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Kuramite

A valid IMA mineral species
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02280690017271924455228.jpg
Kuramite

Campbell Mine, Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
00065730017271924491497.jpg
Kuramite, etc.

Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
02284260017271924532837.jpg
Kuramite, etc.

Gunheath China Clay Pit, Stenalees, Treverbyn, Cornwall, England, UK
02280690017271924455228.jpg
Kuramite

Campbell Mine, Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
00065730017271924491497.jpg
Kuramite, etc.

Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
02284260017271924532837.jpg
Kuramite, etc.

Gunheath China Clay Pit, Stenalees, Treverbyn, Cornwall, England, UK
02280690017271924455228.jpg
Kuramite

Campbell Mine, Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
01385580017271924585106.jpg
Kuramite, etc.

Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
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About KuramiteHide

05799270017271924619586.jpg
Qurama (Kuramin) mountains, Uzbekistan
Formula:
Cu3SnS4
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
4.56 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Stannite Group
Name:
Named in 1979 by V.A. Kovalenker, T.L. Evstigneeva, N.V. Troneva, and L.N. Vyal´sov for the Kuramin (Qurama) Mountains where the type locality is found.
Stannite group.

Compare also the varieties, stannoenargite and stannoluzonite, and other Cu-Sn sulphides: mohite, erazoite and 'UM1981-18-S:CuSn'.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2291
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2291:6

Similar NamesHide

CromiteA synonym of Chromite
GarmiteA valid IMA mineral speciesCsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
GraemiteA valid IMA mineral speciesCu[TeO3] · H2O
GrammiteA synonym of Wollastonite
GurimiteA valid IMA mineral speciesBa3(VO4)2
Keramite (of Hunt)A variety of Kaolinite
Keramite (of Mellor and Scott)A synonym of Mullite
KulaniteA valid IMA mineral speciesBa(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3
KunatiteA valid IMA mineral speciesCuFe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
KuratiteA valid IMA mineral speciesCa2(Fe52+Ti)O2[Si4Al2O18]

IMA Classification of KuramiteHide

Classification of KuramiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
2.CB.15a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.
Dana 8th ed.:
2.9.2.4

2 : SULFIDES
9 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:
6.1.1

6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
1 : Sulphostannates and other sulfides containing Sn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
KuIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
KuThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of KuramiteHide

Lustre:
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Streak:
Metallic
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN20=379 - 432 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Density:
4.56 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of KuramiteHide

Anisotropism:
Distinct, brown shades
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1 (%)R2 (%)
460nm25.3% 25.2%
540nm26.5% 28.7%
580nm26.7% 29.5%
640nm26.5% 28.0%


Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 29.5%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Neutral gray

Chemistry of KuramiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Cu3SnS4
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Cu43.564 %
S29.309 %
Sn27.127 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Elements listed:
Cu, S, Sn - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Fe,Zn,In

Crystallography of KuramiteHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
42m - Scalenohedral
Space Group:
I42m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.545(5) Å, c = 10.75(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.939
Unit Cell V:
330.53 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0013950KuramiteChen X, Wada H, Sato A, Mieno M (1998) Synthesis, electrical conductivity, and crystal structure of Cu4Sn7S16 and structure refinement of Cu2SnS3 Journal of Solid State Chemistry 139 144-1511998synthetic0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.13 Å(10)
1.914 Å(8)
1.640 Å(6)
1.108 Å(4)
1.244 Å(3)
2.70 Å(2)
1.044 Å(2)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere>4.45
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)

Type Occurrence of KuramiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Kockbulak mine (Kochbulak Au-Ag-Te deposit), Ohangaron District, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan
General Appearance of Type Material:
Inclusions, 5-80 microns in diameter within goldfieldite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
1) A. E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
2) Institute of Ore Deposits (IGEM), Moscow, Russia.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Gold-sulfide deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
AltaiteGoldfielditeHessiteNative GoldPetzite
Sylvanite
Reference:
Kovalenker, V.A., Evstigneeva,T.L., Troneva, N.V., Vyal´sov, L.N. (1979) Kuramite, Cu3SnS4, a new mineral of the stannite group. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 108: 564-569. (in Russian)

Synonyms of KuramiteHide

Other Language Names for KuramiteHide

Dutch:Kuramiet
German:Kuramit
Spanish:Kuramita

Relationship of Kuramite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Stannite Group
Other Members of Stannite Group:
BriartiteCu2FeGeS4Tet.
ČernýiteCu2CdSnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
FamatiniteCu3SbS4Tet. 42m : I42m
FerrokësteriteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
HocartiteAg2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
KësteriteCu2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
KeutschiteCu2AgAsS4Tet. 42m : I42m
LuzoniteCu3AsS4Tet. 42m : I42m
OmariniiteCu8Fe2ZnGe2S12Orth. 222 : I222
PermingeatiteCu3SbSe4Tet. 42m : I42m
Petrukite(Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4Orth. mm2 : Pmn21
PirquitasiteAg2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
RichardsiteZn2CuGaS4Tet. 42m : I42m
StanniteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
StannoiditeCu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12Orth. 222 : I222
'UM1984-30-S:CuFeSn'Cu2Fe2Sn3S7
'Unnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide)'CuZn2InS4
VelikiteCu2HgSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
ZincobriartiteCu2(Zn,Fe)(Ge,Ga)S4Tet. 42m : I42m

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
4 photos of Kuramite associated with PyriteFeS2
3 photos of Kuramite associated with QuartzSiO2
1 photo of Kuramite associated with StannoiditeCu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.CB.RichardsiteZn2CuGaS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.OkruginiteCu2SnSe3Mon. m : Bb
2.CB.HanswilkeiteKFeS2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.CB.AuroselenideAuSeMon. 2/m : B2/m
2.CB.Ruizhongite(Ag2◻)Pb3Ge2S8Iso. 43m : I43d
2.CB.AgmantiniteAg2MnSnS4Orth.
2.CB.TolstykhiteAu3S4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.GachingiteAu(Te1-xSex)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.05aHawleyiteCdSIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05'UM1998-15-S:CuFeZn'Cu2Fe3Zn5S10
2.CB.05aColoradoiteHgTeIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aMetacinnabarHgSIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aTiemanniteHgSeIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aSphaleriteZnSIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05bSakuraiite(Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4 Iso.
2.CB.05cPolhemusite(Zn,Hg)STet.
2.CB.05aRudashevskyite(Fe,Zn)SIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aStilleiteZnSeIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aIshiharaite(Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)SIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.07a'Unnamed (Cu-Mn-Sn Sulphide)'Cu2MnSnS4
2.CB.07aShenzhuangiteNiFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10bTalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16Iso. 43m : I43m
2.CB.10bHaycockiteCu4Fe5S8Orth. 222
2.CB.10aLenaiteAgFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10aGalliteCuGaS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10aRoquesiteCuInS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10aEskeborniteCuFeSe2Tet. 42m : P42c
2.CB.10a'UM1984-30-S:CuFeSn'Cu2Fe2Sn3S7
2.CB.10cOmariniiteCu8Fe2ZnGe2S12Orth. 222 : I222
2.CB.10aChalcopyriteCuFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10a'Unnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide)'CuZn2InS4
2.CB.10bMooihoekiteCu9Fe9S16Tet. 42m : P42m
2.CB.10aLaforêtiteAgInS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10bPutoraniteCu1.1Fe1.2S2Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pn3m
2.CB.15aVelikiteCu2HgSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15c'UM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZn'Cu8(Fe,Zn)3Ge2S12 (?)
2.CB.15aHocartiteAg2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15aKësteriteCu2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aPirquitasiteAg2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aStanniteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15cStannoiditeCu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12Orth. 222 : I222
2.CB.15bMohiteCu2SnS3Mon.
2.CB.15aČernýiteCu2CdSnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15aIdaiteCu5FeS6Hex.
2.CB.15aFerrokësteriteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.17a v'Arsenic-bearing Renierite'Cu11GeAsFe4S16
2.CB.20MawsoniteCu6Fe2SnS8Tet. 42m : P4m2
2.CB.20ChatkaliteCu6FeSn2S8Tet. 42m : P4m2
2.CB.30'Frieseite'Ag2Fe5S8 (?)
2.CB.30NekrasoviteCu26V2(Sn,As,Sb)6S32Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.30'Argyropyrite'near Ag2Fe7S11
2.CB.30MaikainiteCu20(Fe,Cu)6Mo2Ge6S32Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.CB.30ColusiteCu13VAs3S16Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.30GermaniteCu13Fe2Ge2S16Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.30GermanocolusiteCu26V2(Ge,As)6S32Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.30StibiocolusiteCu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S16Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.30Ovamboite Cu20(Fe,Cu,Zn)6W2Ge6S32Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.35aMorozeviczite(Pb,Fe)3Ge1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.35aRenierite(Cu+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16Tet. 42m : P42c
2.CB.35aHemusiteCu6SnMoS8Iso.
2.CB.35bCatamarcaiteCu6GeWS8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.35aVincienniteCu+7Cu2+3Fe2+2Fe3+2Sn(As,Sb)S16Tet.
2.CB.35aKiddcreekiteCu6SnWS8Iso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.35aPolkovicite(Fe,Pb)3(Ge,Fe)1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.40LautiteCuAsSOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.CB.42LingbaoiteAgTe3Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.45CadmoseliteCdSeHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45RambergiteMnSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Buseckite(Fe,Zn,Mn)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45MaletoyvayamiteAu3Se4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.45GreenockiteCdSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Wurtzite(Zn,Fe)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.47MurchisiteCr5S6Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31c
2.CB.50'Zincselenide'ZnSe
2.CB.50WassoniteTiSTrig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.CB.52'Dzhezkazganite'ReMoCu2PbS6 ?Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.55bIsocubaniteCuFe2S3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.CB.55aCubaniteCuFe2S3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.60RaguiniteTlFeS2Orth.
2.CB.60PicotpauliteTlFe2S3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
2.CB.65ArgentopyriteAgFe2S3Mon. 2/m
2.CB.65SternbergiteAgFe2S3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.70SulvaniteCu3VS4Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.75VulcaniteCuTeOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.80EmpressiteAgTeOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.85MuthmanniteAuAgTe2Mon. 2/m : P2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for KuramiteHide

References for KuramiteHide

Reference List:
Kovalenker, V.A., Evstigneeva,T.L., Troneva, N.V., Vyal´sov, L.N. (1979) Kuramite, Cu3SnS4, a new mineral of the stannite group. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 108: 564-569. (in Russian)
Fleischer, M., Cabri, L. J., Chao, G. Y., Pabst, A. (1980) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 65 (9-10). 1065-1070
Kovalenker, V. A. (1981) Kuramite, Cu3SnS4, a new mineral of the stannite group. International Geology Review, 23 (3) 365-370 doi:10.1080/00206818109455070
Chen, Xue-an, Wada, Hiroaki, Sato, Akira, Mieno, Masahiro (1998) Synthesis, electrical conductivity, and crystal structure of Cu4Sn7S16 and structure refinement of Cu2SnS3. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 139. 144-151 doi:10.1006/jssc.1998.7822
(2005) Kuramite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America
Di Benedetto, F., Evstigneeva, T., Borgheresi, M., Caneschi, A., Romanelli, M. (2009) The unusual magnetic properties of kuramite–stannite pseudobinary series: a SQUID and EPR survey. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 36 (6) 301-309 doi:10.1007/s00269-008-0278-7
Zalewski, W., Bacewicz, R., Antonowicz, J., Pietnoczka, A., Evstigneeva, T.L., Schorr, S. (2010) XAFS study of kesterite, kuramite and stannite type alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 492. 35-38 doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.158
Benedetto, Francesco Di, Borrini, Daniele, Caneschi, Andrea, Fornaciai, Gabriele, Innocenti, Massimo, Lavacchi, Alessandro, Massa, Carlo Andrea, Montegrossi, Giordano, Oberhauser, Werner, Pardi, Luca A., Romanelli, Maurizio (2011) Magnetic properties and cation ordering of nanopowders of the synthetic analogue of kuramite, Cu3SnS4. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 38 (6) 483-490 doi:10.1007/s00269-011-0421-8
Lin, Xianzhong, Steigert, Alexander, Lux-Steiner, Martha Ch., Ennaoui, Ahmed (2012) One-step solution-based synthesis and characterization of kuramite Cu3SnS4 nanocrystals. RSC Advances, 2 (26). 9798pp. doi:10.1039/c2ra21777e
Goto, Yosuke; Naito, Fumihiko; Sato, Rina; Yoshiyasu, Keigo; Itoh, Takanori; Kamihara, Yoichi; Matoba, Masanori (2013) Enhanced Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in Stannite–Kuramite Solid Solutions Cu2+xFe1–xSnS4–y (x = 0–1) with Anisotropy Lowering. Inorganic Chemistry, 52 (17). 9861-9866 doi:10.1021/ic401310c
Shibuya, Taizo; Goto, Yosuke; Kamihara, Yoichi; Matoba, Masanori; Yasuoka, Kenji; Burton, Lee A.; Walsh, Aron (2014) From kesterite to stannite photovoltaics: Stability and band gaps of the Cu2(Zn,Fe)SnS4 alloy. Applied Physics Letters, 104 (2). 21912 doi:10.1063/1.4862030
Goto, Yosuke, Sakai, Yuki, Kamihara, Yoichi, Matoba, Masanori (2015) Electronic structure and transport properties of Cu-deficient kuramite Cu3−xSnS4. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 54 (2) 21801 doi:10.7567/jjap.54.021801
Di Benedetto, Francesco, Bencistà, Ilaria, D’Acapito, Francesco, Frizzera, Silvia, Caneschi, Andrea, Innocenti, Massimo, Lavacchi, Alessandro, Montegrossi, Giordano, Oberhauser, Werner, Romanelli, Maurizio, Dittrich, Herbert, Pardi, Luca A., Tippelt, Gerold, Amthauer, Georg (2016) Geomaterials related to photovoltaics: a nanostructured Fe-bearing kuramite, Cu3SnS4. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 43 (8) 535-544 doi:10.1007/s00269-016-0814-9

Localities for KuramiteHide

Showing 18 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Arctic Ocean
 
  • Norwegian Sea
    • Mohns Ridge
Olsen (2016)
Argentina
 
  • Catamarca Province
    • Andalgalá Department
      • Andalgalá
FRANCHINI (27º26'S-66º16'O)
  • Salta Province
    • Los Andes department
      • San Antonio de los Cobres
        • Organullo mining district
Brodtkorb (2002) +2 other references
Bosnia and Herzegovina
 
  • Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Zenica-Doboj Canton
      • Vareš
Vokić (2024)
Chile
 
  • Coquimbo
    • Elqui Province
HENLEY et al. (2011)
DR Congo
 
  • Haut-Katanga
 ...
Greece
 
  • Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
    • Evros
      • Alexandroupoli
Voudouris et al. (2011)
Hungary
 
  • Heves County
    • Pétervására District
      • Recsk
Japan
 
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Shiribeshi Subprefecture
CHIMIZU (1993)
Russia
 
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Koryak Okrug
      • Karaginsky District
Kozlov et al. (n.d.)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Treverbyn
        • Stenalees
Golley et al. (1995) +1 other reference
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
Graeme (1993)
Anthony et al. (1995)
  • Colorado
    • San Juan County
      • Anvil Mountain
Rocks & Minerals 71:2 pp94-101
  • Nevada
    • Esmeralda County
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Nye County
      • Cactus Range
        • Cactus Springs Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
      • Gold Crater Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
Uzbekistan (TL)
 
  • Tashkent Region
    • Ohangaron District
Kovalenker et al. (1979) +3 other references
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