
Schwarzenberg Pöhla ⓘ Pöhla-Tellerhäuser Mine	Wittern (2001)
Mittelsachsen ⓘ Freiberg	Wittern (2001)
Zug ⓘ Beschert Glück Mine	90. +1 other reference
Thuringia Nordhausen District Harztor Niedersachswerfen ⓘ Kohnstein Quarry	Siemroth (2008)

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) ⓘ Kamariza mines (Kamareza mines)
Plaka Plaka Mines ⓘ Adami Mine No. 2
ⓘ Plaka Mine No. 80
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Drama Kato Nevrokopi ⓘ Mavro Xylo Mine	Soulamidis et al. (2024)
Evros Alexandroupoli ⓘ Agios Philippos Mine	[var: Cadmium-rich Wurtzite] Skarpelis (1999) +3 other references
Rhodope Arriana ⓘ Ragada	Amstutz et al. (Eds.)
South Aegean Tinos Tinos Island ⓘ Panormos Bay	Tombros +3 other references

Hungary
Heves County Gyöngyös District ⓘ Gyöngyösoroszi	Gazdag et al. (2008)
ⓘ Altáró	Koch (1985)
ⓘ Bányabérc adit	Farkas et al. (2009)
ⓘ Károlytáró
ⓘ Péter-Pál Adit	Sándor et al. (2005)
ⓘ Mátraszentimre	Szakáll (2002)
ⓘ Szent Imre Mine	Szakáll et al. (1996)
Pest County Szob District ⓘ Nagybörzsöny	Koch (1985)

India
Arunachal Pradesh West Kameng District ⓘ Shergaon Circle	Ramakrishna et al. (1995)

Indian Ocean
Southwest Indian Ridge ⓘ Longqi vent field	Wang et al. (2018)
ⓘ Yuhuang vent field	Wang et al. (2023)

Iran
Markazi Province Shazand County ⓘ Nezam Abad prospect	Nezafatis (2006)

Ireland
Connacht Galway County Killimor ⓘ Tynagh Mine	de Haller +1 other reference

Italy
Emilia-Romagna Parma Province Berceto Ghiare ⓘ Rio Varbore	Adorni F. (1989)
Lombardy Varese Province ⓘ Cuasso al Monte	Biffi P. et al. (Varese)
Cavagnano ⓘ Puricelli Quarry	Gentile et al. (2023) +1 other reference
Piedmont Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Crevoladossola ⓘ Crevoladossola Quarry	Preite et al. (1995)
Sardinia South Sardinia Province Furtei Furtei mine ⓘ Is Concas	Ruggieri et al. (1997)
ⓘ Monte Santu Miali	Ruggieri et al. (1997)
ⓘ Sa Perrima	Ruggieri et al. (1997)
Sicily Metropolitan City of Messina Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands) Lipari Vulcano Island ⓘ La Fossa crater	GARAVELLI A. et al. (1997)
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Trento Province Roncegno Terme ⓘ Cinquevalli Mine	Exel (1987)
Vignola-Falesina ⓘ Rio Ricet mine ("Rio Menegol") ?	Gasparetto et al. (2014)
Tuscany Grosseto Province Massa Marittima ⓘ Accesa mine	Dill (1979)
Livorno Province Collesalvetti ⓘ Focerella quarry	Giuliano bettini collection +1 other reference
Livorno Poggio Corbolone ⓘ Variante quarry	Marinai et al. (2003) +1 other reference
ⓘ Rio Ardenza (Rio Popogna)	Bonifazi (2020)
ⓘ Le Ferriere	Giuliano bettini collection +1 other reference
Lucca Province Seravezza ⓘ Seravezza quarrying basin	Del Chiaro et al. (1990) +1 other reference
Massa-Carrara Province ⓘ Carrara	Orlandi et al. (1980) +5 other references
ⓘ Colonnata quarrying basin	Morino et al. (2014)
ⓘ Artana Quarry (Artana B Quarry)	Orlandi et al. (1994) +3 other references
ⓘ Calagio quarries (Calagio Quarry; Olmo Quarry)	Orlandi et al. (1994)
ⓘ Cardellino quarries (Fosso Cardellino quarries)	Dallegno et al. (2014) +1 other reference
ⓘ Colonnata	Morino et al. (2014 a)
ⓘ Gioia quarries	Orlandi et al. (2009) +2 other references
ⓘ La Piana Quarry	Biagioni et al. (2019)
Miseglia quarrying basin (Miseglia-Fantiscritti quarrying basin; Fantiscritti quarrying basin) ⓘ Canal Piccinino Quarry (Canal Piccinino A Quarry)	Orlandi et al. (2009)
Fantiscritti ⓘ Canalgrande Quarry (Canalgrande B Quarry; Montecatini Quarry)	Biagioni et al. (2019)
ⓘ Lucchetti Quarry (Strinato B Quarry; Strinato Quarry)	Orlandi et al. (1980)
ⓘ Val Bona Quarry (Valbona Quarry)	Orlandi et al. (1994) +4 other references
Miseglie quarrying basin (Miseglia-Fantiscritti quarrying basin; Fantiscritti quarrying basin) ⓘ Fantiscritti	Del Chiaro et al. (1990) +3 other references
ⓘ Torano quarrying basin	Franzini et al. (1982) +2 other references
ⓘ Fossa degli Angeli Quarry	Franzini et al. (1982) +2 other references
ⓘ La Facciata Quarry	Orlandi et al. (1980) +6 other references
ⓘ Lorano quarries (Lorano I Quarry; Lorano II Quarry; Lorano Quarry)	Orlandi et al. (1980) +2 other references
ⓘ Val Pulita Quarry (Valpulita Quarry)	Amici Mineralogisti Fiorentini [ Brizzi (1984) +8 other references
ⓘ Massa	Orlandi et al. (2009)
Casette ⓘ Gioia quarries (Gioia-Casette quarries; Gioia-Casette quarrying basin)	Bellé et al. (1997) +2 other references
ⓘ Madielle quarrying basin	Orlandi et al. (2009)
ⓘ Madielle quarries	Orlandi et al. (2000) +1 other reference
Tyrrhenian Sea Southern Tyrrhenian Sea Aeolian Arc seamounts ⓘ Palinuro Seamount	Tufar (1992)

Japan
Akita Prefecture Kazuno City ⓘ Osarizawa Mine	- (n.d.)
Aomori Prefecture Minamitsugaru District Ikarigaseki ⓘ Yunosawa mine	Shimizu et al. (1998) +1 other reference
ⓘ Okoppe mine	Koubutsu Jouhou (15-4-2002)
Gunma Prefecture Agatsuma District Kusatsu ⓘ Shirane mine	Yoshikawa +1 other reference
Hokkaidō Prefecture Ishikari Subprefecture Sapporo City Minami-ku ⓘ Toyoha Mine	Min. Jour. (Japan) +3 other references
Shiribeshi Subprefecture ⓘ Suttsu mine	Kagaya (1962)
Kagoshima Prefecture Minamikyushu City Chiran-cho ⓘ Akeshi mine ?	Petrov (n.d.)
Miyagi Prefecture Kurihara City ⓘ Hosokura mine	Narita (1961) +2 other references
Okinawa Prefecture Ishigaki City Senkaku Islands (Diaoyudao Islands; Diaoyutai Islands) Okinawa Trough Iheya Ridge ⓘ Iheya North knoll hydrothermal field	Hu et al. (2017)
ⓘ Yonaguni Knoll IV Hydrothermal Field	Kaul et al. (2005) +1 other reference
Okinawa Trough ⓘ Iheya North hydrothermal field	Yeats et al. (2017)
Shizuoka Prefecture Shimoda City Rendaiji ⓘ Kawazu mine (Rendaiji mine; Rendaizi mine)	- (unpublished species lists maintained by local collectors) +1 other reference
Yamagata Prefecture ⓘ Ou'izumi mine (Oizumi mine)	- (n.d.)

Jordan
Karak Governorate ⓘ Sultani oil shale deposit	Dill et al. (2009)

Kazakhstan
East Kazakhstan Region Shemonaikha District ⓘ Nikolayevsky mine (Nikolaevskaya; Nikolaevskoe; Nikolaevsky)	KAZ Minerals
Karaganda Region Balkhash Kounrad Massif ⓘ Kounrad Copper mine	Singer et al. (2008)

Kyrgyzstan
Batken Region Batken District ⓘ Kan-i-Gut Cave Mine	Filippov et al. (2013)
Kadamjay District ⓘ Chauvai (Chauvay) Sb-Hg Deposit	Kolesar et al. (1993) +1 other reference
Jalal-Abad Region Chatkal Range Kasan ore field ⓘ Terek deposit	Il'yasova +2 other references
Talas Region Talas Silver District Kurgan ore cluster ⓘ Kurgan Sn-Ag deposit	Pavlova et al. (2009)

Mexico
Chihuahua Aquiles Serdán Municipality ⓘ Santa Eulalia Mining District	University of Arizona analysis
Manuel Benavides Municipality ⓘ Tres Marias mine	Saini-Eidukat et al. (2009) +1 other reference
Durango Canatlán Municipality Tejamén (Mejamen) ⓘ Anexas Mine	Panczner (1987)
ⓘ Cia Minera Eureka Mine (Eureka Mine)	Panczner (1987)
ⓘ Gloria Mine	Panczner (1987)

Mongolia
Dornod Province Choybalsan District ⓘ Saerxite Pb-Zn-Ag deposit	Baichuang Guo et al. (2013)

Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region Zagora Province Agdz Cercle Tansifte Caïdat Tamdrost ⓘ Tamdrost Mine	Favreau et al. (2006)

Namibia
Khomas Region Windhoek Rural Aris ⓘ Aris Quarries	Uwe Kolitsch (single-crystal X-ray diffraction + SEM-EDS) +1 other reference
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	Wilson et al. (1977)
ⓘ Tsumeb smelter slag locality	Ettler et al. (2009)

Netherlands
ⓘ Limburg	T.G. Nijland

Oman
Al Batinah North Governorate ⓘ Mandoos deposit	Moreira (2017)

Pacific Ocean
East Pacific Rise ⓘ EPR 13° N	Econ Geol (1985)
ⓘ EPR 7°S-23°S	Magnetite Olivine Pyroxene Plagioclase ...
EPR 9-10° N ⓘ K vent	Peng Xiaotong (2005)
Juan de Fuca Ridge complex ⓘ Axial Seamount	Hannington et al. (1986)
Endeavor segment ⓘ Main Endeavour vent field	Herrera (2024)
ⓘ Mothra vent field	Glickson et al. (2007)
Fawlty Towers ⓘ Finn Chimney	Schrenk et al. (2003)
ⓘ EPR 21° N	Haymon (1983) +1 other reference
ⓘ Explorer Ridge	Hannington et al. (1986)
Gorda Ridge Southern Gorda Ridge ⓘ Escanaba Trough	Tuomo Törmänen (2005)
Middle Valley Bent Hill area ⓘ Bent Hill massive sulphide deposit (BHMS)	Teagle et al. (2004)
North Cleft Segment ⓘ Fountain vent	Friesen et al. (1995)
ⓘ Monolith vent	Friesen et al. (1995)
ⓘ Pipe Organ vent	Friesen et al. (1995)
ⓘ Table vent	Friesen et al. (1995)
ⓘ Galápagos hotspot (GRAFZI project)	Lalou et al. (1989)
Tonga-Kermadec Arc ⓘ Volcano No.19	Schwarz-Schampera et al. (2007)

Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Sea ⓘ Manus Basin	Chuck Adan +1 other reference
SuSu Knolls hydrothermal field ⓘ Solwara 1 (Suzette)	Yeats et al. (2014)
ⓘ Vienna Woods hydrothermal field 4	Lein et al. (1993) +1 other reference
ⓘ White Tower hydrothermal field	Lein et al. (1993)

Peru
Ancash Aija Province La Merced District ⓘ Huinac Mine	Hyršl (2009)
Bolognesi Province Aquia District ⓘ Pachapaqui mining district	Tony Peterson and Jaroslav Hyrsl ...
Huallanca District Huanzala ⓘ Cumbre area	FUKAHORI et al. (1990)
ⓘ Huanzala Mine	Imai et al. (1985) +2 other references
Huancavelica Castrovirreyna Province Castrovirreyna District ⓘ Castrovirreyna mining district	Lewis (1964)
La Libertad Santiago de Chuco Province Quiruvilca District ⓘ Quiruvilca Mine	Crowley et al. (1997)
Lima Oyón Province Oyón District Uchucchacua area ⓘ Uchucchacua Mine	Bussell et al. (1990) +1 other reference

Poland
Lesser Poland Voivodeship Olkusz County ⓘ Bukowno	Ref.: Kucha H.
Gmina Bolesław ⓘ 'Józef' washing plant	J. Cabala et al. (2008)
Gmina Olkusz ⓘ Pomorzany Mine	Eligiusz Szełęg collection
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Jawor County Gmina Bolków Radzimowice ⓘ Stara Góra deposit	Janeczek et al. (1991)
ⓘ Wilhelm Mine	Siuda (2001)
Świdnica County Gmina Świdnica ⓘ Lutomia Górna ?	Włodek et al. (2015)
Podlaskie Voivodeship ⓘ Tajno alkaline-carbonatite massif	Grabarczyk et al. (2022)
Silesian Voivodeship Piekary Śląskie Brzeziny Śląskie ⓘ Orzeł Biały Mine	P. Ramdohr +1 other reference
Świętochłowice ⓘ Guidotto zinc smelter slag locality	Vanaecker et al. (2014)
Tarnowskie Góry County Tarnowskie Góry ⓘ Friedrich Mine	Eligiusz Szełęg collection

Portugal
Aveiro Sever do Vouga ⓘ Braçal Mining Complex (Braçal Mines)

Red Sea
ⓘ Atlantis II Deep	Missack et al. (1989)

Romania
Harghita County Ditrău Complex Jolotca (Orotva) ⓘ Adit No 25	Hirtopanu et al. (2000)
Maramureș County Baia Sprie Baia Sprie mine ⓘ Minei Hill open pit	Mariaș (2005)
Băiuț Poiana Botizii ⓘ Cizma Mine (Cisma deposit)	George Dinca Collection
Cavnic ⓘ Roata Mine	Szakáll: Minerals of Carpathian Reg. +1 other reference
ⓘ Suior Mine	Damian et al. (2006) +1 other reference
ⓘ Cremenea vein	Damian et al. (2008)
Tăuții-Măgherăuș Aurum ⓘ Nistru-Baita (Nistru Mine)	Rădulescu Dan
Satu Mare County Turț ⓘ Turț Mine (Ghezuri Mine)	Szakáll: Minerals of Carpathian region +1 other reference

Russia
Altai Krai Shipunovsky District ⓘ Bakchar deposit	Rudmin et al. (2022)
Kamchatka Krai Yelizovsky District ⓘ Rodnikovoe	Tolstykh et al. (2022)
Komi Republic Pay Khoy Mountains ⓘ Silova-Yakha River	A.B.Makjeyev
Krasnoyarsk Krai Evenkiysky District ⓘ Kuzmovka complex	Sokol et al. (2019) +1 other reference
Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula ⓘ Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region	Gritsenko et al. (2008) +1 other reference
Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit ⓘ Oktyabrsky Mine	Gritsenko et al. (2005) +2 other references
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Kaskasnyunchorr Mountain	Barkov et al. (2000) +1 other reference
Kolsky District ⓘ Tepsi ultrabasic body
Lovozersky District Karnasurt Mountain Karnasurt mine ⓘ Palitra pegmatite	Pekov (2005)
Orenburg Oblast Gaysky District Sakmara Zone ⓘ Yaman-Kasy Cu-Zn deposit	Simonov et al. (2006)
Primorsky Krai Dalnegorsk Urban District Dalnegorsk ⓘ Nikolaevskiy Mine	Grant et al. (2001)
ⓘ Sinancha Sn deposit	Dobrovol’skaya et al. (2008)
Sakhalin Oblast Kuril Islands Kurilsky District Iturup Island ⓘ Kudriavy volcano	August 2007 +9 other references
Sverdlovsk Oblast Serovsky District ⓘ Marsyaty deposit ?	Belogub et al. (2026)
Zabaykalsky Krai Alexandrovo-Zavodsky District ⓘ Bugdainskoe deposit	Kiseleva et al. (2008)

Slovakia
Prešov Region Prešov District Zlatá Baňa ⓘ Zlatá Baňa deposit	Duda et. all.
Žilina Region Liptovský Mikuláš District Partizánska Ľupča ⓘ Magurka Au-Sb deposit	Chovan et al. (1995)

Slovenia
ⓘ Mežica	Rečnik (2010)

South Africa
Mpumalanga Nkangala District Municipality Victor Khanye Local Municipality Delmas ⓘ Argent	Cairncross et al. (1995)

Spain
Cantabria Reocín ⓘ Reocín Mine	Velasco et al. (2003) +1 other reference
Castile-La Mancha Ciudad Real Almadenejos ⓘ El Entredicho Mine	Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2019)
Community of Madrid Cadalso de los Vidrios ⓘ Veneros claim	Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2026)

Sweden
Östergötland County Åtvidaberg ⓘ Åtvidaberg Mining Field	Natural History Museum
Värmland County Filipstad ⓘ Nordmark Odal Field	Magnusson (1929)
ⓘ Kogruvan

Switzerland
Aargau Brugg Auenstein ⓘ Limestone quarries	Natalia Efimenko et al. (2014)
Bern Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois) Péry-La Heutte ⓘ La Reuchenette quarry	Schweizer Strahler 2/2009
Valais Goms Binn Fäld ⓘ Lengenbach Quarry	[Wurtzite-2H] Graeser (2011)
Sierre Lens ⓘ La Plâtrière quarry	Ansermet et al. (2011)

Taiwan
New Taipei City Ruifang District ⓘ Chinkuashih mine	James Huang +3 other references
ⓘ First Changjen Orebody (1st Changjen)	L. P. Tan (1993)

Tajikistan
Sughd Zeravshan Range Yagnob River ⓘ Ravat village

Tanzania
Manyara Region Simanjiro District Lelatema Mountains ⓘ Merelani Hills	[Wurtzite-4H] PXRD by John Attard (Attars Minerals) +3 other references
ⓘ D-Block Mine	Anon (2015)

Tonga
Northern Lau Basin ⓘ Kings Triple Junction	Paropkari et al. (2010)
Southern Lau Basin ⓘ ABE vent field	Wendt (2013)
ⓘ Kilo Moana vent field	Wendt (2013)

UK
England ⓘ Cornwall
Gwennap ⓘ Wheal Unity	Golley et al. (1995)
Kea ⓘ Wheal Jane ?	Golley et al. (1995)
St Hilary ⓘ Penberthy Croft Mine ?
Treverbyn Stenalees ⓘ Gunheath China Clay Pit ?	Golley et al. (1995)
Derbyshire Derbyshire Dales District Matlock ⓘ Royal mine	Ford et al. (1993)
South Darley ⓘ Millclose Mine ?	Ford et al. (1993)
North East Derbyshire District Ashover Milltown ⓘ Fall Hill Quarry	Ford et al. (1993) +1 other reference
Overton Hall ⓘ Gregory Mine	Ford et al. (1993)
Devon West Devon Bere Ferrers Bere Alston Mines East Tamar Consols ⓘ Lockridge Mine (Goldstreet Mine) ?	Grguric et al. (2006)
ⓘ South Tamar Consols (South Tamar Mine; Cowes Mine; incl. Cleave Mine; Birch Mine)	Collection Richard De Nul
Wales Powys Old Radnor ⓘ Dolyhir Quarry	Cotterell et al. (2011)

Ukraine
Zakarpattia Oblast Berehove Raion Berehove ⓘ Beregovo ore field	Econ Geol (1994)
ⓘ Muzhijevo (Muzhievo deposit)	O.K.Babynin et al. (2006)
Zhytomyr Oblast Korosten Raion ⓘ Perzhanskoe ore field (Perga Be deposit)	Nechaev S & Pastukhov V (2001)

USA
Arizona Pinal County Mammoth Mining District Tiger St. Anthony deposit ⓘ Mammoth-Saint Anthony Mine	Galbraith (1947) +1 other reference
Arkansas Pulaski County Little Rock ⓘ Granite Mountain area	Smith (1988) +1 other reference
ⓘ Big Rock Quarry (3M Quarry; Arch Street Pike Quarry)	Smith (1988) +1 other reference
Sevier County Gillham ⓘ Brewer Mine	Rocks & Minerals 71:2 pp134-137
California Mono County Tioga Mining District Lee Vining Lee Vining Canyon ⓘ Elias Bushati property	Murdoch et al. (1966)
Colorado Garfield County Piceance Basin ⓘ Green River Formation drill cores	Eckel et al. (1997)
Hinsdale County Lake City Mining District ⓘ Gold Quartz Mine	Econ Geol (1980) +1 other reference
Lake City ⓘ Golden Fleece Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
Lake County ⓘ Leadville	Shannon et al. (1985)
Iowa Gulch ⓘ Black Cloud Mine (Resurrection Mine 0080650339; Yak Tunnel; Leadville Unit; Irene Shaft)	Shannon +1 other reference
Ouray County ⓘ Genesee-Vanderbilt Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
Pitkin County Aspen Mining District (Roaring Fork Mining District) Aspen ⓘ Smuggler Mine (I. X. L.; Leadville; Trueworthy; Glendale; Arkansaw; Ground Hog; Accident; Williams Ranch; General Jackson; Claims: Smuggler; Emma; Smuggler - Durant; Silver Brick)	Eckel et al. (1997)
Rio Blanco County Piceance Basin ⓘ Green River Formation drill cores	Eckel et al. (1997)
San Juan County ⓘ Longfellow Mine	Rocks & Min.: 64:502.
Connecticut Litchfield County Thomaston Thomaston Dam ⓘ ~~Thomaston Dam railroad cut~~	Myer (1962) +1 other reference
Middlesex County East Hampton Cobalt ⓘ Great Hill cobalt mines ?	[var: Voltzite] Schooner (1958)
Middletown ⓘ Middletown lead mines (Middletown Mine) ?	[var: Voltzite] Januzzi et al. (1976)
Portland Collins Hill Strickland pegmatite ⓘ ~~Strickland Quarry~~	[var: Voltzite] Ralph Lieser of Pappy’s Beryl Shop +2 other references
ⓘ Green River Formation	Tank (1972) +2 other references
Idaho Blaine County ⓘ Era Mining District	Ream (1995)
ⓘ Reliance Mine	Ream (2004)
ⓘ St. Louis Mine	Ream (2004)
Butte County Lava Creek Mining District Champagne Creek ⓘ Last Chance Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Hornsilver Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Reliance Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ St. Louis Mine	- (2005)
Custer County Boulder Creek Mining District Jim Creek ⓘ Livingston Mine	Ream (1995)
ⓘ Mackay Mining District (Alder Creek Mining District; White Knob Mining District)	Ream (2004)
Washington County Mineral Hill Mining District ⓘ Black Hawk Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Mariah Mine (Maria; Black Maria)	- (2005)
ⓘ Silver Still Mine (North Star Property)	- (2005)
Illinois Cook County Chicago ⓘ Lake Calumet	Roadcap et al. (2005)
Iowa Black Hawk County Raymond ⓘ Pint's Quarry	Smith et al. (2002)
Johnson County Coralville ⓘ Conklin Quarry	Smith et al. (2002)
ⓘ Klein Quarry	Smith et al. (2002)
Maine Oxford County Newry ⓘ Bell pit	King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
Massachusetts Franklin County Northfield ⓘ Lane Quarry	Cristofono (n.d.)
Michigan Marquette County Marquette ⓘ Presque Isle	George W. Robinson and S.M. Carlson (2009)
Ontonagon County White Pine ⓘ White Pine Mine	Morris (1983) +1 other reference
Missouri Iron County Bixby ⓘ Buick Mine (Amax Buick Mine; Moloc Mine)	Sherwood et al. (1998)
Jasper County ⓘ Joplin Field	[Wurtzite-10H] Anthony et al. (1990)
ⓘ Combination Mine	R&M 72:6 pp 400-419
ⓘ Zig Zag Mine	Rocks & Min.: 64:28. +1 other reference
Reynolds County Greeley ⓘ Brushy Creek Mine	Sherwood et al. (1998)
West Fork ⓘ Fletcher Mine	Sherwood et al. (1998)
ⓘ West Fork Mine	Econ Geol (1992) +1 other reference
Montana Judith Basin County ⓘ Barker Mining District	Igneous Rocks and Related Mineral ... +1 other reference
Silver Bow County ⓘ Butte Mining District (Summit Valley Mining District)	Weed (1912)
ⓘ Gagnon Mine	Rocks & Min.: 16:247.
ⓘ Leonard Mine	J Lorengo collection
ⓘ Original Mine	Dana 6:1091. +1 other reference
ⓘ Steward Mine	Daniel J. Evanich Collection
ⓘ West Colusa Mine	Weed (1912)
Nevada Elko County Bootstrap Mining District ⓘ Meikle Mine	Barrick Gold Corporation
Esmeralda County Goldfield Mining District Goldfield ⓘ Mohawk Mine	Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.
ⓘ McGinnity shaft	Castor et al. (2004)
ⓘ Goldstrike Mines	Barrick Gold Corporation
Nye County Hot Creek Range ⓘ Morey Mining District	Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.
Morey Mine ⓘ Magnolia vein	Castor et al. (2004)
Washoe County Galena Mining District ⓘ Union mine (Commonwealth mine)	Rocks & Min.: 22:317.
New Jersey Passaic County Haledon ⓘ Braen Quarry	Imbriacco (2009)
Sussex County Ogdensburg Sterling Hill ⓘ Sterling Mine	[var: Voltzite] Frondel (1967)
New Mexico Cibola County ⓘ Laguna subdistrict	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Jackpile Mine (Jackpile-Paguate)	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Woodrow Mine (Woodrow breccia pipe)	NMBMMR Memoir 15 Geology and Technology ... +3 other references
Grant County ⓘ Hanover-Fierro Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Luna County Victorio Mountains ⓘ Victorio District (Gage District)	geoinfo.nmt.edu (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ New York	NY State Museum spec. no. 15057
New York City Manhattan (New York County) ⓘ 63rd Street Tunnel	John H. Betts (2009)
St. Lawrence County ⓘ Balmat-Edwards Zinc Mining District	Jensen (1978)
Ohio Athens County Trimble Township Glouster ⓘ Glouster Brick quarry	Carlson (2015)
Carroll County Mineral City ⓘ James Bros. Coal Co. strip mine	Carlson (2015)
Columbiana County Negley ⓘ Negley strip mine (Metrel Inc.)	Anderson (1979)
ⓘ North Fork Little Beaver Creek	Carlson (2015)
Wellsville ⓘ Rte 39	Carlson (2015)
Jefferson County ⓘ Alikanna	Carlson (2015)
ⓘ Ohio State Route 7	Am Min 35:43-50
Stark County Paris ⓘ Richard Immel Mine	Carlson (2015)
Tuscarawas County New Cumberland ⓘ Puskarich Mining Co. Strip Mine	Carlson (2015)
Pennsylvania Allegheny County ⓘ Abers Creek	Am Min 35:43-50
Creighton ⓘ McFettridge quarry	Am Min 35:43-50
Glassmere ⓘ Glassmere Brick Company quarry	Ref. Mineral Collecting in Pennsylvania +2 other references
ⓘ Sewickley (1)	Am Min 35:43-50
ⓘ Sewickley (2)	Am Min 35:43-50
ⓘ Springdale	Am Min 35:43-50
ⓘ Wittmer	Am Min 35:43-50
Armstrong County ⓘ Elderton	Am Min 35:43-50
Berks County Caernarvon Township ⓘ Jones mine	Piatak et al. (2012)
Chester County Warwick Township Warwick (Saint Marys) Hopewell Mines ⓘ Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site slag locality	Piatak et al. (2012)
Elk County ⓘ Brockport	Dague (2003)
Indiana County ⓘ Shelocta	Am Min 35:43-50
Lebanon County Cornwall Borough (Cornwall) ⓘ Cornwall Mines (Cornwall Iron Mine)	Lapham et al. (1965)
Philadelphia County Philadelphia Fairmount Park East Falls ⓘ Ridge Avenue and School Lane Quarries	Gordon
Westmoreland County ⓘ Donohoe	Am Min 35:43-50
ⓘ Murrysville	Seaman et al. (1950)
ⓘ Unnamed Wurtzite occurrence [1]	Am Min 35:43-50
Valley Camp ⓘ Brickyard Quarry	Am Min 35:43-50
York County West York ⓘ Medusa Cement Company Quarry	Lapham et al. (1965)
Texas Ector County Odessa ⓘ Odessa craters	Goresy (1965)
ⓘ Tri-State Mining District	Rocks & Min.
Utah Beaver County San Francisco Mining District ⓘ Frisco	Anthony et al. (1990)
ⓘ Horn Silver Mine	Butler (1913) +1 other reference
ⓘ King David Mine	- (2005)
Juab County Eureka ⓘ Centennial Eureka Mine	Marty et al. (1993)
ⓘ Chief No. 1 Mine (Chief Consolidated Mine)	- (2005)
Piute County Mount Baldy-Ohio Mining District ⓘ Clyde Mine	Bullock (1981)
Tooele County Ophir Mining District Ophir ⓘ Ophir Coalition Mine	Bullock (1981)
ⓘ Ophir Hill Consolidated Mine	Bullock (1981)
Uintah County ⓘ Sun Haverstrite Well	Chao et al. (1961)
Uteland Knoll Mining District (Ouray Mining District) Ouray ⓘ South Ouray No. 1 well	Milton et al. (1955) +1 other reference
Utah County East Tintic Mining District ⓘ North Lily Mine	Bullock (1981)
Virginia Fairfax County Culpeper Basin Centreville ⓘ Fairfax Quarry	D. Allen Penick (1987) +1 other reference
Loudoun County Leesburg ⓘ Old Goose Creek Quarry	Dietrich (1990)
Wisconsin Grant County ⓘ Cuba City	Heyl et al. (1959)
Tennyson area ⓘ Piquette Mine (Piquette #2)	Moreau et al. (2004)
Lafayette County ⓘ Cuba City area	Cordua (1998)
ⓘ New Diggings area mines	Cordua (1998)
ⓘ Shullsburg area	Cordua (1998)
Racine County Racine ⓘ Ives Quarry	Cordua (1998)

Vietnam
Bac Kan Province ⓘ Chợ Đồn District	Ishihara et al. (2010)
Tuyên Quang Province Na Hang District ⓘ Cho Dien Mine	Ishihara et al. (2010)

Zambia
Central Province Kabwe District Kabwe ⓘ Kabwe Mine	Korowski et al. (1980)

The Moon
Mare Crisium ⓘ Luna 24 landing site	[var: Cadmium-rich Wurtzite] Mokhov A.V. et al. (2007)

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Wurtzite

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