Sideronatrite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Sideronatrite
Formula:
Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O
Colour:
Yellow, yellow-brown, straw-yellow, light orange; pale yellow to nearly colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
1½ - 2
Specific Gravity:
2.22 - 2.35
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
In allusion to the composition, containing iron (Greek "SIDEROs") and sodium (Latin "NATRIum").
A rare sodium-iron-sulphate found in arid regions in oxidized zones of iron-rich deposits. Also formed through pyrite oxidation by saline water in veins, coal deposits, and near-sea areas by sea spray.
Reversibly dehydrates to metasideronatrite depending on relative humidity and exposure to sunlight.
Two MDO polytypes are known, sideronatrite-2O (MDO1) and sideronatrite-2M (MDO2).
The structure of both polytypes, as in the case of metasideronatrite, is based on ferric-sulfate chains with 7 Å periodicity. Hydrogen bonding is present. In the orthorhombic polytype (at least) there are infinite octahedral-tetrahedral [Fe3+(SO4)2(OH)]2− are parallel to the c axis. Distorted corner-sharing Na octahedra, forming columns, provide a link for the chains. The Na polyhedra are set along the c axis and form sheets || (010).
Reversibly dehydrates to metasideronatrite depending on relative humidity and exposure to sunlight.
Two MDO polytypes are known, sideronatrite-2O (MDO1) and sideronatrite-2M (MDO2).
The structure of both polytypes, as in the case of metasideronatrite, is based on ferric-sulfate chains with 7 Å periodicity. Hydrogen bonding is present. In the orthorhombic polytype (at least) there are infinite octahedral-tetrahedral [Fe3+(SO4)2(OH)]2− are parallel to the c axis. Distorted corner-sharing Na octahedra, forming columns, provide a link for the chains. The Na polyhedra are set along the c axis and form sheets || (010).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3650
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3650:0
IMA Classification of Sideronatrite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Na2Fe3+(S6+O4)2(OH)·3H2O
First published:
1878
Classification of Sideronatrite
7.DF.20
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
F : With large and medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
F : With large and medium-sized cations
31.8.3.1
31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
8 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
8 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
25.11.2
25 : Sulphates
11 : Sulphates of Fe and other metals
25 : Sulphates
11 : Sulphates of Fe and other metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Snat | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Sideronatrite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Yellow, yellow-brown, straw-yellow, light orange; pale yellow to nearly colourless in transmitted light.
Comment:
Semitransparent
Streak:
Yellowish white
Hardness:
1½ - 2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Elastic
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {010}
Fair on {100}
Perfect on {010}
Fair on {100}
Comment:
Slightly flexible.
Density:
2.22 - 2.35 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.276 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Sideronatrite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.508(3) nβ = 1.525(3) nγ = 1.586(3)
2V:
Calculated: 53° to 63°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.078
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
Strong, r > v.
Optical Extinction:
X = a; Y = b; Z = c.
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = Nearly colourless,
Y = Very pale golden yellow,
Z = Pale golden yellow.
Y = Very pale golden yellow,
Z = Pale golden yellow.
Chemistry of Sideronatrite
Mindat Formula:
Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O
Element Weights:
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| H2O- | 10.34 % |
| H2O+ | 7.77 % |
| Fe2O3 | 19.95 % |
| Al2O3 | 1.81 % |
| FeO | 0.57 % |
| CaO | 0.64 % |
| MgO | 0.31 % |
| Na2O | 17.04 % |
| K2O | 0.38 % |
| SO3 | 42.04 % |
| Total: | 100.85 % |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eisden colliery, Eisden, Maasmechelen, Limburg, Flanders, Belgium | Analysis by Van Tassel & Van Stiphoudt |
Crystallography of Sideronatrite
Polytype:
Formula:
Crystal System:
Class (H-M)
Space Group:
Space Group Setting:
Cell Parameters:
Ratio:
Unit Cell Volume (calc):
Z:
Comment:
| Sideronatrite-2M | Sideronatrite-2O |
|---|---|
| Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| Monoclinic | Orthorhombic |
| 2/m - Prismatic | 222 - Disphenoidal |
| P21/b | P212121 |
| P21/a | |
| a = 20.828 Å, b = 7.265 Å, c = 7.120 Å β = 99.84° | a = 7.265(2) Å, b = 20.522(6) Å, c = 7.120(2) Å |
| a:b:c = 2.867 : 1 : 0.98 | a:b:c = 0.354 : 1 : 0.347 |
| V 1,061.52 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell) | V 1,061.54 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell) |
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0020665 | Sideronatrite | Scordari F, Ventruti G (2009) Sideronatrite, Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH)*3H2O: Crystal structure of the orthorhombic polytype and OD character analysis American Mineralogist 94 1679-1686 | 2009 | Sierra Gorda, Chile | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 10.15 Å | (very very strong) |
| 3.01 Å | (very strong) |
| 3.38 Å | (strong) |
| 2.68 Å | (strong) |
| 6.78 Å | (moderately strong) |
| 3.58 Å | (mderately strong) |
| 5.00 Å | (weak) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] |
Geological Setting:
Secondary mineral in pyrite deposits in arid environments. Alteration of pyrite by sea spray or saline waters in metallic veins, and coal measures.
Type Occurrence of Sideronatrite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Elongated crystals and crystalline masses.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type specimen.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidized zone of iron-rich deposit in very arid region.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Sideronatrite
Other Language Names for Sideronatrite
Dutch:Sideronatriet
German:Sideronatrit
Urusit
Urusit
Japanese:曹鉄石
Simplified Chinese:纤钠铁矾
Spanish:Sideronatrita
Urusita
Urusita
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 7 photos of Sideronatrite associated with Metavoltine | K2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 6 photos of Sideronatrite associated with Eugsterite | Na4Ca(SO4)3 · 2H2O |
| 4 photos of Sideronatrite associated with Antofagastaite | Na2Ca(SO4)2 · 1.5H2O |
| 4 photos of Sideronatrite associated with Halotrichite | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 4 photos of Sideronatrite associated with Destinezite | Fe3+2(PO4)(SO4)(OH) · 6H2O |
| 4 photos of Sideronatrite associated with Tamarugite | NaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 4 photos of Sideronatrite associated with 'Jarosite-Natrojarosite Series' | |
| 3 photos of Sideronatrite associated with Glauberite | Na2Ca(SO4)2 |
| 3 photos of Sideronatrite associated with Rosickýite | S |
| 3 photos of Sideronatrite associated with Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.DF. | Siligiite | [Pb(H2O)5(SO4)][Zn9(OH)18] |
| 7.DF. | Alcaparrosaite | K3Ti4+Fe3+(SO4)4O(H2O)2 |
| 7.DF. | Flaggite | Pb4Cu2+4Te6+2(SO4)2O11(OH)2(H2O) |
| 7.DF. | Bairdite | Pb2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.DF. | Tzeferisite | CaZn8(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2(H2O)9 |
| 7.DF. | Cherokeeite | [Pb2Zn(OH)4](SO4) · H2O |
| 7.DF. | Ammoniomathesiusite | (NH4)5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5) · 4H2O |
| 7.DF. | Sigogglinite | [Pb6Zn(OH)8]2(SO4)6 · (H2O)8-x |
| 7.DF.X | Blueridgeite | [Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)2(S2O3)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.DF. | Erssonite | Mg7Fe3+2(OH)18[Ca(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.DF. | Poellmannite | Ca6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DF. | Carlsonite | (NH4)5Fe3+3O(SO4)6 · 7H2O |
| 7.DF. | Aldridgeite | (Cd,Ca)(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF. | Cuprocherokeeite | [Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)4 · 4H2O |
| 7.DF. | Haywoodite | [Pb(H2O)10][Zn12(OH)20(H2O)(SO4)3] |
| 7.DF. | Chromschieffelinite | Pb10Te6+6O20(OH)14(CrO4)(H2O)5 |
| 7.DF.05 | Uklonskovite | NaMg(SO4)F · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.10 | Kainite | KMg(SO4)Cl · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.10 | Kaliochalcite | KCu2(SO4)2[(OH)(H2O)] |
| 7.DF.15 | Natrochalcite | NaCu2(SO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.17 | Genplesite | Ca3Sn(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.17 | 'Unnamed (Ba-Sb Silicate-Sulphate-Hydroxide-Hydrate)' | Ba3Sb5+[(Si,S)O3(OH)]2(OH,O)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.20 | Metasideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Fleischerite | Pb3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Mallestigite | Pb3Sb5+(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Schaurteite | Ca3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.30 | Slavíkite | (H3O+)3Mg6Fe15(SO4)21(OH)18 · 98H2O |
| 7.DF.35 | Metavoltine | K2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.DF.40 | Lannonite | Mg2Ca4Al4(SO4)8F8 · 24H2O |
| 7.DF.40 | Vlodavetsite | AlCa2(SO4)2F2Cl · 4H2O |
| 7.DF.45 | Peretaite | Ca(SbO)4(SO4)2(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.50 | Gordaite | NaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O |
| 7.DF.50 | Calamaite | Na2TiO(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.52 | Huizingite-(Al) | [(NH4)9(SO4)2][(Al,Fe3+)3(OH)2(H2O)4(SO4)6] |
| 7.DF.52 | Scordariite | K8(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)[Fe3+3O(SO4)6]2 · 14H2O |
| 7.DF.55 | Clairite | (NH4)2Fe3(SO4)4(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.55 | Giacovazzoite | K5Fe3+3O(SO4)6 · 10H2O |
| 7.DF.57 | Magnanelliite | K3Fe3+2(SO4)4(OH)(H2O)2 |
| 7.DF.60 | Arzrunite | Cu4Pb2(SO4)(OH)4Cl6 · 2H2O (?) |
| 7.DF.60 | Evdokimovite | Tl4(VO)3(SO4)5(H2O)5 |
| 7.DF.62 | Bridgesite-(Ce) | CaCe2Cu6(SO4)4(OH)12 · 8H2O |
| 7.DF.65 | Elyite | Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O |
| 7.DF.70 | Yecoraite | Fe3+3Bi5(Te6+O4)2(Te4+O3)O9 · 9H2O |
| 7.DF.70 | Lautenthalite | PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.75 | Riomarinaite | Bi(SO4)(OH) · H2O |
| 7.DF.80 | Dukeite | Bi3+24Cr6+8O57(OH)6 · 3H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Insoluble in cold water. Soluble in boiling water with separation of ferric oxide. Reversibly dehydrates to metasideronatrite, with dependence on relative humidity and sunlight exposure.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Sideronatrite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3650.html
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Mineral Dealers:
References for Sideronatrite
Reference List:
Raimondi, Antonio (1878) Minerales del Perú - ó catálogo razonado de una coleccion que representa los principales tipos minerales de la republica con muestras de huano y restos de aves que lo han producido. J. Enrique, Lima. pp.209-211
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.134
Cesbron, Fabien (1964) Contribution à la Minéralogie des sulfates de fer hydratés. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 87 (2) 125-143 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1964.5721
Scordari, F. (1981) Sideronatrite: A mineral with a {Fe2(SO4)4(OH)2} guildite type chain? TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 28 (4). 315-319 doi:10.1007/bf01081857
Scordari, F., Ventruti, G. (2009) Sideronatrite, Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH)·3H2O: Crystal structure of the orthorhombic polytype and OD character analysis. American Mineralogist, 94 (11) 1679-1686 doi:10.2138/am.2009.3286
Yang, Zhuming, Giester, Gerald, Ding, Kuishou, Li, He (2015) Crystal structure of sideronatrite-2M, Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH)(H2O)3, a new polytype from Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit, Qinghai Province, China. European Journal of Mineralogy, 27 (3) 427-432 doi:10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2441
Localities for Sideronatrite
Showing 93 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Márquez-Zavalía et al. (1995) |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Gablina et al. (2018) |
Australia | |
| Harris et al. (2003) |
| Mark Raven |
| Rob Fitzpatrick et al. (2010) | |
| Pring et al. (1987) |
| Pring et al. (1987) |
| Rob Fitzpatrick et al. (2010) |
| Mark Raven |
Austria | |
| Strasser (1989) |
Belgium | |
| Mélon et al. (1976) +2 other references |
| Van Tassel (1973) +2 other references |
| Van Tassel (1961) +2 other references |
| Mélon et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
Bolivia | |
| Lindgren et al. (1928) +2 other references |
Canada | |
| Zodrow et al. (1978) |
Chile | |
| luigi chiappino specimen |
| samples analysed by Dr. Tony Kampf +1 other reference | |
| identified by Gerhard Möhn | |
| [Sideronatrite-2O] Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Kampf +5 other references | |
| [Sideronatrite-2M] NHM Vienna collection (Uwe Kolitsch SXRD analysis) +1 other reference |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Dana 7:II:457. | |
| Gerhard Möhn collection |
| Raimondi (1878) +4 other references |
China | |
| Guangzhi Tu et al. (1964) +2 other references |
| Kaiyin Bai and Zhaoxin Han (2007) |
Czech Republic | |
| Hloušek et al. (2002) |
| Matýsek et al. (2014) |
| Matýsek et al. (2014) |
| Matýsek et al. (2014) |
| Matýsek et al. (2014) |
France | |
| R. Pierrot |
Germany | |
| |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| www.wagnerul.de (n.d.) |
| Ko Jansen +2 other references |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Thalheim +1 other reference |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
| Uwe Kolitsch (self-collected, SXRD-analysed) |
| Rieck et al. (2022) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2014) |
Hungary | |
| Mecsek-Oko |
Ireland | |
| Moreton et al. (1995) |
Italy | |
| Ara D. et al. (2013) |
| Garavelli et al. (1996) |
| Libvrna N°5 - 2022 |
| Sabelli et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| ISHIBASHI et al. (2011) |
Lebanon | |
| Kruszewski (2019) |
Namibia | |
| [Sideronatrite-2M] NHM Vienna collection (Uwe Kolitsch SXRD analysis) +2 other references |
Peru | |
| Tyc et al. (2022) |
Poland | |
| Stepisiewicz (1983) |
Romania | |
| Szakáll et al. (2010) |
Slovakia | |
| Duda |
| Myšľan P. et al. (Slovenská republika) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Spain | |
| Rewitzer et al. (2023) |
| Rewitzer et al. (2018) |
| Rewitzer et al. (2018) | |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Turkmenistan | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
UK | |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| NHM Collection (2009) |
| MinMag 63:757 |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1966 35 : 983-990 |
Ukraine | |
| Geologiya SSSR (The geology of USSR) |
USA | |
| U.S. Borax |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Mineralogical Research Co. mineral list. |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| p. 117 +1 other reference |
| Rick Dalrymple photo |
| Collection of NHM | |
| Thorne (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| In the collection of Alex Earl | |
| Kampf et al. (2018) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Collection of Alex Earl |
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Sounion Mine No. 19, Cato Sounio mines, Sounion, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece