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Roquesite

A valid IMA mineral species
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06487510017271926243892.jpg
Roquesite

Akenobe mine, Oya-cho, Yabu City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
04382810017272029408673.jpg
Roquesite

Kawazu mine, Rendaiji, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan
00175380017271926273782.jpg
Roquesite, etc.

Kidd Mine, Kidd Township, Timmins, Cochrane District, Ontario, Canada
06487510017271926243892.jpg
Roquesite

Akenobe mine, Oya-cho, Yabu City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
08407430017763497565522.jpg
Roquesite

Kawazu mine, Rendaiji, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan
00175380017271926273782.jpg
Roquesite, etc.

Kidd Mine, Kidd Township, Timmins, Cochrane District, Ontario, Canada
06487510017271926243892.jpg
Roquesite

Akenobe mine, Oya-cho, Yabu City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
04382810017272029408673.jpg
Roquesite

Kawazu mine, Rendaiji, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan
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About RoquesiteHide

Formula:
CuInS2
Colour:
Grey
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
4.78 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Named after Maurice Roques, (1911-1997), French geologist, University of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Chalcopyrite Group.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3445
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3445:2

IMA Classification of RoquesiteHide

IMA status:
Approved
IMA Formula:
Cu1+In3+S2-2
Approval year:
1962
First published:
1963

Classification of RoquesiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
2.CB.10a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.
Dana 8th ed.:
2.9.1.4

2 : SULFIDES
9 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:
3.5.19

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
5 : Sulphides etc. of Hg and Tl

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
RoIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
RoThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of RoquesiteHide

Lustre:
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Grey
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN25=259 - 274 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Density:
4.78 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of RoquesiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (+)
Anisotropism:
Very weak
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1 (%)R2 (%)
400nm25.8%25.0%
420nm25.3%24.8%
440nm24.5%24.5%
460nm23.8%23.9%
480nm23.2%23.4%
500nm22.7%22.9%
520nm22.3%22.6%
540nm22.1%22.4%
560nm21.9%22.3%
580nm21.8%22.2%
600nm21.8%22.2%
620nm21.8%22.2%
640nm21.7%22.2%
660nm21.8%22.2%
680nm21.9%22.3%
700nm22.1%22.5%


Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 25.8%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Gray with a slight bluish tint

Chemistry of RoquesiteHide

Mindat Formula:
CuInS2
Element Weights:
Element% weight
In47.349 %
S26.446 %
Cu26.205 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
In
S
Cu
Elements listed:
Cu, In, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Fe

Crystallography of RoquesiteHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
42m - Scalenohedral
Space Group:
I42d
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.51 Å, c = 11.05 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.005
Unit Cell V:
335.48 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Inclusions in sulfides.
Twinning:
Polysynthetic

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0015450RoquesiteBrandt G, Rauber A, Schneider J (1973) ESR and X-ray analysis of the ternary semiconductors CuAlS2, CuInS2, and AgGaS2 Solid State Communications 12 481-4831973Synthetic sample0293
0013005RoquesiteAbrahams S C, Bernstein J L (1973) Piezoelectric nonlinear optic CuGaS2 and CuInS2 crystal structure: Sublattice distortion in AIBIIIC2VI and AIIBIVC2V type chalcopyrites Journal of Chemical Physics 59 5415-542019730293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.19 Å(vvs)
1.95 Å(vs)
1.66 Å(s)
2.76 Å(mw)
1.268 Å(vw)
1.127 Å(vvw)
3.08 Å(f)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of RoquesiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Charrier Mine, Laprugne, Vichy, Allier, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
General Appearance of Type Material:
As inclusions to 0.2 x 0.3 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1965,302.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Inclusions in bornite from a hydrothermal deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
ChalcociteChalcopyriteCovelliteSphaleriteWittichenite

Synonyms of RoquesiteHide

Other Language Names for RoquesiteHide

Relationship of Roquesite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Chalcopyrite Group
Other Members of Chalcopyrite Group:
ChalcopyriteCuFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
EskeborniteCuFeSe2Tet. 42m : P42c
GalliteCuGaS2Tet. 42m : I42d
LaforêtiteAgInS2Tet. 42m : I42d
LenaiteAgFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
ShenzhuangiteNiFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
'Unnamed (Cu-Mn-Sn Sulphide)'Cu2MnSnS4

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
41 photos of Roquesite associated with ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
35 photos of Roquesite associated with BorniteCu5FeS4
16 photos of Roquesite associated with HematiteFe2O3
9 photos of Roquesite associated with StannoiditeCu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12
5 photos of Roquesite associated with CassiteriteSnO2
5 photos of Roquesite associated with WitticheniteCu3BiS3
5 photos of Roquesite associated with DigeniteCu9S5
4 photos of Roquesite associated with ChalcociteCu2S
4 photos of Roquesite associated with QuartzSiO2
4 photos of Roquesite associated with CovelliteCuS

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.CB.RichardsiteZn2CuGaS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.OkruginiteCu2SnSe3Mon. m : Bb
2.CB.HanswilkeiteKFeS2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.CB.AuroselenideAuSeMon. 2/m : B2/m
2.CB.Ruizhongite(Ag2◻)Pb3Ge2S8Iso. 43m : I43d
2.CB.AgmantiniteAg2MnSnS4Orth.
2.CB.TolstykhiteAu3S4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.GachingiteAu(Te1-xSex)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.05aHawleyiteCdSIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05'UM1998-15-S:CuFeZn'Cu2Fe3Zn5S10
2.CB.05aColoradoiteHgTeIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aMetacinnabarHgSIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aTiemanniteHgSeIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aSphaleriteZnSIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05bSakuraiite(Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4 Iso.
2.CB.05cPolhemusite(Zn,Hg)STet.
2.CB.05aRudashevskyite(Fe,Zn)SIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aStilleiteZnSeIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aIshiharaite(Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)SIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.07a'Unnamed (Cu-Mn-Sn Sulphide)'Cu2MnSnS4
2.CB.07aShenzhuangiteNiFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10bTalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16Iso. 43m : I43m
2.CB.10bHaycockiteCu4Fe5S8Orth. 222
2.CB.10aLenaiteAgFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10aGalliteCuGaS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10aEskeborniteCuFeSe2Tet. 42m : P42c
2.CB.10a'UM1984-30-S:CuFeSn'Cu2Fe2Sn3S7
2.CB.10cOmariniiteCu8Fe2ZnGe2S12Orth. 222 : I222
2.CB.10aChalcopyriteCuFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10a'Unnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide)'CuZn2InS4
2.CB.10bMooihoekiteCu9Fe9S16Tet. 42m : P42m
2.CB.10aLaforêtiteAgInS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10bPutoraniteCu1.1Fe1.2S2Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pn3m
2.CB.15aVelikiteCu2HgSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15c'UM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZn'Cu8(Fe,Zn)3Ge2S12 (?)
2.CB.15aHocartiteAg2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15aKësteriteCu2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aPirquitasiteAg2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aStanniteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15cStannoiditeCu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12Orth. 222 : I222
2.CB.15bMohiteCu2SnS3Mon.
2.CB.15aČernýiteCu2CdSnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15aIdaiteCu5FeS6Hex.
2.CB.15aFerrokësteriteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aKuramiteCu3SnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.17a v'Arsenic-bearing Renierite'Cu11GeAsFe4S16
2.CB.20MawsoniteCu6Fe2SnS8Tet. 42m : P4m2
2.CB.20ChatkaliteCu6FeSn2S8Tet. 42m : P4m2
2.CB.30'Frieseite'Ag2Fe5S8 (?)
2.CB.30NekrasoviteCu26V2(Sn,As,Sb)6S32Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.30'Argyropyrite'near Ag2Fe7S11
2.CB.30MaikainiteCu20(Fe,Cu)6Mo2Ge6S32Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.CB.30ColusiteCu13VAs3S16Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.30GermaniteCu13Fe2Ge2S16Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.30GermanocolusiteCu26V2(Ge,As)6S32Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.30StibiocolusiteCu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S16Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.30Ovamboite Cu20(Fe,Cu,Zn)6W2Ge6S32Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.35aMorozeviczite(Pb,Fe)3Ge1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.35aRenierite(Cu+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16Tet. 42m : P42c
2.CB.35aHemusiteCu6SnMoS8Iso.
2.CB.35bCatamarcaiteCu6GeWS8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.35aVincienniteCu+7Cu2+3Fe2+2Fe3+2Sn(As,Sb)S16Tet.
2.CB.35aKiddcreekiteCu6SnWS8Iso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.35aPolkovicite(Fe,Pb)3(Ge,Fe)1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.40LautiteCuAsSOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.CB.42LingbaoiteAgTe3Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.45CadmoseliteCdSeHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45RambergiteMnSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Buseckite(Fe,Zn,Mn)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45MaletoyvayamiteAu3Se4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.45GreenockiteCdSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Wurtzite(Zn,Fe)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.47MurchisiteCr5S6Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31c
2.CB.50'Zincselenide'ZnSe
2.CB.50WassoniteTiSTrig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.CB.52'Dzhezkazganite'ReMoCu2PbS6 ?Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.55bIsocubaniteCuFe2S3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.CB.55aCubaniteCuFe2S3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.60RaguiniteTlFeS2Orth.
2.CB.60PicotpauliteTlFe2S3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
2.CB.65ArgentopyriteAgFe2S3Mon. 2/m
2.CB.65SternbergiteAgFe2S3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.70SulvaniteCu3VS4Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.75VulcaniteCuTeOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.80EmpressiteAgTeOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.85MuthmanniteAuAgTe2Mon. 2/m : P2/m

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Readily etched by concentrated HNO3.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for RoquesiteHide

References for RoquesiteHide

Reference List:
Picot, Paul, Pierrot, Roland (1963) La roquésite, premier minéral d'indium : CuInS2. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 86 (1) 7-14 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1963.5607
Fleischer, M. (1963) New mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 48 (9-10) 1178-1184
Sutherland, J. K., Boorman, R. S. (1969) A new occurrence of roquesite at Mount Pleasant, New Brunswick. American Mineralogist, 54 (7-8) 1202-1203
Abrahams, S. C., Bernstein, J. L. (1973) Piezoelectric nonlinear optic CuGaS2 and CuInS2 crystal structure: Sublattice distortion in AIBIIIC2VI and AIIBIVC2V type chalcopyrites. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 59 (10) 5415-5422 doi:10.1063/1.1679891
Brandt, G., Räuber, A., Schneider, J. (1973) ESR and x-ray analysis of the ternary semiconductors CuAlS2, CuInS2 and AgGaS2. Solid State Communications, 12 (6). 481-483 doi:10.1016/0038-1098(73)90638-8
Burke, E. A. J., Kieft, C. (1980) Roquesite and Cu-In-bearing sphalerite from Långban, Bergslagen, Sweden. The Canadian Mineralogist, 18 (3). 361-363
Cantinolle, Patrice, Laforêt, Claude, Maurel, Colette, Picot, Paul, Grangeon, Jean (1985) Contribution à la minéralogie de l'indium : Découverte en France de deux nouveaux sulfures d'indium et de deux nouvelles occurrences de roquesite. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 108 (2) 245-248 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1985.7873
Shimizu, M., Kato, A. (1991) Roquesite-bearing tin ores from the Omodani, Akenobe, Fukoku, and Ikuno polymetallic vein-type deposits in the inner zone of southwestern Japan. The Canadian Mineralogist: 29; 207-215.
(2005) Roquesite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America
Jonsson, Erik, Högdahl, Karin, Majka, Jaroslaw, Lindeberg, Tomas (2013) Roquesite and associated indium-bearing sulfides from Paleoproterozoic carbonate-hosted mineralization: Lindbom's Prospect, Bergslagen, Sweden. The Canadian Mineralogist, 51 (4). 629-641 doi:10.3749/canmin.51.4.629

Localities for RoquesiteHide

Showing 67 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
 
  • Catamarca Province
    • Andalgalá Department
      • Andalgalá
Putz et al. (2009)
Yaciuk et al. (2021)
Yaciuk et al. (2021)
  • Río Negro Province
    • Valcheta Department
Dill et al. (2013)
Austria
 
  • Tyrol
    • Innsbruck-Land District
      • Neustift im Stubaital
        • Habicht
Auer (2024)
Bolivia
 
  • Potosí
    • Sud Chichas Province
      • Atocha Municipality
        • San Vicente mining district
Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)
Brazil
 
  • Goiás
    • Monte Alegre de Goiás
      • Mangabeira tin deposit
www.sbgeo.org.br (2004) +2 other references
Bulgaria
 
  • Pazardzhik Province
    • Panagyurishte Municipality
      • Levski
Cook et al. (2002) +2 other references
      • Popintsi
Cook et al. (2002)
Canada
 
  • New Brunswick
    • Charlotte Co.
      • Saint George Parish
Adex Mining
  • Ontario
    • Cochrane District
      • Timmins
        • Kidd Township
Kidd Operations
China
 
  • Fujian
    • Longyan
      • Shanghang Co.
        • Zijinshan ore field
Long et al. (2025)
  • Hunan
    • Chenzhou
      • Linwu Co.
Liu et al. (2017)
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
    • Příbram District
      • Příbram
Litochleb J.
  • Karlovy Vary Region
Ondruš et al. (2003)
  • Ústí nad Labem Region
    • Teplice District
      • Dubí
Krátký et al. (2026)
Europe
 
  • Ore Mountains
Jansa et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Finland
 
  • Central Finland
    • Laukaa
Hietanen (2015)
  • Uusimaa
    • Loviisa
Sundblad K.L. et al. (2014) +1 other reference
Cook et al. (2011)
Cook et al. (2011)
Finland/Russia
 
  • Wyborg batholith
Al-Ani et al. (2018)
France (TL)
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Allier
      • Vichy
        • Laprugne
Picot et al. (1963) +2 other references
  • Brittany
    • Morbihan
      • Vannes
        • Guer
Cantinolle et al. (1985) +1 other reference
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Haute-Vienne
      • Bellac
        • Vaulry
Cantinolle et al. (1985) +2 other references
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Hautes-Alpes
      • Briançon
        • Villar-d'Arêne
R. Pierrot
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza)
          • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
Skarpelis (2007)
Uwe Kolitsch and Branko Rieck analyses (see also http://lavrion.gr/Minerals/Updates.html)
Skarpelis (2007)
  • Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
    • Evros
      • Alexandroupoli
Voudouris et al. (2022) +1 other reference
India
 
  • Haryana
    • Bhiwani District
Seetharam (1986) +1 other reference
  • Madhya Pradesh
    • Katni district
Tripathi et al. (2022)
Japan
 
  • Fukui Prefecture
    • Ono City
Shimizu et al. (1987)
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Ishikari Subprefecture
      • Sapporo City
        • Minami-ku
YAJIMA et al. (1991)
田中崇裕・濱根大輔: ...
  • Hyogo Prefecture
    • Asago City
      • Ikuno-cho-ono
Shimizu et al. (1987) +1 other reference
    • Yabu City
      • Oya-cho
Mining Annual Review:1985:407. +5 other references
  • Okayama Prefecture
    • Mimasaka city
      • Miyahara
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012)
  • Shizuoka Prefecture
    • Shimoda City
      • Rendaiji
Kato et al. (1986) +2 other references
  • Tochigi Prefecture
    • Nikko City
      • Kuriyamamura
Matsubara and Miyawaki (2006) +1 other reference
Kazakhstan
 
  • Pavlodar Region
    • Bayanaul District
Baibatsha et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Norway
 
  • Telemark
    • Kviteseid
Neumann (1985)
Portugal
 
  • Beja
    • Castro Verde
      • Santa Bárbara de Padrões
Lundin Mining 
Romania
 
  • Bihor County
    • Nucet
Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference
  • Caraş-Severin County
Cook et al. (2003)
Russia
 
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Sosnovsky District
Excalibur Mineral Corp. - Mineral News
    • Verkhneuralsky District
      • Uzelga VHMS deposits
Ayupova et al. (2015) +2 other references
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Koryak Okrug
      • Karaginsky District
Kozlov et al. (n.d.)
  • Khabarovsk Krai
    • Verkhnebureinsky District
Alekseev et al. (2015)
Semenyak BI et al. (1994)
  • Republic of Karelia
    • Pitkyarantsky District
Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September) +1 other reference
Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September)
Valkama et al. (2013)
  • Sakhalin Oblast
    • Kuril Islands
      • Kurilsky District
        • Iturup Island
maurice.strahlen.org (2004)
      • Yuzhno-Kurilsky District
        • Kunashir Island
Kovalenker et al. (2005)
Slovakia
 
  • Košice Region
    • Rožňava District
Koděra et al. (1986)
South Korea
 
  • Ulsan
    • Buk District
IMAI et al. (1984) +1 other reference
Sweden
 
  • Värmland County
    • Filipstad
Damman et al. (1990)
Kieft et al. (1990) +1 other reference
      • Långban Ore District
Burke et al. (1980) +1 other reference
Lindeberg (2013) +1 other reference
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Perranzabuloe
        • Perranporth
          • Perran St George and Droskyn Mines
Andersen et al. (2016)
      • St Just
        • Pendeen
Golley et al. (1995) +2 other references
      • Stokeclimsland
        • Callington United Mines (incl. Emmens United Mines)
Andersen et al. (2016)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
      • Bisbee
Schumer (2017)
  • Nevada
    • Washoe County
      • Pyramid Mining District
        • Ruth vein system
Castor et al. (2004)
  • Utah
    • Salt Lake County
      • Bingham Mining District
        • Bingham Canyon
Brodbeck et al. (2022)
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