Goldfieldite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Goldfieldite

View of the Goldfield mining area, in 1907.
Goldfield, Goldfield Mining District, Esmeralda County, Nevada, USA
Goldfield, Goldfield Mining District, Esmeralda County, Nevada, USA
Formula:
(Cu4◻2)(Cu4Cu+2)Te4S12S
Initial incorporation of up to 2 Te4+ for (Sb,As)3+ is accompanied by a concomitant replacement of X2+ (typically Fe2+ or Zn) with Cu+ to maintain charge balance. Additional incorporation of Te is accompanied by the development of up to two vacancies in the A-site. The end-member formula (fully-Te-substituted) is shown.
Colour:
Dark lead-gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3 - 3½
Specific Gravity:
4.95
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named after the boomtown of Goldfield, Nevada, USA, where the type locality, the Mohawk Mine, is situated.
Related to stibiogoldfieldite by the substitution of 2Te4+ for 2Sb3+, charge-compensated by the development of two vacancies from the loss of two M2-site Cu+.
A temperature of formation between 350 and 450 °C was suggested based on an experimental study of the system Cu-Te-S (Karup-Møller, 1994).
A temperature of formation between 350 and 450 °C was suggested based on an experimental study of the system Cu-Te-S (Karup-Møller, 1994).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1721
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1721:9
IMA Classification of Goldfieldite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
(Cu1+4◻2)Cu1+6Te4+4S2-13
Approval history:
Redefined 2019 s.p.: Trudu and Knittel (1998).
Classification of Goldfieldite
2.GB.05
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
B : Neso-sulfarsenites, etc. with additional S
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
B : Neso-sulfarsenites, etc. with additional S
3.3.6.6
3 : SULFOSALTS
3 : 3 <ø < 4
3 : SULFOSALTS
3 : 3 <ø < 4
5.1.6
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
1 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Cu
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
1 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Gf | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Gf | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Goldfieldite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Dark lead-gray
Hardness:
3 - 3½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=291 - 342 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Density:
4.95 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.935 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Goldfieldite
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) |
|---|---|
| 400nm | 30.7% |
| 420nm | 30.7% |
| 440nm | 30.7% |
| 460nm | 30.7% |
| 480nm | 30.7% |
| 500nm | 30.7% |
| 520nm | 30.6% |
| 540nm | 30.6% |
| 560nm | 30.6% |
| 580nm | 30.6% |
| 600nm | 30.6% |
| 620nm | 30.7% |
| 640nm | 30.9% |
| 660nm | 31.0% |
| 680nm | 31.1% |
| 700nm | 31.2% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 31.2%.
Chemistry of Goldfieldite
Mindat Formula:
(Cu4◻2)(Cu4Cu+2)Te4S12S
Initial incorporation of up to 2 Te4+ for (Sb,As)3+ is accompanied by a concomitant replacement of X2+ (typically Fe2+ or Zn) with Cu+ to maintain charge balance. Additional incorporation of Te is accompanied by the development of up to two vacancies in the A-site. The end-member formula (fully-Te-substituted) is shown.
Initial incorporation of up to 2 Te4+ for (Sb,As)3+ is accompanied by a concomitant replacement of X2+ (typically Fe2+ or Zn) with Cu+ to maintain charge balance. Additional incorporation of Te is accompanied by the development of up to two vacancies in the A-site. The end-member formula (fully-Te-substituted) is shown.
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ag,Fe,Zn,Bi
Crystallography of Goldfieldite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
43m - Hextetrahedral
Space Group:
I43m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.304 Å
Unit Cell V:
1,094.00 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Massive, crusts
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014882 | Goldfieldite | Pohl D, Liessmann W, Okrugin V M (1996) Rietveld analysis of selenium-bearing goldfieldites Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1996 1-8 | 1996 | Ozernoya deposit, Kamchatka, Russia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014881 | Goldfieldite | Pohl D, Liessmann W, Okrugin V M (1996) Rietveld analysis of selenium-bearing goldfieldites Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1996 1-8 | 1996 | Ozernoya deposit, Kamchatka, Russia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014880 | Goldfieldite | Pohl D, Liessmann W, Okrugin V M (1996) Rietveld analysis of selenium-bearing goldfieldites Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1996 1-8 | 1996 | Ozernoya deposit, Kamchatka, Russia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014879 | Goldfieldite | Pohl D, Liessmann W, Okrugin V M (1996) Rietveld analysis of selenium-bearing goldfieldites Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1996 1-8 | 1996 | Ozernoya deposit, Kamchatka, Russia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014878 | Goldfieldite | Pohl D, Liessmann W, Okrugin V M (1996) Rietveld analysis of selenium-bearing goldfieldites Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1996 1-8 | 1996 | Ozernoya deposit, Kamchatka, Russia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.97 Å | (100) |
| 1.819 Å | (60) |
| 3.64 Å | (30) |
| 1.552 Å | (30) |
| 2.58 Å | (20) |
| 2.43 Å | (20) |
| 5.15 Å | (10) |
Comments:
Goldfield, Nevada, USA, ICDD 29-531.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
Epithermal precious metal deposits
Type Occurrence of Goldfieldite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
n.d.
Other Language Names for Goldfieldite
Relationship of Goldfieldite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Goldfieldite Subgroup:
| Arsenogoldfieldite | (Cu4Cu2)(Cu4Cu+2)(As2Te2)S12S | Iso. 43m : I43m |
| Stibiogoldfieldite | (Cu4Cu2)(Cu4Cu+2)(Sb2Te2)S12S | Iso. 43m : I43m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 34 photos of Goldfieldite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 31 photos of Goldfieldite associated with Native Gold | Au |
| 28 photos of Goldfieldite associated with Famatinite | Cu3SbS4 |
| 11 photos of Goldfieldite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 11 photos of Goldfieldite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 9 photos of Goldfieldite associated with Luzonite | Cu3AsS4 |
| 9 photos of Goldfieldite associated with Tennantite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S |
| 8 photos of Goldfieldite associated with Bodieite | Bi2(TeO3)2(SO4) |
| 7 photos of Goldfieldite associated with Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| 7 photos of Goldfieldite associated with Rickardite | Cu7Te5 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.GB. | 'Polybasite-Tac' | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| 2.GB. | Kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Zn) | [Ag6]4+(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S12◻ |
| 2.GB. | Argentotetrahedrite-(Hg) | Ag6(Cu4Hg2)Sb4S12S |
| 2.GB. | Annivite-(Zn) | Cu6(Cu4Zn2)Bi4S12S |
| 2.GB. | Pošepnýite | (Cu+3◻3)(Hg2+4Cu+2)Sb4Se12(Se0.5◻0.5) |
| 2.GB. | Tennantite-(Cu) | Cu6(Cu4Cu2)As4S12S |
| 2.GB. | Argentopolybasite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9AgS4] |
| 2.GB. | Tennantite-(Mn) | Cu6(Cu4Mn2)As4S12S |
| 2.GB. | Argentotetrahedrite-(Cd) | Ag6(Cu4Cd2)Sb4S12S |
| 2.GB. | Stibioústalečite | (Cu4Cu2)(Cu4Cu+2)(Sb2Te2)Se12Se |
| 2.GB. | Stibiogoldfieldite | (Cu4Cu2)(Cu4Cu+2)(Sb2Te2)S12S |
| 2.GB. | Argentotetrahedrite-(Zn) | Ag6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S12S |
| 2.GB. | Tetrahedrite-(Cd) | Cu6(Cu4Cd2)Sb4S12S |
| 2.GB. | Arsenogoldfieldite | (Cu4Cu2)(Cu4Cu+2)(As2Te2)S12S |
| 2.GB. | Arsenoústalečite | (Cu4Cu2)(Cu4Cu+2)(As2Te2)Se12Se |
| 2.GB. | Tennantite-(In) | Cu6(Cu5In)As4S13 |
| 2.GB. | Zvěstovite-(Fe) | Ag6(Ag4Fe2+2)As4S12S |
| 2.GB. | Hakite-(Fe) | Cu6(Cu4Fe2+2)Sb4Se12Se |
| 2.GB. | Tennantite-(Cd) | Cu6(Cu4Cd2)As4S12S |
| 2.GB.X | Kenorozhdestvenskayaite-(Fe) | [Ag6]4+(Ag4Fe2+2)Sb4S12◻ |
| 2.GB. | Tetrahedrite-(Cu) | Cu6(Cu4Cu2+2)Sb4S12S |
| 2.GB. | Hakite-(Zn) | Cu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4Se12Se |
| 2.GB. | Zvěstovite-(Zn) | Ag6(Ag4Zn2)As4S12S |
| 2.GB. | Hakite-(Cd) | Cu6(Cu4Cd2)Sb4Se12Se |
| 2.GB. | Kenoargentotennantite-(Fe) | [Ag6]4+(Cu4Fe2)As4S12◻ |
| 2.GB. | Tennantite-(Hg) | Cu6(Cu4Hg2)As4S12S |
| 2.GB. | Tetrahedrite-(Mn) | Cu6(Cu4Mn2)Sb4S12S |
| 2.GB. | Tennantite-(Ni) | Cu6(Cu4Ni2)As4S12S |
| 2.GB. | Tetrahedrite-(Ni) | Cu6(Cu4Ni2)Sb4S12S |
| 2.GB.05 | Hakite-(Hg) | Cu6(Cu4Hg2)Sb4Se12Se |
| 2.GB.05 | Rozhdestvenskayaite-(Zn) | Ag6(Ag4Zn2)Sb4S12S |
| 2.GB.05 | Argentotennantite-(Zn) | Ag6(Cu4Zn2)As4S12S |
| 2.GB.05 | Argentotennantite-(Fe) | Ag6(Cu4Fe2)As4S12S |
| 2.GB.05 | Freibergite Subgroup | (Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C2+2)Sb4S12S0-1 |
| 2.GB.05 | Tennantite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S |
| 2.GB.05 | Tennantite-(Zn) | Cu6(Cu4Zn2)As4S12S |
| 2.GB.05 | Tetrahedrite-(Zn) | Cu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S12S |
| 2.GB.05 | Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
| 2.GB.05 | Tennantite-(Fe) | Cu6(Cu4Fe2+2)As4S12S |
| 2.GB.05 | Tetrahedrite-(Fe) | Cu6(Cu4Fe2+2)Sb4S12S |
| 2.GB.05 | Tetrahedrite-(Hg) | Cu6(Cu4Hg2)Sb4S12S |
| 2.GB.05 | Kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Fe) | [Ag6]4+(Cu4Fe2+2)Sb4S12◻ |
| 2.GB.05 | Giraudite-(Zn) | Cu6(Cu4Zn2)As4Se12Se |
| 2.GB.05 | Argentotetrahedrite-(Fe) | Ag6(Cu4Fe2)Sb4S12S |
| 2.GB.05 | 'UM1992-21-S:AgFeSb' | Ag6(Ag4Fe2+2)Sb4S12S |
| 2.GB.10 | Selenostephanite | Ag5SbSe4 |
| 2.GB.10 | Stephanite | Ag5SbS4 |
| 2.GB.15 | 'UM2003-14-S:AgBiFeTe' | Ag16FeBiTe3S8 |
| 2.GB.15 | 'UM1979-17-S:BiCuFe' | ~Cu18Fe4BiS16 |
| 2.GB.15 | Pearceite | [Ag6As2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| 2.GB.15 | Argentopearceite | Ag16As2S11 |
| 2.GB.15 | Cupropolybasite | [Cu6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| 2.GB.15 | Fengruiite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS2Te2] |
| 2.GB.15 | Auropearceite | [Ag9AuS4][Ag6As2S7] |
| 2.GB.15 | Selenopolybasite | [(Ag,Cu)6(Sb,As)2(S,Se)7][Ag9Cu(S,Se)2Se2] |
| 2.GB.15 | Polybasite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| 2.GB.15 | Auropolybasite | [Ag9AuS4][Ag6Sb2S7] |
| 2.GB.15 | Cupropearceite | [Cu6As2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| 2.GB.20 | Vorontsovite | (Hg5Cu)Σ6TlAs4S12 |
| 2.GB.20 | Ferrovorontsovite | (Fe5Cu)Σ6TlAs4S12 |
| 2.GB.20 | Galkhaite | (Hg5Cu)CsAs4S12 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Goldfieldite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1721.html
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References for Goldfieldite
Reference List:
Ransome, Frederick Leslie, Emmons, W.H., Garrey, G.H. (1909) The geology and ore deposits of Goldfield, Nevada. Professional Paper 66. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/pp66 pp.116-117
Spencer, L. J. (1913) A (sixth) list of new mineral names. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 16 (77) 352-378 doi:10.1180/minmag.1913.016.77.09
Kalbskopf, R. (1974) Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Cu12-xTe4S13, dem Tellur-Endglied der Fahlerze [Synthesis and crystal structure of Cu12-xTe4S13, the tellurium end member of the tetrahedrite group]. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 21 (1) 1-10 doi:10.1007/bf01084946
Knittel, U. (1989) Composition and Association of Arsenian Goldfieldite from the Marian gold deposit, Northern Luzon, Philippines. Mineralogy and Petrology, 40 (2) 145-154 doi:10.1007/bf01164325
Localities for Goldfieldite
Showing 111 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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The
Mohawk Mine, Goldfield, Goldfield Mining District, Esmeralda County, Nevada, USA